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<div class="main-NZ9Bc5">
<h1 class="title-qYBywq title titlepage">Process code for software procurement</h1>
<div class="body-qYBywq">
<div class="content-izszyj content">
<div class="meta-glYQTj">
<div class="flex-container-138817145-NVNte8">
<div class="text0-138817145-xP3fX4 body">
<span class="span0-iJxcWd mulish-normal-black-16px"
>This process code will introduce you to a digital-native approach to procurement. It maintains the
core principles of public procurement—fairness, transparency and objectivity—but realigns the
process with contemporary software development. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817145-xP3fX4 body">
<span class="span1-ypkN9l mulish-normal-black-16px"
>By using this process code, government organizations will obtain the best possible software for the
needs at hand and avoid ballooning costs. Public sector employees are in control of how their
digital tools are designed, purchased and used.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text2-138817145-xP3fX4 body">
<span class="span2-r1bEox mulish-bold-azure-radiance-16px">Read more about process codes here</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="intro-glYQTj">
<div class="titlepage-l0Hxh4"><div class="page-title-WWZJgN titlepage">1a. Welcome!</div></div>
<div class="frame-151-l0Hxh4">
<div class="phaseorientation-63JkLb">
<div class="illo-f2EzFt">
<img class="ellipse-VC0Pxw" src="img/ellipse-9@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<div class="rectangle-VC0Pxw rectangle"></div>
<div class="ellipse-29-VC0Pxw"></div>
<img class="vector-VC0Pxw vector" src="img/vector-16@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<div class="rectangle-dWP2BU rectangle"></div>
<img class="vector-dWP2BU vector" src="img/vector-17@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<img class="vector-fgvvmF vector" src="img/vector-18@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<img class="vector-x5RD52 vector" src="img/vector-19@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<div class="ellipse-dWP2BU"></div>
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<div class="ellipse-x5RD52"></div>
<div class="ellipse-AJWVvA"></div>
<div class="ellipse-LqJfHw"></div>
<img class="ellipse-27-VC0Pxw" src="img/ellipse-2-7@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.7" />
<img class="ellipse-210-VC0Pxw" src="img/ellipse-2-10@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.10" />
<div class="ellipse-0DwPh8"></div>
<div class="ellipse-6bt02J"></div>
<div class="ellipse-AAjf2Z"></div>
<div class="ellipse-VYEBvQ"></div>
<div class="ellipse-auDCWB"></div>
<div class="ellipse-bWqGt1"></div>
<img class="ellipse-bgkOEH" src="img/ellipse-10@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<img class="ellipse-EMGEzS" src="img/ellipse-11@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<img class="ellipse-PxAEl0" src="img/ellipse-12@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<div class="ellipse-32-VC0Pxw"></div>
<div class="ellipse-33-VC0Pxw"></div>
<div class="ellipse-34-VC0Pxw"></div>
<div class="ellipse-31-VC0Pxw"></div>
<img class="vector-2-VC0Pxw" src="img/vector-2-1@2x.png" alt="Vector 2" />
<img class="symbol-dev-VC0Pxw" src="img/symbol-dev-7@2x.png" alt="symbol-dev" />
<img class="ellipse-211-VC0Pxw" src="img/ellipse-2-11@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.11" />
<img class="ellipse-212-VC0Pxw" src="img/ellipse-2-12@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.12" />
</div>
</div>
<p class="we-believe-that-soft-63JkLb body">
We believe that software can serve the public better! This document is a guide to help you, a public
sector employee, source the best possible software. It walks through government contracting
step-by-step, aligning legitimate public procurement with the cutting-edge best practices of software
development. It is not an inflexible set of mandatory steps. Rather, it introduces fundamental
concepts at each stage of a procurement, provides guidelines and best practices, and offers links to
additional resources if you would like to read more.
</p>
</div>
<div class="frame-116-l0Hxh4">
<p class="who-should-use-this-M2H9Cp titlesubsection">
Who should use this process code for software procurement?
</p>
<div class="flex-container-138817153-M2H9Cp">
<div class="text0-138817153-UOGxrA body">
<span class="span0-ILxioD body"
>Several people from different departments should be involved in a software design and procurement
process—from legal counsel to IT to the end users themselves—each bringing their own expertise and
perspective. This guide is intended for all of them, but each will have a more prominent role in
certain phases.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817153-UOGxrA body">
<span class="span1-fRM9Fj body"
>There will also be a single person who follows the process from beginning to end: the ‘product
owner.’ Product owners are expert generalists who deeply understand end users and their needs,
work across different departments, ask good questions, and carry the project from start to finish.
The product owner should read this whole guide, and be comfortable with each step of the process,
while specialists can read the introduction and basic principles, then focus on the particular
step that is most relevant to them.</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="frame-117-l0Hxh4">
<p class="how-to-use-this-process-code-nUjt2X titlesubsection">How to use this process code.</p>
<div class="flex-container-138817156-nUjt2X">
<div class="text0-138817156-8AKLYR body">
<span class="span0-44GDov body"
>You should read through this process code and become familiar with its content, now—before you
begin working on a specific software project. Successful procurement is built on a solid
foundation of staff capacity, collaboration, and shared understanding. It’s important ot lay that
foundation before you have the time pressure of a specific project. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817156-8AKLYR body">
<span class="span1-BoW30E body">This process code will walk you through four primary phases. </span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-container-138817157-nUjt2X">
<div class="text0-138817157-aixINx mulish-bold-black-16px">
<span class="span0-p5ehFx mulish-bold-black-16px">Orientation<br /></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817157-aixINx mulish-bold-black-16px">
<span class="span1-Y1fgSl mulish-bold-black-16px">Planning<br /></span>
</div>
<div class="text2-138817157-aixINx mulish-bold-black-16px">
<span class="span2-Q8RDgW mulish-bold-black-16px">Assessment<br /></span>
</div>
<div class="text3-138817157-aixINx mulish-bold-black-16px">
<span class="span3-IZAVKq mulish-bold-black-16px">Implementation</span>
</div>
</div>
<p class="within-each-phase-th-nUjt2X body">
Within each phase there are number of steps. As you click through the course, each step is a page. On
that page, you’ll find key challenges, knowledge content, suggested actions, and takeaways, as well as
references and additional reading. In some cases, the actons on a page culminate in a decision
– you’ll choose to progress down one path or another.
</p>
<img class="main-diagram-v6-1-nUjt2X" src="img/main-diagram-v6-1@2x.png" alt="main-diagram v6 1" />
<div class="flex-container-138817160-nUjt2X">
<div class="text0-138817160-4AnmWe body">
<span class="span0-4VsKvh body"
>The process code ends with an implementation phase that emphasizes ongoing collaboration. That is
to say, a software project is never really “finished.” In the best case, you become an active
participant in the use, maintenance and improvement of your software, for the benefit of all
public sector organizations. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817160-4AnmWe body">
<span class="span1-qCbRWk body"
>The fundamental purpose of the process code is to anchor a community of practice. Reach out to
the Foundation for Public Code with any questions or to learn about joining a group of
peers.</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="strategic-paths-glYQTj strategic-paths">
<div class="frame-115-COdApz">
<div class="strategic-paths-HDxxam strategic-paths titlesubsection">Strategic paths</div>
<div class="flex-container-138817164-HDxxam">
<div class="text0-138817164-AOQYFQ body">
<span class="span0-E4vr5c body"
>At the end of the Orientation phase, you will have a clear sense of where your software will come
from, based on your needs, your development capacity, and the maturity of the market. At that
point, you will choose a path—purchasing existing software, customizing open source software, or
contracting a vendor who can build custom software for you—and write an RFP accordingly.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817164-AOQYFQ body">
<span class="span1-Qk0L54 body"
>If you decide to build software in-house, you won’t write an RFP. Instead, your team will run an
agile development process. Although the details of agile development are out of scope for this
process code, we provide some useful resources and references. And the Orientation and
Implementation phases are important for all paths, including building in-house.
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="boxes-COdApz">
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-txerSq content">
<div class="icons">
<img
class="iconpathoff-the-shelf-cNITAA"
src="img/icon-path-off-the-shelf@2x.png"
alt="icon.path.off-the-shelf"
/>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Purchase existing</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Get software off the shelf</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-qdRkqD content">
<div class="icons">
<div class="iconpathvendor-oss-x7dVd1">
<div class="paper-9KpW6p paper">
<img class="union-TW3eNe union" src="img/union-13@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-4DbPSY union" src="img/union-14@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-CLM97s union" src="img/union-15@2x.png" alt="Union" />
</div>
<img class="x-9KpW6p" src="img/-@2x.png" alt="$" />
<div class="fork-standard-9KpW6p">
<div class="ellipse-192-vxk0s5"></div>
<div class="ellipse-193-vxk0s5"></div>
<img class="vector-6-vxk0s5" src="img/vector-6-1@2x.png" alt="Vector 6" />
<img class="vector-vxk0s5 vector" src="img/vector-20@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<img class="vector-N5jlSy vector" src="img/vector-21@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Customize OSS</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Contract a vendor to adapt open source software</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-aAVlMO content">
<div class="icons">
<div class="iconpathvendor-xtuNTz">
<div class="group-146-i6nuAm">
<div class="paper-gVUxr2 paper">
<img class="union-rzp8bZ union" src="img/union-16@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-2FKxpY union" src="img/union-17@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-4VnFM2 union" src="img/union-18@2x.png" alt="Union" />
</div>
<img class="code-gVUxr2" src="img/code@2x.png" alt="code" />
<img class="x-gVUxr2" src="img/-@2x.png" alt="$" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Custom software</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Contract a vendor to build software</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-GD6FPl content">
<div class="icons">
<div class="iconpathinhouse-EJl69N">
<img class="union-YNuqVx union" src="img/union-19@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="gear-2-YNuqVx" src="img/gear-2-6@2x.png" alt="gear 2" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Build in-house</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Build software (or adapt OSS) in-house</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<div class="getting-oriented-glYQTj">
<div class="titlesubsection-7z6Jwa">
<div class="subsection-title-FcZPWW titlesection">Getting oriented</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-container-138817180-7z6Jwa">
<div class="text0-138817180-nudtzH body">
<span class="span0-38wC0Z body"
>Procurement is an opportunity to evaluate how you work today, how you could work more effectively
in the future, and how to align with broad municipal priorities like climate change or social
equity. Orientation is about creating a solid foundation for your organization to effectively build,
buy, use and maintain digital products in the long term. The goal is to build up your colleagues’
familiarity with three main things: first, with the steps and objectives of legitimate public sector
procurement; second, with contemporary software development processes; and third, with effective
design research methods. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138817180-nudtzH body">
<span class="span1-U48sdo body"
>Capacity-building starts long before there is any specific software project to work on. Product
owners should spend time meeting staff members from various departments, hosting Q&A workshops,
debunking myths about government procurement, helping colleagues become fluent with common language </span
><span class="span2-U48sdo mulish-normal-black-16px">(“agile” “DevOps” “exclusionary criteria”)</span
><span class="span3-U48sdo body"
>, and sharing the basics of agile software development. The process of obtaining specific software
builds on this foundation. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text2-138817180-nudtzH body">
<span class="span4-N3Dxtr body"
>The next step is to use discovery research methods to understand the challenge or opportunity,
define user needs, and develop ideas about potential solutions. The goal is to arrive at a precise
problem statement.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text3-138817180-nudtzH body">
<span class="span5-TpZXxx body"
>A good sense of the problem allows us to evaluate potential solutions that might already exist in
the market—including off-the-shelf software and open source software (OSS). If nothing good exists,
the problem statement also helps with estimating the costs of building software in-house or
contracting a custom solution.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text4-138817180-nudtzH body">
<span class="span6-6LCK8b body"
>These options should be evaluated in a neutral way, accounting not only for cost, but also for
quality, long-term lifecycle costs of ownership and maintenance, and potential unforeseen concerns
like vendor lock-in and data ownership.</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer-nav-glYQTj">
<a href="1b-capacity-building.html">
<div class="navfooternext-v02-Kb9SEH">
<div class="title-QzySD5 title mulish-bold-white-16px">1b. Capacity-building</div>
<img class="arrow-QzySD5" src="img/arrow-3@2x.png" alt="Arrow" /></div
></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navsidebarexpanded-izszyj">
<article class="navmainv3-hD2O1m navmainv3">
<div class="section-title">
<div class="x1-section-name-3NC28V x1-section-name titlesection-p">1. Orientation</div>
</div>
<div class="subsections">
<a href="1a-getting-oriented.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-QhnZUa navsubsectionv2">
<div class="capacity-building body">a. Welcome!</div>
</article></a
><a href="1b-capacity-building.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-dExCyp navsubsectionv2">
<div class="b-subsection-name body">b. Capacity-building</div>
</article></a
><a href="1c-discovery-research-and-problem-statement.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-iBlghV navsubsectionv2">
<div class="c-subsection-name body">c. Discovery research</div>
</article></a
><a href="1d-market-research.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-aK37bU navsubsectionv2">
<div class="d-subsection-name body">d. Market research</div>
</article></a
><a href="1e-strategic-analysis.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-25wdjZ navsubsectionv2">
<div class="e-subsection-name-GbprJo body">e. Strategic analysis</div>
</article></a
>
</div>
</article>
<article class="navmainv3-o0C9M2 navmainv3">
<div class="section-title">
<div class="x1-section-name-6CRe6V x1-section-name titlesection-p">2. Planning</div>
</div>
<div class="subsections">
<a href="2a-planning-phase-introduction.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-7GqN6w navsubsectionv2">
<div class="capacity-building body">a. Planning phase</div>
</article></a
><a href="2b-modularization.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-40FH9p navsubsectionv2">
<div class="b-subsection-name body">b. Modularization</div>
</article></a
><a href="2c-rfp-writing.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-AK4OYt navsubsectionv2">
<div class="c-subsection-name body">c. RFP writing</div>
</article></a
>
</div>
</article>
<article class="navmainv3-XPo2vb navmainv3">
<div class="section-title">
<div class="x1-section-name-77iAZW x1-section-name titlesection-p">3. Assessment</div>
</div>
<div class="subsections">
<a href="3a-assessment-phase.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-xB4LZB navsubsectionv2">
<div class="capacity-building body">a. Assessment phase</div>
</article></a
><a href="3b-vendor-interactions.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-tZxUdR navsubsectionv2">
<div class="b-subsection-name body">b. Vendor interactions</div>
</article></a
><a href="3c-bid-evaluation.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-2GA53H navsubsectionv2">
<div class="c-subsection-name body">c. Bid evaluation</div>
</article></a
><a href="3d-contracting.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-dxxo1B navsubsectionv2">
<div class="d-subsection-name body"><span class="span0-3qtx6O body">d. Contracting</span></div>
</article></a
>
</div>
</article>
<article class="navmainv3-jR9fgG navmainv3">
<div class="section-title">
<div class="x1-section-name-ZirsZ8 x1-section-name titlesection-p">4. Implementation</div>
</div>
<div class="subsections">
<a href="4a-implementation-phase.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-k6XS1X navsubsectionv2">
<div class="capacity-building body">a. Implementation phase</div>
</article></a
><a href="4b-agile-development.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-DOICCY navsubsectionv2">
<div class="b-subsection-name body">b. Agile development</div>
</article></a
><a href="4c-integration.html">
<article class="navsubsectionv2-0DeKbx navsubsectionv2">
<div class="c-subsection-name body">c. Integration</div>
</article></a
>
</div>
</article>
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<div class="main-GkDd5d">
<h1 class="title-5dxs4S title titlepage">Process code for software procurement</h1>
<div class="body-5dxs4S">
<div class="content-AVgeBV content">
<div class="meta-rJlhAd">
<div class="flex-container-138814281-LmXiyr">
<div class="text0-138814281-WjM0Tf body">
<span class="span0-X5uU2A mulish-normal-black-16px"
>This process code will introduce you to a digital-native approach to procurement. It maintains the
core principles of public procurement—fairness, transparency and objectivity—but realigns the
process with contemporary software development. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814281-WjM0Tf body">
<span class="span1-kiIy2p mulish-normal-black-16px"
>By using this process code, government organizations will obtain the best possible software for the
needs at hand and avoid ballooning costs. Public sector employees are in control of how their
digital tools are designed, purchased and used.</span
>
</div>
</div>
<a href="index.html"
><p class="read-more-about-process-codes-here-LmXiyr mulish-bold-black-16px">
Read more about process codes here
</p>
</a>
</div>
<div class="intro-rJlhAd">
<div class="titlepage-Ejw97M"><div class="page-title-HemNDG titlepage">1a. Welcome!</div></div>
<div class="cluster-Ejw97M cluster">
<div class="phaseorientation-VpoqQl">
<div class="illo-AoMghI">
<img class="ellipse-9I3aZc" src="img/ellipse-17@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<div class="rectangle-9I3aZc rectangle"></div>
<div class="ellipse-29-9I3aZc"></div>
<img class="vector-9I3aZc vector" src="img/vector-28@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<div class="rectangle-TiV8re rectangle"></div>
<img class="vector-TiV8re vector" src="img/vector-29@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<img class="vector-ElDL7I vector" src="img/vector-30@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<img class="vector-QxBYQV vector" src="img/vector-31@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<div class="ellipse-TiV8re"></div>
<div class="ellipse-ElDL7I"></div>
<div class="ellipse-QxBYQV"></div>
<div class="ellipse-o4esiE"></div>
<div class="ellipse-BjMv0G"></div>
<img class="ellipse-27-9I3aZc" src="img/ellipse-2-7-2@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.7" />
<img class="ellipse-210-9I3aZc" src="img/ellipse-2-10-2@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.10" />
<div class="ellipse-FH63xA"></div>
<div class="ellipse-QhtxB2"></div>
<div class="ellipse-gkBXGT"></div>
<div class="ellipse-ffX4Yw"></div>
<div class="ellipse-CLGF1Z"></div>
<div class="ellipse-3veqf4"></div>
<img class="ellipse-eRLY4N" src="img/ellipse-18@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<img class="ellipse-HjxmHH" src="img/ellipse-19@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<img class="ellipse-vDFE5q" src="img/ellipse-20@2x.png" alt="Ellipse" />
<div class="ellipse-32-9I3aZc"></div>
<div class="ellipse-33-9I3aZc"></div>
<div class="ellipse-34-9I3aZc"></div>
<div class="ellipse-31-9I3aZc"></div>
<img class="vector-2-9I3aZc" src="img/vector-2-3@2x.png" alt="Vector 2" />
<img class="symbol-dev-9I3aZc" src="img/symbol-dev-9@2x.png" alt="symbol-dev" />
<img class="ellipse-211-9I3aZc" src="img/ellipse-2-11-2@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.11" />
<img class="ellipse-212-9I3aZc" src="img/ellipse-2-12-2@2x.png" alt="Ellipse 2.12" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-container-138814287-VpoqQl">
<div class="text0-138814287-3pUPLQ body">
<span class="span0-lJjkjk body"
>This document is a guide to help public sector employees source the best possible software to
serve the public better. It walks through government contracting step-by-step, aligning legitimate
public procurement with the cutting-edge best practices of software development. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814287-3pUPLQ body">
<span class="span1-a6ocOe body"
>It is not an inflexible set of mandatory steps. Rather, it introduces fundamental concepts at
each stage of a procurement, provides guidelines and best practices, and offers links to
additional resources if you would like to read more.</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cluster-wnj6mh cluster">
<p class="who-should-use-this-AdGXL7 titlesubsection">
Who should use this process code for software procurement?
</p>
<div class="flex-container-138814290-AdGXL7">
<div class="text0-138814290-fka1Ml body">
<span class="span0-l3192X body"
>Several people from different departments should be involved in a software design and procurement
process—from legal counsel to IT to the end users themselves—each bringing their own expertise and
perspective. This guide is intended for all of them, but each will have a more prominent role in
certain phases.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814290-fka1Ml body">
<span class="span1-QGKVnh body"
>There will also typically be a single person who follows the process from beginning to end: the
product owner. Product owners are expert generalists who deeply understand end users and their
needs, work across different departments, ask good questions, and carry the project from start to
finish. The product owner should read this whole guide, and be comfortable with each step of the
process, while specialists can read the introduction and basic principles, then focus on the
particular step that is most relevant to them.</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cluster-sZ00rx cluster">
<p class="how-to-use-this-process-code-xEHDSp titlesubsection">How to use this process code</p>
<div class="flex-container-138814293-xEHDSp">
<div class="text0-138814293-ZroDjH body">
<span class="span0-JCx9s7 body"
>You should read through this process code and become familiar with its content, now—before you
begin working on a specific software project. Successful procurement is built on a solid
foundation of staff capacity, collaboration, and shared understanding. It’s important to lay that
foundation before you have the time pressure of a specific project. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814293-ZroDjH body">
<span class="span1-nBcc8S body">This process code will walk you through four primary phases:</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="frame-203-xEHDSp frame-203">
<div class="frame-203-WSwUPZ frame-203">
<div class="line-6bOowx line"></div>
<div class="x1-orientation-6bOowx mulish-bold-black-16px">1. Orientation</div>
</div>
<div class="frame-203-t7Q2lp frame-203">
<div class="line-8KFVZJ line"></div>
<div class="x2-planning-8KFVZJ mulish-bold-black-16px">2. Planning</div>
</div>
<div class="frame-204-WSwUPZ">
<div class="line-0cfxxo line"></div>
<div class="x3-assessment-0cfxxo mulish-bold-black-16px">3. Assessment</div>
</div>
<div class="frame-205-WSwUPZ">
<div class="line-N7KHXq line"></div>
<div class="x4-implementation-N7KHXq mulish-bold-black-16px">4. Implementation</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="within-each-phase-th-xEHDSp body">
Within each phase there are number of steps. Each step contains key challenges, knowledge content,
suggested actions, and takeaways, as well as references and additional reading. In some cases, the
suggested actions culminate in you choosing to progress down one path or another.
</p>
<img class="main-diagram-v6-1-xEHDSp" src="img/main-diagram-v6-1-1.png" alt="main-diagram v6 1" />
<div class="flex-container-138814309-xEHDSp">
<div class="text0-138814309-Ycvxzx body">
<span class="span0-pXZjSZ body"
>The process code ends with an implementation phase that emphasizes ongoing collaboration. That is
to say, a software project is never really finished. In the best case, you become an active
participant in the use, maintenance and improvement of your software, for the benefit of all
public sector organizations. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814309-Ycvxzx body">
<span class="span1-2Z1YGD body"
>The fundamental purpose of the process code is to anchor a community of practice. </span
><a href="mailto:info@publiccode.net" target="_blank"
><span class="span2-2Z1YGD body">Reach out</span></a
><span class="span3-2Z1YGD body">
to the Foundation for Public Code with any questions, and to learn about joining a group of peers.
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="strategic-paths-rJlhAd strategic-paths">
<div class="cluster-6bxX2R cluster">
<div class="strategic-paths-B1AYj7 strategic-paths titlesubsection">Strategic paths</div>
<div class="flex-container-138814313-B1AYj7">
<div class="text0-138814313-xyOuBl body">
<span class="span0-0xSSQJ body"
>At the end of the Orientation phase, you will have a clear sense of where your software will come
from, based on the needs you identify using various discovery methods, your development capacity,
and the maturity of the market. At that point, you will choose a path—purchasing existing
software, customizing open source software, or contracting a vendor who can build custom software
for you—and write an RFP (Request for Proposal) accordingly.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814313-xyOuBl body">
<span class="span1-NKyi6F body"
>If you decide to build software in-house, you won’t write an RFP. Instead, your team will run an
agile development process. Although the details of agile development are out of scope for this
process code, we provide some useful resources and references. And the Orientation and
Implementation phases are important for all paths, including building in-house.
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="boxes-6bxX2R">
<div class="cluster-xtdQT3 cluster">
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-QM9G7s content">
<div class="icons">
<img
class="iconpathoff-the-shelf-afABVC"
src="img/icon-path-off-the-shelf-3@2x.png"
alt="icon.path.off-the-shelf"
/>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Purchase existing</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Get software off the shelf</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-agiJtg content">
<div class="icons">
<div class="iconpathvendor-oss-GLM95x">
<div class="paper-Cbxg6m paper">
<img class="union-nxL5fN union" src="img/union-30@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-xnK3SE union" src="img/union-31@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-xizDPp union" src="img/union-32@2x.png" alt="Union" />
</div>
<img class="x-Cbxg6m" src="img/--4@2x.png" alt="$" />
<div class="fork-standard-Cbxg6m">
<div class="ellipse-192-7hE1j9"></div>
<div class="ellipse-193-7hE1j9"></div>
<img class="vector-6-7hE1j9" src="img/vector-6-3@2x.png" alt="Vector 6" />
<img class="vector-7hE1j9 vector" src="img/vector-32@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
<img class="vector-fQiali vector" src="img/vector-33@2x.png" alt="Vector" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Customize OSS</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Contract a vendor to adapt open source software</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div class="cluster-pxHj0N cluster">
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-PwKPLv content">
<div class="icons">
<div class="iconpathvendor-GOaHfY">
<div class="group-146-MaUNYx">
<div class="paper-DN2If8 paper">
<img class="union-evdpNu union" src="img/union-33@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-qrub6C union" src="img/union-34@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="union-0AdI1m union" src="img/union-35@2x.png" alt="Union" />
</div>
<img class="code-DN2If8" src="img/code-2@2x.png" alt="code" />
<img class="x-DN2If8" src="img/--4@2x.png" alt="$" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Custom software</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Contract a vendor to build software</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article class="boxpaths">
<div class="content-nt739X content">
<div class="icons">
<div class="iconpathinhouse-84oEIz">
<img class="union-Ewx51b union" src="img/union-36@2x.png" alt="Union" />
<img class="gear-2-Ewx51b" src="img/gear-2-11@2x.png" alt="gear 2" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="text">
<div class="purchase-existing titlesubsection">Build in-house</div>
<p class="get-software-off-the-shelf body">Build software (or adapt OSS) in-house</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="getting-oriented-rJlhAd">
<div class="titlesubsection-pZG2cB">
<div class="subsection-title-hoxA77 titlesection">Getting oriented</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-container-138814331-pZG2cB">
<div class="text0-138814331-fNxwvm body">
<span class="span0-P9r1Ad body"
>Procurement is an opportunity to evaluate how you work today, how you could work more effectively
in the future, and how to align with broad municipal priorities like climate change or social
equity. Orientation is about creating a solid foundation for your organization to effectively build,
buy, use and maintain digital products in the long term. The goal is to build up your colleagues’
familiarity with three main things: first, with the steps and objectives of legitimate public sector
procurement; second, with contemporary software development processes; and third, with effective
design research methods. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text1-138814331-fNxwvm body">
<span class="span1-lQRU0t body"
>Capacity-building starts long before there is any specific software project to work on. Product
owners should spend time meeting staff members from various departments, hosting Q&A workshops,
debunking myths about government procurement, helping colleagues become fluent with common language
(for example agile, DevOps, exclusionary criteria), and sharing the basics of agile software
development. The process of obtaining specific software builds on this foundation. <br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text2-138814331-fNxwvm body">
<span class="span2-KMplDd body"
>The next step is to use discovery research methods to understand the challenge or opportunity,
define user needs, and develop ideas about potential solutions. The goal is to arrive at a precise
problem statement.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text3-138814331-fNxwvm body">
<span class="span3-x0XwHr body"
>A good sense of the problem allows us to evaluate potential solutions that might already exist in
the market—including off-the-shelf software and open source software (OSS). If nothing good exists,
the problem statement also helps with estimating the costs of building software in-house or
contracting a custom solution.<br
/></span>
</div>
<div class="text4-138814331-fNxwvm body">
<span class="span4-dbNjOt body"
>These options should be evaluated in a neutral way, accounting not only for cost, but also for
quality, long-term lifecycle costs of ownership and maintenance, and potential unforeseen concerns
like vendor lock-in and data ownership.</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<a href="1b-capacity-building.html">
<div class="navfooternext-v02-LejCgz">
<div class="title-xyysjc title mulish-bold-white-16px">1b. Capacity-building</div>
<img class="arrow-xyysjc" src="img/arrow-7@2x.png" alt="Arrow" /></div
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<article class="navmainv3-cti4Ww navmainv3">
<div class="section-title">
<div class="x1-section-name-hQSVjO x1-section-name titlesection-p">1. Orientation</div>
</div>
<div class="subsections">
<a href="1a-getting-oriented.html">