main.go

// Copyright 2016-2018, Pulumi Corporation.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// pulumi-language-nodejs serves as the "language host" for Pulumi
// programs written in NodeJS. It is ultimately responsible for spawning the
// language runtime that executes the program.
//
// The program being executed is executed by a shim script called
// `pulumi-language-nodejs-exec`. This script is written in the hosted
// language (in this case, node) and is responsible for initiating RPC
// links to the resource monitor and engine.
//
// It's therefore the responsibility of this program to implement
// the LanguageHostServer endpoint by spawning instances of
// `pulumi-language-nodejs-exec` and forwarding the RPC request arguments
// to the command-line.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"

	pbempty "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/empty"
	opentracing "github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/resource/config"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/resource/plugin"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/util/cmdutil"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/util/contract"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/util/logging"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/util/rpcutil"
	"github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/go/common/version"
	pulumirpc "github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v2/proto/go"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"

	"github.com/blang/semver"
)

const (
	// The path to the "run" program which will spawn the rest of the language host. This may be overridden with
	// PULUMI_LANGUAGE_NODEJS_RUN_PATH, which we do in some testing cases.
	defaultRunPath = "@pulumi/pulumi/cmd/run"

	// The runtime expects the config object to be saved to this environment variable.
	pulumiConfigVar = "PULUMI_CONFIG"

	// A exit-code we recognize when the nodejs process exits.  If we see this error, there's no
	// need for us to print any additional error messages since the user already got a a good
	// one they can handle.
	nodeJSProcessExitedAfterShowingUserActionableMessage = 32
)

// Launches the language host RPC endpoint, which in turn fires
// up an RPC server implementing the LanguageRuntimeServer RPC
// endpoint.
func main() {
	var tracing string
	var typescript bool
	flag.StringVar(&tracing, "tracing", "",
		"Emit tracing to a Zipkin-compatible tracing endpoint")
	flag.BoolVar(&typescript, "typescript", true,
		"Use ts-node at runtime to support typescript source natively")
	flag.Parse()

	args := flag.Args()
	logging.InitLogging(false, 0, false)
	cmdutil.InitTracing("pulumi-language-nodejs", "pulumi-language-nodejs", tracing)

	nodePath, err := exec.LookPath("node")
	if err != nil {
		cmdutil.Exit(errors.Wrapf(err, "could not find node on the $PATH"))
	}

	runPath := os.Getenv("PULUMI_LANGUAGE_NODEJS_RUN_PATH")
	if runPath == "" {
		runPath = defaultRunPath
	}

	runPath, err = locateModule(runPath, nodePath)
	if err != nil {
		cmdutil.ExitError(
			"It looks like the Pulumi SDK has not been installed. Have you run npm install or yarn install?")
	}

	// Optionally pluck out the engine so we can do logging, etc.
	var engineAddress string
	if len(args) > 0 {
		engineAddress = args[0]
	}

	// Fire up a gRPC server, letting the kernel choose a free port.
	port, done, err := rpcutil.Serve(0, nil, []func(*grpc.Server) error{
		func(srv *grpc.Server) error {
			host := newLanguageHost(nodePath, runPath, engineAddress, tracing, typescript)
			pulumirpc.RegisterLanguageRuntimeServer(srv, host)
			return nil
		},
	}, nil)
	if err != nil {
		cmdutil.Exit(errors.Wrapf(err, "could not start language host RPC server"))
	}

	// Otherwise, print out the port so that the spawner knows how to reach us.
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", port)

	// And finally wait for the server to stop serving.
	if err := <-done; err != nil {
		cmdutil.Exit(errors.Wrapf(err, "language host RPC stopped serving"))
	}
}

// locateModule resolves a node module name to a file path that can be loaded
func locateModule(mod string, nodePath string) (string, error) {
	program := fmt.Sprintf("console.log(require.resolve('%s'));", mod)
	cmd := exec.Command(nodePath, "-e", program)
	out, err := cmd.Output()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), nil
}

// nodeLanguageHost implements the LanguageRuntimeServer interface
// for use as an API endpoint.
type nodeLanguageHost struct {
	nodeBin       string
	runPath       string
	engineAddress string
	tracing       string
	typescript    bool
}

func newLanguageHost(nodePath, runPath, engineAddress,
	tracing string, typescript bool) pulumirpc.LanguageRuntimeServer {
	return &nodeLanguageHost{
		nodeBin:       nodePath,
		runPath:       runPath,
		engineAddress: engineAddress,
		tracing:       tracing,
		typescript:    typescript,
	}
}

func compatibleVersions(a, b semver.Version) (bool, string) {
	switch {
	case a.Major == 0 && b.Major == 0:
		// If both major versions are pre-1.0, we require that the major and minor versions match.
		if a.Minor != b.Minor {
			return false, "Differing major or minor versions are not supported."
		}

	case a.Major >= 1 && a.Major <= 2 && b.Major >= 1 && b.Major <= 2:
		// If both versions are 1.0<=v<=2.0, they are compatible.

	case a.Major > 2 || b.Major > 2:
		// If either version is post-2.0, we require that the major versions match.
		if a.Major != b.Major {
			return false, "Differing major versions are not supported."
		}

	case a.Major == 1 && b.Major == 0 && b.Minor == 17 || b.Major == 1 && a.Major == 0 && a.Minor == 17:
		// If one version is pre-1.0 and the other is post-1.0, we unify 1.x.y and 0.17.z. This combination is legal.

	default:
		// All other combinations of versions are illegal.
		return false, "Differing major or minor versions are not supported."
	}

	return true, ""
}

// GetRequiredPlugins computes the complete set of anticipated plugins required by a program.
func (host *nodeLanguageHost) GetRequiredPlugins(ctx context.Context,
	req *pulumirpc.GetRequiredPluginsRequest) (*pulumirpc.GetRequiredPluginsResponse, error) {
	// To get the plugins required by a program, find all node_modules/ packages that contain {
	// "pulumi": true } inside of their package.json files.  We begin this search in the same
	// directory that contains the project. It's possible that a developer would do a
	// `require("../../elsewhere")` and that we'd miss this as a dependency, however the solution
	// for that is simple: install the package in the project root.

	// Keep track of the versions of @pulumi/pulumi that are pulled in.  If they differ on
	// minor version, we will issue a warning to the user.
	pulumiPackagePathToVersionMap := make(map[string]semver.Version)
	plugins, err := getPluginsFromDir(req.GetProgram(), pulumiPackagePathToVersionMap, false /*inNodeModules*/)

	if err == nil {
		first := true
		var firstPath string
		var firstVersion semver.Version
		for path, version := range pulumiPackagePathToVersionMap {
			if first {
				first = false
				firstPath = path
				firstVersion = version
				continue
			}

			if ok, message := compatibleVersions(version, firstVersion); !ok {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr,
					`Found incompatible versions of @pulumi/pulumi. %s
  Version %s referenced at %s
  Version %s referenced at %s
`, message, firstVersion, firstPath, version, path)
				break
			}
		}
	}

	if err != nil {
		logging.V(3).Infof("one or more errors while discovering plugins: %s", err)
	}
	return &pulumirpc.GetRequiredPluginsResponse{
		Plugins: plugins,
	}, nil
}

// getPluginsFromDir enumerates all node_modules/ directories, deeply, and returns the fully concatenated results.
func getPluginsFromDir(
	dir string, pulumiPackagePathToVersionMap map[string]semver.Version,
	inNodeModules bool) ([]*pulumirpc.PluginDependency, error) {

	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(dir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "reading plugin dir %s", dir)
	}

	var plugins []*pulumirpc.PluginDependency
	var allErrors *multierror.Error
	for _, file := range files {
		name := file.Name()
		curr := filepath.Join(dir, name)

		// Re-stat the directory, in case it is a symlink.
		file, err = os.Stat(curr)
		if err != nil {
			allErrors = multierror.Append(allErrors, err)
			continue
		}
		if file.IsDir() {
			// if a directory, recurse.
			more, err := getPluginsFromDir(
				curr, pulumiPackagePathToVersionMap, inNodeModules || filepath.Base(dir) == "node_modules")
			if err != nil {
				allErrors = multierror.Append(allErrors, err)
				continue
			}
			plugins = append(plugins, more...)
		} else if inNodeModules && name == "package.json" {
			// if a package.json file within a node_modules package, parse it, and see if it's a source of plugins.
			b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(curr)
			if err != nil {
				allErrors = multierror.Append(allErrors, errors.Wrapf(err, "reading package.json %s", curr))
				continue
			}

			var info packageJSON
			if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &info); err != nil {
				allErrors = multierror.Append(allErrors, errors.Wrapf(err, "unmarshaling package.json %s", curr))
				continue
			}

			if info.Name == "@pulumi/pulumi" {
				version, err := semver.Parse(info.Version)
				if err != nil {
					allErrors = multierror.Append(
						allErrors, errors.Wrapf(err, "Could not understand version %s in '%s'", info.Version, curr))
					continue
				}

				pulumiPackagePathToVersionMap[curr] = version
			}

			ok, name, version, server, err := getPackageInfo(info)
			if err != nil {
				allErrors = multierror.Append(allErrors, errors.Wrapf(err, "unmarshaling package.json %s", curr))
			} else if ok {
				plugins = append(plugins, &pulumirpc.PluginDependency{
					Name:    name,
					Kind:    "resource",
					Version: version,
					Server:  server,
				})
			}
		}
	}
	return plugins, allErrors.ErrorOrNil()
}

// packageJSON is the minimal amount of package.json information we care about.
type packageJSON struct {
	Name    string                  `json:"name"`
	Version string                  `json:"version"`
	Pulumi  plugin.PulumiPluginJSON `json:"pulumi"`
}

// getPackageInfo returns a bool indicating whether the given package.json package has an associated Pulumi
// resource provider plugin.  If it does, thre strings are returned, the plugin name, and its semantic version and
// an optional server that can be used to download the plugin (this may be empty, in which case the "default" location
// should be used).
func getPackageInfo(info packageJSON) (bool, string, string, string, error) {
	if info.Pulumi.Resource {
		name, err := getPluginName(info)
		if err != nil {
			return false, "", "", "", err
		}
		version, err := getPluginVersion(info)
		if err != nil {
			return false, "", "", "", err
		}
		return true, name, version, info.Pulumi.Server, nil
	}

	return false, "", "", "", nil
}

// getPluginName takes a parsed package.json file and returns the corresponding Pulumi plugin name.
func getPluginName(info packageJSON) (string, error) {
	// If it's specified in the "pulumi" section, return it as-is.
	if info.Pulumi.Name != "" {
		return info.Pulumi.Name, nil
	}

	// Otherwise, derive it from the top-level package name.
	name := info.Name
	if name == "" {
		return "", errors.New("missing expected \"name\" property")
	}

	// If the name has a @pulumi scope, we will just use its simple name.  Otherwise, we use the fullly scoped name.
	// We do trim the leading @, however, since Pulumi resource providers do not use the same NPM convention.
	if strings.Index(name, "@pulumi/") == 0 {
		return name[strings.IndexRune(name, '/')+1:], nil
	}
	if strings.IndexRune(name, '@') == 0 {
		return name[1:], nil
	}
	return name, nil
}

// getPluginVersion takes a parsed package.json file and returns the semantic version of the Pulumi plugin.
func getPluginVersion(info packageJSON) (string, error) {
	// See if it's specified in the "pulumi" section.
	version := info.Pulumi.Version
	if version == "" {
		// If not, use the top-level package version.
		version = info.Version
		if version == "" {
			return "", errors.New("Missing expected \"version\" property")
		}
	}
	if strings.IndexRune(version, 'v') != 0 {
		return fmt.Sprintf("v%s", version), nil
	}
	return version, nil
}

// When talking to the nodejs runtime we have three parties involved:
//
//  Engine Monitor <==> Language Host (this code) <==> NodeJS sdk runtime.
//
// Instead of having the NodeJS sdk runtime communicating directly with the Engine Monitor, we
// instead have it communicate with us and we send all those messages to the real engine monitor
// itself.  We do that by having ourselves launch our own grpc monitor server and passing the
// address of it to the NodeJS runtime.  As far as the NodeJS sdk runtime is concerned, it is
// communicating directly with the engine.
//
// When NodeJS then communicates back with us over our server, we then forward the messages
// along untouched to the Engine Monitor.  However, we also open an additional *non-grpc*
// channel to allow the sdk runtime to send us messages on.  Specifically, this non-grpc channel
// is used entirely to allow the sdk runtime to make 'invoke' calls in a synchronous fashion.
// This is accomplished by avoiding grpc entirely (which has no facility for synchronous rpc
// calls), and instead operating over a pair of files coordinated between us and the sdk
// runtime. One file is used by it to send us messages, and one file is used by us to send
// messages back.  Because these are just files, nodejs natively supports allowing both sides to
// read and write from each synchronously.
//
// When we receive the sync-invoke messages from the nodejs sdk we deserialize things off of the
// file and then make a synchronous call to the real engine `invoke` monitor endpoint.  Unlike
// nodejs, we have no problem calling this synchronously, and can block until we get the
// response which we can then synchronously send to nodejs.

// RPC endpoint for LanguageRuntimeServer::Run
func (host *nodeLanguageHost) Run(ctx context.Context, req *pulumirpc.RunRequest) (*pulumirpc.RunResponse, error) {
	tracingSpan := opentracing.SpanFromContext(ctx)

	// Make a connection to the real monitor that we will forward messages to.
	conn, err := grpc.Dial(
		req.GetMonitorAddress(),
		grpc.WithInsecure(),
		rpcutil.GrpcChannelOptions(),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Make a client around that connection.  We can then make our own server that will act as a
	// monitor for the sdk and forward to the real monitor.
	target := pulumirpc.NewResourceMonitorClient(conn)

	// Channel to control the server lifetime.  Once `Run` finishes, we'll shutdown the server.
	serverCancel := make(chan bool)
	defer func() {
		serverCancel <- true
		close(serverCancel)
	}()

	// Launch the rpc server giving it the real monitor to forward messages to.
	port, serverDone, err := rpcutil.Serve(0, serverCancel, []func(*grpc.Server) error{
		func(srv *grpc.Server) error {
			pulumirpc.RegisterResourceMonitorServer(srv, &monitorProxy{target})
			return nil
		},
	}, tracingSpan)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Create the pipes we'll use to communicate synchronously with the nodejs process. Once we're
	// done using the pipes clean them up so we don't leave anything around in the user file system.
	pipes, pipesDone, err := createAndServePipes(ctx, target)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Channel producing the final response we want to issue to our caller. Will get the result of
	// the actual nodejs process we launch, or any results caused by errors in our server/pipes.
	responseChannel := make(chan *pulumirpc.RunResponse)
	defer close(responseChannel)

	// Forward any rpc server or pipe errors to our output channel.
	go func() {
		err := <-serverDone
		if err != nil {
			responseChannel <- &pulumirpc.RunResponse{Error: err.Error()}
		}
	}()
	go func() {
		err := <-pipesDone
		if err != nil {
			responseChannel <- &pulumirpc.RunResponse{Error: err.Error()}
		}
	}()

	// now, launch the nodejs process and actually run the user code in it.
	go host.execNodejs(responseChannel, req, fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", port), pipes.directory())

	// Wait for one of our launched goroutines to signal that we're done.  This might be our proxy
	// (in the case of errors), or the launched nodejs completing (either successfully, or with
	// errors).
	return <-responseChannel, nil
}

// Launch the nodejs process and wait for it to complete.  Report success or any errors using the
// `responseChannel` arg.
func (host *nodeLanguageHost) execNodejs(
	responseChannel chan<- *pulumirpc.RunResponse, req *pulumirpc.RunRequest,
	address, pipesDirectory string) {

	// Actually launch nodejs and process the result of it into an appropriate response object.
	response := func() *pulumirpc.RunResponse {
		args := host.constructArguments(req, address, pipesDirectory)
		config, err := host.constructConfig(req)
		if err != nil {
			err = errors.Wrap(err, "failed to serialize configuration")
			return &pulumirpc.RunResponse{Error: err.Error()}
		}

		env := os.Environ()
		env = append(env, pulumiConfigVar+"="+config)

		if host.typescript {
			env = append(env, "PULUMI_NODEJS_TYPESCRIPT=true")
		}

		if logging.V(5) {
			commandStr := strings.Join(args, " ")
			logging.V(5).Infoln("Language host launching process: ", host.nodeBin, commandStr)
		}

		// Now simply spawn a process to execute the requested program, wiring up stdout/stderr directly.
		var errResult string
		// #nosec G204
		cmd := exec.Command(host.nodeBin, args...)
		cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
		cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
		cmd.Env = env

		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
			// NodeJS stdout is complicated enough that we should explicitly flush stdout and stderr here. NodeJS does
			// process writes using console.out and console.err synchronously, but it does not process writes using
			// `process.stdout.write` or `process.stderr.write` synchronously, and it is possible that there exist unflushed
			// writes on those file descriptors at the time that the Node process exits.
			//
			// Because of this, we explicitly flush stdout and stderr so that we are absolutely sure that we capture any
			// error messages in the engine.
			contract.IgnoreError(os.Stdout.Sync())
			contract.IgnoreError(os.Stderr.Sync())
			if exiterr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
				// If the program ran, but exited with a non-zero error code.  This will happen often,
				// since user errors will trigger this.  So, the error message should look as nice as
				// possible.
				switch code := exiterr.ExitCode(); code {
				case 0:
					// This really shouldn't happen, but if it does, we don't want to render "non-zero exit code"
					err = errors.Wrapf(exiterr, "Program exited unexpectedly")
				case nodeJSProcessExitedAfterShowingUserActionableMessage:
					// Check if we got special exit code that means "we already gave the user an
					// actionable message". In that case, we can simply bail out and terminate `pulumi`
					// without showing any more messages.
					return &pulumirpc.RunResponse{Error: "", Bail: true}
				default:
					err = errors.Errorf("Program exited with non-zero exit code: %d", code)
				}
			} else {
				// Otherwise, we didn't even get to run the program.  This ought to never happen unless there's
				// a bug or system condition that prevented us from running the language exec.  Issue a scarier error.
				err = errors.Wrapf(err, "Problem executing program (could not run language executor)")
			}

			errResult = err.Error()
		}

		return &pulumirpc.RunResponse{Error: errResult}
	}()

	// notify our caller of the response we got from the nodejs process.  Note: this is done
	// unilaterally. this is how we signal to nodeLanguageHost.Run that we are done and it can
	// return to its caller.
	responseChannel <- response
}

// constructArguments constructs a command-line for `pulumi-language-nodejs`
// by enumerating all of the optional and non-optional arguments present
// in a RunRequest.
func (host *nodeLanguageHost) constructArguments(req *pulumirpc.RunRequest, address, pipesDirectory string) []string {
	args := []string{host.runPath}
	maybeAppendArg := func(k, v string) {
		if v != "" {
			args = append(args, "--"+k, v)
		}
	}

	maybeAppendArg("monitor", address)
	maybeAppendArg("engine", host.engineAddress)
	maybeAppendArg("sync", pipesDirectory)
	maybeAppendArg("project", req.GetProject())
	maybeAppendArg("stack", req.GetStack())
	maybeAppendArg("pwd", req.GetPwd())
	if req.GetDryRun() {
		args = append(args, "--dry-run")
	}

	maybeAppendArg("query-mode", fmt.Sprint(req.GetQueryMode()))
	maybeAppendArg("parallel", fmt.Sprint(req.GetParallel()))
	maybeAppendArg("tracing", host.tracing)
	if req.GetProgram() == "" {
		// If the program path is empty, just use "."; this will cause Node to try to load the default module
		// file, by default ./index.js, but possibly overridden in the "main" element inside of package.json.
		args = append(args, ".")
	} else {
		args = append(args, req.GetProgram())
	}

	args = append(args, req.GetArgs()...)
	return args
}

// constructConfig JSON-serializes the configuration data given as part of
// a RunRequest.
func (host *nodeLanguageHost) constructConfig(req *pulumirpc.RunRequest) (string, error) {
	configMap := req.GetConfig()
	if configMap == nil {
		return "{}", nil
	}

	// While we transition from the old format for config keys (<package>:config:<name> to <package>:<name>), we want
	// to support the newest version of the langhost running older packages, so the config bag we present to them looks
	// like the old world. Newer versions of the @pulumi/pulumi package handle both formats and when we stop supporting
	// older versions, we can remove this code.
	transformedConfig := make(map[string]string, len(configMap))
	for k, v := range configMap {
		pk, err := config.ParseKey(k)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		transformedConfig[pk.Namespace()+":config:"+pk.Name()] = v
	}

	configJSON, err := json.Marshal(transformedConfig)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return string(configJSON), nil
}

func (host *nodeLanguageHost) GetPluginInfo(ctx context.Context, req *pbempty.Empty) (*pulumirpc.PluginInfo, error) {
	return &pulumirpc.PluginInfo{
		Version: version.Version,
	}, nil
}