interface.go

/*
Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package net

import (
	"bufio"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"os"

	"strings"

	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
)

type AddressFamily uint

const (
	familyIPv4 AddressFamily = 4
	familyIPv6 AddressFamily = 6
)

type AddressFamilyPreference []AddressFamily

var (
	preferIPv4 = AddressFamilyPreference{familyIPv4, familyIPv6}
	preferIPv6 = AddressFamilyPreference{familyIPv6, familyIPv4}
)

const (
	// LoopbackInterfaceName is the default name of the loopback interface
	LoopbackInterfaceName = "lo"
)

const (
	ipv4RouteFile = "/proc/net/route"
	ipv6RouteFile = "/proc/net/ipv6_route"
)

type Route struct {
	Interface   string
	Destination net.IP
	Gateway     net.IP
	Family      AddressFamily
}

type RouteFile struct {
	name  string
	parse func(input io.Reader) ([]Route, error)
}

// noRoutesError can be returned in case of no routes
type noRoutesError struct {
	message string
}

func (e noRoutesError) Error() string {
	return e.message
}

// IsNoRoutesError checks if an error is of type noRoutesError
func IsNoRoutesError(err error) bool {
	if err == nil {
		return false
	}
	switch err.(type) {
	case noRoutesError:
		return true
	default:
		return false
	}
}

var (
	v4File = RouteFile{name: ipv4RouteFile, parse: getIPv4DefaultRoutes}
	v6File = RouteFile{name: ipv6RouteFile, parse: getIPv6DefaultRoutes}
)

func (rf RouteFile) extract() ([]Route, error) {
	file, err := os.Open(rf.name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer file.Close()
	return rf.parse(file)
}

// getIPv4DefaultRoutes obtains the IPv4 routes, and filters out non-default routes.
func getIPv4DefaultRoutes(input io.Reader) ([]Route, error) {
	routes := []Route{}
	scanner := bufio.NewReader(input)
	for {
		line, err := scanner.ReadString('\n')
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		//ignore the headers in the route info
		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Iface") {
			continue
		}
		fields := strings.Fields(line)
		// Interested in fields:
		//  0 - interface name
		//  1 - destination address
		//  2 - gateway
		dest, err := parseIP(fields[1], familyIPv4)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		gw, err := parseIP(fields[2], familyIPv4)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if !dest.Equal(net.IPv4zero) {
			continue
		}
		routes = append(routes, Route{
			Interface:   fields[0],
			Destination: dest,
			Gateway:     gw,
			Family:      familyIPv4,
		})
	}
	return routes, nil
}

func getIPv6DefaultRoutes(input io.Reader) ([]Route, error) {
	routes := []Route{}
	scanner := bufio.NewReader(input)
	for {
		line, err := scanner.ReadString('\n')
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		fields := strings.Fields(line)
		// Interested in fields:
		//  0 - destination address
		//  4 - gateway
		//  9 - interface name
		dest, err := parseIP(fields[0], familyIPv6)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		gw, err := parseIP(fields[4], familyIPv6)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if !dest.Equal(net.IPv6zero) {
			continue
		}
		if gw.Equal(net.IPv6zero) {
			continue // loopback
		}
		routes = append(routes, Route{
			Interface:   fields[9],
			Destination: dest,
			Gateway:     gw,
			Family:      familyIPv6,
		})
	}
	return routes, nil
}

// parseIP takes the hex IP address string from route file and converts it
// to a net.IP address. For IPv4, the value must be converted to big endian.
func parseIP(str string, family AddressFamily) (net.IP, error) {
	if str == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("input is nil")
	}
	bytes, err := hex.DecodeString(str)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if family == familyIPv4 {
		if len(bytes) != net.IPv4len {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 address in route")
		}
		return net.IP([]byte{bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]}), nil
	}
	// Must be IPv6
	if len(bytes) != net.IPv6len {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 address in route")
	}
	return net.IP(bytes), nil
}

func isInterfaceUp(intf *net.Interface) bool {
	if intf == nil {
		return false
	}
	if intf.Flags&net.FlagUp != 0 {
		klog.V(4).Infof("Interface %v is up", intf.Name)
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func isLoopbackOrPointToPoint(intf *net.Interface) bool {
	return intf.Flags&(net.FlagLoopback|net.FlagPointToPoint) != 0
}

// getMatchingGlobalIP returns the first valid global unicast address of the given
// 'family' from the list of 'addrs'.
func getMatchingGlobalIP(addrs []net.Addr, family AddressFamily) (net.IP, error) {
	if len(addrs) > 0 {
		for i := range addrs {
			klog.V(4).Infof("Checking addr  %s.", addrs[i].String())
			ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addrs[i].String())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if memberOf(ip, family) {
				if ip.IsGlobalUnicast() {
					klog.V(4).Infof("IP found %v", ip)
					return ip, nil
				} else {
					klog.V(4).Infof("Non-global unicast address found %v", ip)
				}
			} else {
				klog.V(4).Infof("%v is not an IPv%d address", ip, int(family))
			}

		}
	}
	return nil, nil
}

// getIPFromInterface gets the IPs on an interface and returns a global unicast address, if any. The
// interface must be up, the IP must in the family requested, and the IP must be a global unicast address.
func getIPFromInterface(intfName string, forFamily AddressFamily, nw networkInterfacer) (net.IP, error) {
	intf, err := nw.InterfaceByName(intfName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if isInterfaceUp(intf) {
		addrs, err := nw.Addrs(intf)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		klog.V(4).Infof("Interface %q has %d addresses :%v.", intfName, len(addrs), addrs)
		matchingIP, err := getMatchingGlobalIP(addrs, forFamily)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if matchingIP != nil {
			klog.V(4).Infof("Found valid IPv%d address %v for interface %q.", int(forFamily), matchingIP, intfName)
			return matchingIP, nil
		}
	}
	return nil, nil
}

// getIPFromLoopbackInterface gets the IPs on a loopback interface and returns a global unicast address, if any.
// The loopback interface must be up, the IP must in the family requested, and the IP must be a global unicast address.
func getIPFromLoopbackInterface(forFamily AddressFamily, nw networkInterfacer) (net.IP, error) {
	intfs, err := nw.Interfaces()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, intf := range intfs {
		if !isInterfaceUp(&intf) {
			continue
		}
		if intf.Flags&(net.FlagLoopback) != 0 {
			addrs, err := nw.Addrs(&intf)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			klog.V(4).Infof("Interface %q has %d addresses :%v.", intf.Name, len(addrs), addrs)
			matchingIP, err := getMatchingGlobalIP(addrs, forFamily)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if matchingIP != nil {
				klog.V(4).Infof("Found valid IPv%d address %v for interface %q.", int(forFamily), matchingIP, intf.Name)
				return matchingIP, nil
			}
		}
	}
	return nil, nil
}

// memberOf tells if the IP is of the desired family. Used for checking interface addresses.
func memberOf(ip net.IP, family AddressFamily) bool {
	if ip.To4() != nil {
		return family == familyIPv4
	} else {
		return family == familyIPv6
	}
}

// chooseIPFromHostInterfaces looks at all system interfaces, trying to find one that is up that
// has a global unicast address (non-loopback, non-link local, non-point2point), and returns the IP.
// addressFamilies determines whether it prefers IPv4 or IPv6
func chooseIPFromHostInterfaces(nw networkInterfacer, addressFamilies AddressFamilyPreference) (net.IP, error) {
	intfs, err := nw.Interfaces()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(intfs) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no interfaces found on host.")
	}
	for _, family := range addressFamilies {
		klog.V(4).Infof("Looking for system interface with a global IPv%d address", uint(family))
		for _, intf := range intfs {
			if !isInterfaceUp(&intf) {
				klog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: down interface %q", intf.Name)
				continue
			}
			if isLoopbackOrPointToPoint(&intf) {
				klog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: LB or P2P interface %q", intf.Name)
				continue
			}
			addrs, err := nw.Addrs(&intf)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if len(addrs) == 0 {
				klog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: no addresses on interface %q", intf.Name)
				continue
			}
			for _, addr := range addrs {
				ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr.String())
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to parse CIDR for interface %q: %s", intf.Name, err)
				}
				if !memberOf(ip, family) {
					klog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: no address family match for %q on interface %q.", ip, intf.Name)
					continue
				}
				// TODO: Decide if should open up to allow IPv6 LLAs in future.
				if !ip.IsGlobalUnicast() {
					klog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: non-global address %q on interface %q.", ip, intf.Name)
					continue
				}
				klog.V(4).Infof("Found global unicast address %q on interface %q.", ip, intf.Name)
				return ip, nil
			}
		}
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no acceptable interface with global unicast address found on host")
}

// ChooseHostInterface is a method used fetch an IP for a daemon.
// If there is no routing info file, it will choose a global IP from the system
// interfaces. Otherwise, it will use IPv4 and IPv6 route information to return the
// IP of the interface with a gateway on it (with priority given to IPv4). For a node
// with no internet connection, it returns error.
func ChooseHostInterface() (net.IP, error) {
	return chooseHostInterface(preferIPv4)
}

func chooseHostInterface(addressFamilies AddressFamilyPreference) (net.IP, error) {
	var nw networkInterfacer = networkInterface{}
	if _, err := os.Stat(ipv4RouteFile); os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return chooseIPFromHostInterfaces(nw, addressFamilies)
	}
	routes, err := getAllDefaultRoutes()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return chooseHostInterfaceFromRoute(routes, nw, addressFamilies)
}

// networkInterfacer defines an interface for several net library functions. Production
// code will forward to net library functions, and unit tests will override the methods
// for testing purposes.
type networkInterfacer interface {
	InterfaceByName(intfName string) (*net.Interface, error)
	Addrs(intf *net.Interface) ([]net.Addr, error)
	Interfaces() ([]net.Interface, error)
}

// networkInterface implements the networkInterfacer interface for production code, just
// wrapping the underlying net library function calls.
type networkInterface struct{}

func (_ networkInterface) InterfaceByName(intfName string) (*net.Interface, error) {
	return net.InterfaceByName(intfName)
}

func (_ networkInterface) Addrs(intf *net.Interface) ([]net.Addr, error) {
	return intf.Addrs()
}

func (_ networkInterface) Interfaces() ([]net.Interface, error) {
	return net.Interfaces()
}

// getAllDefaultRoutes obtains IPv4 and IPv6 default routes on the node. If unable
// to read the IPv4 routing info file, we return an error. If unable to read the IPv6
// routing info file (which is optional), we'll just use the IPv4 route information.
// Using all the routing info, if no default routes are found, an error is returned.
func getAllDefaultRoutes() ([]Route, error) {
	routes, err := v4File.extract()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	v6Routes, _ := v6File.extract()
	routes = append(routes, v6Routes...)
	if len(routes) == 0 {
		return nil, noRoutesError{
			message: fmt.Sprintf("no default routes found in %q or %q", v4File.name, v6File.name),
		}
	}
	return routes, nil
}

// chooseHostInterfaceFromRoute cycles through each default route provided, looking for a
// global IP address from the interface for the route. If there are routes but no global
// address is obtained from the interfaces, it checks if the loopback interface has a global address.
// addressFamilies determines whether it prefers IPv4 or IPv6
func chooseHostInterfaceFromRoute(routes []Route, nw networkInterfacer, addressFamilies AddressFamilyPreference) (net.IP, error) {
	for _, family := range addressFamilies {
		klog.V(4).Infof("Looking for default routes with IPv%d addresses", uint(family))
		for _, route := range routes {
			if route.Family != family {
				continue
			}
			klog.V(4).Infof("Default route transits interface %q", route.Interface)
			finalIP, err := getIPFromInterface(route.Interface, family, nw)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if finalIP != nil {
				klog.V(4).Infof("Found active IP %v ", finalIP)
				return finalIP, nil
			}
			// In case of network setups where default routes are present, but network
			// interfaces use only link-local addresses (e.g. as described in RFC5549).
			// the global IP is assigned to the loopback interface, and we should use it
			loopbackIP, err := getIPFromLoopbackInterface(family, nw)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if loopbackIP != nil {
				klog.V(4).Infof("Found active IP %v on Loopback interface", loopbackIP)
				return loopbackIP, nil
			}
		}
	}
	klog.V(4).Infof("No active IP found by looking at default routes")
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to select an IP from default routes.")
}

// ResolveBindAddress returns the IP address of a daemon, based on the given bindAddress:
// If bindAddress is unset, it returns the host's default IP, as with ChooseHostInterface().
// If bindAddress is unspecified or loopback, it returns the default IP of the same
// address family as bindAddress.
// Otherwise, it just returns bindAddress.
func ResolveBindAddress(bindAddress net.IP) (net.IP, error) {
	addressFamilies := preferIPv4
	if bindAddress != nil && memberOf(bindAddress, familyIPv6) {
		addressFamilies = preferIPv6
	}

	if bindAddress == nil || bindAddress.IsUnspecified() || bindAddress.IsLoopback() {
		hostIP, err := chooseHostInterface(addressFamilies)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		bindAddress = hostIP
	}
	return bindAddress, nil
}

// ChooseBindAddressForInterface choose a global IP for a specific interface, with priority given to IPv4.
// This is required in case of network setups where default routes are present, but network
// interfaces use only link-local addresses (e.g. as described in RFC5549).
// e.g when using BGP to announce a host IP over link-local ip addresses and this ip address is attached to the lo interface.
func ChooseBindAddressForInterface(intfName string) (net.IP, error) {
	var nw networkInterfacer = networkInterface{}
	for _, family := range preferIPv4 {
		ip, err := getIPFromInterface(intfName, family, nw)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if ip != nil {
			return ip, nil
		}
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to select an IP from %s network interface", intfName)
}