Backdoor path

[asha24choudhary]

Hi. I have the following causal graph (chain structure).

According to my knowledge, there is no backdoor path. But when I do model.identify_effect, it shows that there is a backdoor path. Please see it in the following figure. Although, the backdoor set is empty, which is the variable or the set of variables that should be conditioned on block the backdoor path afaik. I do not understand why it says that there is a backdoor on the first place. Please find it in this pic.

Also if I rearrange the chain structure into this one

And again identify the effect, I still get backdoor expression which you can see here

Could you please explain me what am I missing?

Thank you in advance!

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[amit-sharma]

@asha24choudhary The identify_effect provides you the formula for estimating causal effect using the backdoor criterion.
In your example, the backdoor variables set is empty. That's what is shown in the output too. But the null set is still a valid backdoor set and therefore you can use the null set in any downstream estimator to estimate the causal effect.

short answer: If the estimand only shows Y and X but no other conditioning variables, then there is no backdoor path (as you said) and hence the causal effect can be computed directly as E[Y|X].

[asha24choudhary]

Thank you so much @amit-sharma for your explanation.