derivatives.yaml

# Defines derivative formulas and Python signatures of methods on Variable
#
# Note about possibly confusing nomenclature: An 'output gradient' is the
# gradient of an output of a forward function. Output gradients are used as
# the inputs to backward functions. `grads` is a vector of output gradients,
# and `grad == grads[0]`, in all the derivative formulas in this file.
# An 'input gradient' is the gradient of an input to a forward function.
# Input gradients are the outputs of backward functions, corresponding to the
# input names included in the derivative formulas defined in this file.
#
# Each entry consists of:
#   - A 'name', which specifies the ATen name of the function you
#     are defining derivatives for, and an argument specification.
#   - One or more gradients entries, mapping differentiable input
#     names to a formula specifying how to compute its gradient.
#     Note that a single gradient entry can specify the gradient
#     formula for multiple input names, by specifying a key
#     "input1, input2" (see atan2 for an example).
#   - An argument can be flagged as 'non_differentiable'.
#     In general there are 3 possibilities:
#       1. An argument has an entry with a specified gradient
#       2. An argument has an entry specified as not differentiable
#       3. An argument has no entry
#     Using the flag 'non_differentiable' resolves to the second case.
#     The second case was introduced in support for arguments of
#     type e.g. IndexTensor for 'embedding', that are not differentiable.
#     TODO: Determine whether case 3 and case 2 can be replaced by one concept.
#   - Optional entry with key 'output_differentiability' and value a list of the
#     same length as the number of outputs from the forward function. The list
#     should contain only booleans, specifying whether each of the output Tensor
#     is differentiable.
#     If it is not specified for a function that returns multiple elements but
#     uses `grad` instead of `grads[idx]`, then all but the first output will
#     be marked as non-differentiable.
#     If None of the output is differentiable, you can also add the function
#     name to `gen_variable_type.py`'s `DONT_REQUIRE_DERIVATIVE` list.
#
# If a function has out-of-place and in-place variants, then the derivative
# definition for the in-place variant is optional. It will default to the
# definition for the out-of-place variant. Similarly, _out variants will
# default to the derivative for the non _out variant.
#
# Gradient expressions are standard C++ expressions operating on ATen
# variables.  In a gradient expression, the following variables are in
# scope:
#
#   - 'grad', the gradient of the output (often spelled grad_output
#     in Python) which we are going to left-multiply.
#
#     When a function returns multiple *differentiable* outputs,
#     you can refer to the gradients of each outputs using 'grads',
#     e.g., 'grads[0]', 'grads[1]'.
#
#     When a function returns *one* differentiable output (the
#     first output) and some more nondifferentiable outputs,
#     you MUST refer to the gradient of the differentiable output with
#     'grad' (this case is special-cased in our code generation).
#
#     Note that the number of differentibale outputs can be modified by the
#     'output_differentiability' entry (see above).
#
#   - Any of the input arguments, tensor or non-tensor, including
#     argument names that only appear in Declarations.yaml, e.g. 'output'.
#
#   - 'result', representing the result of evaluating the forward
#     expression for ATen native function declarations. If the forward
#     expression outputs a tuple, use 'resultX' instead to access the
#     X-th entry
#
#   - 'grad_input_mask', a std::array<bool, n>, specifies which input
#     gradients are actually needed.  For example, in the entry
#     `input0, input1: foo(grad_input_mask)`, `grad_input_mask` is a size
#     two array, where `grad_input_mask[0]` is true if `input0` requires
#     grad, and `grad_input_mask[1]` is true if `input1` requires grad.
#
#     (NB: if your function computes gradient for a list of tensors,
#     the `grad_input_mask` will only have a single entry for the list
#     specifying if either zero or at least one tensor from the list requires
#     grad.  If we want to support more fine-grained signalling,
#     we'll need some alternate variable which is not a std::array)
#
#   - 'retain_variables', a bool which is true if a user has specified
#     that saved variables should be retained in case the backwards is
#     run again later.  This allows an optimization where we can
#     destroy saved buffers if we know variables are not going to be retained,
#     e.g., it is used by _cudnn_rnn
#
# If you need a complex expression, e.g., with local variables,
# write a _backward function in tools/autograd/templates/Functions.cpp
# and invoke it from here.  By the way, go read
# https://github.com/zdevito/ATen/issues/163; this describes an
# important hazard that occurs when porting backwards from Python to C++
#
# Double backwards gradient expressions can be somewhat confusing;
# the most important thing to remember is: (1) you need to define a
# derivative formula for every input, including inputs named things
# like 'grad_output', and (2) the gradient to multiply with is always
# called 'grad' (even though it really is a grad-grad).
#
# NB: There are a number of gradient definitions in here which are bogus
# (implemented using zeros_like).  These gradients are (hopefully) not
# used by our frontend.  You MUST check the frontend code; search for
# OpName.apply to see if it's still using a legacy Python style API.
#
# Note: Returning views.
# The following cases exist:
#     - If a function returns no view, it can have arbitrary outputs.
#     - If a function return at least one Tensor that is a differentiable view
#       of one of its input:
#         - If there is only one differentiable output, this Tensor is marked as a
#           differentiable view. (alias or transpose for example)
#         - If there are more than one differentiable output, by default all the views are
#           marked as differentiable views and created with allow_rebase_history=false.
#           Meaning that any inplace operation on it will raise an error. (unbind for example)
#
#  Notes about undefined output gradients:
#     All backward functions must support all combinations of undefined output
#     gradient Tensors, where `grad[i].defined() == false`. Depending on the
#     number of input and output grads your derivative formula uses, code
#     generation may automatically add some level of undefined grad support,
#     according to these three cases:
#
#       * 1 input grad and 1 output grad:
#           Complete undefined grad support is automatically added, so you
#           shouldn't have to think about it, unless there is a bug in the code
#           generation.
#
#       * 1 input grad and multiple output grads:
#           Undefined grad support is automatically added ONLY in the case where
#           all output grads are undefined. You will have to add explicit support
#           for cases where a subset of output grads is undefined.
#
#       * multiple input grads:
#           No automatic support, so you will need to add it.
#
#     If your derivative formula uses more than one output grad, it is usually
#     preferable to add undefined grad support in the backward function itself
#     (if you're using one), rather than in the derivative formula in this file.
#
#     Undefined Tensors are created with the default constructor `at::Tensor()`.
#     It is an efficient way to represent a Tensor filled with zeros because
#     the Tensor holds no sizing information and no Storage data is allocated.
#     But consequentially, Tensor operations cannot be performed on them.
#     Therefore, your backward function should treat an undefined output grad as
#     a zero, and it needs to be a special case.
#
#     If all output grads are undefined, then it should be correct for the
#     backward function to return undefined input grads. Since we use the chain
#     rule, output grads equal to zero should result in input grads equal to zero,
#     unless there is some rare special case.
#
#     If a subset of output grads is undefined, then it may be acceptable for
#     the backward function to return undefined input grads--it depends on the
#     specific function, so you'll have to determine that yourself. If returning
#     an undefined Tensor is correct for a given input grad, it is also logically
#     correct to return a defined grad full of zeros, but that would not be
#     preferable since it would be less efficient.
#
# NB: The parameter names here MUST be consistent with the parameter names
# in Decalarations.yaml
- name: abs(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * self.sgn()

- name: acos(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * -((-self * self + 1).rsqrt())

- name: add.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other, *, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: grad
  other: maybe_multiply(grad, alpha)

- name: add.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: addbmm(Tensor self, Tensor batch1, Tensor batch2, *, Scalar beta=1, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: maybe_multiply(grad, beta)
  batch1: grad.unsqueeze(0).expand({ batch1.size(0), batch1.size(1), batch2.size(2) }).bmm(batch2.transpose(1, 2)) * alpha
  batch2: batch1.transpose(1, 2).bmm(grad.unsqueeze(0).expand({ batch1.size(0), batch1.size(1), batch2.size(2) })) * alpha

- name: addcdiv(Tensor self, Tensor tensor1, Tensor tensor2, *, Scalar value=1) -> Tensor
  self: grad
  tensor1: grad * value / tensor2
  tensor2: -grad * value * tensor1 / (tensor2 * tensor2)

- name: addcmul(Tensor self, Tensor tensor1, Tensor tensor2, *, Scalar value=1) -> Tensor
  self: grad
  tensor1: grad * tensor2 * value
  tensor2: grad * tensor1 * value

- name: addmm(Tensor self, Tensor mat1, Tensor mat2, *, Scalar beta=1, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: maybe_multiply(grad, beta)
  mat1: mm_mat1_backward(grad, mat2, mat1, alpha)
  mat2: mm_mat2_backward(grad, mat1, mat2.sizes(), mat2.strides(), alpha)

- name: _sparse_addmm(Tensor self, Tensor sparse, Tensor dense, *, Scalar beta=1, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: maybe_multiply(grad, beta)
  sparse: _sparse_addmm_sparse_backward(grad, sparse, dense, alpha)
  dense: mm_mat2_backward(grad, sparse, dense.sizes(), dense.strides(), alpha)

- name: addmv(Tensor self, Tensor mat, Tensor vec, *, Scalar beta=1, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: maybe_multiply(grad, beta)
  mat: grad.ger(vec) * alpha
  vec: mat.t().mv(grad) * alpha

- name: addr(Tensor self, Tensor vec1, Tensor vec2, *, Scalar beta=1, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: maybe_multiply(grad, beta)
  vec1: grad.mv(vec2) * alpha
  vec2: grad.t().mv(vec1) * alpha

- name: affine_grid_generator(Tensor theta, int[] size, bool align_corners) -> Tensor
  theta: affine_grid_generator_backward(grad, size, align_corners)

- name: alias(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  self: grad

- name: angle(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad.to(self.scalar_type()) * (self*Scalar(c10::complex<double>{0.0, 1.0})).conj() / self.abs().pow(2)

# The four items below are necessary because TensorIterator doesn't work on
# Variables (codegen does not unwrap the input Tensor for all() and any() ).
- name: any(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("any")

- name: any.dim(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("any")

- name: all(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("all")

- name: all.dim(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("all")

- name: acosh(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (self.pow(2) - 1).rsqrt()

- name: acosh_(Tensor(a!) self) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: not_implemented("inplace version of acosh")

- name: asinh(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (self.pow(2) + 1).rsqrt()

- name: asinh_(Tensor(a!) self) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: not_implemented("inplace version of asinh")

- name: atanh(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * 1 / (1 - self.pow(2))

- name: atanh_(Tensor(a!) self) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: not_implemented("inplace version of atanh")

- name: as_strided(Tensor(a) self, int[] size, int[] stride, int? storage_offset=None) -> Tensor(a)
  self: as_strided_backward(grad, TensorGeometry(self), size, stride, storage_offset)

- name: asin(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (-self * self + 1).rsqrt()

- name: atan(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad / (self * self + 1)

- name: atan2(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self, other: atan2_backward(grad, self, other, grad_input_mask)

- name: baddbmm(Tensor self, Tensor batch1, Tensor batch2, *, Scalar beta=1, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: maybe_multiply(grad, beta)
  batch1: grad.bmm(batch2.transpose(1, 2)) * alpha
  batch2: batch1.transpose(1, 2).bmm(grad) * alpha

- name: bernoulli(Tensor self, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: bernoulli_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor p, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)
  p: zeros_like(p)

- name: bernoulli_.float(Tensor(a!) self, float p=0.5, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: bmm(Tensor self, Tensor mat2) -> Tensor
  self: grad.bmm(mat2.transpose(1, 2))
  mat2: self.transpose(1, 2).bmm(grad)

- name: _bmm(Tensor self, Tensor mat2, *, bool deterministic=False) -> Tensor
  self: at::_bmm(grad, mat2.transpose(1, 2), deterministic)
  mat2: at::_bmm(self.transpose(1, 2), grad, deterministic)

- name: cat(Tensor[] tensors, int dim=0) -> Tensor
  tensors: cat_tensors_backward(grad, to_args_sizes(tensors), dim)

- name: cauchy_(Tensor(a!) self, float median=0, float sigma=1, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: ceil(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: cholesky(Tensor self, bool upper=False) -> Tensor
  self: cholesky_backward(grad, upper, result)

- name: cholesky_solve(Tensor self, Tensor input2, bool upper=False) -> Tensor
  self, input2: cholesky_solve_backward(grad, self, input2, result, upper)

- name: cholesky_inverse(Tensor self, bool upper=False) -> Tensor
  self: cholesky_inverse_backward(grad, self, upper, result)

- name: fbgemm_linear_int8_weight_fp32_activation(Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor packed, Tensor col_offsets, Scalar weight_scale, Scalar weight_zero_point, Tensor bias) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("fbgemm_linear_int8_weight_fp32_activation only supported for inference")

- name: fbgemm_linear_int8_weight(Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor packed, Tensor col_offsets, Scalar weight_scale, Scalar weight_zero_point, Tensor bias) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("fbgemm_linear_int8_weight only supported for inference")

- name: fbgemm_linear_fp16_weight_fp32_activation(Tensor input, Tensor packed_weight, Tensor bias) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("fbgemm_linear_fp16_weight_fp32_activation only supported for inference")

- name: fbgemm_linear_fp16_weight(Tensor input, Tensor packed_weight, Tensor bias) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("fbgemm_linear_fp16_weight only supported for inference")

# For clamp, gradient is not defined at the boundaries. But empirically it's helpful
# to be able to get gradient on min and max, so we return the subgradient 1 for these cases.
- name: clamp(Tensor self, Scalar? min=None, Scalar? max=None) -> Tensor
  self: clamp_backward(grad, self, min, max)

- name: clamp_min(Tensor self, Scalar min) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (self >= min).to(grad.dtype())

- name: clamp_max(Tensor self, Scalar max) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (self <= max).to(grad.dtype())

- name: clone(Tensor self, *, MemoryFormat? memory_format=None) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: coalesce(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: complex(Tensor real, Tensor imag) -> Tensor
  real: at::real(grad)
  imag: at::imag(grad)

- name: polar(Tensor abs, Tensor angle) -> Tensor
  abs: not_implemented("polar abs")
  angle: not_implemented("polar angle")

- name: _conj(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad.conj()

- name: copysign.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: copysign_tensor_backward(grad, self, other)
  other: non_differentiable

- name: copysign.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  self: copysign_tensor_backward(grad, self, at::scalar_to_tensor(other))

- name: cos(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * -self.sin().conj()

- name: cosh(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * self.sinh().conj()

- name: count_nonzero.dim_IntList(Tensor self, int[] dim) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("count_nonzero")

- name: count_nonzero(Tensor self, int? dim=None) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("count_nonzero")

- name: cross(Tensor self, Tensor other, int? dim=None) -> Tensor
  self: other.cross(grad, dim)
  other: grad.cross(self, dim)

- name: logcumsumexp(Tensor self, int dim) -> Tensor
  self: logcumsumexp_backward(grad, self, result, dim)

- name: cumprod(Tensor self, int dim, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: cumprod_backward(grad.to(self.scalar_type()), self, dim)

- name: cumsum(Tensor self, int dim, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: cumsum_backward(grad.to(self.scalar_type()), dim)

- name: cummax(Tensor self, int dim) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: cummaxmin_backward(grad, self, indices, dim)

- name: cummin(Tensor self, int dim) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: cummaxmin_backward(grad, self, indices, dim)

- name: conv_tbc(Tensor self, Tensor weight, Tensor bias, int pad=0) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? conv_tbc_backward(grad, self, weight, bias, pad) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: _ctc_loss(Tensor log_probs, Tensor targets, int[] input_lengths, int[] target_lengths, int blank=0, bool zero_infinity=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  log_probs: _ctc_loss_backward(grad, log_probs, targets, input_lengths, target_lengths, result0, result1, blank, zero_infinity)

- name: deg2rad(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: deg2rad_backward(grad)

- name: det(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: det_backward(grad, self, result)

- name: diag(Tensor self, int diagonal=0) -> Tensor
  self: diag_backward(grad, self.sizes(), diagonal)

- name: diagonal(Tensor(a) self, int offset=0, int dim1=0, int dim2=1) -> Tensor(a)
  self: diagonal_backward(grad, self.sizes(), offset, dim1, dim2)

- name: dist(Tensor self, Tensor other, Scalar p=2) -> Tensor
  self: norm_backward(grad, self - other, p, result)
  other: -norm_backward(grad, self - other, p, result)

# The backward formula is done in this order to improve numerical stability
# of the higher order derivatives, see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/43414
# Note that we don't use "result" because saving it would be BC-breaking when it is used in an inplace operation later
- name: div.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: div_tensor_self_backward(grad, other, self.scalar_type())
  other: div_tensor_other_backward(grad, self, other)

- name: div.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  self: div_tensor_self_backward(grad, at::scalar_to_tensor(other), self.scalar_type())

- name: dot(Tensor self, Tensor tensor) -> Tensor
  self: handle_r_to_c(self.scalar_type(), grad * tensor.conj())
  tensor: handle_r_to_c(tensor.scalar_type(), grad * self.conj())

- name: vdot(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: handle_r_to_c(self.scalar_type(), grad.conj() * other)
  other: handle_r_to_c(other.scalar_type(), grad * self)

- name: _fused_dropout(Tensor self, float p, Generator? generator=None) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: _fused_dropout_backward(grad, result1, p)

- name: eig(Tensor self, bool eigenvectors=False) -> (Tensor eigenvalues, Tensor eigenvectors)
  self: eig_backward(grads, self, eigenvectors, eigenvalues, eigenvectors_return)

- name: eq_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: eq_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  other: zeros_like(other)

- name: erf(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: 2.0 / sqrt(M_PI) * exp(-(self.pow(2))) * grad

- name: erfc(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: -2.0 / sqrt(M_PI) * exp(-(self.pow(2))) * grad

- name: erfinv(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: 0.5 * sqrt(M_PI) * exp(self.erfinv().pow(2)) * grad

- name: exp(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * result

- name: exp2(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * result * M_LN2

- name: expm1(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (result + 1)

- name: expand(Tensor(a) self, int[] size, *, bool implicit=False) -> Tensor(a)
  self: at::sum_to(grad, self.sizes())

- name: exponential_(Tensor(a!) self, float lambd=1, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: fake_quantize_per_tensor_affine(Tensor self, float scale, int zero_point, int quant_min, int quant_max) -> Tensor
  self: fake_quantize_per_tensor_affine_backward(grad, self, scale, zero_point, quant_min, quant_max)

- name: _fake_quantize_learnable_per_tensor_affine(Tensor self, Tensor scale, Tensor zero_point, int quant_min, int quant_max) -> Tensor
  self, scale, zero_point: "grad.defined() ? _fake_quantize_learnable_per_tensor_affine_backward(grad, self, scale, zero_point, quant_min, quant_max) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: fake_quantize_per_channel_affine(Tensor self, Tensor scale, Tensor zero_point, int axis, int quant_min, int quant_max) -> Tensor
  self: fake_quantize_per_channel_affine_backward(grad, self, scale, zero_point, axis, quant_min, quant_max)

- name: _fake_quantize_learnable_per_channel_affine(Tensor self, Tensor scale, Tensor zero_point, int axis, int quant_min, int quant_max) -> Tensor
  self, scale, zero_point: "grad.defined() ? _fake_quantize_learnable_per_channel_affine_backward(grad, self, scale, zero_point, axis, quant_min, quant_max) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: fill_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: fill_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)
  value: grad.sum()

- name: floor(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: fmod.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: fmod.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad
  other: 'not_implemented("fmod: other")'

- name: frac(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: gather(Tensor self, int dim, Tensor index, *, bool sparse_grad=False) -> Tensor
  self: gather_backward(grad, self, dim, index, sparse_grad)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: ge_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: ge_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  other: zeros_like(other)

- name: geometric_(Tensor(a!) self, float p, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: geqrf(Tensor self) -> (Tensor a, Tensor tau)
  self: not_implemented("geqrf")

- name: ger(Tensor self, Tensor vec2) -> Tensor
  self: grad.mv(vec2)
  vec2: grad.t().mv(self)

- name: indices(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: _indices(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: grid_sampler_2d(Tensor input, Tensor grid, int interpolation_mode, int padding_mode, bool align_corners) -> Tensor
  input, grid: "grad.defined() ? grid_sampler_2d_backward(grad, input, grid, interpolation_mode, padding_mode, align_corners) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: grid_sampler_3d(Tensor input, Tensor grid, int interpolation_mode, int padding_mode, bool align_corners) -> Tensor
  input, grid: "grad.defined() ? grid_sampler_3d_backward(grad, input, grid, interpolation_mode, padding_mode, align_corners) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

# See NOTE [ grid_sample CPU fallback ]
- name: _grid_sampler_2d_cpu_fallback(Tensor input, Tensor grid, int interpolation_mode, int padding_mode, bool align_corners) -> Tensor
  input, grid: "grad.defined() ? _grid_sampler_2d_cpu_fallback_backward(grad, input, grid, interpolation_mode, padding_mode, align_corners) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: gt_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: gt_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  other: zeros_like(other)

- name: hardsigmoid(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: hardsigmoid_backward(grad, self)

- name: histc(Tensor self, int bins=100, Scalar min=0, Scalar max=0) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("histc")

- name: hardswish(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: hardswish_backward(grad, self)

- name: hypot(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad * self / result
  other: grad * other / result

- name: i0(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("i0")

- name: index.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor?[] indices) -> Tensor
  self: index_backward(zeros_like(self), indices, grad)
  indices: TensorList()

- name: index_add_(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Tensor source) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad
  source: grad.index_select(dim, index).expand_as(source)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: index_copy_(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Tensor source) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().index_fill_(dim, index, 0)
  source: grad.index_select(dim, index).expand_as(source)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: index_fill_.int_Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Scalar value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().index_fill_(dim, index, 0)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: index_fill_.int_Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Tensor value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().index_fill_(dim, index, 0)
  value: grad.index_select(dim, index).sum()
  index: non_differentiable

- name: index_put_(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor?[] indices, Tensor values, bool accumulate=False) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: "accumulate ? grad : grad.clone().index_put_(indices, zeros_like(values), false)"
  values: grad.index(indices)

- name: _index_put_impl_(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor?[] indices, Tensor values, bool accumulate=False, bool unsafe=False) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: "accumulate ? grad : grad.clone().index_put_(indices, zeros_like(values), false)"
  values: grad.index(indices)

- name: index_select(Tensor self, int dim, Tensor index) -> Tensor
  self: index_select_backward(grad, self.sizes(), dim, index)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: inverse(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: -at::matmul(result.transpose(-2, -1), at::matmul(grad, result.transpose(-2, -1)))

- name: isnan(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: non_differentiable

- name: kthvalue(Tensor self, int k, int dim=-1, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), keepdim)

- name: le_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: le_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  other: zeros_like(other)

- name: lerp.Scalar(Tensor self, Tensor end, Scalar weight) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (1 - weight.toDouble())
  end: grad * weight

- name: lerp.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor end, Tensor weight) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (1 - weight)
  end: grad * weight
  weight: grad * (end - self)

- name: lgamma(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * digamma(self)

- name: digamma(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * polygamma(1, self)

- name: polygamma(int n, Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * polygamma(n + 1, self)

- name: log(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad.div(self)

- name: log10(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad / (self * 2.3025850929940456)

- name: log1p(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: log1p_backward(grad, self)

- name: log2(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad / (self * 0.6931471805599453)

- name: logaddexp(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad / (1 + exp(other - self))
  other: grad / (1 + exp(self - other))

- name: logaddexp2(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad / (1 + pow(2, other - self))
  other: grad / (1 + pow(2, self - other))

- name: logdet(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: logdet_backward(grad, self, result)

- name: log_normal_(Tensor(a!) self, float mean=1, float std=2, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: logsumexp(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: logsumexp_backward(grad, self, result, dim, keepdim)

- name: lstsq(Tensor self, Tensor A) -> (Tensor solution, Tensor QR)
  self: not_implemented("lstsq")
  A: not_implemented("lstsq")

- name: lt_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: lt_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  other: zeros_like(other)

- name: _lu_with_info(Tensor self, bool pivot=True, bool check_errors=True) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  self: not_implemented("lu_with_info")

- name: lu_solve(Tensor self, Tensor LU_data, Tensor LU_pivots) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("lu_solve")

- name: masked_fill_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor mask, Scalar value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().masked_fill_(mask, 0)
  mask: non_differentiable

- name: masked_fill_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor mask, Tensor value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().masked_fill_(mask, 0)
  value: at::where(mask, grad, zeros_like(grad)).sum()
  mask: non_differentiable

- name: masked_scatter_(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor mask, Tensor source) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().masked_fill_(mask, 0)
  source: masked_scatter_backward(grad, mask, source.sizes())
  mask: non_differentiable

- name: masked_select(Tensor self, Tensor mask) -> Tensor
  self: masked_select_backward(grad, self, mask)
  mask: non_differentiable

- name: matrix_exp(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: matrix_exp_backward(self, grad)

- name: max.dim(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), keepdim)

- name: max(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: evenly_distribute_backward(grad, self, result)

- name: maximum(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad.clone().masked_fill_(self <= other, 0)
  other: grad.clone().masked_fill_(self > other, 0)

- name: mean(Tensor self, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: grad.expand(self.sizes()).to(self.scalar_type()) / self.numel()

- name: mean.dim(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool keepdim=False, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: sum_backward(grad, self.sizes(), dim, keepdim).to(self.scalar_type()) / _safe_size(self.sizes(), dim)

- name: median(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: evenly_distribute_backward(grad, self, result)

- name: nanmedian(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: evenly_distribute_backward(grad, self, result)

# This is in theory incorrect in the following case:
#   sorted list: [..., a, b, b, ..., b, b, c, ...] with median = b and the value
#                            |                     at middle position of the
#                            |                     list between two `b`s. E.g.,
#                            |
#                            ^the middle position
# The gradient exists and is essentially 0 in this case.
#
# In case where the middle position is at the boundary of `b` range, e.g.,
#   sorted list: [..., a, b, b, ..., b, b, c, ...]
#                                       |
#                                       ^the middle position
# The backward implementation is correct in the sense that it returns the
# subgradient on one side.
- name: median.dim(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), keepdim)

- name: nanmedian.dim(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), keepdim)

- name: min.dim(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), keepdim)

- name: min(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: evenly_distribute_backward(grad, self, result)

- name: minimum(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad.clone().masked_fill_(self >= other, 0)
  other: grad.clone().masked_fill_(self < other, 0)

- name: amax(Tensor self, int[1] dim=[], bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: scale_grad_by_count(restore_reduced_dims(grad, dim, keepdim), restore_reduced_dims(result, dim, keepdim) == self, dim)

- name: amin(Tensor self, int[1] dim=[], bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: scale_grad_by_count(restore_reduced_dims(grad, dim, keepdim), restore_reduced_dims(result, dim, keepdim) == self, dim)

- name: mm(Tensor self, Tensor mat2) -> Tensor
  self: mm_mat1_backward(grad, mat2, self, 1)
  mat2: mm_mat2_backward(grad, self, mat2.sizes(), mat2.strides(), 1)

- name: mode(Tensor self, int dim=-1, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), keepdim)

- name: mul.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: mul_tensor_backward(grad, other, self.scalar_type())
  other: mul_tensor_backward(grad, self, other.scalar_type())

- name: mul.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  self: mul_tensor_backward(grad, at::scalar_to_tensor(other), self.scalar_type())

- name: mv(Tensor self, Tensor vec) -> Tensor
  self: grad.ger(vec)
  vec: self.t().mv(grad)

- name: mvlgamma(Tensor self, int p) -> Tensor
  self: mvlgamma_backward(grad, self, p)

- name: nan_to_num(Tensor self, float? nan=None, float? posinf=None, float? neginf=None) -> Tensor
  self: grad * at::isfinite(self)

- name: native_batch_norm(Tensor input, Tensor? weight, Tensor? bias, Tensor? running_mean, Tensor? running_var, bool training, float momentum, float eps) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  input, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? native_batch_norm_backward(grad, input, weight, running_mean, running_var, result1, result2, training, eps, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: native_batch_norm_backward(Tensor grad_out, Tensor input, Tensor? weight, Tensor? running_mean, Tensor? running_var, Tensor? save_mean, Tensor? save_invstd, bool train, float eps, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  input, weight, grad_out: batchnorm_double_backward(input, weight, grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_out, running_mean, running_var, train, eps, save_mean, save_invstd, grad_input_mask)
  save_mean: not_implemented("native_batch_norm_backward save_mean")
  save_invstd: not_implemented("native_batch_norm_backward save_invstd")

- name: native_layer_norm(Tensor input, Tensor? weight, Tensor? bias, int M, int N, float eps) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  input, weight, bias: "GradMode::is_enabled() || grads[1].defined() || grads[2].defined() ? infinitely_differentiable_native_layer_norm_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], input, result1, result2, weight, M, N, eps, grad_input_mask) : (grads[0].defined() ? native_layer_norm_backward(grads[0].is_contiguous() ? grads[0] : grads[0].contiguous(), input, result1, result2, weight, M, N, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>())"

- name: native_group_norm(Tensor input, Tensor? weight, Tensor? bias, int N, int C, int HxW, int group, float eps) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  input, weight, bias: "GradMode::is_enabled() || grads[1].defined() || grads[2].defined() ? infinitely_differentiable_native_group_norm_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], input, result1, result2, weight, N, C, HxW, group, eps, grad_input_mask) : (grads[0].defined() ? native_group_norm_backward(grads[0].is_contiguous() ? grads[0] : grads[0].contiguous(), input.is_contiguous() ? input : input.contiguous(), result1, result2, weight, N, C, HxW, group, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>())"

- name: ne_.Scalar(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: ne_.Tensor(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor other) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  other: zeros_like(other)

- name: neg(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad.neg()

- name: nextafter(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("nextafter")
  other: not_implemented("nextafter")

- name: norm.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar p=2) -> Tensor
  self: norm_backward(grad, self, p, result)

- name: norm.ScalarOpt_dim(Tensor self, Scalar? p, int[1] dim, bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: norm_backward(grad, self, p, result, dim, keepdim)

- name: norm.ScalarOpt_dtype(Tensor self, Scalar? p, *, ScalarType dtype) -> Tensor
  self: norm_backward(grad, self.to(grad.scalar_type()), p, result)

- name: norm.ScalarOpt_dim_dtype(Tensor self, Scalar? p, int[1] dim, bool keepdim, *, ScalarType dtype) -> Tensor
  self: norm_backward(grad, self.to(grad.scalar_type()), p, result, dim, keepdim)

- name: _pdist_forward(Tensor self, float p=2) -> Tensor
  self: _pdist_backward(grad, self, p, result)

- name: _pdist_backward(Tensor grad, Tensor self, float p, Tensor pdist) -> Tensor
  grad: not_implemented("_pdist_backward")
  self: not_implemented("_pdist_backward")
  pdist: not_implemented("_pdist_backward")

- name: _euclidean_dist(Tensor x1, Tensor x2) -> Tensor
  x1, x2: _euclidean_dist_backward(grad, x1, x2, result)

- name: _cdist_forward(Tensor x1, Tensor x2, float p, int? compute_mode) -> Tensor
  x1: _cdist_backward(grad.contiguous(), x1, x2, p, result)
  x2: _cdist_backward(grad.transpose(-1, -2).contiguous(), x2, x1, p, result.transpose(-1, -2).contiguous())

- name: _cdist_backward(Tensor grad, Tensor x1, Tensor x2, float p, Tensor cdist) -> Tensor
  grad: not_implemented("_cdist_backward")
  x1: not_implemented("_cdist_backward")
  x2: not_implemented("_cdist_backward")
  cdist: not_implemented("_cdist_backward")

- name: normal_(Tensor(a!) self, float mean=0, float std=1, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: normal.Tensor_float(Tensor mean, float std=1, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  mean: at::zeros(mean.sizes(), grad.options())

- name: normal.float_Tensor(float mean, Tensor std, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  std: at::zeros(std.sizes(), grad.options())

- name: normal.Tensor_Tensor(Tensor mean, Tensor std, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  mean: at::zeros(mean.sizes(), grad.options())
  std: at::zeros(std.sizes(), grad.options())

- name: orgqr(Tensor self, Tensor input2) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("orgqr")
  input2: not_implemented("orgqr")

- name: ormqr(Tensor self, Tensor input2, Tensor input3, bool left=True, bool transpose=False) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("ormqr")
  input2: not_implemented("ormqr")
  input3: not_implemented("ormqr")

- name: permute(Tensor(a) self, int[] dims) -> Tensor(a)
  self: permute_backwards(grad, dims)

- name: poisson(Tensor self, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: pow.Tensor_Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar exponent) -> Tensor
  self: pow_backward(grad, self, exponent)

- name: pow.Tensor_Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor exponent) -> Tensor
  self: pow_backward_self(grad, self, exponent)
  exponent: pow_backward_exponent(grad, self, exponent, result)

- name: pow.Scalar(Scalar self, Tensor exponent) -> Tensor
  exponent: pow_backward_exponent(grad, self, exponent, result)

- name: prod(Tensor self, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: prod_backward(grad, self.to(grad.scalar_type()), result)

- name: prod.dim_int(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim=False, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: prod_backward(grad, self.to(grad.scalar_type()), result, dim, keepdim)

- name: put_(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor index, Tensor source, bool accumulate=False) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().put_(index, zeros_like(source), accumulate)
  index: non_differentiable
  source: grad.take(index)

- name: qr(Tensor self, bool some=True) -> (Tensor Q, Tensor R)
  self: qr_backward(grads, self, some, Q, R)

- name: rad2deg(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: rad2deg_backward(grad)

- name: random_.from(Tensor(a!) self, int from, int? to, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: random_.to(Tensor(a!) self, int to, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: random_(Tensor(a!) self, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: reciprocal(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: -grad * result * result

- name: remainder.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: remainder.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: renorm(Tensor self, Scalar p, int dim, Scalar maxnorm) -> Tensor
  self: renorm_backward(grad, self, p, dim, maxnorm)

- name: repeat(Tensor self, int[] repeats) -> Tensor
  self: repeat_backward(grad, repeats, self.sizes())

# DO NOT define a backward for reshape!
# reshape is special in that it sometimes returns a view, and sometimes not.
# Defining a backward will make codegen spit out the forward call as
#     as_variable(baseType->reshape(self)),
# making it impossible (hard) to detect when it is actually a view.
# - name: reshape(Tensor self, IntArrayRef shape)

- name: round(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: rsqrt(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: -0.5 * grad * result.pow(3)

- name: scatter_.src(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Tensor src) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().scatter_(dim, index, 0)
  index: non_differentiable
  src: grad.gather(dim, index)

- name: scatter_.value(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Scalar value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.clone().scatter_(dim, index, 0)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: scatter_add_(Tensor(a!) self, int dim, Tensor index, Tensor src) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad
  index: non_differentiable
  src: grad.gather(dim, index)

- name: select.int(Tensor(a) self, int dim, int index) -> Tensor(a)
  self: select_backward(grad, self.sizes(), dim, index)

- name: sigmoid(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: sigmoid_backward(grad, result)

- name: logit(Tensor self, float? eps=None) -> Tensor
  self: "GradMode::is_enabled() ? infinitely_differentiable_logit_backward(grad, self, eps) : logit_backward(grad, self, eps)"

- name: sign(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: sgn(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: sgn_backward(result, grad, self)

- name: sin(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * self.cos().conj()

- name: sinh(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * self.cosh().conj()

- name: slice.Tensor(Tensor(a) self, int dim=0, int start=0, int end=9223372036854775807, int step=1) -> Tensor(a)
  self: slice_backward(grad, self.sizes(), dim, start, end, step)

- name: slogdet(Tensor self) -> (Tensor sign, Tensor logabsdet)
  self: slogdet_backward(grad, self, sign, logabsdet)
  output_differentiability: [false, true]

- name: solve(Tensor self, Tensor A) -> (Tensor solution, Tensor LU)
  self: solve_backward_self(grad, self, A)
  A: solve_backward_A(grad, self, A, solution)

- name: sort(Tensor self, int dim=-1, bool descending=False) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), true)
  output_differentiability: [True, False]

- name: split.Tensor(Tensor(a) self, int split_size, int dim=0) -> Tensor(a)[]
  self: split_backward(grads, split_size, dim, self.sizes(), self.options())

- name: unsafe_split.Tensor(Tensor self, int split_size, int dim=0) -> Tensor[]
  self: split_backward(grads, split_size, dim, self.sizes(), self.options())

- name: split_with_sizes(Tensor(a) self, int[] split_sizes, int dim=0) -> Tensor(a)[]
  self: split_with_sizes_backward(grads, split_sizes, dim, self.sizes(), self.options())

- name: unsafe_split_with_sizes(Tensor self, int[] split_sizes, int dim=0) -> Tensor[]
  self: split_with_sizes_backward(grads, split_sizes, dim, self.sizes(), self.options())

- name: sqrt(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad / (2 * result)

- name: squeeze(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  self: unsqueeze_to(grad, self.sizes())

- name: squeeze.dim(Tensor(a) self, int dim) -> Tensor(a)
  self: unsqueeze_to(grad, dim, self.sizes())

- name: squeeze_(Tensor(a!) self) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: unsqueeze_to(grad, self.sizes())

- name: squeeze_.dim(Tensor(a!) self, int dim) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: unsqueeze_to(grad, dim, self.sizes())

- name: std(Tensor self, bool unbiased=True) -> Tensor
  self: std_backward(result, grad, self, unbiased)

- name: std.dim(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool unbiased=True, bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: std_backward(result, grad, self, dim, unbiased, keepdim)

- name: sub.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other, *, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: grad
  other: -grad * alpha

- name: sub.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: grad

- name: rsub.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other, *, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: -grad * alpha
  other: grad

- name: rsub.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other, Scalar alpha=1) -> Tensor
  self: -grad * alpha

- name: sum(Tensor self, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: grad.expand(self.sizes())

- name: sum.dim_IntList(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool keepdim=False, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: sum_backward(grad, self.sizes(), dim, keepdim)

- name: nansum(Tensor self, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: grad.expand(self.sizes()).to(self.scalar_type()) * self.isnan().logical_not()

- name: nansum.dim_IntList(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool keepdim=False, *, ScalarType? dtype=None) -> Tensor
  self: nansum_backward(grad.to(self.scalar_type()), self, dim, keepdim)

- name: svd(Tensor self, bool some=True, bool compute_uv=True) -> (Tensor U, Tensor S, Tensor V)
  self: svd_backward(grads, self, some, compute_uv, U, S, V)

- name: symeig(Tensor self, bool eigenvectors=False, bool upper=True) -> (Tensor eigenvalues, Tensor eigenvectors)
  self: symeig_backward(grads, self, eigenvectors, upper, eigenvalues, eigenvectors_return)

- name: t(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  self: grad.t()

- name: one_hot(Tensor self, int num_classes=-1) -> Tensor
  self: non_differentiable

- name: flip(Tensor self, int[] dims) -> Tensor
  self: grad.flip(dims)

- name: roll(Tensor self, int[1] shifts, int[1] dims=[]) -> Tensor
  self: grad.roll(fmap(reverse_list(shifts), [](int64_t i){return -i;}), reverse_list(dims))

- name: rot90(Tensor self, int k=1, int[] dims=[0,1]) -> Tensor
  self: grad.rot90(-k, dims)

- name: take(Tensor self, Tensor index) -> Tensor
  self: take_backward(grad, self, index)
  index: non_differentiable

- name: tan(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad * (1 + result.pow(2))

- name: tanh(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: tanh_backward(grad, result)

- name: topk(Tensor self, int k, int dim=-1, bool largest=True, bool sorted=True) -> (Tensor values, Tensor indices)
  self: value_selecting_reduction_backward(grad, dim, indices, self.sizes(), true)
  output_differentiability: [True, False]

- name: trace(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: trace_backward(grad, self.sizes())

- name: transpose.int(Tensor(a) self, int dim0, int dim1) -> Tensor(a)
  self: grad.transpose(dim0, dim1)

- name: transpose_(Tensor(a!) self, int dim0, int dim1) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.transpose(dim0, dim1)

- name: triangular_solve(Tensor self, Tensor A, bool upper=True, bool transpose=False, bool unitriangular=False) -> (Tensor solution, Tensor cloned_coefficient)
  self, A: triangular_solve_backward(grads[0], grads[1], self, A, solution, upper, transpose, unitriangular, grad_input_mask)

- name: tril(Tensor self, int diagonal=0) -> Tensor
  self: grad.tril(diagonal)

- name: triu(Tensor self, int diagonal=0) -> Tensor
  self: grad.triu(diagonal)

- name: trunc(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: to_dense(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: to_dense_backward(grad, self)

- name: to_sparse(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: grad.to_dense()

- name: to_mkldnn(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: to_mkldnn_backward(grad, self)

- name: unfold(Tensor(a) self, int dimension, int size, int step) -> Tensor(a)
  self: unfold_backward(grad, self.sizes(), dimension, size, step)

- name: unfold_backward(Tensor grad_in, int[] input_sizes, int dim, int size, int step) -> Tensor
  grad_in: grad.unfold(dim, size, step)

- name: uniform_(Tensor(a!) self, float from=0, float to=1, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: _unique(Tensor self, bool sorted=True, bool return_inverse=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: not_implemented("_unique")

- name: _unsafe_view(Tensor self, int[] size) -> Tensor
  self: grad.reshape(self.sizes())

- name: unsqueeze(Tensor(a) self, int dim) -> Tensor(a)
  self: grad.squeeze(dim)

- name: unsqueeze_(Tensor(a!) self, int dim) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: grad.squeeze(dim)

- name: var(Tensor self, bool unbiased=True) -> Tensor
  self: var_backward(grad, self, unbiased)

- name: var.dim(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool unbiased=True, bool keepdim=False) -> Tensor
  self: var_backward(grad, self, dim, unbiased, keepdim)

- name: view(Tensor(a) self, int[] size) -> Tensor(a)
  self: grad.reshape(self.sizes())

- name: view_as_real(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  self: at::view_as_complex(grad.contiguous()) # gx0 + 1j * gx1

- name: view_as_complex(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  self: at::view_as_real(grad.contiguous()) # [gx, gy]

- name: _s_where(Tensor condition, Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  condition: non_differentiable
  self: where(condition, grad, zeros_like(grad))
  other: where(condition, zeros_like(grad), grad)

# weight_norm_cuda_interface_backward does not have an explicitly defined derivative, so if we do happen
# to be running backward with create_graph=True, fall back to a backward function that uses
# differentiable ops.
- name: _weight_norm_cuda_interface(Tensor v, Tensor g, int dim=0) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  v, g: "grad.defined() ? (GradMode::is_enabled() ? _weight_norm_differentiable_backward(grad.contiguous(), v, g, result1, dim) : _weight_norm_cuda_interface_backward(grad.contiguous(), v, g, result1, dim)) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: zero_(Tensor(a!) self) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: sparse_mask(Tensor self, Tensor mask) -> Tensor
  self: grad.to_dense().sparse_mask(mask).to_dense()
  mask: non_differentiable

- name: _sparse_coo_tensor_with_dims_and_tensors(int sparse_dim, int dense_dim, int[] size, Tensor indices, Tensor values, *, ScalarType? dtype=None, Layout? layout=None, Device? device=None, bool? pin_memory=False) -> Tensor
  values: sparse_constructor_values_backward(grad, indices, values.sizes())

- name: _sparse_sum.dim(Tensor self, int[1] dim) -> Tensor
  self: at::_sparse_sum_backward(grad, self, dim)

- name: _standard_gamma(Tensor self, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  self: grad * _standard_gamma_grad(self, result)

- name: _standard_gamma_grad(Tensor self, Tensor output) -> Tensor
  self: not_implemented("_standard_gamma_grad")

- name: values(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  self: at::_sparse_coo_tensor_unsafe(self.indices(), grad, self.sizes())._coalesced_(true)

# Why is _values() not differentiable?
# See NOTE [ Sparse: autograd and API ]
- name: _values(Tensor(a) self) -> Tensor(a)
  output_differentiability: [False]

# NN
- name: _trilinear(Tensor i1, Tensor i2, Tensor i3, int[] expand1, int[] expand2, int[] expand3, int[] sumdim, int unroll_dim=1) -> Tensor
  i1, i2, i3: _trilinear_backward(grad, i1, i2, i3, expand1, expand2, expand3, sumdim, unroll_dim, grad_input_mask)

- name: constant_pad_nd(Tensor self, int[] pad, Scalar value=0) -> Tensor
  self: constant_pad_nd_backward(grad, pad)

- name: binary_cross_entropy(Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight=None, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: binary_cross_entropy_backward(grad, self, target, weight, reduction)

- name: binary_cross_entropy_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight=None, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: binary_cross_entropy_double_backward(grad_output, grad, self, target, weight, reduction)
  grad_output: binary_cross_entropy_double_backward_grad_output(grad, self, target, weight, reduction)

- name: binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight=None, Tensor? pos_weight=None, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: binary_cross_entropy_with_logits_backward(grad, self, target, weight, pos_weight, reduction)
  target: binary_cross_entropy_with_logits_target_backward(grad, self, target, weight, pos_weight, reduction)

- name: embedding(Tensor weight, Tensor indices, int padding_idx=-1, bool scale_grad_by_freq=False, bool sparse=False) -> Tensor
  indices: non_differentiable
  weight: embedding_backward(grad, indices, weight.size(0), padding_idx, scale_grad_by_freq, sparse)

- name: embedding_dense_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor indices, int num_weights, int padding_idx, bool scale_grad_by_freq) -> Tensor
  grad_output: embedding_dense_double_backward(grad, indices)
  indices: non_differentiable

- name: _embedding_bag(Tensor weight, Tensor indices, Tensor offsets, bool scale_grad_by_freq=False, int mode=0, bool sparse=False, Tensor? per_sample_weights=None, bool include_last_offset=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  indices: non_differentiable
  offsets: non_differentiable
  weight: _embedding_bag_backward(grad, indices, offsets, result1, result2, result3, weight.size(0), scale_grad_by_freq, mode, sparse, per_sample_weights)
  per_sample_weights: _embedding_bag_per_sample_weights_backward(grad, weight, indices, offsets, result1, mode)

- name: _embedding_bag_dense_backward(Tensor grad, Tensor indices, Tensor offsets, Tensor offset2bag, Tensor bag_size, Tensor maximum_indices, int num_weights, bool scale_grad_by_freq, int mode, Tensor? per_sample_weights) -> Tensor
  indices: non_differentiable
  offsets: non_differentiable
  offset2bag: non_differentiable
  bag_size: non_differentiable
  maximum_indices: non_differentiable

- name: embedding_renorm_(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor indices, float max_norm, float norm_type) -> Tensor(a!)
  indices: non_differentiable
  self: not_implemented("embedding_renorm")

- name: kl_div(Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction=Mean, *, bool log_target=False) -> Tensor
  self: kl_div_backward(grad, self, target, reduction, log_target)
  target: kl_div_target_backward(grad, self, target, reduction, log_target)

- name: l1_loss(Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: l1_loss_backward(grad, self, target, reduction)
  target: l1_loss_backward(grad, target, self, reduction)

- name: mse_loss(Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: mse_loss_backward(grad, self, target, reduction)
  target: mse_loss_backward(grad, target, self, reduction)

- name: multi_margin_loss(Tensor self, Tensor target, Scalar p=1, Scalar margin=1, Tensor? weight=None, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: multi_margin_loss_backward(grad, self, target, p, margin, weight, reduction)
  target: non_differentiable

- name: multilabel_margin_loss_forward(Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction) -> (Tensor output, Tensor is_target)
  self: multilabel_margin_loss_backward(grad, self, target, reduction, is_target)
  target: non_differentiable

- name: nll_loss_forward(Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight, int reduction, int ignore_index) -> (Tensor output, Tensor total_weight)
  self: nll_loss_backward(grad, self, target, weight, reduction, ignore_index, total_weight)
  target: non_differentiable

- name: nll_loss2d_forward(Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight, int reduction, int ignore_index) -> (Tensor output, Tensor total_weight)
  self: nll_loss2d_backward(grad, self, target, weight, reduction, ignore_index, total_weight)
  target: non_differentiable

- name: smooth_l1_loss(Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction=Mean, float beta=1.0) -> Tensor
  self: smooth_l1_loss_backward(grad, self, target, reduction, beta)
  target: smooth_l1_loss_backward(grad, target, self, reduction, beta)

- name: soft_margin_loss(Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction=Mean) -> Tensor
  self: soft_margin_loss_backward(grad, self, target, reduction)

- name: relu(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: threshold_backward(grad, self, 0)

# NB: `output` instead of `self` saves memory. It avoids saving a copy of self.
- name: relu_(Tensor(a!) self) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: threshold_backward(grad, result, 0)

- name: silu(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: "GradMode::is_enabled() ? infinitely_differentiable_silu_backward(grad, self) : silu_backward(grad, self)"

- name: elu(Tensor self, Scalar alpha=1, Scalar scale=1, Scalar input_scale=1) -> Tensor
  self: elu_backward(grad, alpha, scale, input_scale, result)

- name: celu(Tensor self, Scalar alpha=1.0) -> Tensor
  self: elu_backward(grad, alpha, 1, 1.0/alpha.toFloat(), result)

- name: gelu(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  self: "GradMode::is_enabled() ? infinitely_differentiable_gelu_backward(grad, self) : gelu_backward(grad, self)"

- name: glu(Tensor self, int dim=-1) -> Tensor
  self: glu_backward(grad, self, dim)

- name: hardshrink(Tensor self, Scalar lambd=0.5) -> Tensor
  self: hardshrink_backward(grad, self, lambd)

- name: hardshrink_backward(Tensor grad_out, Tensor self, Scalar lambd) -> Tensor
  grad_out: hardshrink_backward(grad, self, lambd)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: hardtanh(Tensor self, Scalar min_val=-1, Scalar max_val=1) -> Tensor
  self: hardtanh_backward(grad, self, min_val, max_val)

- name: hardtanh_(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar min_val=-1, Scalar max_val=1) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: hardtanh_backward(grad, result, min_val, max_val)

- name: leaky_relu(Tensor self, Scalar negative_slope=0.01) -> Tensor
  self: leaky_relu_backward(grad, self, negative_slope, false)

- name: leaky_relu_(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar negative_slope=0.01) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: leaky_relu_backward(grad, result, negative_slope, true)

- name: log_sigmoid_forward(Tensor self) -> (Tensor output, Tensor buffer)
  self: log_sigmoid_backward(grad, self, buffer)

- name: _log_softmax(Tensor self, int dim, bool half_to_float) -> Tensor
  self: _log_softmax_backward_data(grad, result, dim, self)

- name: _sparse_log_softmax(Tensor self, int dim, bool half_to_float) -> Tensor
  self: _sparse_log_softmax_backward_data(grad, result, dim, self)

- name: prelu(Tensor self, Tensor weight) -> Tensor
  self, weight: "grad.defined() ? prelu_backward(grad, self, weight) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: prelu_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: prelu_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grad_output, self, weight)

- name: rrelu_with_noise(Tensor self, Tensor noise, Scalar lower=0.125, Scalar upper=0.3333333333333333, bool training=False, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  self: rrelu_with_noise_backward(grad, self, noise, lower, upper, training, false)

- name: rrelu_with_noise_(Tensor(a!) self, Tensor noise, Scalar lower=0.125, Scalar upper=0.3333333333333333, bool training=False, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: rrelu_with_noise_backward(grad, result, noise, lower, upper, training, true)

- name: _softmax(Tensor self, int dim, bool half_to_float) -> Tensor
  self: _softmax_backward_data(grad, result, dim, self)

- name: _sparse_softmax(Tensor self, int dim, bool half_to_float) -> Tensor
  self: _sparse_softmax_backward_data(grad, result, dim, self)

- name: softplus(Tensor self, Scalar beta=1, Scalar threshold=20) -> Tensor
  self: softplus_backward(grad, self, beta, threshold, result)

- name: softshrink(Tensor self, Scalar lambd=0.5) -> Tensor
  self: softshrink_backward(grad, self, lambd)

- name: threshold(Tensor self, Scalar threshold, Scalar value) -> Tensor
  self: threshold_backward(grad, self, threshold)

- name: threshold_(Tensor(a!) self, Scalar threshold, Scalar value) -> Tensor(a!)
  self: threshold_backward(grad, result, threshold)

- name: reflection_pad1d(Tensor self, int[2] padding) -> Tensor
  self: reflection_pad1d_backward(grad, self, padding)

- name: reflection_pad2d(Tensor self, int[4] padding) -> Tensor
  self: reflection_pad2d_backward(grad, self, padding)

- name: replication_pad1d(Tensor self, int[2] padding) -> Tensor
  self: replication_pad1d_backward(grad, self, padding)

- name: replication_pad2d(Tensor self, int[4] padding) -> Tensor
  self: replication_pad2d_backward(grad, self, padding)

- name: replication_pad3d(Tensor self, int[6] padding) -> Tensor
  self: replication_pad3d_backward(grad, self, padding)

- name: upsample_linear1d(Tensor self, int[1] output_size, bool align_corners, float? scales=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_linear1d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), align_corners, scales)

- name: upsample_bilinear2d(Tensor self, int[2] output_size, bool align_corners, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_bilinear2d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), align_corners, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_bicubic2d(Tensor self, int[2] output_size, bool align_corners, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_bicubic2d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), align_corners, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_trilinear3d(Tensor self, int[3] output_size, bool align_corners, float? scales_d=None, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_trilinear3d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), align_corners, scales_d, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_nearest1d(Tensor self, int[1] output_size, float? scales=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_nearest1d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), scales)

- name: upsample_nearest2d(Tensor self, int[2] output_size, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_nearest2d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_nearest3d(Tensor self, int[3] output_size, float? scales_d=None, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  self: upsample_nearest3d_backward(grad, output_size, self.sizes(), scales_d, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_linear1d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_linear1d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_bilinear2d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_bilinear2d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_trilinear3d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_trilinear3d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_bicubic2d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_bicubic2d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_nearest1d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_nearest1d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), scale_factors)

- name: upsample_nearest2d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_nearest2d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), scale_factors)

- name: upsample_nearest3d.vec(Tensor input, int[]? output_size, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  input: upsample_nearest3d_backward(grad, output_size, input.sizes(), scale_factors)

- name: _adaptive_avg_pool2d(Tensor self, int[2] output_size) -> Tensor
  self: _adaptive_avg_pool2d_backward(grad, self)

- name: adaptive_avg_pool3d(Tensor self, int[3] output_size) -> Tensor
  self: adaptive_avg_pool3d_backward(grad, self)

- name: adaptive_max_pool2d(Tensor self, int[2] output_size) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: adaptive_max_pool2d_backward(grad, self, result1)

- name: adaptive_max_pool3d(Tensor self, int[3] output_size) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: adaptive_max_pool3d_backward(grad, self, result1)

- name: avg_pool2d(Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride=[], int[2] padding=0, bool ceil_mode=False, bool count_include_pad=True, int? divisor_override=None) -> Tensor
  self: avg_pool2d_backward(grad, self, kernel_size, stride, padding, ceil_mode, count_include_pad, divisor_override)

- name: avg_pool3d(Tensor self, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride=[], int[3] padding=0, bool ceil_mode=False, bool count_include_pad=True, int? divisor_override=None) -> Tensor
  self: avg_pool3d_backward(grad, self, kernel_size, stride, padding, ceil_mode, count_include_pad, divisor_override)

- name: fractional_max_pool2d(Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] output_size, Tensor random_samples) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: fractional_max_pool2d_backward(grad, self, kernel_size, output_size, result1)

- name: fractional_max_pool3d(Tensor self, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] output_size, Tensor random_samples) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: fractional_max_pool3d_backward(grad, self, kernel_size, output_size, result1)

- name: max_pool2d_with_indices(Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride=[], int[2] padding=0, int[2] dilation=1, bool ceil_mode=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: max_pool2d_with_indices_backward(grad, self, kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, ceil_mode, result1)
  output_differentiability: [True, False]

- name: max_pool3d_with_indices(Tensor self, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride=[], int[3] padding=0, int[3] dilation=1, bool ceil_mode=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: max_pool3d_with_indices_backward(grad, self, kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, ceil_mode, result1)
  output_differentiability: [True, False]

- name: max_unpool2d(Tensor self, Tensor indices, int[2] output_size) -> Tensor
  self: max_unpool2d_backward(grad, self, indices, output_size)
  indices: non_differentiable

- name: max_unpool3d(Tensor self, Tensor indices, int[3] output_size, int[3] stride, int[3] padding) -> Tensor
  self: max_unpool3d_backward(grad, self, indices, output_size, stride, padding)
  indices: non_differentiable

- name: convolution_overrideable(Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, int[] stride, int[] padding, int[] dilation, bool transposed, int[] output_padding, int groups) -> Tensor
  input, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? convolution_backward_overrideable(grad, input, weight, stride, padding, dilation, transposed, output_padding, groups, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: convolution_backward_overrideable(Tensor grad_output, Tensor input, Tensor weight, int[] stride, int[] padding, int[] dilation, bool transposed, int[] output_padding, int groups, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, input, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, input, stride, padding, dilation, false, output_padding, groups, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: slow_conv_transpose2d(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, Tensor? bias=None, int[2] stride=1, int[2] padding=0, int[2] output_padding=0, int[2] dilation=1) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? slow_conv_transpose2d_backward(grad, self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, dilation, empty_like(grad, at::MemoryFormat::Contiguous), empty_like(grad, at::MemoryFormat::Contiguous), grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: slow_conv_transpose2d_backward.output_mask(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, int[2] output_padding, int[2] dilation, Tensor columns, Tensor ones, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, true, output_padding, 1, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: slow_conv_transpose3d(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[3] kernel_size, Tensor? bias=None, int[3] stride=1, int[3] padding=0, int[3] output_padding=0, int[3] dilation=1) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? slow_conv_transpose3d_backward(grad, self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, dilation, empty_like(grad, at::MemoryFormat::Preserve), empty_like(grad, at::MemoryFormat::Preserve), grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: slow_conv_transpose3d_backward.output_mask(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride, int[3] padding, int[3] output_padding, int[3] dilation, Tensor finput, Tensor fgrad_input, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, true, output_padding, 1, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: thnn_conv2d_forward(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, Tensor? bias, int[2] stride, int[2] padding) -> (Tensor output, Tensor finput, Tensor fgrad_input)
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? thnn_conv2d_backward(grad, self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, finput, fgrad_input, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: thnn_conv2d_backward.output_mask(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, Tensor finput, Tensor fgrad_input, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, {{1, 1}}, false, {{0, 0}}, 1, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: thnn_conv_depthwise2d_forward(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, Tensor? bias, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, int[2] dilation) -> Tensor
  self, weight: "grad.defined() ? thnn_conv_depthwise2d_backward(grad.contiguous(), self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"
  bias: grad.contiguous().view({grad.size(0), grad.size(1), -1}).sum(0).sum(1)

- name: thnn_conv_depthwise2d_backward.output_mask(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, int[2] dilation, bool[2] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], {}, grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, {{0, 0}}, self.size(1), false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: slow_conv3d_forward(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[3] kernel_size, Tensor? bias, int[3] stride, int[3] padding) -> (Tensor output, Tensor finput, Tensor fgrad_input)
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? slow_conv3d_backward(grad, self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, finput, fgrad_input, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: slow_conv3d_backward.output_mask(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride, int[3] padding, Tensor finput, Tensor fgrad_input, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, {{1, 1, 1}}, false, {{0, 0, 0}}, 1, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: slow_conv_dilated2d(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, Tensor? bias=None, int[2] stride=1, int[2] padding=0, int[2] dilation=1) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? slow_conv_dilated2d_backward(grad, self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: slow_conv_dilated2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, int[2] dilation, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, {{0, 0}}, 1, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: slow_conv_dilated3d(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[3] kernel_size, Tensor? bias=None, int[3] stride=1, int[3] padding=0, int[3] dilation=1) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? slow_conv_dilated3d_backward(grad, self, weight, kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: slow_conv_dilated3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride, int[3] padding, int[3] dilation, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor grad_input, Tensor grad_weight, Tensor grad_bias)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, {{0, 0, 0}}, 1, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: col2im(Tensor self, int[2] output_size, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] dilation, int[2] padding, int[2] stride) -> Tensor
  self: col2im_backward(grad, kernel_size, dilation, padding, stride)

- name: im2col(Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] dilation, int[2] padding, int[2] stride) -> Tensor
  self: im2col_backward(grad, {self.size(2), self.size(3)}, kernel_size, dilation, padding, stride)

# NN double backwards support
- name: im2col_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[2] input_size, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] dilation, int[2] padding, int[2] stride) -> Tensor
  grad_output: im2col(grad, kernel_size, dilation, padding, stride)

- name: col2im_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] dilation, int[2] padding, int[2] stride) -> Tensor
  grad_output: col2im(grad, {grad_output.size(2), grad_output.size(3)}, kernel_size, dilation, padding, stride)

- name: _adaptive_avg_pool2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self) -> Tensor
  grad_output: _adaptive_avg_pool2d(grad, { grad_output.size(-2), grad_output.size(-1) })
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: adaptive_avg_pool3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self) -> Tensor
  grad_output: adaptive_avg_pool3d(grad, { grad_output.size(-3), grad_output.size(-2), grad_output.size(-1) })
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: adaptive_max_pool2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor indices) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_pool_double_backward(grad, indices, 2)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: adaptive_max_pool3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor indices) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_pool_double_backward(grad, indices, 3)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: avg_pool2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, bool ceil_mode, bool count_include_pad, int? divisor_override) -> Tensor
  grad_output: avg_pool2d(grad, kernel_size, stride, padding, ceil_mode, count_include_pad, divisor_override)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: avg_pool3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride, int[3] padding, bool ceil_mode, bool count_include_pad, int? divisor_override) -> Tensor
  grad_output: avg_pool3d(grad, kernel_size, stride, padding, ceil_mode, count_include_pad, divisor_override)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: elu_backward(Tensor grad_output, Scalar alpha, Scalar scale, Scalar input_scale, Tensor output) -> Tensor
  grad_output: elu_backward(grad, alpha, scale, input_scale, output)
  output: grad * grad_output * input_scale * (output < 0).type_as(grad)

- name: fractional_max_pool2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] output_size, Tensor indices) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_pool_double_backward(grad, indices, 2)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: fractional_max_pool3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] output_size, Tensor indices) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_pool_double_backward(grad, indices, 3)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: glu_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int dim) -> Tensor
  grad_output: glu_double_backward_grad_output(grad, self, dim)
  self: glu_double_backward(grad, grad_output, self, dim)

- name: hardtanh_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Scalar min_val, Scalar max_val) -> Tensor
  grad_output: hardtanh_backward(grad, self, min_val, max_val)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: kl_div_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction=Mean, *, bool log_target=False) -> Tensor
  grad_output: kl_div_double_backward_grad_output(grad, self, target, reduction, log_target)
  self: zeros_like(grad)
  target: zeros_like(grad)

- name: l1_loss_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction) -> Tensor
  grad_output: l1_loss_double_backward_grad_output(grad, self, target, reduction)
  self: zeros_like(grad)
  target: zeros_like(grad)

- name: log_sigmoid_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor buffer) -> Tensor
  grad_output: log_sigmoid_backward(grad, self, buffer)
  self: log_sigmoid_double_backward(grad * grad_output, self)

- name: _log_softmax_backward_data(Tensor grad_output, Tensor output, int dim, Tensor self) -> Tensor
  grad_output: grad.to(output.dtype()) - (grad.to(output.dtype()) * output.exp()).sum(dim, true)
  self: log_softmax_double_backward(grad.to(output.dtype()), grad_output, dim, output).to(self.dtype())

- name: leaky_relu_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Scalar negative_slope, bool self_is_result) -> Tensor
  # self_is_result is always false here since double backward call is an out-of-place call, self is input itself
  grad_output: leaky_relu_backward(grad, self, negative_slope, false)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: max_pool2d_with_indices_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[2] kernel_size, int[2] stride, int[2] padding, int[2] dilation, bool ceil_mode, Tensor indices) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_pool_double_backward(grad, indices, 2)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  indices: non_differentiable

- name: max_pool3d_with_indices_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[3] kernel_size, int[3] stride, int[3] padding, int[3] dilation, bool ceil_mode, Tensor indices) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_pool_double_backward(grad, indices, 3)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  indices: non_differentiable

- name: max_unpool2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor indices, int[2] output_size) -> Tensor
  grad_output: max_unpool2d(grad, indices, output_size)
  self: zeros_like(self)
  indices: non_differentiable

- name: mse_loss_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction) -> Tensor
  grad_output: mse_loss_double_backward_grad_output(grad, grad_output, self, target, reduction)
  self: mse_loss_double_backward(grad * grad_output, self, reduction)
  target: -mse_loss_double_backward(grad * grad_output, target, reduction)

- name: nll_loss_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight, int reduction, int ignore_index, Tensor total_weight) -> Tensor
  grad_output: nll_loss(grad, target, weight, reduction, ignore_index)
  self: zeros_like(grad)
  target: non_differentiable

- name: nll_loss2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, Tensor? weight, int reduction, int ignore_index, Tensor total_weight) -> Tensor
  grad_output: nll_loss2d(grad, target, weight, reduction, ignore_index)
  self: zeros_like(grad)
  target: non_differentiable

- name: rrelu_with_noise_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor noise, Scalar lower, Scalar upper, bool training, bool self_is_result) -> Tensor
  # self_is_result is always false here since double backward call is an out-of-place call, self is input itself
  grad_output: rrelu_with_noise_backward(grad, self, noise, lower, upper, training, false)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: reflection_pad1d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[2] padding) -> Tensor
  grad_output: reflection_pad1d(grad, padding)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: reflection_pad2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[4] padding) -> Tensor
  grad_output: reflection_pad2d(grad, padding)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: replication_pad1d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[2] padding) -> Tensor
  grad_output: replication_pad1d(grad, padding)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: replication_pad2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[4] padding) -> Tensor
  grad_output: replication_pad2d(grad, padding)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: replication_pad3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, int[6] padding) -> Tensor
  grad_output: replication_pad3d(grad, padding)
  self: zeros_like(self)

- name: smooth_l1_loss_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction, float beta) -> Tensor
  grad_output: smooth_l1_loss_double_backward_grad_output(grad, grad_output, self, target, reduction, beta)
  self: smooth_l1_loss_double_backward(grad * grad_output, self, target, reduction, beta)
  target: -smooth_l1_loss_double_backward(grad * grad_output, self, target, reduction, beta)

- name: softplus_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Scalar beta, Scalar threshold, Tensor output) -> Tensor
  grad_output: softplus_backward(grad, self, beta, threshold, output)
  self: softplus_double_backward(grad * grad_output, self, beta, threshold)

- name: _softmax_backward_data(Tensor grad_output, Tensor output, int dim, Tensor self) -> Tensor
  grad_output: _softmax_backward_data(grad.to(output.dtype()), output, dim, self)
  self: softmax_double_backward(grad.to(output.dtype()), grad_output, dim, output).to(self.dtype())

- name: soft_margin_loss_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Tensor target, int reduction) -> Tensor
  grad_output: soft_margin_loss_double_backward_grad_output(grad, grad_output, self, target, reduction)
  self: soft_margin_loss_double_backward(grad * grad_output, self, target, reduction)

- name: softshrink_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Scalar lambd) -> Tensor
  grad_output: softshrink_backward(grad, self, lambd)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: threshold_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor self, Scalar threshold) -> Tensor
  grad_output: threshold_backward(grad, self, threshold)
  self: zeros_like(grad)

- name: upsample_linear1d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[1] output_size, int[3] input_size, bool align_corners, float? scales=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_linear1d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scales)

- name: upsample_bilinear2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[2] output_size, int[4] input_size, bool align_corners, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_bilinear2d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_bicubic2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[2] output_size, int[4] input_size, bool align_corners, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_bicubic2d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_trilinear3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[3] output_size, int[5] input_size, bool align_corners, float? scales_d=None, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_trilinear3d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scales_d, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_nearest1d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[1] output_size, int[3] input_size, float? scales=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_nearest1d(grad, output_size, scales)

- name: upsample_nearest2d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[2] output_size, int[4] input_size, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_nearest2d(grad, output_size, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_nearest3d_backward(Tensor grad_output, int[3] output_size, int[5] input_size, float? scales_d=None, float? scales_h=None, float? scales_w=None) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_nearest3d(grad, output_size, scales_d, scales_h, scales_w)

- name: upsample_linear1d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_linear1d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_bilinear2d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_bilinear2d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_trilinear3d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_trilinear3d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_bicubic2d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, bool align_corners, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_bicubic2d(grad, output_size, align_corners, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_nearest1d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_nearest1d(grad, output_size, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_nearest2d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_nearest2d(grad, output_size, scale_factors)

- name: upsample_nearest3d_backward.vec(Tensor grad_output, int[]? output_size, int[] input_size, float[]? scale_factors) -> Tensor
  grad_output: upsample_nearest3d(grad, output_size, scale_factors)

- name: sigmoid_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor output) -> Tensor
  grad_output: sigmoid_backward(grad, output)
  output: grad * grad_output * (-2 * output + 1)

- name: tanh_backward(Tensor grad_output, Tensor output) -> Tensor
  grad_output: tanh_backward(grad, output)
  output: -2 * output * grad * grad_output

# cudnn
- name: _cudnn_ctc_loss(Tensor log_probs, Tensor targets, int[] input_lengths, int[] target_lengths, int blank, bool deterministic, bool zero_infinity) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  log_probs: _cudnn_ctc_loss_backward(grad, result0, result1, zero_infinity)

- name: cudnn_convolution_transpose(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] output_padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool allow_tf32) -> Tensor
  self, weight: "grad.defined() ? cudnn_convolution_transpose_backward(self, grad, weight, padding, output_padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic, allow_tf32, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: cudnn_convolution_transpose_backward(Tensor self, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] output_padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool allow_tf32, bool[2] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], Tensor(), grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, true, output_padding, groups, benchmark, deterministic, true, allow_tf32, grad_input_mask)

- name: cudnn_convolution(Tensor self, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool allow_tf32) -> Tensor
  self, weight: "grad.defined() ? cudnn_convolution_backward(self, grad, weight, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic, allow_tf32, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: cudnn_convolution_backward(Tensor self, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool allow_tf32, bool[2] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], Tensor(), grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, std::vector<int64_t>(padding.size(), 0), groups, benchmark, deterministic, true, allow_tf32, grad_input_mask)

# The above backward definitions are equivalent to the definitions below.  Why do we bundle
# everything up?  It's because it's more convenient to define double backwards
# when there is a single function that manages everything.
#
# Unfortuantely, there's one downside to not doing it all in one day: we
# unconditionally save input and weight, even if weight/input gradients are not
# being computed.  That's too bad.
#
# input: cudnn_convolution_backward_input(input.sizes(), grad.contiguous(), weight, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic)
# weight: cudnn_convolution_backward_weight(weight.sizes(), grad.contiguous(), input, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic)
#
# input: cudnn_convolution_transpose_backward_input(grad.contiguous(), weight, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic)
# weight: cudnn_convolution_transpose_backward_weight(weight.sizes(), grad.contiguous(), input, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic)

- name: cudnn_grid_sampler(Tensor self, Tensor grid) -> Tensor output
  self, grid: "grad.defined() ? cudnn_grid_sampler_backward(self, grid, grad) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: cudnn_affine_grid_generator(Tensor theta, int N, int C, int H, int W) -> Tensor grid
  theta: cudnn_affine_grid_generator_backward(grad, N, C, H, W)

# NB: Why is the backwards here so complicated?  CuDNN cannot be used to compute
# backward in evaluation mode, because the math for backward in evaluation mode
# is different (since the forward math is different), and CuDNN does not support
# it.  And in any case, you shouldn't be using this bn in evaluation mode,
# because it should be merged into the previous convolution (left for future
# work.)
# NB2: The quotes around the gradient are needed to appease YAML parsing rules.
- name: cudnn_batch_norm(Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, Tensor? running_mean, Tensor? running_var, bool training, float exponential_average_factor, float epsilon) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  input, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? (training ? cudnn_batch_norm_backward(input, grad.contiguous(input.suggest_memory_format()), weight, running_mean, running_var, result1, result2, epsilon, retain_variables ? result3.clone() : result3) : native_batch_norm_backward(grad, input, weight, running_mean, running_var, result1, result2, training, epsilon, grad_input_mask)) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

# HACK: save_mean and save_var are going to be passed in as
# requires_grad variables (even though we'll never backprop through
# them) so we need to prevent the unpacking from triggering an error.
- name: cudnn_batch_norm_backward(Tensor input, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, Tensor? running_mean, Tensor? running_var, Tensor? save_mean, Tensor? save_var, float epsilon, Tensor reserveSpace) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  save_mean: not_implemented("cudnn_batch_norm_backward save_mean")
  save_var: not_implemented("cudnn_batch_norm_backward save_var")
  reserveSpace: not_implemented("cudnn_batch_norm_backward reserveSpace")
  input, weight, grad_output: batchnorm_double_backward(input, weight, grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, running_mean, running_var, true, epsilon, save_mean, save_var, grad_input_mask)

# nnpack

- name: _nnpack_spatial_convolution(Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, int[2] padding, int[2] stride=1) -> Tensor
  # NNPACK does not support strided convolutions in the backwards path, which is the reason why we are using the closest available function that does here.
  input, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? slow_conv_dilated2d_backward(grad, input, weight, std::vector<int64_t>{weight.size(2), weight.size(3)}, stride, padding, std::vector<int64_t>{1, 1}, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

# Only frst three of _cudnn_rnn outputs can have gradients.
# _cudnn_rnn outputs: (output, hy, cy, reserve, weight_buf)
- name: _cudnn_rnn(Tensor input, Tensor[] weight, int weight_stride0, Tensor? weight_buf, Tensor hx, Tensor? cx, int mode, int hidden_size, int num_layers, bool batch_first, float dropout, bool train, bool bidirectional, int[] batch_sizes, Tensor? dropout_state) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  dropout_state: non_differentiable
  output_differentiability: [True, True, True, False, False]
  input, hx, cx, weight: "_cudnn_rnn_backward(input, weight, weight_stride0, result4, hx, cx, result0, grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], mode, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first, dropout, train, bidirectional, batch_sizes, dropout_state, retain_variables ? result3.clone() : result3, grad_input_mask)"

- name: _cudnn_rnn_backward(Tensor input, Tensor[] weight, int weight_stride0, Tensor weight_buf, Tensor hx, Tensor? cx, Tensor output, Tensor? grad_output, Tensor? grad_hy, Tensor? grad_cy, int mode, int hidden_size, int num_layers, bool batch_first, float dropout, bool train, bool bidirectional, int[] batch_sizes, Tensor? dropout_state, Tensor reserve, bool[4] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor[])
  dropout_state: non_differentiable

# miopen

- name: miopen_convolution_transpose(Tensor self, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, int[] padding, int[] output_padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? miopen_convolution_transpose_backward(self, grad, weight, padding, output_padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: miopen_convolution_transpose_backward(Tensor self, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] output_padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, true, output_padding, groups, benchmark, deterministic, true, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: miopen_convolution(Tensor self, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? miopen_convolution_backward(self, grad, weight, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: miopen_convolution_backward(Tensor self, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, std::vector<int64_t>(padding.size(), 0), groups, benchmark, deterministic, true, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: miopen_depthwise_convolution(Tensor self, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? miopen_depthwise_convolution_backward(self, grad, weight, padding, stride, dilation, groups, benchmark, deterministic, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: miopen_depthwise_convolution_backward(Tensor self, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool benchmark, bool deterministic, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, std::vector<int64_t>(padding.size(), 0), groups, benchmark, deterministic, true, false, grad_input_mask)

- name: miopen_batch_norm(Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, Tensor? running_mean, Tensor? running_var, bool training, float exponential_average_factor, float epsilon) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  input, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? (training ? miopen_batch_norm_backward(input, grad.contiguous(), weight, running_mean, running_var, result1, result2, epsilon) : native_batch_norm_backward(grad, input, weight, running_mean, running_var, result1, result2, training, epsilon, grad_input_mask)) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: miopen_batch_norm_backward(Tensor input, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, Tensor? running_mean, Tensor? running_var, Tensor? save_mean, Tensor? save_var, float epsilon) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  save_mean: not_implemented("miopen_batch_norm_backward save_mean")
  save_var: not_implemented("miopen_batch_norm_backward save_var")
  input, weight, grad_output: batchnorm_double_backward(input, weight, grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, running_mean, running_var, true, epsilon, save_mean, save_var, grad_input_mask)

- name: miopen_rnn(Tensor input, Tensor[] weight, int weight_stride0, Tensor hx, Tensor? cx, int mode, int hidden_size, int num_layers, bool batch_first, float dropout, bool train, bool bidirectional, int[] batch_sizes, Tensor? dropout_state) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  dropout_state: non_differentiable
  output_differentiability: [True, True, True, False, False]
  input, hx, cx, weight: "miopen_rnn_backward(input, weight, weight_stride0, result4, hx, cx, result0, grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], mode, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first, dropout, train, bidirectional, batch_sizes, dropout_state, retain_variables ? result3.clone() : result3, grad_input_mask)"

- name: miopen_rnn_backward(Tensor input, Tensor[] weight, int weight_stride0, Tensor weight_buf, Tensor hx, Tensor? cx, Tensor output, Tensor? grad_output, Tensor? grad_hy, Tensor? grad_cy, int mode, int hidden_size, int num_layers, bool batch_first, float dropout, bool train, bool bidirectional, int[] batch_sizes, Tensor? dropout_state, Tensor reserve, bool[4] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor[])
  dropout_state: non_differentiable

# mkldnn
- name: mkldnn_convolution(Tensor self, Tensor weight, Tensor? bias, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups) -> Tensor
  self, weight, bias: "grad.defined() ? mkldnn_convolution_backward(self, grad, weight, padding, stride, dilation, groups, grad_input_mask) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

- name: mkldnn_convolution_backward(Tensor self, Tensor grad_output, Tensor weight, int[] padding, int[] stride, int[] dilation, int groups, bool[3] output_mask) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  grad_output, self, weight: _convolution_double_backward(grads[0], grads[1], grads[2], grad_output, weight, self, stride, padding, dilation, false, std::vector<int64_t>(padding.size(), 0), groups, false, false, false, false, grad_input_mask)

# fft
- name: _fft_with_size.norm_modes(Tensor self, int signal_ndim, bool complex_input, bool complex_output, bool inverse, int[] checked_signal_sizes, int normalization, bool onesided, int[] output_sizes) -> Tensor
  self: fft_backward(self, grad, signal_ndim, complex_input, complex_output, inverse, checked_signal_sizes, normalization, onesided, output_sizes)

- name: unbind.int(Tensor(a) self, int dim=0) -> Tensor(a)[]
  self: unbind_backward(grads, dim)

- name: stack(Tensor[] tensors, int dim=0) -> Tensor
  tensors: "grad.defined() ? unbind(grad, dim) : std::vector<Tensor>(tensors.size())"

# fused RNN kernels

# Only frst two of _thnn_fused_lstm_cell outputs can have gradients.
# _thnn_fused_lstm_cell outputs: (hy, cy, workspace)
- name: _thnn_fused_lstm_cell(Tensor input_gates, Tensor hidden_gates, Tensor cx, Tensor? input_bias=None, Tensor? hidden_bias=None) -> (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)
  output_differentiability: [True, True, False]
  input_gates, hidden_gates, cx, input_bias, hidden_bias: "GradMode::is_enabled() ? _thnn_differentiable_lstm_cell_backward(grads[0], grads[1], input_gates, hidden_gates, input_bias, hidden_bias, cx, result1) : _thnn_fused_lstm_cell_backward(grads[0], grads[1], cx, result1, result2, input_bias.defined())"

- name: _thnn_fused_gru_cell(Tensor input_gates, Tensor hidden_gates, Tensor hx, Tensor? input_bias=None, Tensor? hidden_bias=None) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  input_gates, hidden_gates, hx, input_bias, hidden_bias: "grad.defined() ? (GradMode::is_enabled() ? _thnn_differentiable_gru_cell_backward(grad, input_gates, hidden_gates, hx, input_bias, hidden_bias) : _thnn_fused_gru_cell_backward(grad, result1, input_bias.defined())) : std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor>()"

# PackedSequence helpers
- name: _pack_padded_sequence(Tensor input, Tensor lengths, bool batch_first) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  input: _pack_padded_sequence_backward(grad, input.sizes(), result1, batch_first)

- name: std_mean.dim(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool unbiased=True, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: var_std_mean_backward(grads, self, result0, result1, dim, unbiased, keepdim, true)

- name: var_mean.dim(Tensor self, int[1] dim, bool unbiased=True, bool keepdim=False) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: var_std_mean_backward(grads, self, result0, result1, dim, unbiased, keepdim, false)

- name: std_mean(Tensor self, bool unbiased=True) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: var_std_mean_backward(grads, self, result0, result1, unbiased, true)

- name: var_mean(Tensor self, bool unbiased=True) -> (Tensor, Tensor)
  self: var_std_mean_backward(grads, self, result0, result1, unbiased, false)

# TH wrappers
- name: eq.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: eq.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: ge.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: ge.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: gt.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: gt.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: le.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: le.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: lt.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: lt.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: ne.Scalar(Tensor self, Scalar other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: ne.Tensor(Tensor self, Tensor other) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: multinomial(Tensor self, int num_samples, bool replacement=False, *, Generator? generator=None) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]

- name: nonzero(Tensor self) -> Tensor
  output_differentiability: [False]