树莓派启动时自动连接wifi

[qiwihui]

这篇文章的目的是为了配置树莓派，使其在启动时自动获取静态IP.

启动并连接树莓派

1. 启动树莓派并找到其IP地址

把树莓派用网线连接到路由器上，插上SD卡，打开树莓派电源，等大约90秒.
在Mac上打开命令行终端，输入arp -a命令，可以看到树莓派的ip地址为 192.168.199.199.
当然也可以从路由器后台看到这个IP地址.

$ arp -a
? (169.254.99.51) at (incomplete) on en0 [ethernet]
hiwifi.lan (192.168.199.1) at d4:ee:7:20:18:6e on en0 ifscope [ethernet]
raspberrypi.lan (192.168.199.199) at f0:f6:1c:af:7a:28 on en0 ifscope [ethernet]

2. 使用SSH连接树莓派

输入"ssh pi@192.168.199.199", 根据要求输入密码，默认为raspberry.

$ ssh pi@192.168.199.199
pi@192.168.199.199s password: 
Linux qiwihuisrpi 3.18.7+ #755 PREEMPT Thu Feb 12 17:14:31 GMT 2015 armv6l

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Apr 17 14:45:28 2015 from 192.168.199.186

配置网络连接

1. 设置网络接口文件/etc/network/interfaces

编辑这个文件：

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

添加如下内容：

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
# iface wlan0 inet dhcp # 如果想自动获取ip
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

# 设置静态ip
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.199.199
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.199.1

iface default inet dhcp

2. 设置wpa_supplicant.conf配置文件

编辑文件wpa_supplicant.conf设置连接的网络热点.

$ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

为：

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1

network={
    ssid="YOUR_NETWORK_NAME"
    psk="YOU_NETWORK_PASSWORD"
    proto=RSN
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    pairwise=CCMP
    auth_alg=OPEN
}

其中:

• proto 可以是 RSN (WPA2) 或者 WPA (WPA1).
• key_mgmt 可以是 WPA-PSK (大部分) 或者 WPA-EAP (企业网络)
• pairwise 可以是 CCMP (WPA2) 或者 TKIP (WPA1)
• auth_alg 常为 OPEN, 其他可选为 LEAP 和 SHARED

重启树莓派，之后就会自动连上wifi了.