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qwidget.cpp
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/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2017 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Copyright (C) 2016 Intel Corporation.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the QtWidgets module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL3 included in the
** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 requirements
** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.html.
**
** GNU General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
** General Public License version 2.0 or (at your option) the GNU General
** Public license version 3 or any later version approved by the KDE Free
** Qt Foundation. The licenses are as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL2 and LICENSE.GPL3
** included in the packaging of this file. Please review the following
** information to ensure the GNU General Public License requirements will
** be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html and
** https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html.
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
#include "qapplication.h"
#include "qapplication_p.h"
#include "qbrush.h"
#include "qcursor.h"
#include "qdesktopwidget_p.h"
#include "qevent.h"
#include "qlayout.h"
#if QT_CONFIG(menu)
#include "qmenu.h"
#endif
#include "qmetaobject.h"
#include "qpixmap.h"
#include "qpointer.h"
#include "qstack.h"
#include "qstyle.h"
#include "qstylefactory.h"
#include "qvariant.h"
#include "qwidget.h"
#include "qstyleoption.h"
#include "qstylehints.h"
#ifndef QT_NO_ACCESSIBILITY
# include "qaccessible.h"
#endif
#include <qpa/qplatformwindow.h>
#include "private/qwidgetwindow_p.h"
#include "qpainter.h"
#include "qtooltip.h"
#if QT_CONFIG(whatsthis)
#include "qwhatsthis.h"
#endif
#include "qdebug.h"
#include "private/qstylesheetstyle_p.h"
#include "private/qstyle_p.h"
#include "qfileinfo.h"
#include "qscopeguard.h"
#include <QtGui/private/qhighdpiscaling_p.h>
#include <QtGui/qinputmethod.h>
#include <QtGui/qopenglcontext.h>
#include <QtGui/private/qopenglcontext_p.h>
#include <QtGui/qoffscreensurface.h>
#if QT_CONFIG(graphicseffect)
#include <private/qgraphicseffect_p.h>
#endif
#include <qbackingstore.h>
#include <private/qwidgetrepaintmanager_p.h>
#include <private/qpaintengine_raster_p.h>
#include "qwidget_p.h"
#include <QtGui/private/qwindow_p.h>
#include "qaction_p.h"
#include "qlayout_p.h"
#if QT_CONFIG(graphicsview)
#include "QtWidgets/qgraphicsproxywidget.h"
#include "QtWidgets/qgraphicsscene.h"
#include "private/qgraphicsproxywidget_p.h"
#endif
#include "QtWidgets/qabstractscrollarea.h"
#include "private/qabstractscrollarea_p.h"
#include "private/qevent_p.h"
#include "private/qgesturemanager_p.h"
#ifdef QT_KEYPAD_NAVIGATION
#if QT_CONFIG(tabwidget)
#include "qtabwidget.h" // Needed in inTabWidget()
#endif
#endif // QT_KEYPAD_NAVIGATION
#include "qwindowcontainer_p.h"
#include <QtPlatformHeaders/qxcbwindowfunctions.h>
#include <private/qmemory_p.h>
// widget/widget data creation count
//#define QWIDGET_EXTRA_DEBUG
//#define ALIEN_DEBUG
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(lcWidgetPainting, "qt.widgets.painting", QtWarningMsg);
static inline bool qRectIntersects(const QRect &r1, const QRect &r2)
{
return (qMax(r1.left(), r2.left()) <= qMin(r1.right(), r2.right()) &&
qMax(r1.top(), r2.top()) <= qMin(r1.bottom(), r2.bottom()));
}
extern bool qt_sendSpontaneousEvent(QObject*, QEvent*); // qapplication.cpp
extern QDesktopWidget *qt_desktopWidget; // qapplication.cpp
QWidgetPrivate::QWidgetPrivate(int version)
: QObjectPrivate(version)
, focus_next(0)
, focus_prev(0)
, focus_child(0)
, layout(0)
, needsFlush(0)
, redirectDev(0)
, widgetItem(0)
, extraPaintEngine(0)
, polished(0)
, graphicsEffect(0)
#if !defined(QT_NO_IM)
, imHints(Qt::ImhNone)
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_TOOLTIP
, toolTipDuration(-1)
#endif
, directFontResolveMask(0)
, inheritedFontResolveMask(0)
, inheritedPaletteResolveMask(0)
, leftmargin(0)
, topmargin(0)
, rightmargin(0)
, bottommargin(0)
, leftLayoutItemMargin(0)
, topLayoutItemMargin(0)
, rightLayoutItemMargin(0)
, bottomLayoutItemMargin(0)
, hd(0)
, size_policy(QSizePolicy::Preferred, QSizePolicy::Preferred)
, fg_role(QPalette::NoRole)
, bg_role(QPalette::NoRole)
, dirtyOpaqueChildren(1)
, isOpaque(0)
, retainSizeWhenHiddenChanged(0)
, inDirtyList(0)
, isScrolled(0)
, isMoved(0)
, usesDoubleBufferedGLContext(0)
, mustHaveWindowHandle(0)
, renderToTexture(0)
, textureChildSeen(0)
#ifndef QT_NO_IM
, inheritsInputMethodHints(0)
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_OPENGL
, renderToTextureReallyDirty(1)
, renderToTextureComposeActive(0)
#endif
, childrenHiddenByWState(0)
, childrenShownByExpose(0)
#if defined(Q_OS_WIN)
, noPaintOnScreen(0)
#endif
{
if (Q_UNLIKELY(!qApp)) {
qFatal("QWidget: Must construct a QApplication before a QWidget");
return;
}
#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
// Don't check the version parameter in internal builds.
// This allows incompatible versions to be loaded, possibly for testing.
Q_UNUSED(version);
#else
if (Q_UNLIKELY(version != QObjectPrivateVersion))
qFatal("Cannot mix incompatible Qt library (version 0x%x) with this library (version 0x%x)",
version, QObjectPrivateVersion);
#endif
isWidget = true;
memset(high_attributes, 0, sizeof(high_attributes));
#ifdef QWIDGET_EXTRA_DEBUG
static int count = 0;
qDebug() << "widgets" << ++count;
#endif
}
QWidgetPrivate::~QWidgetPrivate()
{
if (widgetItem)
widgetItem->wid = 0;
if (extra)
deleteExtra();
}
/*!
\internal
*/
void QWidgetPrivate::scrollChildren(int dx, int dy)
{
Q_Q(QWidget);
if (q->children().size() > 0) { // scroll children
QPoint pd(dx, dy);
QObjectList childObjects = q->children();
for (int i = 0; i < childObjects.size(); ++i) { // move all children
QWidget *w = qobject_cast<QWidget*>(childObjects.at(i));
if (w && !w->isWindow()) {
QPoint oldp = w->pos();
QRect r(w->pos() + pd, w->size());
w->data->crect = r;
if (w->testAttribute(Qt::WA_WState_Created))
w->d_func()->setWSGeometry();
w->d_func()->setDirtyOpaqueRegion();
QMoveEvent e(r.topLeft(), oldp);
QCoreApplication::sendEvent(w, &e);
}
}
}
}
void QWidgetPrivate::setWSGeometry()
{
Q_Q(QWidget);
if (QWindow *window = q->windowHandle())
window->setGeometry(data.crect);
}
void QWidgetPrivate::updateWidgetTransform(QEvent *event)
{
Q_Q(QWidget);
if (q == QGuiApplication::focusObject() || event->type() == QEvent::FocusIn) {
QTransform t;
QPoint p = q->mapTo(q->topLevelWidget(), QPoint(0,0));
t.translate(p.x(), p.y());
QGuiApplication::inputMethod()->setInputItemTransform(t);
QGuiApplication::inputMethod()->setInputItemRectangle(q->rect());
QGuiApplication::inputMethod()->update(Qt::ImInputItemClipRectangle);
}
}
#ifdef QT_KEYPAD_NAVIGATION
QPointer<QWidget> QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget;
/*!
Returns \c true if this widget currently has edit focus; otherwise false.
This feature is only available in Qt for Embedded Linux.
\sa setEditFocus(), QApplication::navigationMode()
*/
bool QWidget::hasEditFocus() const
{
const QWidget* w = this;
while (w->d_func()->extra && w->d_func()->extra->focus_proxy)
w = w->d_func()->extra->focus_proxy;
return QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget == w;
}
/*!
\fn void QWidget::setEditFocus(bool enable)
If \a enable is true, make this widget have edit focus, in which
case Qt::Key_Up and Qt::Key_Down will be delivered to the widget
normally; otherwise, Qt::Key_Up and Qt::Key_Down are used to
change focus.
This feature is only available in Qt for Embedded Linux.
\sa hasEditFocus(), QApplication::navigationMode()
*/
void QWidget::setEditFocus(bool on)
{
QWidget *f = this;
while (f->d_func()->extra && f->d_func()->extra->focus_proxy)
f = f->d_func()->extra->focus_proxy;
if (QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget && QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget != f)
QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget->setEditFocus(false);
if (on && !f->hasFocus())
f->setFocus();
if ((!on && !QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget)
|| (on && QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget == f)) {
return;
}
if (!on && QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget == f) {
QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget = 0;
QEvent event(QEvent::LeaveEditFocus);
QCoreApplication::sendEvent(f, &event);
QCoreApplication::sendEvent(f->style(), &event);
} else if (on) {
QWidgetPrivate::editingWidget = f;
QEvent event(QEvent::EnterEditFocus);
QCoreApplication::sendEvent(f, &event);
QCoreApplication::sendEvent(f->style(), &event);
}
}
#endif
/*!
\property QWidget::autoFillBackground
\brief whether the widget background is filled automatically
\since 4.1
If enabled, this property will cause Qt to fill the background of the
widget before invoking the paint event. The color used is defined by the
QPalette::Window color role from the widget's \l{QPalette}{palette}.
In addition, Windows are always filled with QPalette::Window, unless the
WA_OpaquePaintEvent or WA_NoSystemBackground attributes are set.
This property cannot be turned off (i.e., set to false) if a widget's
parent has a static gradient for its background.
\warning Use this property with caution in conjunction with
\l{Qt Style Sheets}. When a widget has a style sheet with a valid
background or a border-image, this property is automatically disabled.
By default, this property is \c false.
\sa Qt::WA_OpaquePaintEvent, Qt::WA_NoSystemBackground,
{QWidget#Transparency and Double Buffering}{Transparency and Double Buffering}
*/
bool QWidget::autoFillBackground() const
{
Q_D(const QWidget);
return d->extra && d->extra->autoFillBackground;
}
void QWidget::setAutoFillBackground(bool enabled)
{
Q_D(QWidget);
if (!d->extra)
d->createExtra();
if (d->extra->autoFillBackground == enabled)
return;
d->extra->autoFillBackground = enabled;
d->updateIsOpaque();
update();
d->updateIsOpaque();
}
/*!
\class QWidget
\brief The QWidget class is the base class of all user interface objects.
\ingroup basicwidgets
\inmodule QtWidgets
The widget is the atom of the user interface: it receives mouse, keyboard
and other events from the window system, and paints a representation of
itself on the screen. Every widget is rectangular, and they are sorted in a
Z-order. A widget is clipped by its parent and by the widgets in front of
it.
A widget that is not embedded in a parent widget is called a window.
Usually, windows have a frame and a title bar, although it is also possible
to create windows without such decoration using suitable
\l{Qt::WindowFlags}{window flags}). In Qt, QMainWindow and the various
subclasses of QDialog are the most common window types.
Every widget's constructor accepts one or two standard arguments:
\list 1
\li \c{QWidget *parent = nullptr} is the parent of the new widget.
If it is \nullptr (the default), the new widget will be a window.
If not, it will be a child of \e parent, and be constrained by
\e parent's geometry (unless you specify Qt::Window as window flag).
\li \c{Qt::WindowFlags f = 0} (where available) sets the window flags;
the default is suitable for almost all widgets, but to get, for
example, a window without a window system frame, you must use
special flags.
\endlist
QWidget has many member functions, but some of them have little direct
functionality; for example, QWidget has a font property, but never uses
this itself. There are many subclasses which provide real functionality,
such as QLabel, QPushButton, QListWidget, and QTabWidget.
\section1 Top-Level and Child Widgets
A widget without a parent widget is always an independent window (top-level
widget). For these widgets, setWindowTitle() and setWindowIcon() set the
title bar and icon respectively.
Non-window widgets are child widgets, displayed within their parent
widgets. Most widgets in Qt are mainly useful as child widgets. For
example, it is possible to display a button as a top-level window, but most
people prefer to put their buttons inside other widgets, such as QDialog.
\image parent-child-widgets.png A parent widget containing various child widgets.
The diagram above shows a QGroupBox widget being used to hold various child
widgets in a layout provided by QGridLayout. The QLabel child widgets have
been outlined to indicate their full sizes.
If you want to use a QWidget to hold child widgets you will usually want to
add a layout to the parent QWidget. See \l{Layout Management} for more
information.
\section1 Composite Widgets
When a widget is used as a container to group a number of child widgets, it
is known as a composite widget. These can be created by constructing a
widget with the required visual properties - a QFrame, for example - and
adding child widgets to it, usually managed by a layout. The above diagram
shows such a composite widget that was created using Qt Designer.
Composite widgets can also be created by subclassing a standard widget,
such as QWidget or QFrame, and adding the necessary layout and child
widgets in the constructor of the subclass. Many of the \l{Qt Widgets Examples}
{examples provided with Qt} use this approach, and it is also covered in
the Qt \l{Tutorials}.
\section1 Custom Widgets and Painting
Since QWidget is a subclass of QPaintDevice, subclasses can be used to
display custom content that is composed using a series of painting
operations with an instance of the QPainter class. This approach contrasts
with the canvas-style approach used by the \l{Graphics View}
{Graphics View Framework} where items are added to a scene by the
application and are rendered by the framework itself.
Each widget performs all painting operations from within its paintEvent()
function. This is called whenever the widget needs to be redrawn, either
as a result of some external change or when requested by the application.
The \l{widgets/analogclock}{Analog Clock example} shows how a simple widget
can handle paint events.
\section1 Size Hints and Size Policies
When implementing a new widget, it is almost always useful to reimplement
sizeHint() to provide a reasonable default size for the widget and to set
the correct size policy with setSizePolicy().
By default, composite widgets which do not provide a size hint will be
sized according to the space requirements of their child widgets.
The size policy lets you supply good default behavior for the layout
management system, so that other widgets can contain and manage yours
easily. The default size policy indicates that the size hint represents
the preferred size of the widget, and this is often good enough for many
widgets.
\note The size of top-level widgets are constrained to 2/3 of the desktop's
height and width. You can resize() the widget manually if these bounds are
inadequate.
\section1 Events
Widgets respond to events that are typically caused by user actions. Qt
delivers events to widgets by calling specific event handler functions with
instances of QEvent subclasses containing information about each event.
If your widget only contains child widgets, you probably do not need to
implement any event handlers. If you want to detect a mouse click in a
child widget call the child's underMouse() function inside the widget's
mousePressEvent().
The \l{widgets/scribble}{Scribble example} implements a wider set of
events to handle mouse movement, button presses, and window resizing.
You will need to supply the behavior and content for your own widgets, but
here is a brief overview of the events that are relevant to QWidget,
starting with the most common ones:
\list
\li paintEvent() is called whenever the widget needs to be repainted.
Every widget displaying custom content must implement it. Painting
using a QPainter can only take place in a paintEvent() or a
function called by a paintEvent().
\li resizeEvent() is called when the widget has been resized.
\li mousePressEvent() is called when a mouse button is pressed while
the mouse cursor is inside the widget, or when the widget has
grabbed the mouse using grabMouse(). Pressing the mouse without
releasing it is effectively the same as calling grabMouse().
\li mouseReleaseEvent() is called when a mouse button is released. A
widget receives mouse release events when it has received the
corresponding mouse press event. This means that if the user
presses the mouse inside \e your widget, then drags the mouse
somewhere else before releasing the mouse button, \e your widget
receives the release event. There is one exception: if a popup menu
appears while the mouse button is held down, this popup immediately
steals the mouse events.
\li mouseDoubleClickEvent() is called when the user double-clicks in
the widget. If the user double-clicks, the widget receives a mouse
press event, a mouse release event, (a mouse click event,) a second
mouse press, this event and finally a second mouse release event.
(Some mouse move events may also be
received if the mouse is not held steady during this operation.) It
is \e{not possible} to distinguish a click from a double-click
until the second click arrives. (This is one reason why most GUI
books recommend that double-clicks be an extension of
single-clicks, rather than trigger a different action.)
\endlist
Widgets that accept keyboard input need to reimplement a few more event
handlers:
\list
\li keyPressEvent() is called whenever a key is pressed, and again when
a key has been held down long enough for it to auto-repeat. The
\uicontrol Tab and \uicontrol Shift+Tab keys are only passed to the widget if
they are not used by the focus-change mechanisms. To force those
keys to be processed by your widget, you must reimplement
QWidget::event().
\li focusInEvent() is called when the widget gains keyboard focus
(assuming you have called setFocusPolicy()). Well-behaved widgets
indicate that they own the keyboard focus in a clear but discreet
way.
\li focusOutEvent() is called when the widget loses keyboard focus.
\endlist
You may be required to also reimplement some of the less common event
handlers:
\list
\li mouseMoveEvent() is called whenever the mouse moves while a mouse
button is held down. This can be useful during drag and drop
operations. If you call \l{setMouseTracking()}{setMouseTracking}(true),
you get mouse move events even when no buttons are held down.
(See also the \l{Drag and Drop} guide.)
\li keyReleaseEvent() is called whenever a key is released and while it
is held down (if the key is auto-repeating). In that case, the
widget will receive a pair of key release and key press event for
every repeat. The \uicontrol Tab and \uicontrol Shift+Tab keys are only passed
to the widget if they are not used by the focus-change mechanisms.
To force those keys to be processed by your widget, you must
reimplement QWidget::event().
\li wheelEvent() is called whenever the user turns the mouse wheel
while the widget has the focus.
\li enterEvent() is called when the mouse enters the widget's screen
space. (This excludes screen space owned by any of the widget's
children.)
\li leaveEvent() is called when the mouse leaves the widget's screen
space. If the mouse enters a child widget it will not cause a
leaveEvent().
\li moveEvent() is called when the widget has been moved relative to
its parent.
\li closeEvent() is called when the user closes the widget (or when
close() is called).
\endlist
There are also some rather obscure events described in the documentation
for QEvent::Type. To handle these events, you need to reimplement event()
directly.
The default implementation of event() handles \uicontrol Tab and \uicontrol Shift+Tab
(to move the keyboard focus), and passes on most of the other events to
one of the more specialized handlers above.
Events and the mechanism used to deliver them are covered in
\l{The Event System}.
\section1 Groups of Functions and Properties
\table
\header \li Context \li Functions and Properties
\row \li Window functions \li
show(),
hide(),
raise(),
lower(),
close().
\row \li Top-level windows \li
\l windowModified, \l windowTitle, \l windowIcon,
\l isActiveWindow, activateWindow(), \l minimized, showMinimized(),
\l maximized, showMaximized(), \l fullScreen, showFullScreen(),
showNormal().
\row \li Window contents \li
update(),
repaint(),
scroll().
\row \li Geometry \li
\l pos, x(), y(), \l rect, \l size, width(), height(), move(), resize(),
\l sizePolicy, sizeHint(), minimumSizeHint(),
updateGeometry(), layout(),
\l frameGeometry, \l geometry, \l childrenRect, \l childrenRegion,
adjustSize(),
mapFromGlobal(), mapToGlobal(),
mapFromParent(), mapToParent(),
\l maximumSize, \l minimumSize, \l sizeIncrement,
\l baseSize, setFixedSize()
\row \li Mode \li
\l visible, isVisibleTo(),
\l enabled, isEnabledTo(),
\l modal,
isWindow(),
\l mouseTracking,
\l updatesEnabled,
visibleRegion().
\row \li Look and feel \li
style(),
setStyle(),
\l styleSheet,
\l cursor,
\l font,
\l palette,
backgroundRole(), setBackgroundRole(),
fontInfo(), fontMetrics().
\row \li Keyboard focus functions \li
\l focus, \l focusPolicy,
setFocus(), clearFocus(), setTabOrder(), setFocusProxy(),
focusNextChild(), focusPreviousChild().
\row \li Mouse and keyboard grabbing \li
grabMouse(), releaseMouse(),
grabKeyboard(), releaseKeyboard(),
mouseGrabber(), keyboardGrabber().
\row \li Event handlers \li
event(),
mousePressEvent(),
mouseReleaseEvent(),
mouseDoubleClickEvent(),
mouseMoveEvent(),
keyPressEvent(),
keyReleaseEvent(),
focusInEvent(),
focusOutEvent(),
wheelEvent(),
enterEvent(),
leaveEvent(),
paintEvent(),
moveEvent(),
resizeEvent(),
closeEvent(),
dragEnterEvent(),
dragMoveEvent(),
dragLeaveEvent(),
dropEvent(),
childEvent(),
showEvent(),
hideEvent(),
customEvent().
changeEvent(),
\row \li System functions \li
parentWidget(), window(), setParent(), winId(),
find(), metric().
\row \li Context menu \li
contextMenuPolicy, contextMenuEvent(),
customContextMenuRequested(), actions()
\row \li Interactive help \li
setToolTip(), setWhatsThis()
\endtable
\section1 Widget Style Sheets
In addition to the standard widget styles for each platform, widgets can
also be styled according to rules specified in a \l{styleSheet}
{style sheet}. This feature enables you to customize the appearance of
specific widgets to provide visual cues to users about their purpose. For
example, a button could be styled in a particular way to indicate that it
performs a destructive action.
The use of widget style sheets is described in more detail in the
\l{Qt Style Sheets} document.
\section1 Transparency and Double Buffering
Since Qt 4.0, QWidget automatically double-buffers its painting, so there
is no need to write double-buffering code in paintEvent() to avoid
flicker.
Since Qt 4.1, the Qt::WA_ContentsPropagated widget attribute has been
deprecated. Instead, the contents of parent widgets are propagated by
default to each of their children as long as Qt::WA_PaintOnScreen is not
set. Custom widgets can be written to take advantage of this feature by
updating irregular regions (to create non-rectangular child widgets), or
painting with colors that have less than full alpha component. The
following diagram shows how attributes and properties of a custom widget
can be fine-tuned to achieve different effects.
\image propagation-custom.png
In the above diagram, a semi-transparent rectangular child widget with an
area removed is constructed and added to a parent widget (a QLabel showing
a pixmap). Then, different properties and widget attributes are set to
achieve different effects:
\list
\li The left widget has no additional properties or widget attributes
set. This default state suits most custom widgets using
transparency, are irregularly-shaped, or do not paint over their
entire area with an opaque brush.
\li The center widget has the \l autoFillBackground property set. This
property is used with custom widgets that rely on the widget to
supply a default background, and do not paint over their entire
area with an opaque brush.
\li The right widget has the Qt::WA_OpaquePaintEvent widget attribute
set. This indicates that the widget will paint over its entire area
with opaque colors. The widget's area will initially be
\e{uninitialized}, represented in the diagram with a red diagonal
grid pattern that shines through the overpainted area. The
Qt::WA_OpaquePaintArea attribute is useful for widgets that need to
paint their own specialized contents quickly and do not need a
default filled background.
\endlist
To rapidly update custom widgets with simple background colors, such as
real-time plotting or graphing widgets, it is better to define a suitable
background color (using setBackgroundRole() with the
QPalette::Window role), set the \l autoFillBackground property, and only
implement the necessary drawing functionality in the widget's paintEvent().
To rapidly update custom widgets that constantly paint over their entire
areas with opaque content, e.g., video streaming widgets, it is better to
set the widget's Qt::WA_OpaquePaintEvent, avoiding any unnecessary overhead
associated with repainting the widget's background.
If a widget has both the Qt::WA_OpaquePaintEvent widget attribute \e{and}
the \l autoFillBackground property set, the Qt::WA_OpaquePaintEvent
attribute takes precedence. Depending on your requirements, you should
choose either one of them.
Since Qt 4.1, the contents of parent widgets are also propagated to
standard Qt widgets. This can lead to some unexpected results if the
parent widget is decorated in a non-standard way, as shown in the diagram
below.
\image propagation-standard.png
The scope for customizing the painting behavior of standard Qt widgets,
without resorting to subclassing, is slightly less than that possible for
custom widgets. Usually, the desired appearance of a standard widget can be
achieved by setting its \l autoFillBackground property.
\section1 Creating Translucent Windows
Since Qt 4.5, it has been possible to create windows with translucent regions
on window systems that support compositing.
To enable this feature in a top-level widget, set its Qt::WA_TranslucentBackground
attribute with setAttribute() and ensure that its background is painted with
non-opaque colors in the regions you want to be partially transparent.
Platform notes:
\list
\li X11: This feature relies on the use of an X server that supports ARGB visuals
and a compositing window manager.
\li Windows: The widget needs to have the Qt::FramelessWindowHint window flag set
for the translucency to work.
\endlist
\section1 Native Widgets vs Alien Widgets
Introduced in Qt 4.4, alien widgets are widgets unknown to the windowing
system. They do not have a native window handle associated with them. This
feature significantly speeds up widget painting, resizing, and removes flicker.
Should you require the old behavior with native windows, you can choose
one of the following options:
\list 1
\li Use the \c{QT_USE_NATIVE_WINDOWS=1} in your environment.
\li Set the Qt::AA_NativeWindows attribute on your application. All
widgets will be native widgets.
\li Set the Qt::WA_NativeWindow attribute on widgets: The widget itself
and all of its ancestors will become native (unless
Qt::WA_DontCreateNativeAncestors is set).
\li Call QWidget::winId to enforce a native window (this implies 3).
\li Set the Qt::WA_PaintOnScreen attribute to enforce a native window
(this implies 3).
\endlist
\sa QEvent, QPainter, QGridLayout, QBoxLayout
*/
QWidgetMapper *QWidgetPrivate::mapper = 0; // widget with wid
QWidgetSet *QWidgetPrivate::allWidgets = 0; // widgets with no wid
/*****************************************************************************
QWidget member functions
*****************************************************************************/
/*
Widget state flags:
\list
\li Qt::WA_WState_Created The widget has a valid winId().
\li Qt::WA_WState_Visible The widget is currently visible.
\li Qt::WA_WState_Hidden The widget is hidden, i.e. it won't
become visible unless you call show() on it. Qt::WA_WState_Hidden
implies !Qt::WA_WState_Visible.
\li Qt::WA_WState_CompressKeys Compress keyboard events.
\li Qt::WA_WState_BlockUpdates Repaints and updates are disabled.
\li Qt::WA_WState_InPaintEvent Currently processing a paint event.
\li Qt::WA_WState_Reparented The widget has been reparented.
\li Qt::WA_WState_ConfigPending A configuration (resize/move) event is pending.
\li Qt::WA_WState_DND (Deprecated) The widget supports drag and drop, see setAcceptDrops().
\endlist
*/
struct QWidgetExceptionCleaner
{
/* this cleans up when the constructor throws an exception */
static inline void cleanup(QWidget *that, QWidgetPrivate *d)
{
#ifdef QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS
Q_UNUSED(that);
Q_UNUSED(d);
#else
QWidgetPrivate::allWidgets->remove(that);
if (d->focus_next != that) {
if (d->focus_next)
d->focus_next->d_func()->focus_prev = d->focus_prev;
if (d->focus_prev)
d->focus_prev->d_func()->focus_next = d->focus_next;
}
#endif
}
};
/*!
Constructs a widget which is a child of \a parent, with widget
flags set to \a f.
If \a parent is \nullptr, the new widget becomes a window. If
\a parent is another widget, this widget becomes a child window
inside \a parent. The new widget is deleted when its \a parent is
deleted.
The widget flags argument, \a f, is normally 0, but it can be set
to customize the frame of a window (i.e. \a parent must be
\nullptr). To customize the frame, use a value composed
from the bitwise OR of any of the \l{Qt::WindowFlags}{window flags}.
If you add a child widget to an already visible widget you must
explicitly show the child to make it visible.
Note that the X11 version of Qt may not be able to deliver all
combinations of style flags on all systems. This is because on
X11, Qt can only ask the window manager, and the window manager
can override the application's settings. On Windows, Qt can set
whatever flags you want.
\sa windowFlags
*/
QWidget::QWidget(QWidget *parent, Qt::WindowFlags f)
: QObject(*new QWidgetPrivate, 0), QPaintDevice()
{
QT_TRY {
d_func()->init(parent, f);
} QT_CATCH(...) {
QWidgetExceptionCleaner::cleanup(this, d_func());
QT_RETHROW;
}
}
/*! \internal
*/
QWidget::QWidget(QWidgetPrivate &dd, QWidget* parent, Qt::WindowFlags f)
: QObject(dd, 0), QPaintDevice()
{
Q_D(QWidget);
QT_TRY {
d->init(parent, f);
} QT_CATCH(...) {
QWidgetExceptionCleaner::cleanup(this, d_func());
QT_RETHROW;
}
}
/*!
\internal
*/
int QWidget::devType() const
{
return QInternal::Widget;
}
//### w is a "this" ptr, passed as a param because QWorkspace needs special logic
void QWidgetPrivate::adjustFlags(Qt::WindowFlags &flags, QWidget *w)
{
bool customize = (flags & (Qt::CustomizeWindowHint
| Qt::FramelessWindowHint
| Qt::WindowTitleHint
| Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint
| Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint
| Qt::WindowMaximizeButtonHint
| Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint
| Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint));
uint type = (flags & Qt::WindowType_Mask);
if ((type == Qt::Widget || type == Qt::SubWindow) && w && !w->parent()) {
type = Qt::Window;
flags |= Qt::Window;
}
if (flags & Qt::CustomizeWindowHint) {
// modify window flags to make them consistent.
// Only enable this on non-Mac platforms. Since the old way of doing this would
// interpret WindowSystemMenuHint as a close button and we can't change that behavior
// we can't just add this in.
if ((flags & (Qt::WindowMinMaxButtonsHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint | Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint))
# ifdef Q_OS_WIN
&& type != Qt::Dialog // QTBUG-2027, allow for menu-less dialogs.
# endif
) {
flags |= Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint;
flags |= Qt::WindowTitleHint;
flags &= ~Qt::FramelessWindowHint;
}
} else if (customize && !(flags & Qt::FramelessWindowHint)) {
// if any of the window hints that affect the titlebar are set
// and the window is supposed to have frame, we add a titlebar
// and system menu by default.
flags |= Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint;
flags |= Qt::WindowTitleHint;
}
if (customize)
; // don't modify window flags if the user explicitly set them.
else if (type == Qt::Dialog || type == Qt::Sheet) {
flags |= Qt::WindowTitleHint | Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint;
// ### fixme: Qt 6: Never set Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint flag automatically
if (!QApplicationPrivate::testAttribute(Qt::AA_DisableWindowContextHelpButton))
flags |= Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint;
} else if (type == Qt::Tool)
flags |= Qt::WindowTitleHint | Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint;
else
flags |= Qt::WindowTitleHint | Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint | Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint |
Qt::WindowMaximizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint | Qt::WindowFullscreenButtonHint;
if (w->testAttribute(Qt::WA_TransparentForMouseEvents))
flags |= Qt::WindowTransparentForInput;
}
void QWidgetPrivate::init(QWidget *parentWidget, Qt::WindowFlags f)
{
Q_Q(QWidget);
Q_ASSERT_X(q != parentWidget, Q_FUNC_INFO, "Cannot parent a QWidget to itself");
if (Q_UNLIKELY(!qobject_cast<QApplication *>(QCoreApplication::instance())))
qFatal("QWidget: Cannot create a QWidget without QApplication");
Q_ASSERT(allWidgets);
if (allWidgets)
allWidgets->insert(q);
int targetScreen = -1;
if (parentWidget && parentWidget->windowType() == Qt::Desktop) {
const QDesktopScreenWidget *sw = qobject_cast<const QDesktopScreenWidget *>(parentWidget);
targetScreen = sw ? sw->screenNumber() : 0;
parentWidget = 0;
}