Tafseer e Kabeer is one of the most famous and influential commentaries on the Quran written by Imam Fakhar Ud Din Razi (1149-1209), a renowned scholar of Islam. The original work consists of 32 volumes in Arabic, covering all the verses of the Quran in detail. Tafseer e Kabeer is also known as Mafatih al-Ghayb (Keys to the Unseen) because it contains many insights and interpretations that are not found in other tafsirs.
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Imam Razi was a master of various disciplines, such as theology, philosophy, logic, grammar, rhetoric, history, and hadith. He used his vast knowledge and analytical skills to explain the Quran from different perspectives and to address various issues and questions that arise from its verses. He also refuted the views of other sects and schools of thought that he disagreed with, such as the Mu'tazilites, the Ash'arites, the Shiites, and the Sufis.
Tafseer e Kabeer is not only a commentary on the Quran, but also a comprehensive encyclopedia of Islamic sciences. It covers topics such as the principles of tafsir, the history of revelation, the abrogation of verses, the miraculous nature of the Quran, the linguistic and rhetorical features of the Quran, the scientific and philosophical aspects of the Quran, the ethical and legal implications of the Quran, and the eschatological and mystical aspects of the Quran.
Tafseer e Kabeer has been translated into several languages, including Urdu. The Urdu translation is called Fazal e Qadeer and it was done by Maulana Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui in 11 volumes. The translation is faithful to the original text and preserves its style and structure. The translation also includes footnotes and references to other sources.
The PDF version of Fazal e Qadeer is available online for free download. The PDF file for volume 11 contains page 898 which explains verse 28 of Surah Al-Ma'ida (The Table Spread). The verse reads:
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"If you stretch out your hand against me to kill me, I shall never stretch out my hand against you to kill you: for I fear Allah, Lord of all beings."
Imam Razi comments on this verse by saying that it shows the high moral character of Abel who refused to retaliate against his brother Cain who wanted to kill him. He also says that this verse teaches us to avoid violence and bloodshed and to trust in Allah's justice and mercy.
Imam Razi also discusses the reasons why Cain wanted to kill Abel in the first place. He says that there are two opinions among the scholars. One opinion is that Cain was jealous of Abel because his sacrifice was accepted by Allah while his own was rejected. The other opinion is that Cain wanted to marry his twin sister who was more beautiful than Abel's twin sister, but Allah had ordained that each brother should marry the twin sister of the other.
Imam Razi then analyzes the arguments of both opinions and concludes that the second opinion is more plausible and supported by evidence. He says that the Quran does not mention anything about the sacrifices of Cain and Abel, but only mentions their dispute over their sisters. He also cites some hadiths and historical reports that confirm this opinion. He also refutes some objections raised by those who favor the first opinion.
Imam Razi then moves on to the next verse which reads:
"Lo! I intend to let you draw upon yourself my sin as well as yours and then you will be one of the owners of the Fire. That is the reward of evil-doers."
Imam Razi explains that this verse shows the cunning and wickedness of Cain who tried to deceive his brother by pretending to repent and asking him to share his sin. He says that this verse also shows the severity of the punishment for murder and injustice in Islam. He says that whoever kills an innocent person unjustly will bear the burden of his own sin as well as the sin of the victim who was deprived of his life and his good deeds. 8cf37b1e13