- Parliamentary form of government
- Idea of single citizenship
- Idea of rule of law
- Institution of Speaker and his/her role
- Lawmaking procedure
- Procedure established by law
- US Bill of rights
- Federal Structure of government
- Electoral College
- Independence of the judiciary and seperation of powers among the three branches of government
- Judicial Review
- President as supreme commander of armed forces
- Equal Protection under law
- Directive principles of state policy
- Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states
- Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties, even on matters outside normal federal jurisdiction
- Concurrent list
- Terminology for the preamble
- Ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity
- A quasi-federal form of government
- a federal system with a strong central government
- Distribution of powers between central government and state governments
- Fundamental Duties u/a 51-A
- A constitutionally mandated planning commission to oversee the development of the economy
- Germany
- Emergency Provision
- South Africa
- Amendment of Constitution
- Japan
- Due procedure of law
| Article | Deals With |
|---|---|
| 1 | Name and Territory of Union |
| 2 | New States Formation, Alteration of Boundaries etc. |
| 13 | Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights |
| 14 | Right to Equality |
| 15 | Prohibition of Discrimination |
| 16 | Equality in case of Public Employment |
| 17 | Abolition of Untouchability |
| 18 | Abolition of Titles |
| 19 | Right to Freedom |
| 19A | Freedom of Speech & Expression |
| 19D | Right to move freely in India |
| 19G | Freedom to practise any profession |
| 21 | Right to Life and Personal Liberty |
| 21A | Right to Education |
| 23 | Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour |
| 24 | Prohibition of child labour |
| 25 | Freedom to practise & propagate religion freely |
| 29 | Prohibition of Interests of Minorities |
| 32 | Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights |
| 44 | Uniform Civil Code |
| 50 | Seperation of Judiciary from Executive |
| 51A | Fundamental Duties |
| 72 | Powers of President to Grant Pardons etc. |
| 76 | Attorney-General of India |
| 78 | Duties of PM |
| 85 | Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation & Dissolution |
| 100 | Voting in Houses |
| 105 | Powers and Privilege of MPs |
| 106 | Salaries and Allowances of MPs |
| 109 | Money Bills |
| 112 | Budget |
| 148 | Comptroller and Auditor-General of India |
| 280 | Finance Commission |
| 312 | All India Services |
| 335 | SCs and STs claim to Services and Posts |
| 343 | Official Language |
| 352 | National Emergency |
| 356 | President's Rule |
| 360 | Financial Emergency |
| 368 | Ammendment of Constitution |
List in the Constitution that categorise and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the government
- TEARS OF OLD PM
- territory
- emoluments
- affirmation/oaths
- rajya sabha
- scheduled areas
- other scheduled areas
- federal provisions
- official languages
- land reforms
- defection
- panchayat
- municipalities
- Article 1 and 4
- List the states and territories of india
- Lists any change to their borders and the laws used to make that change
- Lists the salaries of officials holding public offices, judges and CAG
- Forms of Oath
- Lists the oath of offices for elected officials and judges
- Details the allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha per state or ut
- Provides for administration and control of scheduled areas and schduled tribes
- These areas and tribes need special protection due to disadvantageous conditions
- Provisions made for administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
- Article 246
- The union, state and concurrent lists of responsibilities
- Article 344(1) and 351
- The official languages
- Validation of certains acts and regulations
- Land reforms
- Anti-defection provisions for MP and Members of state legislatures
- Panchayat Raj
- rural local government
- Municipalities
- urban local government
Power to issue writs is primarily a provision made to make available the Right to Constitutional Remedies to every citizen .
- You must have the body
- Bring the detained person before the court so as to enable the court to decide the validity, jurisdiction or justification for such detention
- Gopalan vs GoI
- What is your authority
- Used to judicially control executive action in the matter of making appointments to public offices under relevant statutory provisions
- Command issued by a court directing an authority to perform a public duty imposed upon it by law
- Bombay Municipality vs Advance Builders
- inform
- issued by Supreme Court (Art. 32)
- issued by High Court (Art. 226)
- direct inferior courts, tribunals or authorities
- transmit to the court the record of proceedings disposed of or pending therein for scrutiny, and, if necessary, for quashing the same
- But can not be called for an act or ordinance
- issued when inferior court or tribunal
- proceeds to act without jurisdiction or in excess of jurisdiction
- proceeds to act in violation of rules of natural justice
- proceeds to act under a law which is itself ultra vires or unconstitutional
- proceeds to act in contravention of fundamental rights
| Amendment | Year | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 1956 | Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis and abolition of class A, B, C and D states |
| 42 | 1976 | Fundamental Duties prescribed, India became Socialist Secular Republic |
| 44 | 1978 | Right to Property deleted |
| 45 | 1980 | Extended the period of SC/ST reservation for 10 more years (till 1990) |
| 52 | 1985 | Defection to another party after election made illegal |
| 61 | 1989 | Voting age reduced to 18 from 21 |
| 86 | 2002 | Free and compulsory education to children b/w 6 and 14 |
| 101 | 2016 | GST |
- Part III (Article 12-35)
- |Article|Deals With| |-------|----------| |12|Definition of Fundamental Rights| |13|Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights| |14|Equality before law| |15|Prohibition of Discrimination| |16|Equality in case of Public Employment| |17|Abolition of Untouchability| |18|Abolition of Titles| |19|Right to Freedom| |19A|Freedom of Speech & Expression| |19B|Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms| |19C|Freedom to form associations or unions| |19D|Right to move freely in India| |19E|Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India| |19F|Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business| |19G|Freedom to practise any profession| |20|Protection in respect of conviction for offenses| |21|Right to Life and Personal Liberty| |21A|Right to Education| |22|Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases| |23|Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour| |24|Prohibition of child labour| |25|Freedom to practise & propagate religion freely| |26|Freedom to manage religious affairs| |27|Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular region| |28|Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions| |29|Protection of Interests of Minorities| |30|Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions| |31|Compulsory acquisition of property| |32|Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights|