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flashrom.c
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flashrom.c
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/*
* This file is part of the flashrom project.
*
* Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Integrated System Corporation
* Copyright (C) 2004 Tyan Corp <yhlu@tyan.com>
* Copyright (C) 2005-2008 coresystems GmbH
* Copyright (C) 2008,2009 Carl-Daniel Hailfinger
* Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Raptor Engineering, LLC
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifndef __LIBPAYLOAD__
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#if HAVE_UTSNAME == 1
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#endif
#include "flash.h"
#include "flashchips.h"
#include "programmer.h"
#include "hwaccess.h"
const char flashrom_version[] = FLASHROM_VERSION;
const char *chip_to_probe = NULL;
static enum programmer programmer = PROGRAMMER_INVALID;
static const char *programmer_param = NULL;
/*
* Programmers supporting multiple buses can have differing size limits on
* each bus. Store the limits for each bus in a common struct.
*/
struct decode_sizes max_rom_decode;
/* If nonzero, used as the start address of bottom-aligned flash. */
unsigned long flashbase;
/* Is writing allowed with this programmer? */
int programmer_may_write;
const struct programmer_entry programmer_table[] = {
#if CONFIG_INTERNAL == 1
{
.name = "internal",
.type = OTHER,
.devs.note = NULL,
.init = internal_init,
.map_flash_region = physmap,
.unmap_flash_region = physunmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_DUMMY == 1
{
.name = "dummy",
.type = OTHER,
/* FIXME */
.devs.note = "Dummy device, does nothing and logs all accesses\n",
.init = dummy_init,
.map_flash_region = dummy_map,
.unmap_flash_region = dummy_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_NIC3COM == 1
{
.name = "nic3com",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = nics_3com,
.init = nic3com_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_NICREALTEK == 1
{
/* This programmer works for Realtek RTL8139 and SMC 1211. */
.name = "nicrealtek",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = nics_realtek,
.init = nicrealtek_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_NICNATSEMI == 1
{
.name = "nicnatsemi",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = nics_natsemi,
.init = nicnatsemi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_GFXNVIDIA == 1
{
.name = "gfxnvidia",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = gfx_nvidia,
.init = gfxnvidia_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_AST1100 == 1
{
.name = "ast1100",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = bmc_aspeed_ast1100,
.init = ast1100_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_AST2400 == 1
{
.name = "ast2400",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = bmc_aspeed_ast2400,
.init = ast2400_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_DRKAISER == 1
{
.name = "drkaiser",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = drkaiser_pcidev,
.init = drkaiser_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_SATASII == 1
{
.name = "satasii",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = satas_sii,
.init = satasii_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_ATAHPT == 1
{
.name = "atahpt",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = ata_hpt,
.init = atahpt_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_ATAVIA == 1
{
.name = "atavia",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = ata_via,
.init = atavia_init,
.map_flash_region = atavia_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_ATAPROMISE == 1
{
.name = "atapromise",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = ata_promise,
.init = atapromise_init,
.map_flash_region = atapromise_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_IT8212 == 1
{
.name = "it8212",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = devs_it8212,
.init = it8212_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_FT2232_SPI == 1
{
.name = "ft2232_spi",
.type = USB,
.devs.dev = devs_ft2232spi,
.init = ft2232_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_SERPROG == 1
{
.name = "serprog",
.type = OTHER,
/* FIXME */
.devs.note = "All programmer devices speaking the serprog protocol\n",
.init = serprog_init,
.map_flash_region = serprog_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = serprog_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_BUSPIRATE_SPI == 1
{
.name = "buspirate_spi",
.type = OTHER,
/* FIXME */
.devs.note = "Dangerous Prototypes Bus Pirate\n",
.init = buspirate_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_DEDIPROG == 1
{
.name = "dediprog",
.type = USB,
.devs.dev = devs_dediprog,
.init = dediprog_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_RAYER_SPI == 1
{
.name = "rayer_spi",
.type = OTHER,
/* FIXME */
.devs.note = "RayeR parallel port programmer\n",
.init = rayer_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_PONY_SPI == 1
{
.name = "pony_spi",
.type = OTHER,
/* FIXME */
.devs.note = "Programmers compatible with SI-Prog, serbang or AJAWe\n",
.init = pony_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_NICINTEL == 1
{
.name = "nicintel",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = nics_intel,
.init = nicintel_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_NICINTEL_SPI == 1
{
.name = "nicintel_spi",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = nics_intel_spi,
.init = nicintel_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_NICINTEL_EEPROM == 1
{
.name = "nicintel_eeprom",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = nics_intel_ee,
.init = nicintel_ee_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_OGP_SPI == 1
{
.name = "ogp_spi",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = ogp_spi,
.init = ogp_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_SATAMV == 1
{
.name = "satamv",
.type = PCI,
.devs.dev = satas_mv,
.init = satamv_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_LINUX_SPI == 1
{
.name = "linux_spi",
.type = OTHER,
.devs.note = "Device files /dev/spidev*.*\n",
.init = linux_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_USBBLASTER_SPI == 1
{
.name = "usbblaster_spi",
.type = USB,
.devs.dev = devs_usbblasterspi,
.init = usbblaster_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_MSTARDDC_SPI == 1
{
.name = "mstarddc_spi",
.type = OTHER,
.devs.note = "MSTAR DDC devices addressable via /dev/i2c-* on Linux.\n",
.init = mstarddc_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_PICKIT2_SPI == 1
{
.name = "pickit2_spi",
.type = USB,
.devs.dev = devs_pickit2_spi,
.init = pickit2_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = internal_delay,
},
#endif
#if CONFIG_CH341A_SPI == 1
{
.name = "ch341a_spi",
.type = USB,
.devs.dev = devs_ch341a_spi,
.init = ch341a_spi_init,
.map_flash_region = fallback_map,
.unmap_flash_region = fallback_unmap,
.delay = ch341a_spi_delay,
},
#endif
{0}, /* This entry corresponds to PROGRAMMER_INVALID. */
};
#define SHUTDOWN_MAXFN 32
static int shutdown_fn_count = 0;
struct shutdown_func_data {
int (*func) (void *data);
void *data;
} static shutdown_fn[SHUTDOWN_MAXFN];
/* Initialize to 0 to make sure nobody registers a shutdown function before
* programmer init.
*/
static int may_register_shutdown = 0;
/* Did we change something or was every erase/write skipped (if any)? */
static bool all_skipped = true;
static int check_block_eraser(const struct flashctx *flash, int k, int log);
int shutdown_free(void *data)
{
free(data);
return 0;
}
/* Register a function to be executed on programmer shutdown.
* The advantage over atexit() is that you can supply a void pointer which will
* be used as parameter to the registered function upon programmer shutdown.
* This pointer can point to arbitrary data used by said function, e.g. undo
* information for GPIO settings etc. If unneeded, set data=NULL.
* Please note that the first (void *data) belongs to the function signature of
* the function passed as first parameter.
*/
int register_shutdown(int (*function) (void *data), void *data)
{
if (shutdown_fn_count >= SHUTDOWN_MAXFN) {
msg_perr("Tried to register more than %i shutdown functions.\n",
SHUTDOWN_MAXFN);
return 1;
}
if (!may_register_shutdown) {
msg_perr("Tried to register a shutdown function before "
"programmer init.\n");
return 1;
}
shutdown_fn[shutdown_fn_count].func = function;
shutdown_fn[shutdown_fn_count].data = data;
shutdown_fn_count++;
return 0;
}
int programmer_init(enum programmer prog, const char *param)
{
int ret;
if (prog >= PROGRAMMER_INVALID) {
msg_perr("Invalid programmer specified!\n");
return -1;
}
programmer = prog;
/* Initialize all programmer specific data. */
/* Default to unlimited decode sizes. */
max_rom_decode = (const struct decode_sizes) {
.parallel = 0xffffffff,
.lpc = 0xffffffff,
.fwh = 0xffffffff,
.spi = 0xffffffff,
};
/* Default to top aligned flash at 4 GB. */
flashbase = 0;
/* Registering shutdown functions is now allowed. */
may_register_shutdown = 1;
/* Default to allowing writes. Broken programmers set this to 0. */
programmer_may_write = 1;
programmer_param = param;
msg_pdbg("Initializing %s programmer\n", programmer_table[programmer].name);
ret = programmer_table[programmer].init();
if (programmer_param && strlen(programmer_param)) {
if (ret != 0) {
/* It is quite possible that any unhandled programmer parameter would have been valid,
* but an error in actual programmer init happened before the parameter was evaluated.
*/
msg_pwarn("Unhandled programmer parameters (possibly due to another failure): %s\n",
programmer_param);
} else {
/* Actual programmer init was successful, but the user specified an invalid or unusable
* (for the current programmer configuration) parameter.
*/
msg_perr("Unhandled programmer parameters: %s\n", programmer_param);
msg_perr("Aborting.\n");
ret = ERROR_FATAL;
}
}
return ret;
}
/** Calls registered shutdown functions and resets internal programmer-related variables.
* Calling it is safe even without previous initialization, but further interactions with programmer support
* require a call to programmer_init() (afterwards).
*
* @return The OR-ed result values of all shutdown functions (i.e. 0 on success). */
int programmer_shutdown(void)
{
int ret = 0;
/* Registering shutdown functions is no longer allowed. */
may_register_shutdown = 0;
while (shutdown_fn_count > 0) {
int i = --shutdown_fn_count;
ret |= shutdown_fn[i].func(shutdown_fn[i].data);
}
programmer_param = NULL;
registered_master_count = 0;
return ret;
}
void *programmer_map_flash_region(const char *descr, uintptr_t phys_addr, size_t len)
{
void *ret = programmer_table[programmer].map_flash_region(descr, phys_addr, len);
msg_gspew("%s: mapping %s from 0x%0*" PRIxPTR " to 0x%0*" PRIxPTR "\n",
__func__, descr, PRIxPTR_WIDTH, phys_addr, PRIxPTR_WIDTH, (uintptr_t) ret);
return ret;
}
void programmer_unmap_flash_region(void *virt_addr, size_t len)
{
programmer_table[programmer].unmap_flash_region(virt_addr, len);
msg_gspew("%s: unmapped 0x%0*" PRIxPTR "\n", __func__, PRIxPTR_WIDTH, (uintptr_t)virt_addr);
}
void chip_writeb(const struct flashctx *flash, uint8_t val, chipaddr addr)
{
flash->mst->par.chip_writeb(flash, val, addr);
}
void chip_writew(const struct flashctx *flash, uint16_t val, chipaddr addr)
{
flash->mst->par.chip_writew(flash, val, addr);
}
void chip_writel(const struct flashctx *flash, uint32_t val, chipaddr addr)
{
flash->mst->par.chip_writel(flash, val, addr);
}
void chip_writen(const struct flashctx *flash, const uint8_t *buf, chipaddr addr, size_t len)
{
flash->mst->par.chip_writen(flash, buf, addr, len);
}
uint8_t chip_readb(const struct flashctx *flash, const chipaddr addr)
{
return flash->mst->par.chip_readb(flash, addr);
}
uint16_t chip_readw(const struct flashctx *flash, const chipaddr addr)
{
return flash->mst->par.chip_readw(flash, addr);
}
uint32_t chip_readl(const struct flashctx *flash, const chipaddr addr)
{
return flash->mst->par.chip_readl(flash, addr);
}
void chip_readn(const struct flashctx *flash, uint8_t *buf, chipaddr addr,
size_t len)
{
flash->mst->par.chip_readn(flash, buf, addr, len);
}
void programmer_delay(unsigned int usecs)
{
if (usecs > 0)
programmer_table[programmer].delay(usecs);
}
int read_memmapped(struct flashctx *flash, uint8_t *buf, unsigned int start,
int unsigned len)
{
chip_readn(flash, buf, flash->virtual_memory + start, len);
return 0;
}
/* This is a somewhat hacked function similar in some ways to strtok().
* It will look for needle with a subsequent '=' in haystack, return a copy of
* needle and remove everything from the first occurrence of needle to the next
* delimiter from haystack.
*/
char *extract_param(const char *const *haystack, const char *needle, const char *delim)
{
char *param_pos, *opt_pos, *rest;
char *opt = NULL;
int optlen;
int needlelen;
needlelen = strlen(needle);
if (!needlelen) {
msg_gerr("%s: empty needle! Please report a bug at "
"flashrom@flashrom.org\n", __func__);
return NULL;
}
/* No programmer parameters given. */
if (*haystack == NULL)
return NULL;
param_pos = strstr(*haystack, needle);
do {
if (!param_pos)
return NULL;
/* Needle followed by '='? */
if (param_pos[needlelen] == '=') {
/* Beginning of the string? */
if (param_pos == *haystack)
break;
/* After a delimiter? */
if (strchr(delim, *(param_pos - 1)))
break;
}
/* Continue searching. */
param_pos++;
param_pos = strstr(param_pos, needle);
} while (1);
if (param_pos) {
/* Get the string after needle and '='. */
opt_pos = param_pos + needlelen + 1;
optlen = strcspn(opt_pos, delim);
/* Return an empty string if the parameter was empty. */
opt = malloc(optlen + 1);
if (!opt) {
msg_gerr("Out of memory!\n");
exit(1);
}
strncpy(opt, opt_pos, optlen);
opt[optlen] = '\0';
rest = opt_pos + optlen;
/* Skip all delimiters after the current parameter. */
rest += strspn(rest, delim);
memmove(param_pos, rest, strlen(rest) + 1);
/* We could shrink haystack, but the effort is not worth it. */
}
return opt;
}
char *extract_programmer_param(const char *param_name)
{
return extract_param(&programmer_param, param_name, ",");
}
/* Returns the number of well-defined erasers for a chip. */
static unsigned int count_usable_erasers(const struct flashctx *flash)
{
unsigned int usable_erasefunctions = 0;
int k;
for (k = 0; k < NUM_ERASEFUNCTIONS; k++) {
if (!check_block_eraser(flash, k, 0))
usable_erasefunctions++;
}
return usable_erasefunctions;
}
static int compare_range(const uint8_t *wantbuf, const uint8_t *havebuf, unsigned int start, unsigned int len)
{
int ret = 0, failcount = 0;
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (wantbuf[i] != havebuf[i]) {
/* Only print the first failure. */
if (!failcount++)
msg_cerr("FAILED at 0x%08x! Expected=0x%02x, Found=0x%02x,",
start + i, wantbuf[i], havebuf[i]);
}
}
if (failcount) {
msg_cerr(" failed byte count from 0x%08x-0x%08x: 0x%x\n",
start, start + len - 1, failcount);
ret = -1;
}
return ret;
}
/* start is an offset to the base address of the flash chip */
int check_erased_range(struct flashctx *flash, unsigned int start,
unsigned int len)
{
int ret;
uint8_t *cmpbuf = malloc(len);
if (!cmpbuf) {
msg_gerr("Could not allocate memory!\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(cmpbuf, 0xff, len);
ret = verify_range(flash, cmpbuf, start, len);
free(cmpbuf);
return ret;
}
/*
* @cmpbuf buffer to compare against, cmpbuf[0] is expected to match the
* flash content at location start
* @start offset to the base address of the flash chip
* @len length of the verified area
* @return 0 for success, -1 for failure
*/
int verify_range(struct flashctx *flash, const uint8_t *cmpbuf, unsigned int start, unsigned int len)
{
if (!len)
return -1;
if (!flash->chip->read) {
msg_cerr("ERROR: flashrom has no read function for this flash chip.\n");
return -1;
}
uint8_t *readbuf = malloc(len);
if (!readbuf) {
msg_gerr("Could not allocate memory!\n");
return -1;
}
int ret = 0;
if (start + len > flash->chip->total_size * 1024) {
msg_gerr("Error: %s called with start 0x%x + len 0x%x >"
" total_size 0x%x\n", __func__, start, len,
flash->chip->total_size * 1024);
ret = -1;
goto out_free;
}
ret = flash->chip->read(flash, readbuf, start, len);
if (ret) {
msg_gerr("Verification impossible because read failed "
"at 0x%x (len 0x%x)\n", start, len);
ret = -1;
goto out_free;
}
ret = compare_range(cmpbuf, readbuf, start, len);
out_free:
free(readbuf);
return ret;
}
/* Helper function for need_erase() that focuses on granularities of gran bytes. */
static int need_erase_gran_bytes(const uint8_t *have, const uint8_t *want, unsigned int len, unsigned int gran)
{
unsigned int i, j, limit;
for (j = 0; j < len / gran; j++) {
limit = min (gran, len - j * gran);
/* Are 'have' and 'want' identical? */
if (!memcmp(have + j * gran, want + j * gran, limit))
continue;
/* have needs to be in erased state. */
for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
if (have[j * gran + i] != 0xff)
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Check if the buffer @have can be programmed to the content of @want without
* erasing. This is only possible if all chunks of size @gran are either kept
* as-is or changed from an all-ones state to any other state.
*
* Warning: This function assumes that @have and @want point to naturally
* aligned regions.
*
* @have buffer with current content
* @want buffer with desired content
* @len length of the checked area
* @gran write granularity (enum, not count)
* @return 0 if no erase is needed, 1 otherwise
*/
int need_erase(const uint8_t *have, const uint8_t *want, unsigned int len, enum write_granularity gran)
{
int result = 0;
unsigned int i;
switch (gran) {
case write_gran_1bit:
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
if ((have[i] & want[i]) != want[i]) {
result = 1;
break;
}
break;
case write_gran_1byte:
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
if ((have[i] != want[i]) && (have[i] != 0xff)) {
result = 1;
break;
}
break;
case write_gran_128bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 128);
break;
case write_gran_256bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 256);
break;
case write_gran_264bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 264);
break;
case write_gran_512bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 512);
break;
case write_gran_528bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 528);
break;
case write_gran_1024bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 1024);
break;
case write_gran_1056bytes:
result = need_erase_gran_bytes(have, want, len, 1056);
break;
case write_gran_1byte_implicit_erase:
/* Do not erase, handle content changes from anything->0xff by writing 0xff. */
result = 0;
break;
default:
msg_cerr("%s: Unsupported granularity! Please report a bug at "
"flashrom@flashrom.org\n", __func__);
}
return result;
}
/**
* Check if the buffer @have needs to be programmed to get the content of @want.
* If yes, return 1 and fill in first_start with the start address of the
* write operation and first_len with the length of the first to-be-written
* chunk. If not, return 0 and leave first_start and first_len undefined.
*
* Warning: This function assumes that @have and @want point to naturally
* aligned regions.
*
* @have buffer with current content
* @want buffer with desired content
* @len length of the checked area
* @gran write granularity (enum, not count)
* @first_start offset of the first byte which needs to be written (passed in
* value is increased by the offset of the first needed write
* relative to have/want or unchanged if no write is needed)
* @return length of the first contiguous area which needs to be written
* 0 if no write is needed
*
* FIXME: This function needs a parameter which tells it about coalescing
* in relation to the max write length of the programmer and the max write
* length of the chip.
*/
static unsigned int get_next_write(const uint8_t *have, const uint8_t *want, unsigned int len,
unsigned int *first_start,
enum write_granularity gran)
{
int need_write = 0;
unsigned int rel_start = 0, first_len = 0;
unsigned int i, limit, stride;
switch (gran) {
case write_gran_1bit:
case write_gran_1byte:
case write_gran_1byte_implicit_erase:
stride = 1;
break;
case write_gran_128bytes:
stride = 128;
break;
case write_gran_256bytes:
stride = 256;
break;
case write_gran_264bytes:
stride = 264;
break;
case write_gran_512bytes:
stride = 512;
break;
case write_gran_528bytes:
stride = 528;
break;
case write_gran_1024bytes:
stride = 1024;
break;
case write_gran_1056bytes:
stride = 1056;
break;
default:
msg_cerr("%s: Unsupported granularity! Please report a bug at "
"flashrom@flashrom.org\n", __func__);
/* Claim that no write was needed. A write with unknown
* granularity is too dangerous to try.
*/
return 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < len / stride; i++) {
limit = min(stride, len - i * stride);
/* Are 'have' and 'want' identical? */
if (memcmp(have + i * stride, want + i * stride, limit)) {
if (!need_write) {
/* First location where have and want differ. */
need_write = 1;
rel_start = i * stride;
}
} else {
if (need_write) {
/* First location where have and want
* do not differ anymore.
*/
break;
}
}
}
if (need_write)
first_len = min(i * stride - rel_start, len);
*first_start += rel_start;
return first_len;
}
/* This function generates various test patterns useful for testing controller
* and chip communication as well as chip behaviour.
*
* If a byte can be written multiple times, each time keeping 0-bits at 0
* and changing 1-bits to 0 if the new value for that bit is 0, the effect
* is essentially an AND operation. That's also the reason why this function
* provides the result of AND between various patterns.
*
* Below is a list of patterns (and their block length).
* Pattern 0 is 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 (16 Bytes)
* Pattern 1 is 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a aa ba ca da ea fa (16 Bytes)
* Pattern 2 is 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f (16 Bytes)
* Pattern 3 is a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 aa ab ac ad ae af (16 Bytes)
* Pattern 4 is 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 a0 b0 c0 d0 e0 f0 (16 Bytes)
* Pattern 5 is 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f (16 Bytes)
* Pattern 6 is 00 (1 Byte)
* Pattern 7 is ff (1 Byte)
* Patterns 0-7 have a big-endian block number in the last 2 bytes of each 256
* byte block.
*
* Pattern 8 is 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11... (256 B)
* Pattern 9 is ff fe fd fc fb fa f9 f8 f7 f6 f5 f4 f3 f2 f1 f0 ef ee... (256 B)
* Pattern 10 is 00 00 00 01 00 02 00 03 00 04... (128 kB big-endian counter)
* Pattern 11 is ff ff ff fe ff fd ff fc ff fb... (128 kB big-endian downwards)
* Pattern 12 is 00 (1 Byte)
* Pattern 13 is ff (1 Byte)
* Patterns 8-13 have no block number.
*
* Patterns 0-3 are created to detect and efficiently diagnose communication
* slips like missed bits or bytes and their repetitive nature gives good visual
* cues to the person inspecting the results. In addition, the following holds:
* AND Pattern 0/1 == Pattern 4
* AND Pattern 2/3 == Pattern 5
* AND Pattern 0/1/2/3 == AND Pattern 4/5 == Pattern 6
* A weakness of pattern 0-5 is the inability to detect swaps/copies between
* any two 16-byte blocks except for the last 16-byte block in a 256-byte bloc.
* They work perfectly for detecting any swaps/aliasing of blocks >= 256 bytes.
* 0x5 and 0xa were picked because they are 0101 and 1010 binary.
* Patterns 8-9 are best for detecting swaps/aliasing of blocks < 256 bytes.
* Besides that, they provide for bit testing of the last two bytes of every
* 256 byte block which contains the block number for patterns 0-6.
* Patterns 10-11 are special purpose for detecting subblock aliasing with
* block sizes >256 bytes (some Dataflash chips etc.)
* AND Pattern 8/9 == Pattern 12
* AND Pattern 10/11 == Pattern 12
* Pattern 13 is the completely erased state.
* None of the patterns can detect aliasing at boundaries which are a multiple