dynamic_tf_policy.py

"""Graph mode TF policy built using build_tf_policy()."""

from collections import OrderedDict
import logging
import numpy as np

from ray.util.debug import log_once
from ray.rllib.policy.policy import Policy
from ray.rllib.policy.sample_batch import SampleBatch
from ray.rllib.policy.tf_policy import TFPolicy
from ray.rllib.models.catalog import ModelCatalog
from ray.rllib.utils import try_import_tf, override
from ray.rllib.utils.debug import summarize
from ray.rllib.utils.tracking_dict import UsageTrackingDict

tf = try_import_tf()

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class DynamicTFPolicy(TFPolicy):
    """A TFPolicy that auto-defines placeholders dynamically at runtime.

    Initialization of this class occurs in two phases.
      * Phase 1: the model is created and model variables are initialized.
      * Phase 2: a fake batch of data is created, sent to the trajectory
        postprocessor, and then used to create placeholders for the loss
        function. The loss and stats functions are initialized with these
        placeholders.

    Initialization defines the static graph.

    Attributes:
        observation_space (gym.Space): observation space of the policy.
        action_space (gym.Space): action space of the policy.
        config (dict): config of the policy
        model (TorchModel): TF model instance
        dist_class (type): TF action distribution class
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 obs_space,
                 action_space,
                 config,
                 loss_fn,
                 stats_fn=None,
                 grad_stats_fn=None,
                 before_loss_init=None,
                 make_model=None,
                 action_sampler_fn=None,
                 action_distribution_fn=None,
                 existing_inputs=None,
                 existing_model=None,
                 get_batch_divisibility_req=None,
                 obs_include_prev_action_reward=True):
        """Initialize a dynamic TF policy.

        Arguments:
            observation_space (gym.Space): Observation space of the policy.
            action_space (gym.Space): Action space of the policy.
            config (dict): Policy-specific configuration data.
            loss_fn (func): function that returns a loss tensor the policy
                graph, and dict of experience tensor placeholders
            stats_fn (func): optional function that returns a dict of
                TF fetches given the policy and batch input tensors
            grad_stats_fn (func): optional function that returns a dict of
                TF fetches given the policy and loss gradient tensors
            before_loss_init (Optional[callable]): Optional function to run
                prior to loss init that takes the same arguments as __init__.
            make_model (func): optional function that returns a ModelV2 object
                given (policy, obs_space, action_space, config).
                All policy variables should be created in this function. If not
                specified, a default model will be created.
            action_sampler_fn (Optional[callable]): An optional callable
                 returning a tuple of action and action prob tensors given
                 (policy, model, input_dict, obs_space, action_space, config).
                 If None, a default action distribution will be used.
            action_distribution_fn (Optional[callable]): A callable returning
                distribution inputs (parameters), a dist-class to generate an
                action distribution object from, and internal-state outputs
                (or an empty list if not applicable).
                Note: No Exploration hooks have to be called from within
                `action_distribution_fn`. It's should only perform a simple
                forward pass through some model.
                If None, pass inputs through `self.model()` to get the
                distribution inputs.
            existing_inputs (OrderedDict): When copying a policy, this
                specifies an existing dict of placeholders to use instead of
                defining new ones
            existing_model (ModelV2): when copying a policy, this specifies
                an existing model to clone and share weights with
            get_batch_divisibility_req (func): optional function that returns
                the divisibility requirement for sample batches
            obs_include_prev_action_reward (bool): whether to include the
                previous action and reward in the model input
        """
        self.observation_space = obs_space
        self.action_space = action_space
        self.config = config
        self.framework = "tf"
        self._loss_fn = loss_fn
        self._stats_fn = stats_fn
        self._grad_stats_fn = grad_stats_fn
        self._obs_include_prev_action_reward = obs_include_prev_action_reward

        # Setup standard placeholders
        prev_actions = None
        prev_rewards = None
        if existing_inputs is not None:
            obs = existing_inputs[SampleBatch.CUR_OBS]
            if self._obs_include_prev_action_reward:
                prev_actions = existing_inputs[SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS]
                prev_rewards = existing_inputs[SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS]
            action_input = existing_inputs[SampleBatch.ACTIONS]
            explore = existing_inputs["is_exploring"]
            timestep = existing_inputs["timestep"]
        else:
            obs = tf.placeholder(
                tf.float32,
                shape=[None] + list(obs_space.shape),
                name="observation")
            action_input = ModelCatalog.get_action_placeholder(action_space)
            if self._obs_include_prev_action_reward:
                prev_actions = ModelCatalog.get_action_placeholder(
                    action_space, "prev_action")
                prev_rewards = tf.placeholder(
                    tf.float32, [None], name="prev_reward")
            explore = tf.placeholder_with_default(
                True, (), name="is_exploring")
            timestep = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, (), name="timestep")

        self._input_dict = {
            SampleBatch.CUR_OBS: obs,
            SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS: prev_actions,
            SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS: prev_rewards,
            "is_training": self._get_is_training_placeholder(),
        }
        # Placeholder for RNN time-chunk valid lengths.
        self._seq_lens = tf.placeholder(
            dtype=tf.int32, shape=[None], name="seq_lens")

        dist_class = dist_inputs = None
        if action_sampler_fn or action_distribution_fn:
            if not make_model:
                raise ValueError(
                    "`make_model` is required if `action_sampler_fn` OR "
                    "`action_distribution_fn` is given")
        else:
            dist_class, logit_dim = ModelCatalog.get_action_dist(
                action_space, self.config["model"])

        # Setup self.model.
        if existing_model:
            self.model = existing_model
        elif make_model:
            self.model = make_model(self, obs_space, action_space, config)
        else:
            self.model = ModelCatalog.get_model_v2(
                obs_space,
                action_space,
                logit_dim,
                self.config["model"],
                framework="tf")

        # Create the Exploration object to use for this Policy.
        self.exploration = self._create_exploration()

        if existing_inputs:
            self._state_in = [
                v for k, v in existing_inputs.items()
                if k.startswith("state_in_")
            ]
            if self._state_in:
                self._seq_lens = existing_inputs["seq_lens"]
        else:
            self._state_in = [
                tf.placeholder(shape=(None, ) + s.shape, dtype=s.dtype)
                for s in self.model.get_initial_state()
            ]

        # Fully customized action generation (e.g., custom policy).
        if action_sampler_fn:
            sampled_action, sampled_action_logp = action_sampler_fn(
                self,
                self.model,
                obs_batch=self._input_dict[SampleBatch.CUR_OBS],
                state_batches=self._state_in,
                seq_lens=self._seq_lens,
                prev_action_batch=self._input_dict[SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS],
                prev_reward_batch=self._input_dict[SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS],
                explore=explore,
                is_training=self._input_dict["is_training"])
        else:
            # Distribution generation is customized, e.g., DQN, DDPG.
            if action_distribution_fn:
                dist_inputs, dist_class, self._state_out = \
                    action_distribution_fn(
                        self, self.model,
                        obs_batch=self._input_dict[SampleBatch.CUR_OBS],
                        state_batches=self._state_in,
                        seq_lens=self._seq_lens,
                        prev_action_batch=self._input_dict[
                            SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS],
                        prev_reward_batch=self._input_dict[
                            SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS],
                        explore=explore,
                        is_training=self._input_dict["is_training"])
            # Default distribution generation behavior:
            # Pass through model. E.g., PG, PPO.
            else:
                dist_inputs, self._state_out = self.model(
                    self._input_dict, self._state_in, self._seq_lens)

            action_dist = dist_class(dist_inputs, self.model)

            # Using exploration to get final action (e.g. via sampling).
            sampled_action, sampled_action_logp = \
                self.exploration.get_exploration_action(
                    action_distribution=action_dist,
                    timestep=timestep,
                    explore=explore)

        # Phase 1 init.
        sess = tf.get_default_session() or tf.Session()
        if get_batch_divisibility_req:
            batch_divisibility_req = get_batch_divisibility_req(self)
        else:
            batch_divisibility_req = 1

        super().__init__(
            obs_space,
            action_space,
            config,
            sess,
            obs_input=obs,
            action_input=action_input,  # for logp calculations
            sampled_action=sampled_action,
            sampled_action_logp=sampled_action_logp,
            dist_inputs=dist_inputs,
            dist_class=dist_class,
            loss=None,  # dynamically initialized on run
            loss_inputs=[],
            model=self.model,
            state_inputs=self._state_in,
            state_outputs=self._state_out,
            prev_action_input=prev_actions,
            prev_reward_input=prev_rewards,
            seq_lens=self._seq_lens,
            max_seq_len=config["model"]["max_seq_len"],
            batch_divisibility_req=batch_divisibility_req,
            explore=explore,
            timestep=timestep)

        # Phase 2 init.
        if before_loss_init is not None:
            before_loss_init(self, obs_space, action_space, config)

        if not existing_inputs:
            self._initialize_loss()

    @override(TFPolicy)
    def copy(self, existing_inputs):
        """Creates a copy of self using existing input placeholders."""

        # Note that there might be RNN state inputs at the end of the list
        if self._state_inputs:
            num_state_inputs = len(self._state_inputs) + 1
        else:
            num_state_inputs = 0
        if len(self._loss_inputs) + num_state_inputs != len(existing_inputs):
            raise ValueError("Tensor list mismatch", self._loss_inputs,
                             self._state_inputs, existing_inputs)
        for i, (k, v) in enumerate(self._loss_inputs):
            if v.shape.as_list() != existing_inputs[i].shape.as_list():
                raise ValueError("Tensor shape mismatch", i, k, v.shape,
                                 existing_inputs[i].shape)
        # By convention, the loss inputs are followed by state inputs and then
        # the seq len tensor
        rnn_inputs = []
        for i in range(len(self._state_inputs)):
            rnn_inputs.append(("state_in_{}".format(i),
                               existing_inputs[len(self._loss_inputs) + i]))
        if rnn_inputs:
            rnn_inputs.append(("seq_lens", existing_inputs[-1]))
        input_dict = OrderedDict([("is_exploring", self._is_exploring), (
            "timestep", self._timestep)] + [(k, existing_inputs[i]) for i, (
                k, _) in enumerate(self._loss_inputs)] + rnn_inputs)
        instance = self.__class__(
            self.observation_space,
            self.action_space,
            self.config,
            existing_inputs=input_dict,
            existing_model=self.model)

        instance._loss_input_dict = input_dict
        loss = instance._do_loss_init(input_dict)
        loss_inputs = [(k, existing_inputs[i])
                       for i, (k, _) in enumerate(self._loss_inputs)]

        TFPolicy._initialize_loss(instance, loss, loss_inputs)
        if instance._grad_stats_fn:
            instance._stats_fetches.update(
                instance._grad_stats_fn(instance, input_dict, instance._grads))
        return instance

    @override(Policy)
    def get_initial_state(self):
        if self.model:
            return self.model.get_initial_state()
        else:
            return []

    def _initialize_loss(self):
        def fake_array(tensor):
            shape = tensor.shape.as_list()
            shape = [s if s is not None else 1 for s in shape]
            return np.zeros(shape, dtype=tensor.dtype.as_numpy_dtype)

        dummy_batch = {
            SampleBatch.CUR_OBS: fake_array(self._obs_input),
            SampleBatch.NEXT_OBS: fake_array(self._obs_input),
            SampleBatch.DONES: np.array([False], dtype=np.bool),
            SampleBatch.ACTIONS: fake_array(
                ModelCatalog.get_action_placeholder(self.action_space)),
            SampleBatch.REWARDS: np.array([0], dtype=np.float32),
        }
        if self._obs_include_prev_action_reward:
            dummy_batch.update({
                SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS: fake_array(self._prev_action_input),
                SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS: fake_array(self._prev_reward_input),
            })
        state_init = self.get_initial_state()
        state_batches = []
        for i, h in enumerate(state_init):
            dummy_batch["state_in_{}".format(i)] = np.expand_dims(h, 0)
            dummy_batch["state_out_{}".format(i)] = np.expand_dims(h, 0)
            state_batches.append(np.expand_dims(h, 0))
        if state_init:
            dummy_batch["seq_lens"] = np.array([1], dtype=np.int32)
        for k, v in self.extra_compute_action_fetches().items():
            dummy_batch[k] = fake_array(v)

        # postprocessing might depend on variable init, so run it first here
        self._sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

        postprocessed_batch = self.postprocess_trajectory(
            SampleBatch(dummy_batch))

        # model forward pass for the loss (needed after postprocess to
        # overwrite any tensor state from that call)
        self.model(self._input_dict, self._state_in, self._seq_lens)

        if self._obs_include_prev_action_reward:
            train_batch = UsageTrackingDict({
                SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS: self._prev_action_input,
                SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS: self._prev_reward_input,
                SampleBatch.CUR_OBS: self._obs_input,
            })
            loss_inputs = [
                (SampleBatch.PREV_ACTIONS, self._prev_action_input),
                (SampleBatch.PREV_REWARDS, self._prev_reward_input),
                (SampleBatch.CUR_OBS, self._obs_input),
            ]
        else:
            train_batch = UsageTrackingDict({
                SampleBatch.CUR_OBS: self._obs_input,
            })
            loss_inputs = [
                (SampleBatch.CUR_OBS, self._obs_input),
            ]

        for k, v in postprocessed_batch.items():
            if k in train_batch:
                continue
            elif v.dtype == np.object:
                continue  # can't handle arbitrary objects in TF
            elif k == "seq_lens" or k.startswith("state_in_"):
                continue
            shape = (None, ) + v.shape[1:]
            dtype = np.float32 if v.dtype == np.float64 else v.dtype
            placeholder = tf.placeholder(dtype, shape=shape, name=k)
            train_batch[k] = placeholder

        for i, si in enumerate(self._state_in):
            train_batch["state_in_{}".format(i)] = si
        train_batch["seq_lens"] = self._seq_lens

        if log_once("loss_init"):
            logger.debug(
                "Initializing loss function with dummy input:\n\n{}\n".format(
                    summarize(train_batch)))

        self._loss_input_dict = train_batch
        loss = self._do_loss_init(train_batch)
        for k in sorted(train_batch.accessed_keys):
            if k != "seq_lens" and not k.startswith("state_in_"):
                loss_inputs.append((k, train_batch[k]))

        TFPolicy._initialize_loss(self, loss, loss_inputs)
        if self._grad_stats_fn:
            self._stats_fetches.update(
                self._grad_stats_fn(self, train_batch, self._grads))
        self._sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    def _do_loss_init(self, train_batch):
        loss = self._loss_fn(self, self.model, self.dist_class, train_batch)
        if self._stats_fn:
            self._stats_fetches.update(self._stats_fn(self, train_batch))
        # override the update ops to be those of the model
        self._update_ops = self.model.update_ops()
        return loss