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10.3897_zookeys.117.1665.xml
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10.3897_zookeys.117.1665.xml
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//TaxonX//DTD Taxonomic Treatment Publishing DTD v0 20100105//EN" "tax-treatment-NS0.dtd"><article article-type="research-article" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tp="http://www.plazi.org/taxpub">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">ZooKeys</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.117.1665</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Taxonomic notes on the small resin bees <italic>Hypanthidioides</italic> subgenus <italic>Michanthidium</italic> (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>Victor H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Griswold</surname>
<given-names>Terry L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label></label>USDA-ARS. Bee Biology & Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322–5310, USA
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="corresp">
<p>Corresponding author: Victor H. Gonzalez (<email xlink:type="simple">victorgonzab@gmail.com</email>).
</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by">
<p>Academic editor: Michael Engel</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>6</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<issue>117</issue>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>22</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>8</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Victor H. Gonzalez, Terry L. Griswold</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0" xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<label>Abstract</label>
<p>As part of ongoing investigations on anthidiine bees, the type of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium albitarse</tp:taxon-name></italic> Friese was found to be conspecific with one of the two species of the small resin bees <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> subgenus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>. The new combination, <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides (Michanthidium) albitarsis</tp:taxon-name></italic>, is the oldest name, resulting in <italic><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium sakagamii</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban as a new junior synonym. The previously unknown male of the second species, <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name></italic>, is described and figured, including the genitalic structure and associated sterna. Males and females of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name></italic> have been collected from flowers of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Cuphea</tp:taxon-name></italic> sp. (<tp:taxon-name>Lythraceae</tp:taxon-name>).
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<label>Keywords</label>
<kwd>Apoidea</kwd>
<kwd>Anthidiini</kwd>
<kwd>Anthophila</kwd>
<kwd>South America</kwd>
<kwd>taxonomy</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="Introduction"><title>Introduction</title>
<p>The Neotropical anthidiine bee genus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure (<italic>sensu</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Michener 2007</xref>) contains 51 species grouped into 10 subgenera (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Michener 2007</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Ascher and Pickering 2011</xref>) that are treated at the generic level in the classification of Urban and Moure (2007). Some subgenera are monotypic or contain a few species (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>) with unusual characters related to adaptations for pollen collecting (e.g., modified hairs on the mouthparts) or secondary sexual characters (e.g., spines on the hind coxa of the male). In the absence of a phylogenetic analysis it seems preferable to show their relationship by placing them within an inclu<!--PageBreak-->sive taxonomic category, such as <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic>, rather than separating them in multiple genera. If future studies show that <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> <italic>sensu lato</italic> constitutes a monophyletic group or users decide to continue to follow Michener’s classification, a few homonyms created by such a change need to be corrected, as indicated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Ascher and Pickering (2011)</xref>.
</p>
<p><italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> <italic>s.l.</italic> is easily recognized by its small (length 5–9 mm) and usually slender body, the presence of juxtantennal carinae, and the absence of a preoccipital carina in both sexes. Little is known about the biology of these bees. The nests, only known for two species, one each in the subgenera <italic><tp:taxon-name>Dicranthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> and <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> s. str., are made of resins and are built inside empty cavities or entirely exposed, attached to stems or twigs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Schrottky 1902</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Laroca and Rosado-Neto 1975</xref>). Although floral relationships are largely unknown in <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic>, the presence of curved or hooked hairs on the labiomaxillary complex in species of the subgenera <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> and <italic><tp:taxon-name>Larocanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> suggest a special floral relationship (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Michener 2007</xref>). Similar modified hairs occur in other unrelated bees and are used to extract pollen from tubular flowers with hidden anthers, such as those in the plant families <tp:taxon-name>Boraginaceae</tp:taxon-name> and <tp:taxon-name>Verbenaceae</tp:taxon-name> (e.g., <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Thorp 2000</xref>).
</p>
<p>As part of a revision of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Fabricius, we examined the type of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium albitarse</tp:taxon-name></italic> Friese, 1917. The male specimen is labeled San Jose, Costa Rica, and agrees with the original description of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Friese (1917)</xref>. It proved not to be a species of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>,but rather to belong to <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> subgenus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs. 1–5</xref>). <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> was described by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Urban (1993)</xref> as <italic><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>, a name she subsequently replaced to avoid the junior homonymy with the African <italic><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Pasteels (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Urban 1995</xref>). The two species currently known in <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>, <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides sakagamii</tp:taxon-name></italic> (Urban) and <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name></italic> (Urban), occur in southern Brazil and northern Argentina; the latter is known only from the female. Here we present the taxonomic changes to <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> (<italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>) resulting from the inclusion of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium albitarse</tp:taxon-name></italic>, and describe for the first time the male of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name></italic>. Morphological terminology follows that of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Michener (2007)</xref>. The abbreviations S and T are used for metasomal sterna and terga, respectively. Institutional acronyms used herein are: <bold>BBSL</bold>, U.S. National Pollinating Insects Collection, Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT; <bold>DZUP</bold>, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná,<!--PageBreak--> Brazil; <bold>FSCA,</bold> Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida State University, Gainesville, USA, and <bold>ZMB</bold>, Museum für Naturkunde, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Photomicrographs were taken using a Keyence® VHX-500F Digital Imaging System.
</p>
<table-wrap position="float" orientation="portrait" id="T1">
<label>Table 1.</label>
<caption><p>Subgenera of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> <italic>sensu</italic> Michener (2007). Number of species according to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Urban and Moure (2007)</xref>.</p>
</caption>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Subgenus</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of included species</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidulum</tp:taxon-name></italic> Michener</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Ctenanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Dichanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Dicranthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Larocanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Mielkeanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Moureanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><tp:taxon-name>Saranthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure and Hurd</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="Systematics"><title>Systematics</title>
<sec sec-type="Genus Hypanthidioides Moure"><title>Genus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure</title>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:nomenclature>
<label>Subgenus</label>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="subgenus">Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name-part>
<object-id xlink:type="simple">http://species-id.net/wiki/Michanthidium_Urban</object-id>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>Urban</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium</tp:taxon-name>
<comment><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Urban 1993</xref> [1992]: 337 (not <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Pasteels 1969</xref>: 92). Type species: <italic><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium sakagamii</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban, 1992 [= <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium albitarse</tp:taxon-name></italic> Friese, 1917]</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:nomenclature-citation><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name>
<comment><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Urban 1995</xref> [1994]: 281. <italic>Nomen novum pro</italic> <italic><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Urban, 1993.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Comments"><title>Comments.</title>
<p><italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> is most similar to the subgenus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Larocanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>, from which it can be separated by the following characters: female mandible without distinct carinae on outer surface, without a strong basal tooth separated from mandibular margin by a deep emargination; male T6 without distal margin expanded, elevated, or bilobed medially. In the key to the subgenera of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Michener 2007</xref>), the presence of a hind coxal spine in the male is one of the characters that separates <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> from <italic><tp:taxon-name>Larocanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic>. However, this spine is not present in the male of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name></italic> and therefore should be removed from the key.
</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="subgenus"> (Michanthidium) </tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">albitarsis</tp:taxon-name-part>
<object-id xlink:type="simple">http://species-id.net/wiki/Hypanthidioides_(Michanthidium)_albitarsis</object-id>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>(Friese, 1917)</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:taxon-status xlink:type="simple">comb. n.</tp:taxon-status>
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1–5</xref>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium albitarse</tp:taxon-name>
<comment><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Friese 1917</xref>: 345 (Holotype: ZMB; ♂, San José, Costa Rica)</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:nomenclature-citation><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium sakagamii</tp:taxon-name>
<comment><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Urban 1993 [1992]</xref>: 339 (Holotype: DUZP; ♂, Foz do Iguaçu, Parana, Brazil), new junior synonym</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title>
<p><italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides albitarsis</tp:taxon-name></italic> differs from <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name></italic> in the finer punctures on the scutum, scutellum and terga (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 4 and 5</xref>). The female can be further recognized by the absence of a median spine on the preapical carina of T6. Additional characters that distinguish the male include: hind coxa with midapical spine (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 3</xref>), S2–S4 with incomplete, poorly developed premarginal hair bands, T6 with small sublateral spine (barely visible in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 5</xref>), and T7 without median spine (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 5</xref>).
</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Comments"><title>Comments.</title>
<p> <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> is currently known from southern South America; the holotype of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides albitarsis</tp:taxon-name></italic>, if from Costa Rica, would considerably extend its geographi<!--PageBreak--><!--PageBreak-->cal distribution. Such an expansion is possible considering that other bee genera, such as <italic><tp:taxon-name>Duckeanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> Moure and Michener, previously thought to be restricted to South America, have been recently found in Central America (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Michener 2002</xref>). Alternatively, it might represent a mislabeled specimen because other examples of inaccurate locality labels on specimens in the Friese collection exist. For example, <italic><tp:taxon-name>Dasycolletes ventralis</tp:taxon-name></italic> Friese (now in the colletid genus <italic><tp:taxon-name>Leioproctus</tp:taxon-name></italic> Smith) is a South American species described by Friese from Sydney, Australia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Michener 2007</xref>: 154). Further support for mislabeling comes from the absence of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Michanthidium</tp:taxon-name></italic> in more than 38,000 specimens of bees from Costa Rica that we have examined.
</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title>
<p> <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides albitarsis</tp:taxon-name></italic> is known from southern Brazil and adjacent Argentina <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Urban (1993)</xref>. Additional records are from the departments of Iguazú, Veinticinco de Mayo, and Candelaria in the Province of Misiones, Argentina (see below).
</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Material examined"><title>Material examined.</title>
<p> (<italic>n</italic> = 12♀, 8♂) 10♀, 7♂; Argentina: Misiones, Cataratas del Iguazú, 5.9.XI.1970, C. Porter, L. A. Stange; remaining specimens also from Misiones but from the following localities: 1♀, Loreto, A. A. Oglobin; 1♀, Dos de Mayo, 12.73, Fritz; 1♂, San Javier, 20.XI.1973, Willink-Tomsoc (BBSL, FSCA).
</p>
<fig id="F1" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figures 1–5.</label>
<caption><p>Male holotype of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Anthidium albitarse</tp:taxon-name></italic> Friese <bold>1</bold> lateral habitus <bold>2</bold> facial view <bold>3</bold> hind coxa with arrow pointing to small spine <bold>4</bold> T2 to T4 <bold>5</bold> T6 and T7 with arrow pointing to small sublateral spine of T6.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-117-051-g001.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
</fig>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="subgenus"> (Michanthidium) </tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">ferrugineus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<object-id xlink:type="simple">http://species-id.net/wiki/Hypanthidioides_(Michanthidium)_ferrugineus</object-id>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>(Urban, 1993)</tp:taxon-authority>
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 6–11</xref>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation><tp:taxon-name>Gnathanthidium ferrugineum</tp:taxon-name>
<comment><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Urban, 1993 [1992]</xref>: 342 (Holotype: DUZP; ♀, San Pedro Colalao, Tucuman, Argentina)</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title>
<p> This species can be easily separated from <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides albitarsis</tp:taxon-name></italic> by the coarser punctures on the scutum, scutellum and terga (compare <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">6</xref>), small median spine on the preapical carina of female T6, and the following characters in the male: T6 without small sublateral spines, T7 with acute lateral and median spines (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 7</xref>), hind coxa without midapical spine, with a short row of black, thick short hairs on median margin (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 8</xref>), and S2–S4 with complete, well-developed premarginal hair bands.
</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Description"><title>Description.</title>
<p> Male: Body length, 8.2mm; forewing length, 5.5 mm. <italic>Structure.</italic>Hind coxa ventrally without apical spine on median margin; hind trochanter carinate medially. T6 without sublateral spines or protuberances; T7 with acute lateral and median spines (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 7</xref>); S5 and S6 each with small lateral spine; S7, S8 and genital capsule as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 9–11</xref>.
</p>
<p>Head ferruginous including antennal scape and pedicel except: dark reddish brown on mandible, inferior gena and distal flagellomeres; black on labrum, ocellar and torular areas; yellow on clypeus and inferior paraocular area. Mesosoma black except: ferruginous on tegula and legs excluding coxae (trochanters and femora variably darkened); yellow on pronotal lobe, tegula anteriorly, scutum on anterior and lateral margins, axilla, scutellum on distal margin, coxae. Metasoma dark reddish brown, lighter on sterna except T1, T3, T5, T7 and S2–S4 each with complete yellow band, rema<!--PageBreak--><!--PageBreak-->ining terga maculate laterally. Wings brownish, darker on anterior margin including marginal cell; veins, stigma and prestigma dark brown.</p>
<p>Pubescence whitish except yellowish on inner surfaces of tarsi; hairs long, dense, distinctly plumose on paraocular area, pronotal lobe, mesepisternum and metepisternum ventrally, lateral surface of propodeum, inferior margin of fore femur, premarginal areas of S2–S4; hind coxa with distinct row of stout black hairs medially on ventral surface (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 8</xref>).
</p>
<p>Head and mesosoma including coxae, anterior surfaces of hind trochanter and femur coarsely punctate, punctures about one-fourth to one-third width of median ocellus except finely punctate on pronotum, omaulus, metepisternum, most of propodeum and remainder of legs; terga as coarsely punctate as scutum with wide, impunctate, translucent, apical margins on T1–T6.</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Material examined"><title>Material examined.</title>
<p> (<italic>n</italic> = 5♀, 8♂) 5♀, 6♂; Argentina: Prov. Tucumán, Tacanas, 10-XII-1977, L. A. Stange. Flowers, <italic><tp:taxon-name>Cuphea</tp:taxon-name></italic> sp. [<tp:taxon-name>Lythraceae</tp:taxon-name>]; two other males with the same data but collected on November and December of 1968 (BBSL, FSCA).
</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="Comments"><title>Comments.</title>
<p>Both males and females of this species have been collected on flowers of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Cuphea</tp:taxon-name></italic> sp. (<tp:taxon-name>Lythraceae</tp:taxon-name>).
</p>
<fig id="F2" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figures 6–11.</label>
<caption><p>Male of <italic><tp:taxon-name>Hypanthidioides</tp:taxon-name></italic> (<italic>Michanthidium</italic>) <italic>ferrugineus</italic> Urban <bold>6</bold> T2 to T4 <bold>7</bold> T6 and T7 <bold>8</bold> hind coxa with arrow pointing to modified hairs <bold>9</bold> ventral view of S7 and S8 <bold>10, 11</bold> genitalia in dorsal (left half), ventral (right half), and lateral views.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-117-051-g002.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
</fig>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
</sec>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<ack>
<title>Acknowledgements</title>
<p>We are grateful to Frank Koch and Viola Richter (ZMB) for kindly arranging the loan of the type of <italic>Anthidium albitarse</italic>; Gabriel Melo and Danúncia Urban (DZUP) for their hospitality and help during the visit of the senior author to Curitiba as well as for allowing access to the bee collection in their charge; Lionel Stange and Jim Wiley (FSCA) for bringing this material to our attention and permitting its study, and Molly Rightmyer, Amy Comfort de Gonzalez, John S. Ascher, Allan Smith Pardo, Jason Gibbs, and Michael S. Engel for comments and suggestions that improved this note. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0742998.
</p>
</ack>
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