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T1083 - File and Directory Discovery

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.

Many command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include dir, tree, ls, find, and locate.(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the Native API. Adversaries may also leverage a Network Device CLI on network devices to gather file and directory information.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - File and Directory Discovery (cmd.exe)

Find or discover files on the file system. Upon successful execution, this test will output the results of all the data discovery commands to a specified file.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 0e36303b-6762-4500-b003-127743b80ba6

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
output_file File to output results to String %temp%\T1083Test1.txt

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

dir /s c:\ >> #{output_file}
dir /s "c:\Documents and Settings" >> #{output_file}
dir /s "c:\Program Files\" >> #{output_file}
dir "%systemdrive%\Users\*.*" >> #{output_file}
dir "%userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\*.*" >> #{output_file}
dir "%userprofile%\Desktop\*.*" >> #{output_file}
tree /F >> #{output_file}

Cleanup Commands:

del #{output_file}


Atomic Test #2 - File and Directory Discovery (PowerShell)

Find or discover files on the file system. Upon execution, file and folder information will be displayed.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 2158908e-b7ef-4c21-8a83-3ce4dd05a924

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

ls -recurse
get-childitem -recurse
gci -recurse


Atomic Test #3 - Nix File and Directory Discovery

Find or discover files on the file system

References:

http://osxdaily.com/2013/01/29/list-all-files-subdirectory-contents-recursively/

https://perishablepress.com/list-files-folders-recursively-terminal/

Supported Platforms: macOS, Linux

auto_generated_guid: ffc8b249-372a-4b74-adcd-e4c0430842de

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
output_file Output file used to store the results. Path /tmp/T1083.txt

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

ls -a >> #{output_file}
if [ -d /Library/Preferences/ ]; then ls -la /Library/Preferences/ > #{output_file}; fi;
file */* *>> #{output_file}
cat #{output_file} 2>/dev/null
find . -type f
ls -R | grep ":$" | sed -e 's/:$//' -e 's/[^-][^\/]*\//--/g' -e 's/^/ /' -e 's/-/|/'
locate *
which sh

Cleanup Commands:

rm #{output_file}


Atomic Test #4 - Nix File and Directory Discovery 2

Find or discover files on the file system

Supported Platforms: macOS, Linux

auto_generated_guid: 13c5e1ae-605b-46c4-a79f-db28c77ff24e

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
output_file Output file used to store the results. Path /tmp/T1083.txt

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

cd $HOME && find . -print | sed -e 's;[^/]*/;|__;g;s;__|; |;g' > #{output_file}
if [ -f /etc/mtab ]; then cat /etc/mtab >> #{output_file}; fi;
find . -type f -iname *.pdf >> #{output_file}
cat #{output_file}
find . -type f -name ".*"

Cleanup Commands:

rm #{output_file}


Atomic Test #5 - Simulating MAZE Directory Enumeration

This test emulates MAZE ransomware's ability to enumerate directories using Powershell. Upon successful execution, this test will output the directory enumeration results to a specified file, as well as display them in the active window. See https://www.mandiant.com/resources/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: c6c34f61-1c3e-40fb-8a58-d017d88286d8

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
File_to_output File to output results to String $env:temp\T1083Test5.txt

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

$folderarray = @("Desktop", "Downloads", "Documents", "AppData/Local", "AppData/Roaming")
Get-ChildItem -Path $env:homedrive -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}
Get-ChildItem -Path $env:programfiles -erroraction silentlycontinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}
Get-ChildItem -Path "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}" -erroraction silentlycontinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}
$UsersFolder = "$env:homedrive\Users\"
foreach ($directory in Get-ChildItem -Path $UsersFolder -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) 
{
foreach ($secondarydirectory in $folderarray)
 {Get-ChildItem -Path "$UsersFolder/$directory/$secondarydirectory" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}}
}
cat #{File_to_output}

Cleanup Commands:

remove-item #{File_to_output} -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue


Atomic Test #6 - Launch DirLister Executable

Launches the DirLister executable for a short period of time and then exits.

Recently seen used by BlackCat ransomware to create a list of accessible directories and files.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: c5bec457-43c9-4a18-9a24-fe151d8971b7

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
dirlister_path Path to the DirLister executable String PathToAtomicsFolder\T1083\bin\DirLister.exe

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Start-Process #{dirlister_path}
Start-Sleep -Second 4
Stop-Process -Name "DirLister"

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: DirLister.exe must exist in the specified path #{dirlister_path}
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path #{dirlister_path}) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
$parentpath = Split-Path "#{dirlister_path}"
Invoke-WebRequest https://github.com/SanderSade/DirLister/releases/download/v2.beta4/DirLister.v2.beta4.zip -OutFile $env:TEMP\TDirLister.v2.beta4.zip
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $parentpath | Out-Null
Expand-Archive -Path $env:TEMP\TDirLister.v2.beta4.zip -DestinationPath $env:TEMP\TDirLister.v2.beta4 -Force
Copy-Item $env:TEMP\TDirLister.v2.beta4\* $parentpath -Recurse
Remove-Item $env:TEMP\TDirLister.v2.beta4.zip,$env:TEMP\TDirLister.v2.beta4 -Recurse -ErrorAction Ignore