/// Iterator Design Pattern
///
/// Intent: Lets you traverse elements of a collection without exposing its
/// underlying representation (list, stack, tree, etc.).
///
/// Swift language has a built-in iterator support:
///
/// - The `IteratorProtocol` provides a simple iterator protocol:
/// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/iteratorprotocol
///
/// - The `AnyIterator<Element>` struct provides basic iterator implementation:
/// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/anyiterator
///
/// In this examples we'll see how to use both of these mechanisms.
import XCTest
/// This is a collection that we're going to iterate through using an iterator
/// derived from IteratorProtocol.
class WordsCollection {
fileprivate lazy var items = [String]()
func append(_ item: String) {
self.items.append(item)
}
}
extension WordsCollection: Sequence {
func makeIterator() -> WordsIterator {
return WordsIterator(self)
}
}
/// Concrete Iterators implement various traversal algorithms. These classes
/// store the current traversal position at all times.
class WordsIterator: IteratorProtocol {
private let collection: WordsCollection
private var index = 0
init(_ collection: WordsCollection) {
self.collection = collection
}
func next() -> String? {
defer { index += 1 }
return index < collection.items.count ? collection.items[index] : nil
}
}
/// This is another collection that we'll provide AnyIterator for traversing its
/// items.
class NumbersCollection {
fileprivate lazy var items = [Int]()
func append(_ item: Int) {
self.items.append(item)
}
}
extension NumbersCollection: Sequence {
func makeIterator() -> AnyIterator<Int> {
var index = self.items.count - 1
return AnyIterator {
defer { index -= 1 }
return index >= 0 ? self.items[index] : nil
}
}
}
/// Client does not know the internal representation of a given sequence.
class Client {
// ...
static func clientCode<S: Sequence>(sequence: S) {
for item in sequence {
print(item)
}
}
// ...
}
/// Let's see how it all works together.
class IteratorConceptual: XCTestCase {
func testIteratorProtocol() {
let words = WordsCollection()
words.append("First")
words.append("Second")
words.append("Third")
print("Straight traversal using IteratorProtocol:")
Client.clientCode(sequence: words)
}
func testAnyIterator() {
let numbers = NumbersCollection()
numbers.append(1)
numbers.append(2)
numbers.append(3)
print("\nReverse traversal using AnyIterator:")
Client.clientCode(sequence: numbers)
}
}Straight traversal using IteratorProtocol:
First
Second
Third
Reverse traversal using AnyIterator:
3
2
1