Fix other source of slowness in git URL parser + limit URL length to 1024

[mjambon]

This fixes more of the same problems as #7943

test plan:

• CI for correctness
• For performance, follow these steps:

~/semgrep/cli/src $ python3
Python 3.8.10 (default, Mar 13 2023, 10:26:41) 
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from semgrep.meta import get_repo_name_from_repo_url
>>> get_repo_name_from_repo_url('0' * 1024)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/martin/semgrep/cli/src/semgrep/meta.py", line 60, in get_repo_name_from_repo_url
    result = p.parse()
  File "/home/martin/semgrep/cli/src/semgrep/external/git_url_parser.py", line 123, in parse
    raise ParserError(msg)
semgrep.external.git_url_parser.ParserError: Invalid URL '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'

should fail instantly by Python standards.

The following should fail even faster with a different error message:

>>> get_repo_name_from_repo_url('0' * 1025)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/martin/semgrep/cli/src/semgrep/meta.py", line 60, in get_repo_name_from_repo_url
    result = p.parse()
  File "/home/martin/semgrep/cli/src/semgrep/external/git_url_parser.py", line 115, in parse
    raise ParserError(msg)
semgrep.external.git_url_parser.ParserError: URL exceeds maximum supported length of 1024: 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

PR checklist:

• Purpose of the code is evident to future readers
• Tests included or PR comment includes a reproducible test plan
• Documentation is up-to-date
• A changelog entry was added to changelog.d for any user-facing change
• Change has no security implications (otherwise, ping security team)

If you're unsure about any of this, please see:

• Contribution guidelines!
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[mjambon]

@aryx @sabrinabrogren GitHub says you recently edited these files 🤷 so you're the reviewers.