json.cpp

/* Copyright 2011 Eeli Reilin. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO 
 * EVENT SHALL EELI REILIN OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT 
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA,
 * OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF 
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING 
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
 * EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation 
 * are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing 
 * official policies, either expressed or implied, of Eeli Reilin.
 */

/**
 * \file json.cpp
 */

#include "json.h"

namespace QtJson
{


static QString sanitizeString(QString str);
static QByteArray join(const QList<QByteArray> &list, const QByteArray &sep);
static QVariant parseValue(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success);
static QVariant parseObject(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success);
static QVariant parseArray(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success);
static QVariant parseString(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success);
static QVariant parseNumber(const QString &json, int &index);
static int lastIndexOfNumber(const QString &json, int index);
static void eatWhitespace(const QString &json, int &index);
static int lookAhead(const QString &json, int index);
static int nextToken(const QString &json, int &index);




/***** public *****/


/**
 * parse
 */
QVariant parse(const QString &json)
{
        bool success = true;
        return parse(json, success);
}

/**
 * parse
 */
QVariant parse(const QString &json, bool &success)
{
        success = true;

        //Return an empty QVariant if the JSON data is either null or empty
        if(!json.isNull() || !json.isEmpty())
        {
                QString data = json;
                //We'll start from index 0
                int index = 0;

                //Parse the first value
                QVariant value = parseValue(data, index, success);

                //Return the parsed value
                return value;
        }
        else
        {
                //Return the empty QVariant
                return QVariant();
        }
}

QByteArray serialize(const QVariant &data)
{
        bool success = true;
        return serialize(data, success);
}

QByteArray serialize(const QVariant &data, bool &success)
{
        QByteArray str;
        success = true;

        if(!data.isValid()) // invalid or null?
        {
                str = "null";
        }
        else if((data.type() == QVariant::List) || (data.type() == QVariant::StringList)) // variant is a list?
        {
                QList<QByteArray> values;
                const QVariantList list = data.toList();
                Q_FOREACH(const QVariant& v, list)
                {
                        QByteArray serializedValue = serialize(v);
                        if(serializedValue.isNull())
                        {
                                success = false;
                                break;
                        }
                        values << serializedValue;
                }

                str = "[ " + join( values, ", " ) + " ]";
        }
		else if(data.type() == QVariant::Hash) // variant is a hash?
		{
			const QVariantHash vhash = data.toHash();
			QHashIterator<QString, QVariant> it( vhash );
			str = "{ ";
			QList<QByteArray> pairs;

			while(it.hasNext())
			{
				it.next();
				QByteArray serializedValue = serialize(it.value());

				if(serializedValue.isNull())
				{
					success = false;
					break;
				}

				pairs << sanitizeString(it.key()).toUtf8() + " : " + serializedValue;
			}

			str += join(pairs, ", ");
			str += " }";
		}
        else if(data.type() == QVariant::Map) // variant is a map?
        {
                const QVariantMap vmap = data.toMap();
                QMapIterator<QString, QVariant> it( vmap );
                str = "{ ";
                QList<QByteArray> pairs;
                while(it.hasNext())
                {
                        it.next();
                        QByteArray serializedValue = serialize(it.value());
                        if(serializedValue.isNull())
                        {
                                success = false;
                                break;
                        }
                        pairs << sanitizeString(it.key()).toUtf8() + " : " + serializedValue;
                }
                str += join(pairs, ", ");
                str += " }";
        }
        else if((data.type() == QVariant::String) || (data.type() == QVariant::ByteArray)) // a string or a byte array?
        {
                str = sanitizeString(data.toString()).toUtf8();
        }
        else if(data.type() == QVariant::Double) // double?
        {
                str = QByteArray::number(data.toDouble(), 'g', 20);
                if(!str.contains(".") && ! str.contains("e"))
                {
                        str += ".0";
                }
        }
        else if (data.type() == QVariant::Bool) // boolean value?
        {
                str = data.toBool() ? "true" : "false";
        }
        else if (data.type() == QVariant::ULongLong) // large unsigned number?
        {
                str = QByteArray::number(data.value<qulonglong>());
        }
        else if ( data.canConvert<qlonglong>() ) // any signed number?
        {
                str = QByteArray::number(data.value<qlonglong>());
        }
        else if (data.canConvert<long>())
        {
                str = QString::number(data.value<long>()).toUtf8();
        }
        else if (data.canConvert<QString>()) // can value be converted to string?
        {
                // this will catch QDate, QDateTime, QUrl, ...
                str = sanitizeString(data.toString()).toUtf8();
        }
        else
        {
                success = false;
        }
        if (success)
        {
                return str;
        }
        else
        {
                return QByteArray();
        }
}



/***** private *****/


/**
 * \enum JsonToken
 */
enum JsonToken
{
        JsonTokenNone = 0,
        JsonTokenCurlyOpen = 1,
        JsonTokenCurlyClose = 2,
        JsonTokenSquaredOpen = 3,
        JsonTokenSquaredClose = 4,
        JsonTokenColon = 5,
        JsonTokenComma = 6,
        JsonTokenString = 7,
        JsonTokenNumber = 8,
        JsonTokenTrue = 9,
        JsonTokenFalse = 10,
        JsonTokenNull = 11
};

static QString sanitizeString(QString str)
{
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\\"), QLatin1String("\\\\"));
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\""), QLatin1String("\\\""));
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\b"), QLatin1String("\\b"));
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\f"), QLatin1String("\\f"));
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\n"), QLatin1String("\\n"));
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\r"), QLatin1String("\\r"));
        str.replace(QLatin1String("\t"), QLatin1String("\\t"));
        return QString(QLatin1String("\"%1\"")).arg(str);
}

static QByteArray join(const QList<QByteArray> &list, const QByteArray &sep)
{
        QByteArray res;
        Q_FOREACH(const QByteArray &i, list)
        {
                if(!res.isEmpty())
                {
                        res += sep;
                }
                res += i;
        }
        return res;
}

/**
 * parseValue
 */
static QVariant parseValue(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success)
{
        //Determine what kind of data we should parse by
        //checking out the upcoming token
        switch(lookAhead(json, index))
        {
                case JsonTokenString:
                        return parseString(json, index, success);
                case JsonTokenNumber:
                        return parseNumber(json, index);
                case JsonTokenCurlyOpen:
                        return parseObject(json, index, success);
                case JsonTokenSquaredOpen:
                        return parseArray(json, index, success);
                case JsonTokenTrue:
                        nextToken(json, index);
                        return QVariant(true);
                case JsonTokenFalse:
                        nextToken(json, index);
                        return QVariant(false);
                case JsonTokenNull:
                        nextToken(json, index);
                        return QVariant();
                case JsonTokenNone:
                        break;
        }

        //If there were no tokens, flag the failure and return an empty QVariant
        success = false;
        return QVariant();
}

/**
 * parseObject
 */
static QVariant parseObject(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success)
{
        QVariantMap map;
        int token;

        //Get rid of the whitespace and increment index
        nextToken(json, index);

        //Loop through all of the key/value pairs of the object
        bool done = false;
        while(!done)
        {
                //Get the upcoming token
                token = lookAhead(json, index);

                if(token == JsonTokenNone)
                {
                         success = false;
                         return QVariantMap();
                }
                else if(token == JsonTokenComma)
                {
                        nextToken(json, index);
                }
                else if(token == JsonTokenCurlyClose)
                {
                        nextToken(json, index);
                        return map;
                }
                else
                {
                        //Parse the key/value pair's name
                        QString name = parseString(json, index, success).toString();

                        if(!success)
                        {
                                return QVariantMap();
                        }

                        //Get the next token
                        token = nextToken(json, index);

                        //If the next token is not a colon, flag the failure
                        //return an empty QVariant
                        if(token != JsonTokenColon)
                        {
                                success = false;
                                return QVariant(QVariantMap());
                        }

                        //Parse the key/value pair's value
                        QVariant value = parseValue(json, index, success);

                        if(!success)
                        {
                                return QVariantMap();
                        }

                        //Assign the value to the key in the map
                        map[name] = value;
                }
        }

        //Return the map successfully
        return QVariant(map);
}

/**
 * parseArray
 */
static QVariant parseArray(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success)
{
        QVariantList list;

        nextToken(json, index);

        bool done = false;
        while(!done)
        {
                int token = lookAhead(json, index);

                if(token == JsonTokenNone)
                {
                        success = false;
                        return QVariantList();
                }
                else if(token == JsonTokenComma)
                {
                        nextToken(json, index);
                }
                else if(token == JsonTokenSquaredClose)
                {
                        nextToken(json, index);
                        break;
                }
                else
                {
                        QVariant value = parseValue(json, index, success);

                        if(!success)
                        {
                                return QVariantList();
                        }

                        list.push_back(value);
                }
        }

        return QVariant(list);
}

/**
 * parseString
 */
static QVariant parseString(const QString &json, int &index, bool &success)
{
        QString s;
        QChar c;

        eatWhitespace(json, index);

        c = json[index++];

        bool complete = false;
        while(!complete)
        {
                if(index == json.size())
                {
                        break;
                }

                c = json[index++];

                if(c == '\"')
                {
                        complete = true;
                        break;
                }
                else if(c == '\\')
                {
                        if(index == json.size())
                        {
                                break;
                        }

                        c = json[index++];

                        if(c == '\"')
                        {
                                s.append('\"');
                        }
                        else if(c == '\\')
                        {
                                s.append('\\');
                        }
                        else if(c == '/')
                        {
                                s.append('/');
                        }
                        else if(c == 'b')
                        {
                                s.append('\b');
                        }
                        else if(c == 'f')
                        {
                                s.append('\f');
                        }
                        else if(c == 'n')
                        {
                                s.append('\n');
                        }
                        else if(c == 'r')
                        {
                                s.append('\r');
                        }
                        else if(c == 't')
                        {
                                s.append('\t');
                        }
                        else if(c == 'u')
                        {
                                int remainingLength = json.size() - index;

                                if(remainingLength >= 4)
                                {
                                        QString unicodeStr = json.mid(index, 4);

                                        int symbol = unicodeStr.toInt(0, 16);

                                        s.append(QChar(symbol));

                                        index += 4;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                else
                {
                        s.append(c);
                }
        }

        if(!complete)
        {
                success = false;
                return QVariant();
        }

        return QVariant(s);
}

/**
 * parseNumber
 */
static QVariant parseNumber(const QString &json, int &index)
{
        eatWhitespace(json, index);

        int lastIndex = lastIndexOfNumber(json, index);
        int charLength = (lastIndex - index) + 1;
        QString numberStr;

        numberStr = json.mid(index, charLength);

        index = lastIndex + 1;

        if (numberStr.contains('.')) {
                return QVariant(numberStr.toDouble(NULL));
        } else if (numberStr.startsWith('-')) {
                return QVariant(numberStr.toLongLong(NULL));
        } else {
                return QVariant(numberStr.toULongLong(NULL));
        }
}

/**
 * lastIndexOfNumber
 */
static int lastIndexOfNumber(const QString &json, int index)
{
        int lastIndex;

        for(lastIndex = index; lastIndex < json.size(); lastIndex++)
        {
                if(QString("0123456789+-.eE").indexOf(json[lastIndex]) == -1)
                {
                        break;
                }
        }

        return lastIndex -1;
}

/**
 * eatWhitespace
 */
static void eatWhitespace(const QString &json, int &index)
{
        for(; index < json.size(); index++)
        {
                if(QString(" \t\n\r").indexOf(json[index]) == -1)
                {
                        break;
                }
        }
}

/**
 * lookAhead
 */
static int lookAhead(const QString &json, int index)
{
        int saveIndex = index;
        return nextToken(json, saveIndex);
}

/**
 * nextToken
 */
static int nextToken(const QString &json, int &index)
{
        eatWhitespace(json, index);

        if(index == json.size())
        {
                return JsonTokenNone;
        }

        QChar c = json[index];
        index++;
        switch(c.toLatin1())
        {
                case '{': return JsonTokenCurlyOpen;
                case '}': return JsonTokenCurlyClose;
                case '[': return JsonTokenSquaredOpen;
                case ']': return JsonTokenSquaredClose;
                case ',': return JsonTokenComma;
                case '"': return JsonTokenString;
                case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
                case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
                case '-': return JsonTokenNumber;
                case ':': return JsonTokenColon;
        }

        index--;

        int remainingLength = json.size() - index;

        //True
        if(remainingLength >= 4)
        {
                if (json[index] == 't' && json[index + 1] == 'r' &&
                        json[index + 2] == 'u' && json[index + 3] == 'e')
                {
                        index += 4;
                        return JsonTokenTrue;
                }
        }

        //False
        if (remainingLength >= 5)
        {
                if (json[index] == 'f' && json[index + 1] == 'a' &&
                        json[index + 2] == 'l' && json[index + 3] == 's' &&
                        json[index + 4] == 'e')
                {
                        index += 5;
                        return JsonTokenFalse;
                }
        }

        //Null
        if (remainingLength >= 4)
        {
                if (json[index] == 'n' && json[index + 1] == 'u' &&
                        json[index + 2] == 'l' && json[index + 3] == 'l')
                {
                        index += 4;
                        return JsonTokenNull;
                }
        }

        return JsonTokenNone;
}


} //end namespace