TypeWrapper.cs

/*
  Copyright (C) 2002-2011 Jeroen Frijters

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

  Jeroen Frijters
  jeroen@frijters.net
  
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
#if STATIC_COMPILER || STUB_GENERATOR
using IKVM.Reflection;
using IKVM.Reflection.Emit;
using Type = IKVM.Reflection.Type;
#else
using System.Reflection;
#if !NOEMIT
using System.Reflection.Emit;
#endif
#endif
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using IKVM.Attributes;

namespace IKVM.Internal
{
	static class StringConstants
	{
		internal static readonly string CLINIT = string.Intern("<clinit>");
		internal static readonly string INIT = string.Intern("<init>");
		internal static readonly string SIG_VOID = string.Intern("()V");
		internal static readonly string FINALIZE = string.Intern("finalize");
		internal static readonly string CLONE = string.Intern("clone");
	}

	struct ExModifiers
	{
		internal readonly Modifiers Modifiers;
		internal readonly bool IsInternal;

		internal ExModifiers(Modifiers modifiers, bool isInternal)
		{
			this.Modifiers = modifiers;
			this.IsInternal = isInternal;
		}
	}

	static class AttributeHelper
	{
#if !NOEMIT
		private static CustomAttributeBuilder hideFromJavaAttribute;
#endif
#if STATIC_COMPILER
		private static CustomAttributeBuilder ghostInterfaceAttribute;
		private static CustomAttributeBuilder deprecatedAttribute;
		private static CustomAttributeBuilder editorBrowsableNever;
		private static ConstructorInfo implementsAttribute;
		private static ConstructorInfo throwsAttribute;
		private static ConstructorInfo sourceFileAttribute;
		private static ConstructorInfo lineNumberTableAttribute1;
		private static ConstructorInfo lineNumberTableAttribute2;
		private static ConstructorInfo enclosingMethodAttribute;
		private static ConstructorInfo signatureAttribute;
		private static CustomAttributeBuilder paramArrayAttribute;
		private static ConstructorInfo nonNestedInnerClassAttribute;
		private static ConstructorInfo nonNestedOuterClassAttribute;
		private static Type typeofModifiers = JVM.LoadType(typeof(Modifiers));
		private static Type typeofSourceFileAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(SourceFileAttribute));
		private static Type typeofLineNumberTableAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(LineNumberTableAttribute));
#endif // STATIC_COMPILER
		private static Type typeofRemappedClassAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(RemappedClassAttribute));
		private static Type typeofRemappedTypeAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(RemappedTypeAttribute));
		private static Type typeofModifiersAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(ModifiersAttribute));
		private static Type typeofRemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute));
		private static Type typeofNameSigAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(NameSigAttribute));
		private static Type typeofJavaModuleAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(JavaModuleAttribute));
		private static Type typeofSignatureAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(SignatureAttribute));
		private static Type typeofInnerClassAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(InnerClassAttribute));
		private static Type typeofImplementsAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(ImplementsAttribute));
		private static Type typeofGhostInterfaceAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(GhostInterfaceAttribute));
		private static Type typeofExceptionIsUnsafeForMappingAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(ExceptionIsUnsafeForMappingAttribute));
		private static Type typeofThrowsAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(ThrowsAttribute));
		private static Type typeofHideFromReflectionAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(HideFromReflectionAttribute));
		private static Type typeofHideFromJavaAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(HideFromJavaAttribute));
		private static Type typeofNoPackagePrefixAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(NoPackagePrefixAttribute));
		private static Type typeofAnnotationAttributeAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(AnnotationAttributeAttribute));
		private static Type typeofNonNestedInnerClassAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(NonNestedInnerClassAttribute));
		private static Type typeofNonNestedOuterClassAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(NonNestedOuterClassAttribute));
		private static Type typeofEnclosingMethodAttribute = JVM.LoadType(typeof(EnclosingMethodAttribute));

#if STATIC_COMPILER
		private static object ParseValue(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, TypeWrapper tw, string val)
		{
			if(tw == CoreClasses.java.lang.String.Wrapper)
			{
				return val;
			}
			else if(tw.TypeAsTBD.IsEnum)
			{
				return EnumHelper.Parse(tw.TypeAsTBD, val);
			}
			else if(tw.TypeAsTBD == Types.Type)
			{
				TypeWrapper valtw = loader.LoadClassByDottedNameFast(val);
				if(valtw != null)
				{
					return valtw.TypeAsBaseType;
				}
				return StaticCompiler.Universe.GetType(val, true);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN)
			{
				return bool.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE)
			{
				return (byte)sbyte.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR)
			{
				return char.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT)
			{
				return short.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT)
			{
				return int.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.FLOAT)
			{
				return float.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG)
			{
				return long.Parse(val);
			}
			else if(tw == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE)
			{
				return double.Parse(val);
			}
			else
			{
				throw new NotImplementedException();
			}
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, TypeBuilder tb, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			bool declarativeSecurity;
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr, out declarativeSecurity);
			if (declarativeSecurity)
			{
				tb.__AddDeclarativeSecurity(cab);
			}
			else
			{
				tb.SetCustomAttribute(cab);
			}
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, FieldBuilder fb, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr));
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, ParameterBuilder pb, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr));
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, MethodBuilder mb, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			bool declarativeSecurity;
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr, out declarativeSecurity);
			if (declarativeSecurity)
			{
				mb.__AddDeclarativeSecurity(cab);
			}
			else
			{
				mb.SetCustomAttribute(CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr));
			}
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, ConstructorBuilder cb, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			bool declarativeSecurity;
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr, out declarativeSecurity);
			if (declarativeSecurity)
			{
				cb.__AddDeclarativeSecurity(cab);
			}
			else
			{
				cb.SetCustomAttribute(CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr));
			}
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, PropertyBuilder pb, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr));
		}

		internal static void SetCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, AssemblyBuilder ab, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			ab.SetCustomAttribute(CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr));
		}

		private static void GetAttributeArgsAndTypes(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr, out Type[] argTypes, out object[] args)
		{
			// TODO add error handling
			TypeWrapper[] twargs = loader.ArgTypeWrapperListFromSigNoThrow(attr.Sig);
			argTypes = new Type[twargs.Length];
			args = new object[argTypes.Length];
			for(int i = 0; i < twargs.Length; i++)
			{
				argTypes[i] = twargs[i].TypeAsSignatureType;
				TypeWrapper tw = twargs[i];
				if(tw == CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper)
				{
					tw = loader.FieldTypeWrapperFromSigNoThrow(attr.Params[i].Sig);
				}
				if(tw.IsArray)
				{
					Array arr = Array.CreateInstance(Type.__GetSystemType(Type.GetTypeCode(tw.ElementTypeWrapper.TypeAsArrayType)), attr.Params[i].Elements.Length);
					for(int j = 0; j < arr.Length; j++)
					{
						arr.SetValue(ParseValue(loader, tw.ElementTypeWrapper, attr.Params[i].Elements[j].Value), j);
					}
					args[i] = arr;
				}
				else
				{
					args[i] = ParseValue(loader, tw, attr.Params[i].Value);
				}
			}
		}

		private static CustomAttributeBuilder CreateCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr)
		{
			bool ignore;
			return CreateCustomAttribute(loader, attr, out ignore);
		}

		private static CustomAttributeBuilder CreateCustomAttribute(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, IKVM.Internal.MapXml.Attribute attr, out bool isDeclarativeSecurity)
		{
			// TODO add error handling
			Type[] argTypes;
			object[] args;
			GetAttributeArgsAndTypes(loader, attr, out argTypes, out args);
			if(attr.Type != null)
			{
				Type t = StaticCompiler.GetTypeForMapXml(loader, attr.Type);
				isDeclarativeSecurity = t.IsSubclassOf(Types.SecurityAttribute);
				ConstructorInfo ci = t.GetConstructor(argTypes);
				if(ci == null)
				{
					throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Constructor missing: {0}::<init>{1}", attr.Type, attr.Sig));
				}
				PropertyInfo[] namedProperties;
				object[] propertyValues;
				if(attr.Properties != null)
				{
					namedProperties = new PropertyInfo[attr.Properties.Length];
					propertyValues = new object[attr.Properties.Length];
					for(int i = 0; i < namedProperties.Length; i++)
					{
						namedProperties[i] = t.GetProperty(attr.Properties[i].Name);
						propertyValues[i] = ParseValue(loader, loader.FieldTypeWrapperFromSigNoThrow(attr.Properties[i].Sig), attr.Properties[i].Value);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					namedProperties = new PropertyInfo[0];
					propertyValues = new object[0];
				}
				FieldInfo[] namedFields;
				object[] fieldValues;
				if(attr.Fields != null)
				{
					namedFields = new FieldInfo[attr.Fields.Length];
					fieldValues = new object[attr.Fields.Length];
					for(int i = 0; i < namedFields.Length; i++)
					{
						namedFields[i] = t.GetField(attr.Fields[i].Name);
						fieldValues[i] = ParseValue(loader, loader.FieldTypeWrapperFromSigNoThrow(attr.Fields[i].Sig), attr.Fields[i].Value);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					namedFields = new FieldInfo[0];
					fieldValues = new object[0];
				}
				return new CustomAttributeBuilder(ci, args, namedProperties, propertyValues, namedFields, fieldValues);
			}
			else
			{
				if(attr.Properties != null)
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("Setting property values on Java attributes is not implemented");
				}
				TypeWrapper t = loader.LoadClassByDottedName(attr.Class);
				isDeclarativeSecurity = t.TypeAsBaseType.IsSubclassOf(Types.SecurityAttribute);
				MethodWrapper mw = t.GetMethodWrapper("<init>", attr.Sig, false);
				mw.Link();
				ConstructorInfo ci = (ConstructorInfo)mw.GetMethod();
				if(ci == null)
				{
					throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Constructor missing: {0}::<init>{1}", attr.Class, attr.Sig));
				}
				FieldInfo[] namedFields;
				object[] fieldValues;
				if(attr.Fields != null)
				{
					namedFields = new FieldInfo[attr.Fields.Length];
					fieldValues = new object[attr.Fields.Length];
					for(int i = 0; i < namedFields.Length; i++)
					{
						FieldWrapper fw = t.GetFieldWrapper(attr.Fields[i].Name, attr.Fields[i].Sig);
						fw.Link();
						namedFields[i] = fw.GetField();
						fieldValues[i] = ParseValue(loader, loader.FieldTypeWrapperFromSigNoThrow(attr.Fields[i].Sig), attr.Fields[i].Value);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					namedFields = new FieldInfo[0];
					fieldValues = new object[0];
				}
				return new CustomAttributeBuilder(ci, args, namedFields, fieldValues);
			}
		}

		private static Assembly GetSystemAssembly()
		{
			AssemblyName name = Types.Object.Assembly.GetName();
			name.Name = "System";
			return StaticCompiler.Load(name.FullName);
		}

		private static CustomAttributeBuilder GetEditorBrowsableNever()
		{
			if (editorBrowsableNever == null)
			{
				Assembly system = GetSystemAssembly();
				editorBrowsableNever = new CustomAttributeBuilder(system.GetType("System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute", true).GetConstructor(new Type[] { system.GetType("System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState", true) }), new object[] { (int)System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never });
			}
			return editorBrowsableNever;
		}

		internal static void SetEditorBrowsableNever(TypeBuilder tb)
		{
			tb.SetCustomAttribute(GetEditorBrowsableNever());
		}

		internal static void SetEditorBrowsableNever(MethodBuilder mb)
		{
			mb.SetCustomAttribute(GetEditorBrowsableNever());
		}

		internal static void SetEditorBrowsableNever(ConstructorBuilder cb)
		{
			cb.SetCustomAttribute(GetEditorBrowsableNever());
		}

		internal static void SetEditorBrowsableNever(PropertyBuilder pb)
		{
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(GetEditorBrowsableNever());
		}

		internal static void SetDeprecatedAttribute(MethodBase mb)
		{
			if(deprecatedAttribute == null)
			{
				deprecatedAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(JVM.Import(typeof(ObsoleteAttribute)).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			MethodBuilder method = mb as MethodBuilder;
			if(method != null)
			{
				method.SetCustomAttribute(deprecatedAttribute);
			}
			else
			{
				((ConstructorBuilder)mb).SetCustomAttribute(deprecatedAttribute);
			}
		}

		internal static void SetDeprecatedAttribute(TypeBuilder tb)
		{
			if(deprecatedAttribute == null)
			{
				deprecatedAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(JVM.Import(typeof(ObsoleteAttribute)).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			tb.SetCustomAttribute(deprecatedAttribute);
		}

		internal static void SetDeprecatedAttribute(FieldBuilder fb)
		{
			if(deprecatedAttribute == null)
			{
				deprecatedAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(JVM.Import(typeof(ObsoleteAttribute)).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(deprecatedAttribute);
		}

		internal static void SetDeprecatedAttribute(PropertyBuilder pb)
		{
			if(deprecatedAttribute == null)
			{
				deprecatedAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(JVM.Import(typeof(ObsoleteAttribute)).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(deprecatedAttribute);
		}

		internal static void SetThrowsAttribute(MethodBase mb, string[] exceptions)
		{
			if(exceptions != null && exceptions.Length != 0)
			{
				if(throwsAttribute == null)
				{
					throwsAttribute = typeofThrowsAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { JVM.Import(typeof(string[])) });
				}
				if(mb is MethodBuilder)
				{
					MethodBuilder method = (MethodBuilder)mb;
					method.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(throwsAttribute, new object[] { exceptions }));
				}
				else
				{
					ConstructorBuilder constructor = (ConstructorBuilder)mb;
					constructor.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(throwsAttribute, new object[] { exceptions }));
				}
			}
		}

		internal static void SetGhostInterface(TypeBuilder typeBuilder)
		{
			if(ghostInterfaceAttribute == null)
			{
				ghostInterfaceAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofGhostInterfaceAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(ghostInterfaceAttribute);
		}

		internal static void SetNonNestedInnerClass(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, string className)
		{
			if(nonNestedInnerClassAttribute == null)
			{
				nonNestedInnerClassAttribute = typeofNonNestedInnerClassAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(nonNestedInnerClassAttribute, new object[] { className }));
		}

		internal static void SetNonNestedOuterClass(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, string className)
		{
			if(nonNestedOuterClassAttribute == null)
			{
				nonNestedOuterClassAttribute = typeofNonNestedOuterClassAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(nonNestedOuterClassAttribute, new object[] { className }));
		}
#endif // STATIC_COMPILER

#if !NOEMIT
		internal static void HideFromReflection(MethodBuilder mb)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromReflectionAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			mb.SetCustomAttribute(cab);
		}

		internal static void HideFromReflection(FieldBuilder fb)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromReflectionAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(cab);
		}

		internal static void HideFromReflection(PropertyBuilder pb)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromReflectionAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(cab);
		}
#endif

		internal static bool IsHideFromReflection(MemberInfo mi)
		{
			return mi.IsDefined(typeofHideFromReflectionAttribute, false);
		}

#if !NOEMIT
		internal static void HideFromJava(TypeBuilder typeBuilder)
		{
			if(hideFromJavaAttribute == null)
			{
				hideFromJavaAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(hideFromJavaAttribute);
		}

		internal static void HideFromJava(ConstructorBuilder cb)
		{
			if(hideFromJavaAttribute == null)
			{
				hideFromJavaAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			cb.SetCustomAttribute(hideFromJavaAttribute);
		}

		internal static void HideFromJava(MethodBuilder mb)
		{
			if(hideFromJavaAttribute == null)
			{
				hideFromJavaAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			mb.SetCustomAttribute(hideFromJavaAttribute);
		}

		internal static void HideFromJava(FieldBuilder fb)
		{
			if(hideFromJavaAttribute == null)
			{
				hideFromJavaAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(hideFromJavaAttribute);
		}
#endif // !NOEMIT

#if STATIC_COMPILER
		internal static void HideFromJava(PropertyBuilder pb)
		{
			if(hideFromJavaAttribute == null)
			{
				hideFromJavaAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(hideFromJavaAttribute);
		}
#endif // STATIC_COMPILER

		internal static bool IsHideFromJava(Type type)
		{
			return type.IsDefined(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute, false)
				|| (type.IsNested && (type.DeclaringType.IsDefined(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute, false) || type.Name.StartsWith("__<", StringComparison.Ordinal)));
		}

		internal static bool IsHideFromJava(MemberInfo mi)
		{
			// NOTE all privatescope fields and methods are "hideFromJava"
			// because Java cannot deal with the potential name clashes
			FieldInfo fi = mi as FieldInfo;
			if(fi != null && (fi.Attributes & FieldAttributes.FieldAccessMask) == FieldAttributes.PrivateScope)
			{
				return true;
			}
			MethodBase mb = mi as MethodBase;
			if(mb != null && (mb.Attributes & MethodAttributes.MemberAccessMask) == MethodAttributes.PrivateScope)
			{
				return true;
			}
			if (mi.Name.StartsWith("__<", StringComparison.Ordinal))
			{
				return true;
			}
			return mi.IsDefined(typeofHideFromJavaAttribute, false);
		}

#if STATIC_COMPILER
		internal static void SetImplementsAttribute(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, TypeWrapper[] ifaceWrappers)
		{
			if(ifaceWrappers != null && ifaceWrappers.Length != 0)
			{
				string[] interfaces = new string[ifaceWrappers.Length];
				for(int i = 0; i < interfaces.Length; i++)
				{
					interfaces[i] = ifaceWrappers[i].Name;
				}
				if(implementsAttribute == null)
				{
					implementsAttribute = typeofImplementsAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { JVM.Import(typeof(string[])) });
				}
				typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(implementsAttribute, new object[] { interfaces }));
			}
		}
#endif

		internal static bool IsGhostInterface(Type type)
		{
			return type.IsDefined(typeofGhostInterfaceAttribute, false);
		}

		internal static bool IsRemappedType(Type type)
		{
			return type.IsDefined(typeofRemappedTypeAttribute, false);
		}

		internal static bool IsExceptionIsUnsafeForMapping(Type type)
		{
			return type.IsDefined(typeofExceptionIsUnsafeForMappingAttribute, false);
		}

		internal static ModifiersAttribute GetModifiersAttribute(MemberInfo member)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attr = member.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ModifiersAttribute), false);
			return attr.Length == 1 ? (ModifiersAttribute)attr[0] : null;
#else
			IList<CustomAttributeData> attr = CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(member, typeofModifiersAttribute, false);
			if(attr.Count == 1)
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = attr[0].ConstructorArguments;
				if(args.Count == 2)
				{
					return new ModifiersAttribute((Modifiers)args[0].Value, (bool)args[1].Value);
				}
				return new ModifiersAttribute((Modifiers)args[0].Value);
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static ExModifiers GetModifiers(MethodBase mb, bool assemblyIsPrivate)
		{
			ModifiersAttribute attr = GetModifiersAttribute(mb);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				return new ExModifiers(attr.Modifiers, attr.IsInternal);
			}
			Modifiers modifiers = 0;
			if(mb.IsPublic)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Public;
			}
			else if(mb.IsPrivate)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Private;
			}
			else if(mb.IsFamily || mb.IsFamilyOrAssembly)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Protected;
			}
			else if(assemblyIsPrivate)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Private;
			}
			// NOTE Java doesn't support non-virtual methods, but we set the Final modifier for
			// non-virtual methods to approximate the semantics
			if((mb.IsFinal || (!mb.IsVirtual && ((modifiers & Modifiers.Private) == 0))) && !mb.IsStatic && !mb.IsConstructor)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Final;
			}
			if(mb.IsAbstract)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Abstract;
			}
			else
			{
				// Some .NET interfaces (like System._AppDomain) have synchronized methods,
				// Java doesn't allow synchronized on an abstract methods, so we ignore it for
				// abstract methods.
				if((mb.GetMethodImplementationFlags() & MethodImplAttributes.Synchronized) != 0)
				{
					modifiers |= Modifiers.Synchronized;
				}
			}
			if(mb.IsStatic)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Static;
			}
			if((mb.Attributes & MethodAttributes.PinvokeImpl) != 0)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Native;
			}
			ParameterInfo[] parameters = mb.GetParameters();
			if(parameters.Length > 0 && parameters[parameters.Length - 1].IsDefined(JVM.Import(typeof(ParamArrayAttribute)), false))
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.VarArgs;
			}
			return new ExModifiers(modifiers, false);
		}

		internal static ExModifiers GetModifiers(FieldInfo fi, bool assemblyIsPrivate)
		{
			ModifiersAttribute attr = GetModifiersAttribute(fi);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				return new ExModifiers(attr.Modifiers, attr.IsInternal);
			}
			Modifiers modifiers = 0;
			if(fi.IsPublic)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Public;
			}
			else if(fi.IsPrivate)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Private;
			}
			else if(fi.IsFamily || fi.IsFamilyOrAssembly)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Protected;
			}
			else if(assemblyIsPrivate)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Private;
			}
			if(fi.IsInitOnly || fi.IsLiteral)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Final;
			}
			if(fi.IsNotSerialized)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Transient;
			}
			if(fi.IsStatic)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Static;
			}
			if(Array.IndexOf(fi.GetRequiredCustomModifiers(), Types.IsVolatile) != -1)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Volatile;
			}
			return new ExModifiers(modifiers, false);
		}

#if STATIC_COMPILER
		internal static void SetModifiers(MethodBuilder mb, Modifiers modifiers, bool isInternal)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder;
			if (isInternal)
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers, Types.Boolean }), new object[] { modifiers, isInternal });
			}
			else
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers }), new object[] { modifiers });
			}
			mb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetModifiers(ConstructorBuilder cb, Modifiers modifiers, bool isInternal)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder;
			if (isInternal)
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers, Types.Boolean }), new object[] { modifiers, isInternal });
			}
			else
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers }), new object[] { modifiers });
			}
			cb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetModifiers(FieldBuilder fb, Modifiers modifiers, bool isInternal)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder;
			if (isInternal)
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers, Types.Boolean }), new object[] { modifiers, isInternal });
			}
			else
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers }), new object[] { modifiers });
			}
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetModifiers(PropertyBuilder pb, Modifiers modifiers, bool isInternal)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder;
			if (isInternal)
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers, Types.Boolean }), new object[] { modifiers, isInternal });
			}
			else
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers }), new object[] { modifiers });
			}
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetModifiers(TypeBuilder tb, Modifiers modifiers, bool isInternal)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder;
			if (isInternal)
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers, Types.Boolean }), new object[] { modifiers, isInternal });
			}
			else
			{
				customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofModifiersAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeofModifiers }), new object[] { modifiers });
			}
			tb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetNameSig(MethodBase mb, string name, string sig)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofNameSigAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String, Types.String }), new object[] { name, sig });
			MethodBuilder method = mb as MethodBuilder;
			if(method != null)
			{
				method.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
			}
			else
			{
				((ConstructorBuilder)mb).SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
			}
		}

		internal static void SetNameSig(FieldBuilder fb, string name, string sig)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofNameSigAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String, Types.String }), new object[] { name, sig });
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetNameSig(PropertyBuilder pb, string name, string sig)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofNameSigAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String, Types.String }), new object[] { name, sig });
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static byte[] FreezeDryType(Type type)
		{
			System.IO.MemoryStream mem = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
			System.IO.BinaryWriter bw = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(mem, System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8);
			bw.Write((short)1);
			bw.Write(type.FullName);
			bw.Write((short)0);
			return mem.ToArray();
		}

		internal static void SetInnerClass(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, string innerClass, Modifiers modifiers)
		{
			Type[] argTypes = new Type[] { Types.String, typeofModifiers };
			object[] args = new object[] { innerClass, modifiers };
			ConstructorInfo ci = typeofInnerClassAttribute.GetConstructor(argTypes);
			CustomAttributeBuilder customAttributeBuilder = new CustomAttributeBuilder(ci, args);
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(customAttributeBuilder);
		}

		internal static void SetSourceFile(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, string filename)
		{
			if(sourceFileAttribute == null)
			{
				sourceFileAttribute = typeofSourceFileAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(sourceFileAttribute, new object[] { filename }));
		}

		internal static void SetSourceFile(ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder, string filename)
		{
			if(sourceFileAttribute == null)
			{
				sourceFileAttribute = typeofSourceFileAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			moduleBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(sourceFileAttribute, new object[] { filename }));
		}

		internal static void SetLineNumberTable(MethodBase mb, IKVM.Attributes.LineNumberTableAttribute.LineNumberWriter writer)
		{
			object arg;
			ConstructorInfo con;
			if(writer.Count == 1)
			{
				if(lineNumberTableAttribute2 == null)
				{
					lineNumberTableAttribute2 = typeofLineNumberTableAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.UInt16 });
				}
				con = lineNumberTableAttribute2;
				arg = (ushort)writer.LineNo;
			}
			else
			{
				if(lineNumberTableAttribute1 == null)
				{
					lineNumberTableAttribute1 = typeofLineNumberTableAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { JVM.Import(typeof(byte[])) });
				}
				con = lineNumberTableAttribute1;
				arg = writer.ToArray();
			}
			if(mb is ConstructorBuilder)
			{
				((ConstructorBuilder)mb).SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(con, new object[] { arg }));
			}
			else
			{
				((MethodBuilder)mb).SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(con, new object[] { arg }));
			}
		}

		internal static void SetEnclosingMethodAttribute(TypeBuilder tb, string className, string methodName, string methodSig)
		{
			if(enclosingMethodAttribute == null)
			{
				enclosingMethodAttribute = typeofEnclosingMethodAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String, Types.String, Types.String });
			}
			tb.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(enclosingMethodAttribute, new object[] { className, methodName, methodSig }));
		}

		internal static void SetSignatureAttribute(TypeBuilder tb, string signature)
		{
			if(signatureAttribute == null)
			{
				signatureAttribute = typeofSignatureAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			tb.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(signatureAttribute, new object[] { signature }));
		}

		internal static void SetSignatureAttribute(FieldBuilder fb, string signature)
		{
			if(signatureAttribute == null)
			{
				signatureAttribute = typeofSignatureAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			fb.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(signatureAttribute, new object[] { signature }));
		}

		internal static void SetSignatureAttribute(MethodBase mb, string signature)
		{
			if(signatureAttribute == null)
			{
				signatureAttribute = typeofSignatureAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String });
			}
			if(mb is ConstructorBuilder)
			{
				((ConstructorBuilder)mb).SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(signatureAttribute, new object[] { signature }));
			}
			else
			{
				((MethodBuilder)mb).SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(signatureAttribute, new object[] { signature }));
			}
		}

		internal static void SetParamArrayAttribute(ParameterBuilder pb)
		{
			if(paramArrayAttribute == null)
			{
				paramArrayAttribute = new CustomAttributeBuilder(JVM.Import(typeof(ParamArrayAttribute)).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			}
			pb.SetCustomAttribute(paramArrayAttribute);
		}
#endif  // STATIC_COMPILER

		internal static NameSigAttribute GetNameSig(MemberInfo member)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attr = member.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(NameSigAttribute), false);
			return attr.Length == 1 ? (NameSigAttribute)attr[0] : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(member, typeofNameSigAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				return new NameSigAttribute((string)args[0].Value, (string)args[1].Value);
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static T[] DecodeArray<T>(CustomAttributeTypedArgument arg)
		{
			IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> elems = (IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument>)arg.Value;
			T[] arr = new T[elems.Count];
			for(int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
			{
				arr[i] = (T)elems[i].Value;
			}
			return arr;
		}

		internal static ImplementsAttribute GetImplements(Type type)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ImplementsAttribute), false);
			return attribs.Length == 1 ? (ImplementsAttribute)attribs[0] : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(type, typeofImplementsAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				return new ImplementsAttribute(DecodeArray<string>(args[0]));
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static ThrowsAttribute GetThrows(MethodBase mb)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = mb.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ThrowsAttribute), false);
			return attribs.Length == 1 ? (ThrowsAttribute)attribs[0] : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(mb, typeofThrowsAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				if (args[0].ArgumentType == Types.String.MakeArrayType())
				{
					return new ThrowsAttribute(DecodeArray<string>(args[0]));
				}
				else if (args[0].ArgumentType == Types.Type.MakeArrayType())
				{
					return new ThrowsAttribute(DecodeArray<Type>(args[0]));
				}
				else
				{
					return new ThrowsAttribute((Type)args[0].Value);
				}
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static string[] GetNonNestedInnerClasses(Type t)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = t.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(NonNestedInnerClassAttribute), false);
			string[] classes = new string[attribs.Length];
			for (int i = 0; i < attribs.Length; i++)
			{
				classes[i] = ((NonNestedInnerClassAttribute)attribs[i]).InnerClassName;
			}
			return classes;
#else
			List<string> list = new List<string>();
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(t, typeofNonNestedInnerClassAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				list.Add((string)args[0].Value);
			}
			return list.ToArray();
#endif
		}

		internal static string GetNonNestedOuterClasses(Type t)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = t.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(NonNestedOuterClassAttribute), false);
			return attribs.Length == 1 ? ((NonNestedOuterClassAttribute)attribs[0]).OuterClassName : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(t, typeofNonNestedOuterClassAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				return (string)args[0].Value;
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static SignatureAttribute GetSignature(MemberInfo member)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = member.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(SignatureAttribute), false);
			return attribs.Length == 1 ? (SignatureAttribute)attribs[0] : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(member, typeofSignatureAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				return new SignatureAttribute((string)args[0].Value);
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static InnerClassAttribute GetInnerClass(Type type)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InnerClassAttribute), false);
			return attribs.Length == 1 ? (InnerClassAttribute)attribs[0] : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(type, typeofInnerClassAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				return new InnerClassAttribute((string)args[0].Value, (Modifiers)args[1].Value);
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute[] GetRemappedInterfaceMethods(Type type)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attr = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute), false);
			RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute[] attr1 = new RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute[attr.Length];
			Array.Copy(attr, attr1, attr.Length);
			return attr1;
#else
			List<RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute> attrs = new List<RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute>();
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(type, typeofRemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				attrs.Add(new RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute((string)args[0].Value, (string)args[1].Value));
			}
			return attrs.ToArray();
#endif
		}

		internal static RemappedTypeAttribute GetRemappedType(Type type)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attribs = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(RemappedTypeAttribute), false);
			return attribs.Length == 1 ? (RemappedTypeAttribute)attribs[0] : null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(type, typeofRemappedTypeAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				return new RemappedTypeAttribute((Type)args[0].Value);
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static RemappedClassAttribute[] GetRemappedClasses(Assembly coreAssembly)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attr = coreAssembly.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(RemappedClassAttribute), false);
			RemappedClassAttribute[] attr1 = new RemappedClassAttribute[attr.Length];
			Array.Copy(attr, attr1, attr.Length);
			return attr1;
#else
			List<RemappedClassAttribute> attrs = new List<RemappedClassAttribute>();
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(coreAssembly, typeofRemappedClassAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				attrs.Add(new RemappedClassAttribute((string)args[0].Value, (Type)args[1].Value));
			}
			return attrs.ToArray();
#endif
		}

		internal static string GetAnnotationAttributeType(Type type)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attr = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AnnotationAttributeAttribute), false);
			if(attr.Length == 1)
			{
				return ((AnnotationAttributeAttribute)attr[0]).AttributeType;
			}
			return null;
#else
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(type, typeofAnnotationAttributeAttribute, false))
			{
				return (string)cad.ConstructorArguments[0].Value;
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

		internal static AssemblyName[] GetInternalsVisibleToAttributes(Assembly assembly)
		{
			List<AssemblyName> list = new List<AssemblyName>();
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(assembly))
			{
				if(cad.Constructor.DeclaringType == JVM.Import(typeof(System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InternalsVisibleToAttribute)))
				{
					try
					{
						list.Add(new AssemblyName((string)cad.ConstructorArguments[0].Value));
					}
					catch
					{
						// HACK since there is no list of exception that the AssemblyName constructor can throw, we simply catch all
					}
				}
			}
			return list.ToArray();
		}

		internal static bool IsJavaModule(Module mod)
		{
			return mod.IsDefined(typeofJavaModuleAttribute, false);
		}

		internal static object[] GetJavaModuleAttributes(Module mod)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			return mod.GetCustomAttributes(typeofJavaModuleAttribute, false);
#else
			List<JavaModuleAttribute> attrs = new List<JavaModuleAttribute>();
			foreach(CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(mod, typeofJavaModuleAttribute, false))
			{
				IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument> args = cad.ConstructorArguments;
				if(args.Count == 0)
				{
					attrs.Add(new JavaModuleAttribute());
				}
				else
				{
					attrs.Add(new JavaModuleAttribute(DecodeArray<string>(args[0])));
				}
			}
			return attrs.ToArray();
#endif
		}

		internal static bool IsNoPackagePrefix(Type type)
		{
			return type.IsDefined(typeofNoPackagePrefixAttribute, false) || type.Assembly.IsDefined(typeofNoPackagePrefixAttribute, false);
		}

		internal static EnclosingMethodAttribute GetEnclosingMethodAttribute(Type type)
		{
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
			object[] attr = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(EnclosingMethodAttribute), false);
			if (attr.Length == 1)
			{
				return (EnclosingMethodAttribute)attr[0];
			}
			return null;
#else
			foreach (CustomAttributeData cad in CustomAttributeData.__GetCustomAttributes(type, typeofEnclosingMethodAttribute, false))
			{
				return new EnclosingMethodAttribute((string)cad.ConstructorArguments[0].Value, (string)cad.ConstructorArguments[1].Value, (string)cad.ConstructorArguments[2].Value);
			}
			return null;
#endif
		}

#if STATIC_COMPILER
		internal static void SetRemappedClass(AssemblyBuilder assemblyBuilder, string name, Type shadowType)
		{
			ConstructorInfo remappedClassAttribute = typeofRemappedClassAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String, Types.Type });
			assemblyBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(remappedClassAttribute, new object[] { name, shadowType }));
		}

		internal static void SetRemappedType(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, Type shadowType)
		{
			ConstructorInfo remappedTypeAttribute = typeofRemappedTypeAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.Type });
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(remappedTypeAttribute, new object[] { shadowType }));
		}

		internal static void SetRemappedInterfaceMethod(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, string name, string mappedTo)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofRemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute.GetConstructor(new Type[] { Types.String, Types.String }), new object[] { name, mappedTo });
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(cab);
		}

		internal static void SetExceptionIsUnsafeForMapping(TypeBuilder typeBuilder)
		{
			CustomAttributeBuilder cab = new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeofExceptionIsUnsafeForMappingAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0]);
			typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(cab);
		}
#endif // STATIC_COMPILER

#if !NOEMIT
		internal static void SetRuntimeCompatibilityAttribute(AssemblyBuilder assemblyBuilder)
		{
			Type runtimeCompatibilityAttribute = JVM.Import(typeof(System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeCompatibilityAttribute));
			assemblyBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(
				runtimeCompatibilityAttribute.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0],
				new PropertyInfo[] { runtimeCompatibilityAttribute.GetProperty("WrapNonExceptionThrows") }, new object[] { true },
				new FieldInfo[0], new object[0]));
		}
#endif
	}

	static class EnumHelper
	{
		internal static Type GetUnderlyingType(Type enumType)
		{
#if STATIC_COMPILER || STUB_GENERATOR
			return enumType.GetEnumUnderlyingType();
#else
			return Enum.GetUnderlyingType(enumType);
#endif
		}

#if STATIC_COMPILER
		internal static object Parse(Type type, string value)
		{
			object retval = null;
			foreach (string str in value.Split(','))
			{
				FieldInfo field = type.GetField(str.Trim(), BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static);
				if (field == null)
				{
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Enum value '" + str + "' not found in " + type.FullName);
				}
				if (retval == null)
				{
					retval = field.GetRawConstantValue();
				}
				else
				{
					retval = OrBoxedIntegrals(retval, field.GetRawConstantValue());
				}
			}
			return retval;
		}
#endif

		// note that we only support the integer types that C# supports
		// (the CLI also supports bool, char, IntPtr & UIntPtr)
		internal static object OrBoxedIntegrals(object v1, object v2)
		{
			Debug.Assert(v1.GetType() == v2.GetType());
			if (v1 is ulong)
			{
				ulong l1 = (ulong)v1;
				ulong l2 = (ulong)v2;
				return l1 | l2;
			}
			else
			{
				long v = ((IConvertible)v1).ToInt64(null) | ((IConvertible)v2).ToInt64(null);
				switch (Type.GetTypeCode(JVM.Import(v1.GetType())))
				{
					case TypeCode.SByte:
						return (sbyte)v;
					case TypeCode.Byte:
						return (byte)v;
					case TypeCode.Int16:
						return (short)v;
					case TypeCode.UInt16:
						return (ushort)v;
					case TypeCode.Int32:
						return (int)v;
					case TypeCode.UInt32:
						return (uint)v;
					case TypeCode.Int64:
						return (long)v;
					default:
						throw new InvalidOperationException();
				}
			}
		}

		// this method can be used to convert an enum value or its underlying value to a Java primitive
		internal static object GetPrimitiveValue(Type underlyingType, object obj)
		{
			// Note that this method doesn't trust that obj is of the correct type,
			// because it turns out there exist assemblies (e.g. gtk-sharp.dll) that
			// have incorrectly typed enum constant values (e.g. int32 instead of uint32).
			long value;
			if (obj is ulong || (obj is Enum && underlyingType == Types.UInt64))
			{
				value = unchecked((long)((IConvertible)obj).ToUInt64(null));
			}
			else
			{
				value = ((IConvertible)obj).ToInt64(null);
			}
			if (underlyingType == Types.SByte || underlyingType == Types.Byte)
			{
				return unchecked((byte)value);
			}
			else if (underlyingType == Types.Int16 || underlyingType == Types.UInt16)
			{
				return unchecked((short)value);
			}
			else if (underlyingType == Types.Int32 || underlyingType == Types.UInt32)
			{
				return unchecked((int)value);
			}
			else if (underlyingType == Types.Int64 || underlyingType == Types.UInt64)
			{
				return value;
			}
			else
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}
	}

	abstract class Annotation
	{
		// NOTE this method returns null if the type could not be found
		// or if the type is not a Custom Attribute and we're not in the static compiler
		internal static Annotation Load(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, object[] def)
		{
			Debug.Assert(def[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ANNOTATION));
			string annotationClass = (string)def[1];
#if !STATIC_COMPILER
			if(!annotationClass.EndsWith("$Annotation;")
				&& !annotationClass.EndsWith("$Annotation$__ReturnValue;")
				&& !annotationClass.EndsWith("$Annotation$__Multiple;"))
			{
				// we don't want to try to load an annotation in dynamic mode,
				// unless it is a .NET custom attribute (which can affect runtime behavior)
				return null;
			}
#endif
			try
			{
				TypeWrapper annot = loader.RetTypeWrapperFromSig(annotationClass.Replace('/', '.'));
				return annot.Annotation;
			}
#if STATIC_COMPILER
			catch(ClassNotFoundException x)
			{
				loader.IssueMessage(Message.ClassNotFound, x.Message);
				return null;
			}
#endif
			catch (RetargetableJavaException)
			{
				Tracer.Warning(Tracer.Compiler, "Unable to load annotation class {0}", annotationClass);
				return null;
			}
		}

		private static object LookupEnumValue(Type enumType, string value)
		{
			FieldInfo field = enumType.GetField(value, BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
			if(field != null)
			{
				return field.GetRawConstantValue();
			}
			// both __unspecified and missing values end up here
			return EnumHelper.GetPrimitiveValue(EnumHelper.GetUnderlyingType(enumType), 0);
		}

		protected static object ConvertValue(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, Type targetType, object obj)
		{
			if(targetType.IsEnum)
			{
				// TODO check the obj descriptor matches the type we expect
				if(((object[])obj)[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ARRAY))
				{
					object[] arr = (object[])obj;
					object value = null;
					for(int i = 1; i < arr.Length; i++)
					{
						// TODO check the obj descriptor matches the type we expect
						string s = ((object[])arr[i])[2].ToString();
						object newval = LookupEnumValue(targetType, s);
						if (value == null)
						{
							value = newval;
						}
						else
						{
							value = EnumHelper.OrBoxedIntegrals(value, newval);
						}
					}
					return value;
				}
				else
				{
					string s = ((object[])obj)[2].ToString();
					if(s == "__unspecified")
					{
						// TODO we should probably return null and handle that
					}
					return LookupEnumValue(targetType, s);
				}
			}
			else if(targetType == Types.Type)
			{
				// TODO check the obj descriptor matches the type we expect
				return loader.FieldTypeWrapperFromSig(((string)((object[])obj)[1]).Replace('/', '.')).TypeAsTBD;
			}
			else if(targetType.IsArray)
			{
				// TODO check the obj descriptor matches the type we expect
				object[] arr = (object[])obj;
				Type elementType = targetType.GetElementType();
				object[] targetArray = new object[arr.Length - 1];
				for(int i = 1; i < arr.Length; i++)
				{
					targetArray[i - 1] = ConvertValue(loader, elementType, arr[i]);
				}
				return targetArray;
			}
			else
			{
				return obj;
			}
		}

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal static bool MakeDeclSecurity(Type type, object annotation, out SecurityAction action, out PermissionSet permSet)
		{
			ConstructorInfo ci = type.GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeof(SecurityAction) });
			if (ci == null)
			{
				// TODO should we support HostProtectionAttribute? (which has a no-arg constructor)
				// TODO issue message?
				action = 0;
				permSet = null;
				return false;
			}
			SecurityAttribute attr = null;
			object[] arr = (object[])annotation;
			for (int i = 2; i < arr.Length; i += 2)
			{
				string name = (string)arr[i];
				if (name == "value")
				{
					attr = (SecurityAttribute)ci.Invoke(new object[] { ConvertValue(null, typeof(SecurityAction), arr[i + 1]) });
				}
			}
			if (attr == null)
			{
				// TODO issue message?
				action = 0;
				permSet = null;
				return false;
			}
			for (int i = 2; i < arr.Length; i += 2)
			{
				string name = (string)arr[i];
				if (name != "value")
				{
					PropertyInfo pi = type.GetProperty(name);
					pi.SetValue(attr, ConvertValue(null, pi.PropertyType, arr[i + 1]), null);
				}
			}
			action = attr.Action;
			permSet = new PermissionSet(PermissionState.None);
			permSet.AddPermission(attr.CreatePermission());
			return true;
		}
#endif // !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR

		internal static bool HasRetentionPolicyRuntime(object[] annotations)
		{
			if(annotations != null)
			{
				foreach(object[] def in annotations)
				{
					if(def[1].Equals("Ljava/lang/annotation/Retention;"))
					{
						for(int i = 2; i < def.Length; i += 2)
						{
							if(def[i].Equals("value"))
							{
								object[] val = def[i + 1] as object[];
								if(val != null
									&& val.Length == 3
									&& val[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ENUM)
									&& val[1].Equals("Ljava/lang/annotation/RetentionPolicy;")
									&& val[2].Equals("RUNTIME"))
								{
									return true;
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

		protected static object QualifyClassNames(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, object annotation)
		{
			bool copy = false;
			object[] def = (object[])annotation;
			for(int i = 3; i < def.Length; i += 2)
			{
				object[] val = def[i] as object[];
				if(val != null)
				{
					object[] newval = ValueQualifyClassNames(loader, val);
					if(newval != val)
					{
						if(!copy)
						{
							copy = true;
							object[] newdef = new object[def.Length];
							Array.Copy(def, newdef, def.Length);
							def = newdef;
						}
						def[i] = newval;
					}
				}
			}
			return def;
		}

		private static object[] ValueQualifyClassNames(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, object[] val)
		{
			if(val[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ANNOTATION))
			{
				return (object[])QualifyClassNames(loader, val);
			}
			else if(val[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_CLASS))
			{
				string sig = (string)val[1];
				if(sig.StartsWith("L"))
				{
					TypeWrapper tw = loader.LoadClassByDottedNameFast(sig.Substring(1, sig.Length - 2).Replace('/', '.'));
					if(tw != null)
					{
						return new object[] { AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_CLASS, "L" + tw.TypeAsBaseType.AssemblyQualifiedName.Replace('.', '/') + ";" };
					}
				}
				return val;
			}
			else if(val[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ENUM))
			{
				string sig = (string)val[1];
				TypeWrapper tw = loader.LoadClassByDottedNameFast(sig.Substring(1, sig.Length - 2).Replace('/', '.'));
				if(tw != null)
				{
					return new object[] { AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ENUM, "L" + tw.TypeAsBaseType.AssemblyQualifiedName.Replace('.', '/') + ";", val[2] };
				}
				return val;
			}
			else if(val[0].Equals(AnnotationDefaultAttribute.TAG_ARRAY))
			{
				bool copy = false;
				for(int i = 1; i < val.Length; i++)
				{
					object[] nval = val[i] as object[];
					if(nval != null)
					{
						object newnval = ValueQualifyClassNames(loader, nval);
						if(newnval != nval)
						{
							if(!copy)
							{
								copy = true;
								object[] newval = new object[val.Length];
								Array.Copy(val, newval, val.Length);
								val = newval;
							}
							val[i] = newnval;
						}
					}
				}
				return val;
			}
			else
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}

#if !NOEMIT
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, TypeBuilder tb, object annotation);
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, MethodBuilder mb, object annotation);
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, ConstructorBuilder cb, object annotation);
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, FieldBuilder fb, object annotation);
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, ParameterBuilder pb, object annotation);
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, AssemblyBuilder ab, object annotation);
		internal abstract void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, PropertyBuilder pb, object annotation);

		internal virtual void ApplyReturnValue(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, MethodBuilder mb, ref ParameterBuilder pb, object annotation)
		{
		}
#endif
	}

	[Flags]
	enum TypeFlags : ushort
	{
		HasIncompleteInterfaceImplementation = 1,
		InternalAccess = 2,
		HasStaticInitializer = 4,
		VerifyError = 8,
		ClassFormatError = 16,
		HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods = 32,
	}

	internal abstract class TypeWrapper
	{
		private readonly string name;		// java name (e.g. java.lang.Object)
		private readonly Modifiers modifiers;
		private TypeFlags flags;
		private MethodWrapper[] methods;
		private FieldWrapper[] fields;
		private readonly TypeWrapper baseWrapper;
#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		private java.lang.Class classObject;
#endif
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper[] EmptyArray = new TypeWrapper[0];
		internal const Modifiers UnloadableModifiersHack = Modifiers.Final | Modifiers.Interface | Modifiers.Private;
		internal const Modifiers VerifierTypeModifiersHack = Modifiers.Final | Modifiers.Interface;

		internal TypeWrapper(Modifiers modifiers, string name, TypeWrapper baseWrapper)
		{
			Profiler.Count("TypeWrapper");
			// class name should be dotted or null for primitives
			Debug.Assert(name == null || name.IndexOf('/') < 0);

			this.modifiers = modifiers;
			this.name = name == null ? null : String.Intern(name);
			this.baseWrapper = baseWrapper;
		}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
		internal void EmitClassLiteral(CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			Debug.Assert(!this.IsPrimitive);

			Type type = GetClassLiteralType();

			// note that this has to be the same check as in LazyInitClass
			if (!this.IsFastClassLiteralSafe || IsForbiddenTypeParameterType(type))
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, type);
				Compiler.getClassFromTypeHandle.EmitCall(ilgen);
			}
			else
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldsfld, RuntimeHelperTypes.GetClassLiteralField(type));
			}
		}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR

		private Type GetClassLiteralType()
		{
			Debug.Assert(!this.IsPrimitive);

			TypeWrapper tw = this;
			if (tw.IsGhostArray)
			{
				int rank = tw.ArrayRank;
				while (tw.IsArray)
				{
					tw = tw.ElementTypeWrapper;
				}
				return ArrayTypeWrapper.MakeArrayType(tw.TypeAsTBD, rank);
			}
			else
			{
				return tw.IsRemapped ? tw.TypeAsBaseType : tw.TypeAsTBD;
			}
		}

		private static bool IsForbiddenTypeParameterType(Type type)
		{
			// these are the types that may not be used as a type argument when instantiating a generic type
			return type == Types.Void
				|| type == JVM.Import(typeof(ArgIterator))
				|| type == JVM.Import(typeof(RuntimeArgumentHandle))
				|| type == JVM.Import(typeof(TypedReference))
				|| type.ContainsGenericParameters
				|| type.IsByRef;
		}

		internal virtual bool IsFastClassLiteralSafe
		{
			get { return false; }
		}

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal void SetClassObject(java.lang.Class classObject)
		{
			this.classObject = classObject;
		}

		internal java.lang.Class ClassObject
		{
			get
			{
				Debug.Assert(!IsUnloadable && !IsVerifierType);
				if (classObject == null)
				{
					LazyInitClass();
				}
				return classObject;
			}
		}

#if !FIRST_PASS
		private java.lang.Class GetPrimitiveClass()
		{
			if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE)
			{
				return java.lang.Byte.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR)
			{
				return java.lang.Character.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE)
			{
				return java.lang.Double.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.FLOAT)
			{
				return java.lang.Float.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT)
			{
				return java.lang.Integer.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG)
			{
				return java.lang.Long.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT)
			{
				return java.lang.Short.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN)
			{
				return java.lang.Boolean.TYPE;
			}
			else if (this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID)
			{
				return java.lang.Void.TYPE;
			}
			else
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}
#endif

		private void LazyInitClass()
		{
			lock (this)
			{
				if (classObject == null)
				{
#if !NOEMIT
					// DynamicTypeWrapper should haved already had SetClassObject explicitly
					Debug.Assert(!(this is DynamicTypeWrapper));
#endif
#if !FIRST_PASS
					java.lang.Class clazz;
					// note that this has to be the same check as in EmitClassLiteral
					if (!this.IsFastClassLiteralSafe)
					{
						if (this.IsPrimitive)
						{
							clazz = GetPrimitiveClass();
						}
						else
						{
							clazz = new java.lang.Class(null);
						}
					}
					else
					{
						Type type = GetClassLiteralType();
						if (IsForbiddenTypeParameterType(type))
						{
							clazz = new java.lang.Class(type);
						}
						else
						{
							clazz = (java.lang.Class)typeof(ikvm.@internal.ClassLiteral<>).MakeGenericType(type).GetField("Value").GetValue(null);
						}
					}
#if __MonoCS__
					SetTypeWrapperHack(clazz, this);
#else
					clazz.typeWrapper = this;
#endif
					// MONOBUG Interlocked.Exchange is broken on Mono, so we use CompareExchange
					System.Threading.Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref classObject, clazz, null);
#endif
				}
			}
		}

#if __MonoCS__
		// MONOBUG this method is to work around an mcs bug
		internal static void SetTypeWrapperHack(object clazz, TypeWrapper type)
		{
#if !FIRST_PASS
			typeof(java.lang.Class).GetField("typeWrapper", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance).SetValue(clazz, type);
#endif
		}
#endif

#if !FIRST_PASS
		private static void ResolvePrimitiveTypeWrapperClasses()
		{
			// note that we're evaluating all ClassObject properties for the side effect
			// (to initialize and associate the ClassObject with the TypeWrapper)
			if (PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.FLOAT.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN.ClassObject == null
				|| PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID.ClassObject == null)
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}
#endif

		internal static TypeWrapper FromClass(java.lang.Class clazz)
		{
#if FIRST_PASS
			return null;
#else
			// MONOBUG redundant cast to workaround mcs bug
			TypeWrapper tw = (TypeWrapper)(object)clazz.typeWrapper;
			if(tw == null)
			{
				Type type = clazz.type;
				if (type == null)
				{
					ResolvePrimitiveTypeWrapperClasses();
					return FromClass(clazz);
				}
				if (type == typeof(void) || type.IsPrimitive || ClassLoaderWrapper.IsRemappedType(type))
				{
					tw = DotNetTypeWrapper.GetWrapperFromDotNetType(type);
				}
				else
				{
					tw = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(type);
				}
#if __MonoCS__
				SetTypeWrapperHack(clazz, tw);
#else
				clazz.typeWrapper = tw;
#endif
			}
			return tw;
#endif
		}
#endif // !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR

		public override string ToString()
		{
			return GetType().Name + "[" + name + "]";
		}

		// For UnloadableTypeWrapper it tries to load the type through the specified loader
		// and if that fails it throw a NoClassDefFoundError (not a java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError),
		// for all other types this is a no-op.
		internal virtual TypeWrapper EnsureLoadable(ClassLoaderWrapper loader)
		{
			return this;
		}

		internal bool HasIncompleteInterfaceImplementation
		{
			get
			{
				return (flags & TypeFlags.HasIncompleteInterfaceImplementation) != 0 || (baseWrapper != null && baseWrapper.HasIncompleteInterfaceImplementation);
			}
			set
			{
				// TODO do we need locking here?
				if(value)
				{
					flags |= TypeFlags.HasIncompleteInterfaceImplementation;
				}
				else
				{
					flags &= ~TypeFlags.HasIncompleteInterfaceImplementation;
				}
			}
		}

		internal bool HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods
		{
			get
			{
				foreach(TypeWrapper iface in this.Interfaces)
				{
					if(iface.HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods)
					{
						return true;
					}
				}
				return (flags & TypeFlags.HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods) != 0 || (baseWrapper != null && baseWrapper.HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods);
			}
			set
			{
				// TODO do we need locking here?
				if(value)
				{
					flags |= TypeFlags.HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods;
				}
				else
				{
					flags &= ~TypeFlags.HasUnsupportedAbstractMethods;
				}
			}
		}

		internal virtual bool HasStaticInitializer
		{
			get
			{
				return (flags & TypeFlags.HasStaticInitializer) != 0;
			}
			set
			{
				// TODO do we need locking here?
				if(value)
				{
					flags |= TypeFlags.HasStaticInitializer;
				}
				else
				{
					flags &= ~TypeFlags.HasStaticInitializer;
				}
			}
		}

		internal bool HasVerifyError
		{
			get
			{
				return (flags & TypeFlags.VerifyError) != 0;
			}
			set
			{
				// TODO do we need locking here?
				if(value)
				{
					flags |= TypeFlags.VerifyError;
				}
				else
				{
					flags &= ~TypeFlags.VerifyError;
				}
			}
		}

		internal bool HasClassFormatError
		{
			get
			{
				return (flags & TypeFlags.ClassFormatError) != 0;
			}
			set
			{
				// TODO do we need locking here?
				if(value)
				{
					flags |= TypeFlags.ClassFormatError;
				}
				else
				{
					flags &= ~TypeFlags.ClassFormatError;
				}
			}
		}

		internal virtual bool IsFakeTypeContainer
		{
			get
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		internal virtual bool IsFakeNestedType
		{
			get
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		// a ghost is an interface that appears to be implemented by a .NET type
		// (e.g. System.String (aka java.lang.String) appears to implement java.lang.CharSequence,
		// so java.lang.CharSequence is a ghost)
		internal virtual bool IsGhost
		{
			get
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		// is this an array type of which the ultimate element type is a ghost?
		internal bool IsGhostArray
		{
			get
			{
				return !IsUnloadable && IsArray && (ElementTypeWrapper.IsGhost || ElementTypeWrapper.IsGhostArray);
			}
		}

		internal virtual FieldInfo GhostRefField
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}

		internal virtual bool IsRemapped
		{
			get
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsArray
		{
			get
			{
				return name != null && name[0] == '[';
			}
		}

		// NOTE for non-array types this returns 0
		internal int ArrayRank
		{
			get
			{
				int i = 0;
				if(name != null)
				{
					while(name[i] == '[')
					{
						i++;
					}
				}
				return i;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsNonPrimitiveValueType
		{
			get
			{
				return this != VerifierTypeWrapper.Null && !IsPrimitive && !IsGhost && TypeAsTBD.IsValueType;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsPrimitive
		{
			get
			{
				return name == null;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsWidePrimitive
		{
			get
			{
				return this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG || this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsIntOnStackPrimitive
		{
			get
			{
				return name == null &&
					(this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN ||
					this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE ||
					this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR ||
					this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT ||
					this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT);
			}
		}

		private static bool IsJavaPrimitive(Type type)
		{
			return type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.FLOAT.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT.TypeAsTBD
				|| type == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID.TypeAsTBD;
		}

		internal bool IsBoxedPrimitive
		{
			get
			{
				return !IsPrimitive && IsJavaPrimitive(TypeAsSignatureType);
			}
		}

		internal bool IsErasedOrBoxedPrimitiveOrRemapped
		{
			get
			{
				bool erased = IsUnloadable || IsGhostArray;
				return erased || IsBoxedPrimitive || (IsRemapped && this is DotNetTypeWrapper);
			}
		}

		internal bool IsUnloadable
		{
			get
			{
				// NOTE we abuse modifiers to note unloadable classes
				return modifiers == UnloadableModifiersHack;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsVerifierType
		{
			get
			{
				// NOTE we abuse modifiers to note verifier types
				return modifiers == VerifierTypeModifiersHack;
			}
		}

		internal virtual bool IsMapUnsafeException
		{
			get
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		internal Modifiers Modifiers
		{
			get
			{
				return modifiers;
			}
		}

		// since for inner classes, the modifiers returned by Class.getModifiers are different from the actual
		// modifiers (as used by the VM access control mechanism), we have this additional property
		internal virtual Modifiers ReflectiveModifiers
		{
			get
			{
				return modifiers;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsInternal
		{
			get
			{
				return (flags & TypeFlags.InternalAccess) != 0;
			}
			set
			{
				// TODO do we need locking here?
				if(value)
				{
					flags |= TypeFlags.InternalAccess;
				}
				else
				{
					flags &= ~TypeFlags.InternalAccess;
				}
			}
		}

		internal bool IsPublic
		{
			get
			{
				return (modifiers & Modifiers.Public) != 0;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsAbstract
		{
			get
			{
				// interfaces don't need to marked abstract explicitly (and javac 1.1 didn't do it)
				return (modifiers & (Modifiers.Abstract | Modifiers.Interface)) != 0;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsFinal
		{
			get
			{
				return (modifiers & Modifiers.Final) != 0;
			}
		}

		internal bool IsInterface
		{
			get
			{
				Debug.Assert(!IsUnloadable && !IsVerifierType);
				return (modifiers & Modifiers.Interface) != 0;
			}
		}

		// this exists because interfaces and arrays of interfaces are treated specially
		// by the verifier, interfaces don't have a common base (other than java.lang.Object)
		// so any object reference or object array reference can be used where an interface
		// or interface array reference is expected (the compiler will insert the required casts).
		internal bool IsInterfaceOrInterfaceArray
		{
			get
			{
				TypeWrapper tw = this;
				while(tw.IsArray)
				{
					tw = tw.ElementTypeWrapper;
				}
				return tw.IsInterface;
			}
		}

		internal abstract ClassLoaderWrapper GetClassLoader();

		internal FieldWrapper GetFieldWrapper(string fieldName, string fieldSig)
		{
			foreach(FieldWrapper fw in GetFields())
			{
				if(fw.Name == fieldName && fw.Signature == fieldSig)
				{
					return fw;
				}	
			}
			foreach(TypeWrapper iface in this.Interfaces)
			{
				FieldWrapper fw = iface.GetFieldWrapper(fieldName, fieldSig);
				if(fw != null)
				{
					return fw;
				}
			}
			if(baseWrapper != null)
			{
				return baseWrapper.GetFieldWrapper(fieldName, fieldSig);
			}
			return null;
		}

		protected virtual void LazyPublishMembers()
		{
			if(methods == null)
			{
				methods = MethodWrapper.EmptyArray;
			}
			if(fields == null)
			{
				fields = FieldWrapper.EmptyArray;
			}
		}

		protected virtual void LazyPublishMethods()
		{
			LazyPublishMembers();
		}

		protected virtual void LazyPublishFields()
		{
			LazyPublishMembers();
		}

		internal MethodWrapper[] GetMethods()
		{
			if(methods == null)
			{
				lock(this)
				{
					if(methods == null)
					{
						LazyPublishMethods();
					}
				}
			}
			return methods;
		}

		internal FieldWrapper[] GetFields()
		{
			if(fields == null)
			{
				lock(this)
				{
					if(fields == null)
					{
						LazyPublishFields();
					}
				}
			}
			return fields;
		}

		internal MethodWrapper GetMethodWrapper(string name, string sig, bool inherit)
		{
			// We need to get the methods before calling String.IsInterned, because getting them might cause the strings to be interned
			MethodWrapper[] methods = GetMethods();
			// MemberWrapper interns the name and sig so we can use ref equality
			// profiling has shown this to be more efficient
			string _name = String.IsInterned(name);
			string _sig = String.IsInterned(sig);
			foreach(MethodWrapper mw in methods)
			{
				// NOTE we can use ref equality, because names and signatures are
				// always interned by MemberWrapper
				if(ReferenceEquals(mw.Name, _name) && ReferenceEquals(mw.Signature, _sig))
				{
					return mw;
				}
			}
			if(inherit && baseWrapper != null)
			{
				return baseWrapper.GetMethodWrapper(name, sig, inherit);
			}
			return null;
		}

		internal void SetMethods(MethodWrapper[] methods)
		{
			Debug.Assert(methods != null);
			this.methods = methods;
		}

		internal void SetFields(FieldWrapper[] fields)
		{
			Debug.Assert(fields != null);
			this.fields = fields;
		}

		internal string Name
		{
			get
			{
				return name;
			}
		}

		// the name of the type as it appears in a Java signature string (e.g. "Ljava.lang.Object;" or "I")
		internal virtual string SigName
		{
			get
			{
				return "L" + this.Name + ";";
			}
		}

		// returns true iff wrapper is allowed to access us
		internal bool IsAccessibleFrom(TypeWrapper wrapper)
		{
			return IsPublic
				|| (IsInternal && InternalsVisibleTo(wrapper))
				|| IsPackageAccessibleFrom(wrapper);
		}

		internal bool InternalsVisibleTo(TypeWrapper wrapper)
		{
			return GetClassLoader().InternalsVisibleToImpl(this, wrapper);
		}

		internal bool IsPackageAccessibleFrom(TypeWrapper wrapper)
		{
			if (MatchingPackageNames(name, wrapper.name))
			{
#if STATIC_COMPILER
				CompilerClassLoader ccl = GetClassLoader() as CompilerClassLoader;
				if (ccl != null)
				{
					// this is a hack for multi target -sharedclassloader compilation
					// (during compilation we have multiple CompilerClassLoader instances to represent the single shared runtime class loader)
					return ccl.IsEquivalentTo(wrapper.GetClassLoader());
				}
#endif
				return GetClassLoader() == wrapper.GetClassLoader();
			}
			else
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		private static bool MatchingPackageNames(string name1, string name2)
		{
			int index1 = name1.LastIndexOf('.');
			int index2 = name2.LastIndexOf('.');
			if (index1 == -1 && index2 == -1)
			{
				return true;
			}
			// for array types we need to skip the brackets
			int skip1 = 0;
			int skip2 = 0;
			while (name1[skip1] == '[')
			{
				skip1++;
			}
			while (name2[skip2] == '[')
			{
				skip2++;
			}
			if (skip1 > 0)
			{
				// skip over the L that follows the brackets
				skip1++;
			}
			if (skip2 > 0)
			{
				// skip over the L that follows the brackets
				skip2++;
			}
			if ((index1 - skip1) != (index2 - skip2))
			{
				return false;
			}
			return String.CompareOrdinal(name1, skip1, name2, skip2, index1 - skip1) == 0;
		}

		internal abstract Type TypeAsTBD
		{
			get;
		}

#if !NOEMIT
		internal virtual TypeBuilder TypeAsBuilder
		{
			get
			{
				TypeBuilder typeBuilder = TypeAsTBD as TypeBuilder;
				Debug.Assert(typeBuilder != null);
				return typeBuilder;
			}
		}
#endif

		internal Type TypeAsSignatureType
		{
			get
			{
				if(IsUnloadable)
				{
					return Types.Object;
				}
				if(IsGhostArray)
				{
					return ArrayTypeWrapper.MakeArrayType(Types.Object, ArrayRank);
				}
				return TypeAsTBD;
			}
		}

		internal virtual Type TypeAsBaseType
		{
			get
			{
				return TypeAsTBD;
			}
		}

		internal Type TypeAsLocalOrStackType
		{
			get
			{
				if(IsUnloadable || IsGhost)
				{
					return Types.Object;
				}
				if(IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
				{
					// return either System.ValueType or System.Enum
					return TypeAsTBD.BaseType;
				}
				if(IsGhostArray)
				{
					return ArrayTypeWrapper.MakeArrayType(Types.Object, ArrayRank);
				}
				return TypeAsTBD;
			}
		}

		/** <summary>Use this if the type is used as an array or array element</summary> */
		internal Type TypeAsArrayType
		{
			get
			{
				if(IsUnloadable || IsGhost)
				{
					return Types.Object;
				}
				if(IsGhostArray)
				{
					return ArrayTypeWrapper.MakeArrayType(Types.Object, ArrayRank);
				}
				return TypeAsTBD;
			}
		}

		internal Type TypeAsExceptionType
		{
			get
			{
				if(IsUnloadable)
				{
					return Types.Exception;
				}
				return TypeAsTBD;
			}
		}

		internal TypeWrapper BaseTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				return baseWrapper;
			}
		}

		internal TypeWrapper ElementTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				Debug.Assert(!this.IsUnloadable);
				Debug.Assert(this == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null || this.IsArray);

				if(this == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
				{
					return VerifierTypeWrapper.Null;
				}

				// TODO consider caching the element type
				switch(name[1])
				{
					case '[':
						// NOTE this call to LoadClassByDottedNameFast can never fail and will not trigger a class load
						// (because the ultimate element type was already loaded when this type was created)
						return GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedNameFast(name.Substring(1));
					case 'L':
						// NOTE this call to LoadClassByDottedNameFast can never fail and will not trigger a class load
						// (because the ultimate element type was already loaded when this type was created)
						return GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedNameFast(name.Substring(2, name.Length - 3));
					case 'Z':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN;
					case 'B':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE;
					case 'S':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT;
					case 'C':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR;
					case 'I':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT;
					case 'J':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG;
					case 'F':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.FLOAT;
					case 'D':
						return PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE;
					default:
						throw new InvalidOperationException(name);
				}
			}
		}

		internal TypeWrapper MakeArrayType(int rank)
		{
			Debug.Assert(rank != 0);
			// NOTE this call to LoadClassByDottedNameFast can never fail and will not trigger a class load
			return GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedNameFast(new String('[', rank) + this.SigName);
		}

		internal bool ImplementsInterface(TypeWrapper interfaceWrapper)
		{
			TypeWrapper typeWrapper = this;
			while(typeWrapper != null)
			{
				TypeWrapper[] interfaces = typeWrapper.Interfaces;
				for(int i = 0; i < interfaces.Length; i++)
				{
					if(interfaces[i] == interfaceWrapper)
					{
						return true;
					}
					if(interfaces[i].ImplementsInterface(interfaceWrapper))
					{
						return true;
					}
				}
				typeWrapper = typeWrapper.BaseTypeWrapper;
			}
			return false;
		}

		internal bool IsSubTypeOf(TypeWrapper baseType)
		{
			// make sure IsSubTypeOf isn't used on primitives
			Debug.Assert(!this.IsPrimitive);
			Debug.Assert(!baseType.IsPrimitive);
			// can't be used on Unloadable
			Debug.Assert(!this.IsUnloadable);
			Debug.Assert(!baseType.IsUnloadable);

			if(baseType.IsInterface)
			{
				if(baseType == this)
				{
					return true;
				}
				return ImplementsInterface(baseType);
			}
			// NOTE this isn't just an optimization, it is also required when this is an interface
			if(baseType == CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper)
			{
				return true;
			}
			TypeWrapper subType = this;
			while(subType != baseType)
			{
				subType = subType.BaseTypeWrapper;
				if(subType == null)
				{
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		}

		internal bool IsAssignableTo(TypeWrapper wrapper)
		{
			if(this == wrapper)
			{
				return true;
			}
			if(this.IsPrimitive || wrapper.IsPrimitive)
			{
				return false;
			}
			if(this == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
			{
				return true;
			}
			if(wrapper.IsInterface)
			{
				return ImplementsInterface(wrapper);
			}
			int rank1 = this.ArrayRank;
			int rank2 = wrapper.ArrayRank;
			if(rank1 > 0 && rank2 > 0)
			{
				rank1--;
				rank2--;
				TypeWrapper elem1 = this.ElementTypeWrapper;
				TypeWrapper elem2 = wrapper.ElementTypeWrapper;
				while(rank1 != 0 && rank2 != 0)
				{
					elem1 = elem1.ElementTypeWrapper;
					elem2 = elem2.ElementTypeWrapper;
					rank1--;
					rank2--;
				}
				return (!elem1.IsNonPrimitiveValueType && elem1.IsSubTypeOf(elem2)) || (rank1 == rank2 && elem2.IsGhost && elem1 == CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper);
			}
			return this.IsSubTypeOf(wrapper);
		}

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal bool IsInstance(object obj)
		{
			if(obj != null)
			{
				TypeWrapper thisWrapper = this;
				TypeWrapper objWrapper = IKVM.NativeCode.ikvm.runtime.Util.GetTypeWrapperFromObject(obj);
				return objWrapper.IsAssignableTo(thisWrapper);
			}
			return false;
		}
#endif

		internal abstract TypeWrapper[] Interfaces
		{
			get;
		}

		// NOTE this property can only be called for finished types!
		internal abstract TypeWrapper[] InnerClasses
		{
			get;
		}

		// NOTE this property can only be called for finished types!
		internal abstract TypeWrapper DeclaringTypeWrapper
		{
			get;
		}

		internal abstract void Finish();

#if !STATIC_COMPILER
		[Conditional("DEBUG")]
		internal static void AssertFinished(Type type)
		{
			if(type != null)
			{
				while(type.HasElementType)
				{
					type = type.GetElementType();
				}
#if !NOEMIT
				Debug.Assert(!(type is TypeBuilder));
#endif
			}
		}
#endif

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal void RunClassInit()
		{
			Type t = IsRemapped ? TypeAsBaseType : TypeAsTBD;
			if(t != null)
			{
				System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.RunClassConstructor(t.TypeHandle);
			}
		}
#endif

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
		internal void EmitUnbox(CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			Debug.Assert(this.IsNonPrimitiveValueType);

			ilgen.EmitUnboxSpecial(this.TypeAsTBD);
		}

		internal void EmitBox(CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			Debug.Assert(this.IsNonPrimitiveValueType);

			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Box, this.TypeAsTBD);
		}

		internal void EmitConvSignatureTypeToStackType(CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			if(IsUnloadable)
			{
			}
			else if(this == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE)
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I1);
			}
			else if(IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
			{
				EmitBox(ilgen);
			}
			else if(IsGhost)
			{
				CodeEmitterLocal local = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TypeAsSignatureType);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloca, local);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, GhostRefField);
			}
		}

		// NOTE sourceType is optional and only used for interfaces,
		// it is *not* used to automatically downcast
		internal void EmitConvStackTypeToSignatureType(CodeEmitter ilgen, TypeWrapper sourceType)
		{
			if(!IsUnloadable)
			{
				if(IsGhost)
				{
					CodeEmitterLocal local1 = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local1);
					CodeEmitterLocal local2 = ilgen.DeclareLocal(TypeAsSignatureType);
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloca, local2);
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, local1);
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, GhostRefField);
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloca, local2);
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldobj, TypeAsSignatureType);
				}
					// because of the way interface merging works, any reference is valid
					// for any interface reference
				else if(IsInterfaceOrInterfaceArray && (sourceType == null || sourceType.IsUnloadable || !sourceType.IsAssignableTo(this)))
				{
					ilgen.EmitAssertType(TypeAsTBD);
					Profiler.Count("InterfaceDownCast");
				}
				else if(IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
				{
					EmitUnbox(ilgen);
				}
				else if(sourceType != null && sourceType.IsUnloadable)
				{
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, TypeAsSignatureType);
				}
			}
		}

		internal virtual void EmitCheckcast(TypeWrapper context, CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			if(IsGhost)
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
				// TODO make sure we get the right "Cast" method and cache it
				// NOTE for dynamic ghosts we don't end up here because AotTypeWrapper overrides this method,
				// so we're safe to call GetMethod on TypeAsTBD (because it has to be a compiled type, if we're here)
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, TypeAsTBD.GetMethod("Cast"));
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
			}
			else if(IsGhostArray)
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
				// TODO make sure we get the right "CastArray" method and cache it
				// NOTE for dynamic ghosts we don't end up here because AotTypeWrapper overrides this method,
				// so we're safe to call GetMethod on TypeAsTBD (because it has to be a compiled type, if we're here)
				TypeWrapper tw = this;
				int rank = 0;
				while(tw.IsArray)
				{
					rank++;
					tw = tw.ElementTypeWrapper;
				}
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, rank);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, tw.TypeAsTBD.GetMethod("CastArray"));
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, ArrayTypeWrapper.MakeArrayType(Types.Object, rank));
			}
			else
			{
				ilgen.EmitCastclass(TypeAsTBD);
			}
		}

		internal virtual void EmitInstanceOf(TypeWrapper context, CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			if(IsGhost)
			{
				// TODO make sure we get the right "IsInstance" method and cache it
				// NOTE for dynamic ghosts we don't end up here because DynamicTypeWrapper overrides this method,
				// so we're safe to call GetMethod on TypeAsTBD (because it has to be a compiled type, if we're here)
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, TypeAsTBD.GetMethod("IsInstance"));
			}
			else if(IsGhostArray)
			{
				// TODO make sure we get the right "IsInstanceArray" method and cache it
				// NOTE for dynamic ghosts we don't end up here because DynamicTypeWrapper overrides this method,
				// so we're safe to call GetMethod on TypeAsTBD (because it has to be a compiled type, if we're here)
				TypeWrapper tw = this;
				int rank = 0;
				while(tw.IsArray)
				{
					rank++;
					tw = tw.ElementTypeWrapper;
				}
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, rank);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, tw.TypeAsTBD.GetMethod("IsInstanceArray"));
			}
			else
			{
				ilgen.Emit_instanceof(TypeAsTBD);
			}
		}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR

		// NOTE don't call this method, call MethodWrapper.Link instead
		internal virtual MethodBase LinkMethod(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			return mw.GetMethod();
		}

		// NOTE don't call this method, call FieldWrapper.Link instead
		internal virtual FieldInfo LinkField(FieldWrapper fw)
		{
			return fw.GetField();
		}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
		internal virtual void EmitRunClassConstructor(CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
		}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR

		internal virtual string GetGenericSignature()
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual string GetGenericMethodSignature(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual string GetGenericFieldSignature(FieldWrapper fw)
		{
			return null;
		}

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal virtual string[] GetEnclosingMethod()
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual object[] GetDeclaredAnnotations()
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual object[] GetMethodAnnotations(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual object[][] GetParameterAnnotations(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual object[] GetFieldAnnotations(FieldWrapper fw)
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual string GetSourceFileName()
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal virtual int GetSourceLineNumber(MethodBase mb, int ilOffset)
		{
			return -1;
		}

		internal virtual object GetAnnotationDefault(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			MethodBase mb = mw.GetMethod();
			if(mb != null)
			{
				object[] attr = mb.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AnnotationDefaultAttribute), false);
				if(attr.Length == 1)
				{
					return JVM.NewAnnotationElementValue(mw.DeclaringType.GetClassLoader().GetJavaClassLoader(), mw.ReturnType.ClassObject, ((AnnotationDefaultAttribute)attr[0]).Value);
				}
			}
			return null;
		}
#endif // !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR

		internal virtual Annotation Annotation
		{
			get
			{
				return null;
			}
		}

		internal virtual Type EnumType
		{
			get
			{
				return null;
			}
		}

		protected static TypeWrapper[] GetImplementedInterfacesAsTypeWrappers(Type type)
		{
			Type[] interfaceTypes = type.GetInterfaces();
			TypeWrapper[] interfaces = new TypeWrapper[interfaceTypes.Length];
			for (int i = 0; i < interfaceTypes.Length; i++)
			{
				Type decl = interfaceTypes[i].DeclaringType;
				if (decl != null && AttributeHelper.IsGhostInterface(decl))
				{
					// we have to return the declaring type for ghost interfaces
					interfaces[i] = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(decl);
				}
				else
				{
					interfaces[i] = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(interfaceTypes[i]);
				}
			}
			return interfaces;
		}

		internal TypeWrapper GetPublicBaseTypeWrapper()
		{
			if (this.IsUnloadable || this.IsInterface)
			{
				return CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper;
			}
			for (TypeWrapper tw = this; ; tw = tw.BaseTypeWrapper)
			{
				if (tw.IsPublic)
				{
					return tw;
				}
			}
		}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
		// return the constructor used for automagic .NET serialization
		internal virtual ConstructorInfo GetSerializationConstructor()
		{
			Debug.Assert(!(this is DynamicTypeWrapper));
			return this.TypeAsBaseType.GetConstructor(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new Type[] {
						JVM.Import(typeof(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo)), JVM.Import(typeof(System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext)) }, null);
		}

		internal virtual ConstructorInfo GetBaseSerializationConstructor()
		{
			return baseWrapper.GetSerializationConstructor();
		}
#endif
	}

	sealed class UnloadableTypeWrapper : TypeWrapper
	{
		internal UnloadableTypeWrapper(string name)
			: base(TypeWrapper.UnloadableModifiersHack, name, null)
		{
		}

		internal override ClassLoaderWrapper GetClassLoader()
		{
			return null;
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper EnsureLoadable(ClassLoaderWrapper loader)
		{
			TypeWrapper tw = loader.LoadClassByDottedNameFast(this.Name);
			if(tw == null)
			{
				throw new NoClassDefFoundError(this.Name);
			}
			return tw;
		}

		internal override string SigName
		{
			get
			{
				string name = Name;
				if(name.StartsWith("["))
				{
					return name;
				}
				return "L" + name + ";";
			}
		}

		protected override void LazyPublishMembers()
		{
			throw new InvalidOperationException("LazyPublishMembers called on UnloadableTypeWrapper: " + Name);
		}

		internal override Type TypeAsTBD
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_Type called on UnloadableTypeWrapper: " + Name);
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] Interfaces
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_Interfaces called on UnloadableTypeWrapper: " + Name);
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] InnerClasses
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_InnerClasses called on UnloadableTypeWrapper: " + Name);
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper DeclaringTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_DeclaringTypeWrapper called on UnloadableTypeWrapper: " + Name);
			}
		}

		internal override void Finish()
		{
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Finish called on UnloadableTypeWrapper: " + Name);
		}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
		internal override void EmitCheckcast(TypeWrapper context, CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, context.TypeAsTBD);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, Name);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, ByteCodeHelperMethods.DynamicCast);
		}

		internal override void EmitInstanceOf(TypeWrapper context, CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, context.TypeAsTBD);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, Name);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, ByteCodeHelperMethods.DynamicInstanceOf);
		}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR
	}

	sealed class PrimitiveTypeWrapper : TypeWrapper
	{
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper BYTE = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Byte, "B");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper CHAR = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Char, "C");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper DOUBLE = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Double, "D");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper FLOAT = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Single, "F");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper INT = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Int32, "I");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper LONG = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Int64, "J");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper SHORT = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Int16, "S");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper BOOLEAN = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Boolean, "Z");
		internal static readonly PrimitiveTypeWrapper VOID = new PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Types.Void, "V");

		private readonly Type type;
		private readonly string sigName;

		private PrimitiveTypeWrapper(Type type, string sigName)
			: base(Modifiers.Public | Modifiers.Abstract | Modifiers.Final, null, null)
		{
			this.type = type;
			this.sigName = sigName;
		}

		internal static bool IsPrimitiveType(Type type)
		{
			return type == BYTE.type
				|| type == CHAR.type
				|| type == DOUBLE.type
				|| type == FLOAT.type
				|| type == INT.type
				|| type == LONG.type
				|| type == SHORT.type
				|| type == BOOLEAN.type
				|| type == VOID.type;
		}

		internal override string SigName
		{
			get
			{
				return sigName;
			}
		}

		internal override ClassLoaderWrapper GetClassLoader()
		{
			return ClassLoaderWrapper.GetBootstrapClassLoader();
		}

		internal override Type TypeAsTBD
		{
			get
			{
				return type;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] Interfaces
		{
			get
			{
				return TypeWrapper.EmptyArray;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] InnerClasses
		{
			get
			{
				return TypeWrapper.EmptyArray;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper DeclaringTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				return null;
			}
		}

		internal override void Finish()
		{
		}

		public override string ToString()
		{
			return "PrimitiveTypeWrapper[" + sigName + "]";
		}
	}

	class CompiledTypeWrapper : TypeWrapper
	{
		private readonly Type type;
		private TypeWrapper[] interfaces;
		private MethodInfo clinitMethod;
		private bool clinitMethodSet;
		private Modifiers reflectiveModifiers;

		internal static CompiledTypeWrapper newInstance(string name, Type type)
		{
			// TODO since ghost and remapped types can only exist in the core library assembly, we probably
			// should be able to remove the Type.IsDefined() tests in most cases
			if(type.IsValueType && AttributeHelper.IsGhostInterface(type))
			{
				return new CompiledGhostTypeWrapper(name, type);
			}
			else if(AttributeHelper.IsRemappedType(type))
			{
				return new CompiledRemappedTypeWrapper(name, type);
			}
			else
			{
				return new CompiledTypeWrapper(name, type);
			}
		}

		private sealed class CompiledRemappedTypeWrapper : CompiledTypeWrapper
		{
			private readonly Type remappedType;

			internal CompiledRemappedTypeWrapper(string name, Type type)
				: base(name, type)
			{
				RemappedTypeAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetRemappedType(type);
				if(attr == null)
				{
					throw new InvalidOperationException();
				}
				remappedType = attr.Type;
			}

			internal override Type TypeAsTBD
			{
				get
				{
					return remappedType;
				}
			}

			internal override bool IsRemapped
			{
				get
				{
					return true;
				}
			}

			protected override void LazyPublishMethods()
			{
				List<MethodWrapper> list = new List<MethodWrapper>();
				const BindingFlags bindingFlags = BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Instance;
				foreach(ConstructorInfo ctor in type.GetConstructors(bindingFlags))
				{
					AddMethod(list, ctor);
				}
				foreach(MethodInfo method in type.GetMethods(bindingFlags))
				{
					AddMethod(list, method);
				}
				// if we're a remapped interface, we need to get the methods from the real interface
				if(remappedType.IsInterface)
				{
					Type nestedHelper = type.GetNestedType("__Helper", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static);
					foreach(RemappedInterfaceMethodAttribute m in AttributeHelper.GetRemappedInterfaceMethods(type))
					{
						MethodInfo method = remappedType.GetMethod(m.MappedTo);
						MethodInfo mbHelper = method;
						ExModifiers modifiers = AttributeHelper.GetModifiers(method, false);
						string name;
						string sig;
						TypeWrapper retType;
						TypeWrapper[] paramTypes;
						MemberFlags flags = MemberFlags.None;
						GetNameSigFromMethodBase(method, out name, out sig, out retType, out paramTypes, ref flags);
						if(nestedHelper != null)
						{
							mbHelper = nestedHelper.GetMethod(m.Name);
							if(mbHelper == null)
							{
								mbHelper = method;
							}
						}
						list.Add(new CompiledRemappedMethodWrapper(this, m.Name, sig, method, retType, paramTypes, modifiers, false, mbHelper, null));
					}
				}
				SetMethods(list.ToArray());
			}

			private void AddMethod(List<MethodWrapper> list, MethodBase method)
			{
				if(!AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(method)
					&& (remappedType.IsSealed || !method.Name.StartsWith("instancehelper_"))
					&& (!remappedType.IsSealed || method.IsStatic))
				{
					list.Add(CreateRemappedMethodWrapper(method));
				}
			}

			protected override void LazyPublishFields()
			{
				List<FieldWrapper> list = new List<FieldWrapper>();
				FieldInfo[] fields = type.GetFields(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Instance);
				foreach(FieldInfo field in fields)
				{
					if(!AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(field))
					{
						list.Add(CreateFieldWrapper(field));
					}
				}
				SetFields(list.ToArray());
			}

			private MethodWrapper CreateRemappedMethodWrapper(MethodBase mb)
			{
				ExModifiers modifiers = AttributeHelper.GetModifiers(mb, false);
				string name;
				string sig;
				TypeWrapper retType;
				TypeWrapper[] paramTypes;
				MemberFlags flags = MemberFlags.None;
				GetNameSigFromMethodBase(mb, out name, out sig, out retType, out paramTypes, ref flags);
				MethodInfo mbHelper = mb as MethodInfo;
				bool hideFromReflection = mbHelper != null && AttributeHelper.IsHideFromReflection(mbHelper);
				MethodInfo mbNonvirtualHelper = null;
				if(!mb.IsStatic && !mb.IsConstructor)
				{
					ParameterInfo[] parameters = mb.GetParameters();
					Type[] argTypes = new Type[parameters.Length + 1];
					argTypes[0] = remappedType;
					for(int i = 0; i < parameters.Length; i++)
					{
						argTypes[i + 1] = parameters[i].ParameterType;
					}
					MethodInfo helper = type.GetMethod("instancehelper_" + mb.Name, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, null, argTypes, null);
					if(helper != null)
					{
						mbHelper = helper;
					}
					mbNonvirtualHelper = type.GetMethod("nonvirtualhelper/" + mb.Name, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static, null, argTypes, null);
				}
				return new CompiledRemappedMethodWrapper(this, name, sig, mb, retType, paramTypes, modifiers, hideFromReflection, mbHelper, mbNonvirtualHelper);
			}
		}

		private sealed class CompiledGhostTypeWrapper : CompiledTypeWrapper
		{
			private FieldInfo ghostRefField;
			private Type typeAsBaseType;

			internal CompiledGhostTypeWrapper(string name, Type type)
				: base(name, type)
			{
			}

			internal override Type TypeAsBaseType
			{
				get
				{
					if(typeAsBaseType == null)
					{
						typeAsBaseType = type.GetNestedType("__Interface");
					}
					return typeAsBaseType;
				}
			}

			internal override FieldInfo GhostRefField
			{
				get
				{
					if(ghostRefField == null)
					{
						ghostRefField = type.GetField("__<ref>");
					}
					return ghostRefField;
				}
			}

			internal override bool IsGhost
			{
				get
				{
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		internal static string GetName(Type type)
		{
			Debug.Assert(!type.HasElementType);
			Debug.Assert(!type.IsGenericType);
			Debug.Assert(AttributeHelper.IsJavaModule(type.Module));

			// look for our custom attribute, that contains the real name of the type (for inner classes)
			InnerClassAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetInnerClass(type);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				string name = attr.InnerClassName;
				if(name != null)
				{
					return name;
				}
				if(type.DeclaringType != null)
				{
					return GetName(type.DeclaringType) + "$" + type.Name;
				}
			}
			return type.FullName;
		}

		// TODO consider resolving the baseType lazily
		private static TypeWrapper GetBaseTypeWrapper(Type type)
		{
			if(type.IsInterface || AttributeHelper.IsGhostInterface(type))
			{
				return null;
			}
			else if(type.BaseType == null)
			{
				// System.Object must appear to be derived from java.lang.Object
				return CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper;
			}
			else
			{
				RemappedTypeAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetRemappedType(type);
				if(attr != null)
				{
					if(attr.Type == Types.Object)
					{
						return null;
					}
					else
					{
						return CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper;
					}
				}
				TypeWrapper tw = null;
				while(tw == null)
				{
					type = type.BaseType;
					tw = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(type);
				}
				return tw;
			}
		}

		private CompiledTypeWrapper(ExModifiers exmod, string name, TypeWrapper baseTypeWrapper)
			: base(exmod.Modifiers, name, baseTypeWrapper)
		{
			this.IsInternal = exmod.IsInternal;
		}

		private CompiledTypeWrapper(string name, Type type)
			: this(GetModifiers(type), name, GetBaseTypeWrapper(type))
		{
#if !NOEMIT
			Debug.Assert(!(type is TypeBuilder));
#endif
			Debug.Assert(!type.Name.EndsWith("[]"));

			this.type = type;
		}

		internal override ClassLoaderWrapper GetClassLoader()
		{
			return AssemblyClassLoader.FromAssembly(type.Assembly);
		}

		private static ExModifiers GetModifiers(Type type)
		{
			ModifiersAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetModifiersAttribute(type);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				return new ExModifiers(attr.Modifiers, attr.IsInternal);
			}
			// only returns public, protected, private, final, static, abstract and interface (as per
			// the documentation of Class.getModifiers())
			Modifiers modifiers = 0;
			if(type.IsPublic)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Public;
			}
				// TODO do we really need to look for nested attributes? I think all inner classes will have the ModifiersAttribute.
			else if(type.IsNestedPublic)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Public | Modifiers.Static;
			}
			else if(type.IsNestedPrivate)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Private | Modifiers.Static;
			}
			else if(type.IsNestedFamily || type.IsNestedFamORAssem)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Protected | Modifiers.Static;
			}
			else if(type.IsNestedAssembly || type.IsNestedFamANDAssem)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Static;
			}

			if(type.IsSealed)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Final;
			}
			if(type.IsAbstract)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Abstract;
			}
			if(type.IsInterface)
			{
				modifiers |= Modifiers.Interface;
			}
			return new ExModifiers(modifiers, false);
		}

		internal override bool HasStaticInitializer
		{
			get
			{
				if(!clinitMethodSet)
				{
					clinitMethod = type.GetMethod("__<clinit>", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
					clinitMethodSet = true;
				}
				return clinitMethod != null;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] Interfaces
		{
			get
			{
				if(interfaces == null)
				{
					interfaces = GetInterfaces();
				}
				return interfaces;
			}
		}

		private TypeWrapper[] GetInterfaces()
		{
			// NOTE instead of getting the interfaces list from Type, we use a custom
			// attribute to list the implemented interfaces, because Java reflection only
			// reports the interfaces *directly* implemented by the type, not the inherited
			// interfaces. This is significant for serialVersionUID calculation (for example).
			ImplementsAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetImplements(type);
			if (attr == null)
			{
				return TypeWrapper.EmptyArray;
			}
			string[] interfaceNames = attr.Interfaces;
			TypeWrapper[] interfaceWrappers = new TypeWrapper[interfaceNames.Length];
			if (this.IsRemapped)
			{
				for (int i = 0; i < interfaceWrappers.Length; i++)
				{
					interfaceWrappers[i] = ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical(interfaceNames[i]);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				TypeWrapper[] typeWrappers = GetImplementedInterfacesAsTypeWrappers(type);
				for (int i = 0; i < interfaceWrappers.Length; i++)
				{
					for (int j = 0; j < typeWrappers.Length; j++)
					{
						if (typeWrappers[j].Name == interfaceNames[i])
						{
							interfaceWrappers[i] = typeWrappers[j];
							break;
						}
					}
					if (interfaceWrappers[i] == null)
					{
						JVM.CriticalFailure("Unable to resolve interface " + interfaceNames[i] + " on type " + this, null);
					}
				}
			}
			return interfaceWrappers;
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] InnerClasses
		{
			get
			{
				Type[] nestedTypes = type.GetNestedTypes(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
				List<TypeWrapper> wrappers = new List<TypeWrapper>();
				for(int i = 0; i < nestedTypes.Length; i++)
				{
					if(!AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(nestedTypes[i]))
					{
						wrappers.Add(ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(nestedTypes[i]));
					}
				}
				foreach(string s in AttributeHelper.GetNonNestedInnerClasses(type))
				{
					wrappers.Add(GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedName(s));
				}
				return wrappers.ToArray();
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper DeclaringTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				Type declaringType = type.DeclaringType;
				if(declaringType != null)
				{
					return ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(declaringType);
				}
				string decl = AttributeHelper.GetNonNestedOuterClasses(type);
				if(decl != null)
				{
					return GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedName(decl);
				}
				return null;
			}
		}

		internal override Modifiers ReflectiveModifiers
		{
			get
			{
				if (reflectiveModifiers == 0)
				{
					InnerClassAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetInnerClass(type);
					if (attr != null)
					{
						reflectiveModifiers = attr.Modifiers;
					}
					else
					{
						reflectiveModifiers = Modifiers;
					}
				}
				return reflectiveModifiers;
			}
		}

		internal override Type TypeAsBaseType
		{
			get
			{
				return type;
			}
		}

		private void SigTypePatchUp(string sigtype, ref TypeWrapper type)
		{
			if(sigtype != type.SigName)
			{
				// if type is an array, we know that it is a ghost array, because arrays of unloadable are compiled
				// as object (not as arrays of object)
				if(type.IsArray)
				{
					type = GetClassLoader().FieldTypeWrapperFromSig(sigtype);
				}
				else if(type.IsPrimitive)
				{
					type = DotNetTypeWrapper.GetWrapperFromDotNetType(type.TypeAsTBD);
					if(sigtype != type.SigName)
					{
						throw new InvalidOperationException();
					}
				}
				else if(type.IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
				{
					// this can't happen and even if it does happen we cannot return
					// UnloadableTypeWrapper because that would result in incorrect code
					// being generated
					throw new InvalidOperationException();
				}
				else
				{
					if(sigtype[0] == 'L')
					{
						sigtype = sigtype.Substring(1, sigtype.Length - 2);
					}
					try
					{
						TypeWrapper tw = GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedNameFast(sigtype);
						if(tw != null && tw.IsRemapped)
						{
							type = tw;
							return;
						}
					}
					catch(RetargetableJavaException)
					{
					}
					type = new UnloadableTypeWrapper(sigtype);
				}
			}
		}

		private static void ParseSig(string sig, out string[] sigparam, out string sigret)
		{
			List<string> list = new List<string>();
			int pos = 1;
			for(;;)
			{
				switch(sig[pos])
				{
					case 'L':
					{
						int end = sig.IndexOf(';', pos) + 1;
						list.Add(sig.Substring(pos, end - pos));
						pos = end;
						break;
					}
					case '[':
					{
						int skip = 1;
						while(sig[pos + skip] == '[') skip++;
						if(sig[pos + skip] == 'L')
						{
							int end = sig.IndexOf(';', pos) + 1;
							list.Add(sig.Substring(pos, end - pos));
							pos = end;
						}
						else
						{
							skip++;
							list.Add(sig.Substring(pos, skip));
							pos += skip;
						}
						break;
					}
					case ')':
						sigparam = list.ToArray();
						sigret = sig.Substring(pos + 1);
						return;
					default:
						list.Add(sig.Substring(pos, 1));
						pos++;
						break;
				}
			}
		}

		private bool IsCallerID(Type type)
		{
#if STUB_GENERATOR
			return type.FullName == "ikvm.internal.CallerID";
#else
			return type == CoreClasses.ikvm.@internal.CallerID.Wrapper.TypeAsSignatureType
				&& GetClassLoader() == ClassLoaderWrapper.GetBootstrapClassLoader();
#endif
		}

		private void GetNameSigFromMethodBase(MethodBase method, out string name, out string sig, out TypeWrapper retType, out TypeWrapper[] paramTypes, ref MemberFlags flags)
		{
			retType = method is ConstructorInfo ? PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID : ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType);
			ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();
			int len = parameters.Length;
			if(len > 0
				&& IsCallerID(parameters[len - 1].ParameterType)
				&& !method.DeclaringType.IsInterface)
			{
				len--;
				flags |= MemberFlags.CallerID;
			}
			paramTypes = new TypeWrapper[len];
			for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
			{
				paramTypes[i] = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(parameters[i].ParameterType);
			}
			NameSigAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetNameSig(method);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				name = attr.Name;
				sig = attr.Sig;
				string[] sigparams;
				string sigret;
				ParseSig(sig, out sigparams, out sigret);
				// HACK newhelper methods have a return type, but it should be void
				if(name == "<init>")
				{
					retType = PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID;
				}
				SigTypePatchUp(sigret, ref retType);
				// if we have a remapped method, the paramTypes array contains an additional entry for "this" so we have
				// to remove that
				if(paramTypes.Length == sigparams.Length + 1)
				{
					TypeWrapper[] temp = paramTypes;
					paramTypes = new TypeWrapper[sigparams.Length];
					Array.Copy(temp, 1, paramTypes, 0, paramTypes.Length);
				}
				Debug.Assert(sigparams.Length == paramTypes.Length);
				for(int i = 0; i < sigparams.Length; i++)
				{
					SigTypePatchUp(sigparams[i], ref paramTypes[i]);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if(method is ConstructorInfo)
				{
					name = method.IsStatic ? "<clinit>" : "<init>";
				}
				else
				{
					name = method.Name;
				}
				System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder("(");
				foreach(TypeWrapper tw in paramTypes)
				{
					sb.Append(tw.SigName);
				}
				sb.Append(")");
				sb.Append(retType.SigName);
				sig = sb.ToString();
			}
		}

		private sealed class DelegateConstructorMethodWrapper : MethodWrapper
		{
			private readonly ConstructorInfo constructor;
			private MethodInfo invoke;

			private DelegateConstructorMethodWrapper(TypeWrapper tw, TypeWrapper iface, ExModifiers mods)
				: base(tw, StringConstants.INIT, "(" + iface.SigName + ")V", null, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID, new TypeWrapper[] { iface }, mods.Modifiers, mods.IsInternal ? MemberFlags.InternalAccess : MemberFlags.None)
			{
			}

			internal DelegateConstructorMethodWrapper(TypeWrapper tw, MethodBase method)
				: this(tw, tw.GetClassLoader().LoadClassByDottedName(tw.Name + DotNetTypeWrapper.DelegateInterfaceSuffix), AttributeHelper.GetModifiers(method, false))
			{
				constructor = (ConstructorInfo)method;
			}

			protected override void DoLinkMethod()
			{
				MethodWrapper mw = GetParameters()[0].GetMethods()[0];
				mw.Link();
				invoke = (MethodInfo)mw.GetMethod();
			}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
			internal override void EmitNewobj(CodeEmitter ilgen)
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldvirtftn, invoke);
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, constructor);
			}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR
		}

		protected override void LazyPublishMethods()
		{
			bool isDelegate = type.BaseType == Types.MulticastDelegate;
			List<MethodWrapper> methods = new List<MethodWrapper>();
			const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Instance;
			foreach(ConstructorInfo ctor in type.GetConstructors(flags))
			{
				if(isDelegate && !ctor.IsStatic && !AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(ctor))
				{
					methods.Add(new DelegateConstructorMethodWrapper(this, ctor));
				}
				else
				{
					AddMethodOrConstructor(ctor, methods);
				}
			}
			foreach(MethodInfo method in type.GetMethods(flags))
			{
				AddMethodOrConstructor(method, methods);
			}
			SetMethods(methods.ToArray());
		}

		private void AddMethodOrConstructor(MethodBase method, List<MethodWrapper> methods)
		{
			if(!AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(method))
			{
				if(method.IsSpecialName && method.Name.StartsWith("__<"))
				{
					// skip
				}
				else
				{
					string name;
					string sig;
					TypeWrapper retType;
					TypeWrapper[] paramTypes;
					MethodInfo mi = method as MethodInfo;
					bool hideFromReflection = mi != null ? AttributeHelper.IsHideFromReflection(mi) : false;
					MemberFlags flags = hideFromReflection ? MemberFlags.HideFromReflection : MemberFlags.None;
					GetNameSigFromMethodBase(method, out name, out sig, out retType, out paramTypes, ref flags);
					ExModifiers mods = AttributeHelper.GetModifiers(method, false);
					if(mods.IsInternal)
					{
						flags |= MemberFlags.InternalAccess;
					}
					methods.Add(MethodWrapper.Create(this, name, sig, method, retType, paramTypes, mods.Modifiers, flags));
				}
			}
		}

		protected override void LazyPublishFields()
		{
			List<FieldWrapper> fields = new List<FieldWrapper>();
			const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Instance;
			foreach(FieldInfo field in type.GetFields(flags))
			{
				if(!AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(field))
				{
					if(field.IsSpecialName && field.Name.StartsWith("__<"))
					{
						// skip
					}
					else
					{
						fields.Add(CreateFieldWrapper(field));
					}
				}
			}
			foreach(PropertyInfo property in type.GetProperties(flags))
			{
				// NOTE explictly defined properties (in map.xml) are decorated with HideFromJava,
				// so we don't need to worry about them here
				if(!AttributeHelper.IsHideFromJava(property))
				{
					// Only AccessStub properties (marked by HideFromReflectionAttribute or NameSigAttribute)
					// are considered here
					FieldWrapper accessStub;
					if(CompiledAccessStubFieldWrapper.TryGet(this, property, out accessStub))
					{
						fields.Add(accessStub);
					}
					else
					{
						// If the property has a ModifiersAttribute, we know that it is an explicit property
						// (defined in Java source by an @ikvm.lang.Property annotation)
						ModifiersAttribute mods = AttributeHelper.GetModifiersAttribute(property);
						if(mods != null)
						{
							fields.Add(new CompiledPropertyFieldWrapper(this, property, new ExModifiers(mods.Modifiers, mods.IsInternal)));
						}
						else
						{
							fields.Add(CreateFieldWrapper(property));
						}
					}
				}
			}
			SetFields(fields.ToArray());
		}

		private class CompiledRemappedMethodWrapper : SmartMethodWrapper
		{
			private MethodInfo mbHelper;
#if !STATIC_COMPILER
			private MethodInfo mbNonvirtualHelper;
#endif

			internal CompiledRemappedMethodWrapper(TypeWrapper declaringType, string name, string sig, MethodBase method, TypeWrapper returnType, TypeWrapper[] parameterTypes, ExModifiers modifiers, bool hideFromReflection, MethodInfo mbHelper, MethodInfo mbNonvirtualHelper)
				: base(declaringType, name, sig, method, returnType, parameterTypes, modifiers.Modifiers,
						(modifiers.IsInternal ? MemberFlags.InternalAccess : MemberFlags.None) | (hideFromReflection ? MemberFlags.HideFromReflection : MemberFlags.None))
			{
				this.mbHelper = mbHelper;
#if !STATIC_COMPILER
				this.mbNonvirtualHelper = mbNonvirtualHelper;
#endif
			}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
			protected override void CallImpl(CodeEmitter ilgen)
			{
				MethodBase mb = GetMethod();
				MethodInfo mi = mb as MethodInfo;
				if(mi != null)
				{
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, mi);
				}
				else
				{
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo)mb);
				}
			}

			protected override void CallvirtImpl(CodeEmitter ilgen)
			{
				Debug.Assert(!mbHelper.IsStatic || mbHelper.Name.StartsWith("instancehelper_") || mbHelper.DeclaringType.Name == "__Helper");
				if(mbHelper.IsPublic)
				{
					ilgen.Emit(mbHelper.IsStatic ? OpCodes.Call : OpCodes.Callvirt, mbHelper);
				}
				else
				{
					// HACK the helper is not public, this means that we're dealing with finalize or clone
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, (MethodInfo)GetMethod());
				}
			}

			protected override void NewobjImpl(CodeEmitter ilgen)
			{
				MethodBase mb = GetMethod();
				MethodInfo mi = mb as MethodInfo;
				if(mi != null)
				{
					Debug.Assert(mi.Name == "newhelper");
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, mi);
				}
				else
				{
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo)mb);
				}
			}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !FIRST_PASS && !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
			[HideFromJava]
			protected override object InvokeNonvirtualRemapped(object obj, object[] args)
			{
				Type[] p1 = GetParametersForDefineMethod();
				Type[] argTypes = new Type[p1.Length + 1];
				p1.CopyTo(argTypes, 1);
				argTypes[0] = this.DeclaringType.TypeAsSignatureType;
				MethodInfo mi = mbNonvirtualHelper;
				if (mi == null)
				{
					mi = mbHelper;
				}
				object[] args1 = new object[args.Length + 1];
				args1[0] = obj;
				args.CopyTo(args1, 1);
				return mi.Invoke(null, args1);
			}

			internal override void EmitCallvirtReflect(CodeEmitter ilgen)
			{
				MethodBase mb = mbHelper != null ? mbHelper : GetMethod();
				ilgen.Emit(mb.IsStatic ? OpCodes.Call : OpCodes.Callvirt, (MethodInfo)mb);
			}
#endif // !STATIC_COMPILER

			internal string GetGenericSignature()
			{
				SignatureAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetSignature(mbHelper != null ? mbHelper : GetMethod());
				if(attr != null)
				{
					return attr.Signature;
				}
				return null;
			}
		}

		private FieldWrapper CreateFieldWrapper(PropertyInfo prop)
		{
			MethodInfo getter = prop.GetGetMethod(true);
			ExModifiers modifiers = AttributeHelper.GetModifiers(getter, false);
			// for static methods AttributeHelper.GetModifiers won't set the Final flag
			modifiers = new ExModifiers(modifiers.Modifiers | Modifiers.Final, modifiers.IsInternal);
			string name = prop.Name;
			TypeWrapper type = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(prop.PropertyType);
			NameSigAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetNameSig(getter);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				name = attr.Name;
				SigTypePatchUp(attr.Sig, ref type);
			}
			return new GetterFieldWrapper(this, type, null, name, type.SigName, modifiers, getter, prop);
		}

		private FieldWrapper CreateFieldWrapper(FieldInfo field)
		{
			ExModifiers modifiers = AttributeHelper.GetModifiers(field, false);
			string name = field.Name;
			TypeWrapper type = ClassLoaderWrapper.GetWrapperFromType(field.FieldType);
			NameSigAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetNameSig(field);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				name = attr.Name;
				SigTypePatchUp(attr.Sig, ref type);
			}

			if(field.IsLiteral)
			{
				MemberFlags flags = MemberFlags.None;
				if(AttributeHelper.IsHideFromReflection(field))
				{
					flags |= MemberFlags.HideFromReflection;
				}
				if(modifiers.IsInternal)
				{
					flags |= MemberFlags.InternalAccess;
				}
				return new ConstantFieldWrapper(this, type, name, type.SigName, modifiers.Modifiers, field, null, flags);
			}
			else
			{
				return FieldWrapper.Create(this, type, field, name, type.SigName, modifiers);
			}
		}

		internal override Type TypeAsTBD
		{
			get
			{
				return type;
			}
		}

		internal override bool IsMapUnsafeException
		{
			get
			{
				return AttributeHelper.IsExceptionIsUnsafeForMapping(type);
			}
		}

		internal override void Finish()
		{
			if(BaseTypeWrapper != null)
			{
				BaseTypeWrapper.Finish();
			}
			foreach(TypeWrapper tw in this.Interfaces)
			{
				tw.Finish();
			}
		}

#if !STUB_GENERATOR && !NOEMIT
		internal override void EmitRunClassConstructor(CodeEmitter ilgen)
		{
			if(HasStaticInitializer)
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, clinitMethod);
			}
		}
#endif // !STUB_GENERATOR

		internal override string GetGenericSignature()
		{
			SignatureAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetSignature(type);
			if(attr != null)
			{
				return attr.Signature;
			}
			return null;
		}

		internal override string GetGenericMethodSignature(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			if(mw is CompiledRemappedMethodWrapper)
			{
				return ((CompiledRemappedMethodWrapper)mw).GetGenericSignature();
			}
			MethodBase mb = mw.GetMethod();
			if(mb != null)
			{
				SignatureAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetSignature(mb);
				if(attr != null)
				{
					return attr.Signature;
				}
			}
			return null;
		}

		internal override string GetGenericFieldSignature(FieldWrapper fw)
		{
			FieldInfo fi = fw.GetField();
			if(fi != null)
			{
				SignatureAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetSignature(fi);
				if(attr != null)
				{
					return attr.Signature;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				GetterFieldWrapper getter = fw as GetterFieldWrapper;
				if(getter != null)
				{
					SignatureAttribute attr = AttributeHelper.GetSignature(getter.GetGetter());
					if(attr != null)
					{
						return attr.Signature;
					}
				}
			}
			return null;
		}

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal override string[] GetEnclosingMethod()
		{
			EnclosingMethodAttribute enc = AttributeHelper.GetEnclosingMethodAttribute(type);
			if (enc != null)
			{
				return new string[] { enc.ClassName, enc.MethodName, enc.MethodSignature };
			}
			return null;
		}

		internal override object[] GetDeclaredAnnotations()
		{
			return type.GetCustomAttributes(false);
		}

		internal override object[] GetMethodAnnotations(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			MethodBase mb = mw.GetMethod();
			if(mb == null)
			{
				// delegate constructor
				return null;
			}
			return mb.GetCustomAttributes(false);
		}

		internal override object[][] GetParameterAnnotations(MethodWrapper mw)
		{
			MethodBase mb = mw.GetMethod();
			if(mb == null)
			{
				// delegate constructor
				return null;
			}
			ParameterInfo[] parameters = mb.GetParameters();
			int skip = 0;
			if(mb.IsStatic && !mw.IsStatic && mw.Name != "<init>")
			{
				skip = 1;
			}
			int skipEnd = 0;
			if(mw.HasCallerID)
			{
				skipEnd = 1;
			}
			object[][] attribs = new object[parameters.Length - skip - skipEnd][];
			for(int i = skip; i < parameters.Length - skipEnd; i++)
			{
				attribs[i - skip] = parameters[i].GetCustomAttributes(false);
			}
			return attribs;
		}

		internal override object[] GetFieldAnnotations(FieldWrapper fw)
		{
			FieldInfo field = fw.GetField();
			if(field != null)
			{
				return field.GetCustomAttributes(false);
			}
			GetterFieldWrapper getter = fw as GetterFieldWrapper;
			if(getter != null)
			{
				return getter.GetGetter().GetCustomAttributes(false);
			}
			CompiledPropertyFieldWrapper prop = fw as CompiledPropertyFieldWrapper;
			if(prop != null)
			{
				return prop.GetProperty().GetCustomAttributes(false);
			}
			return new object[0];
		}
#endif

		private class CompiledAnnotation : Annotation
		{
			private Type type;

			internal CompiledAnnotation(Type type)
			{
				this.type = type;
			}

#if !NOEMIT
			private CustomAttributeBuilder MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(object annotation)
			{
				return new CustomAttributeBuilder(type.GetConstructor(new Type[] { JVM.Import(typeof(object[])) }), new object[] { annotation });
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, TypeBuilder tb, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				tb.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, ConstructorBuilder cb, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				cb.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, MethodBuilder mb, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				mb.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, FieldBuilder fb, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				fb.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, ParameterBuilder pb, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				pb.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, AssemblyBuilder ab, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				ab.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}

			internal override void Apply(ClassLoaderWrapper loader, PropertyBuilder pb, object annotation)
			{
				annotation = QualifyClassNames(loader, annotation);
				pb.SetCustomAttribute(MakeCustomAttributeBuilder(annotation));
			}
#endif
		}

		internal override Annotation Annotation
		{
			get
			{
				string annotationAttribute = AttributeHelper.GetAnnotationAttributeType(type);
				if(annotationAttribute != null)
				{
					return new CompiledAnnotation(type.Assembly.GetType(annotationAttribute, true));
				}
				return null;
			}
		}

		internal override Type EnumType
		{
			get
			{
				if((this.Modifiers & Modifiers.Enum) != 0)
				{
					return type.GetNestedType("__Enum");
				}
				return null;
			}
		}

#if !STATIC_COMPILER && !STUB_GENERATOR
		internal override string GetSourceFileName()
		{
			object[] attr = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(SourceFileAttribute), false);
			if(attr.Length == 1)
			{
				return ((SourceFileAttribute)attr[0]).SourceFile;
			}
			if(type.Module.IsDefined(typeof(SourceFileAttribute), false))
			{
				return type.Name + ".java";
			}
			return null;
		}

		internal override int GetSourceLineNumber(MethodBase mb, int ilOffset)
		{
			object[] attr = mb.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(LineNumberTableAttribute), false);
			if(attr.Length == 1)
			{
				return ((LineNumberTableAttribute)attr[0]).GetLineNumber(ilOffset);
			}
			return -1;
		}
#endif

		internal override bool IsFastClassLiteralSafe
		{
			get { return true; }
		}
	}

	sealed class ArrayTypeWrapper : TypeWrapper
	{
		private static TypeWrapper[] interfaces;
		private static MethodInfo clone;
		private readonly TypeWrapper ultimateElementTypeWrapper;
		private Type arrayType;
		private bool finished;

		internal ArrayTypeWrapper(TypeWrapper ultimateElementTypeWrapper, string name)
			: base(Modifiers.Final | Modifiers.Abstract | (ultimateElementTypeWrapper.Modifiers & Modifiers.Public), name, CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper)
		{
			Debug.Assert(!ultimateElementTypeWrapper.IsArray);
			this.ultimateElementTypeWrapper = ultimateElementTypeWrapper;
			this.IsInternal = ultimateElementTypeWrapper.IsInternal;
		}

		internal override ClassLoaderWrapper GetClassLoader()
		{
			return ultimateElementTypeWrapper.GetClassLoader();
		}

		internal static MethodInfo CloneMethod
		{
			get
			{
				if(clone == null)
				{
					clone = Types.Array.GetMethod("Clone", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, Type.EmptyTypes, null);
				}
				return clone;
			}
		}

		protected override void LazyPublishMembers()
		{
			MethodWrapper mw = new SimpleCallMethodWrapper(this, "clone", "()Ljava.lang.Object;", CloneMethod, CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper, TypeWrapper.EmptyArray, Modifiers.Public, MemberFlags.HideFromReflection, SimpleOpCode.Callvirt, SimpleOpCode.Callvirt);
			mw.Link();
			SetMethods(new MethodWrapper[] { mw });
			SetFields(FieldWrapper.EmptyArray);
		}

		internal override Modifiers ReflectiveModifiers
		{
			get
			{
				return Modifiers.Final | Modifiers.Abstract | (ultimateElementTypeWrapper.ReflectiveModifiers & Modifiers.AccessMask);
			}
		}

		internal override string SigName
		{
			get
			{
				// for arrays the signature name is the same as the normal name
				return Name;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] Interfaces
		{
			get
			{
				if(interfaces == null)
				{
					TypeWrapper[] tw = new TypeWrapper[2];
					tw[0] = ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.Cloneable");
					tw[1] = ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.io.Serializable");
					interfaces = tw;
				}
				return interfaces;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] InnerClasses
		{
			get
			{
				return TypeWrapper.EmptyArray;
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper DeclaringTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				return null;
			}
		}

		internal override Type TypeAsTBD
		{
			get
			{
				while (arrayType == null)
				{
					bool prevFinished = finished;
					Type type = MakeArrayType(ultimateElementTypeWrapper.TypeAsArrayType, this.ArrayRank);
					if (prevFinished)
					{
						// We were already finished prior to the call to MakeArrayType, so we can safely
						// set arrayType to the finished type.
						// Note that this takes advantage of the fact that once we've been finished,
						// we can never become unfinished.
						arrayType = type;
					}
					else
					{
						lock (this)
						{
							// To prevent a race with Finish, we can only set arrayType in this case
							// (inside the locked region) if we've not already finished. If we have
							// finished, we need to rerun MakeArrayType on the now finished element type.
							// Note that there is a benign race left, because it is possible that another
							// thread finishes right after we've set arrayType and exited the locked
							// region. This is not problem, because TypeAsTBD is only guaranteed to
							// return a finished type *after* Finish has been called.
							if (!finished)
							{
								arrayType = type;
							}
						}
					}
				}
				return arrayType;
			}
		}

		internal override void Finish()
		{
			if (!finished)
			{
				ultimateElementTypeWrapper.Finish();
				lock (this)
				{
					// Now that we've finished the element type, we must clear arrayType,
					// because it may still refer to a TypeBuilder. Note that we have to
					// do this atomically with setting "finished", to prevent a race
					// with TypeAsTBD.
					finished = true;
					arrayType = null;
				}
			}
		}

		internal override bool IsFastClassLiteralSafe
		{
			// here we have to deal with the somewhat strange fact that in Java you cannot represent primitive type class literals,
			// but you can represent arrays of primitive types as a class literal
			get { return ultimateElementTypeWrapper.IsFastClassLiteralSafe || ultimateElementTypeWrapper.IsPrimitive; }
		}

		internal static Type MakeArrayType(Type type, int dims)
		{
			// NOTE this is not just an optimization, but it is also required to
			// make sure that ReflectionOnly types stay ReflectionOnly types
			// (in particular instantiations of generic types from mscorlib that
			// have ReflectionOnly type parameters).
			for(int i = 0; i < dims; i++)
			{
				type = type.MakeArrayType();
			}
			return type;
		}
	}

	// this is a container for the special verifier TypeWrappers
	sealed class VerifierTypeWrapper : TypeWrapper
	{
		// the TypeWrapper constructor interns the name, so we have to pre-intern here to make sure we have the same string object
		// (if it has only been interned previously)
		private static readonly string This = string.Intern("this");
		private static readonly string New = string.Intern("new");
		private static readonly string Fault = string.Intern("<fault>");
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper Invalid = null;
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper Null = new VerifierTypeWrapper("null", 0, null, null);
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper UninitializedThis = new VerifierTypeWrapper("uninitialized-this", 0, null, null);
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper Unloadable = new UnloadableTypeWrapper("<verifier>");
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper ExtendedFloat = new VerifierTypeWrapper("<extfloat>", 0, null, null);
		internal static readonly TypeWrapper ExtendedDouble = new VerifierTypeWrapper("<extdouble>", 0, null, null);

		private int index;
		private TypeWrapper underlyingType;
		private MethodAnalyzer methodAnalyzer;

#if STUB_GENERATOR
		internal class MethodAnalyzer
		{
			internal void ClearFaultBlockException(int dummy) { }
		}
#endif

		public override string ToString()
		{
			return GetType().Name + "[" + Name + "," + index + "," + underlyingType + "]";
		}

		internal static TypeWrapper MakeNew(TypeWrapper type, int bytecodeIndex)
		{
			return new VerifierTypeWrapper(New, bytecodeIndex, type, null);
		}

		internal static TypeWrapper MakeFaultBlockException(MethodAnalyzer ma, int handlerIndex)
		{
			return new VerifierTypeWrapper(Fault, handlerIndex, null, ma);
		}

		// NOTE the "this" type is special, it can only exist in local[0] and on the stack
		// as soon as the type on the stack is merged or popped it turns into its underlying type.
		// It exists to capture the verification rules for non-virtual base class method invocation in .NET 2.0,
		// which requires that the invocation is done on a "this" reference that was directly loaded onto the
		// stack (using ldarg_0).
		internal static TypeWrapper MakeThis(TypeWrapper type)
		{
			return new VerifierTypeWrapper(This, 0, type, null);
		}

		internal static bool IsNotPresentOnStack(TypeWrapper w)
		{
			return IsNew(w) || IsFaultBlockException(w);
		}

		internal static bool IsNew(TypeWrapper w)
		{
			return w != null && w.IsVerifierType && ReferenceEquals(w.Name, New);
		}

		internal static bool IsFaultBlockException(TypeWrapper w)
		{
			return w != null && w.IsVerifierType && ReferenceEquals(w.Name, Fault);
		}

		internal static bool IsNullOrUnloadable(TypeWrapper w)
		{
			return w == Null || w.IsUnloadable;
		}

		internal static bool IsThis(TypeWrapper w)
		{
			return w != null && w.IsVerifierType && ReferenceEquals(w.Name, This);
		}

		internal static void ClearFaultBlockException(TypeWrapper w)
		{
			VerifierTypeWrapper vtw = (VerifierTypeWrapper)w;
			vtw.methodAnalyzer.ClearFaultBlockException(vtw.Index);
		}

		internal int Index
		{
			get
			{
				return index;
			}
		}

		internal TypeWrapper UnderlyingType
		{
			get
			{
				return underlyingType;
			}
		}

		private VerifierTypeWrapper(string name, int index, TypeWrapper underlyingType, MethodAnalyzer methodAnalyzer)
			: base(TypeWrapper.VerifierTypeModifiersHack, name, null)
		{
			this.index = index;
			this.underlyingType = underlyingType;
			this.methodAnalyzer = methodAnalyzer;
		}

		internal override ClassLoaderWrapper GetClassLoader()
		{
			return null;
		}

		protected override void LazyPublishMembers()
		{
			throw new InvalidOperationException("LazyPublishMembers called on " + this);
		}

		internal override Type TypeAsTBD
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_Type called on " + this);
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] Interfaces
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_Interfaces called on " + this);
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper[] InnerClasses
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_InnerClasses called on " + this);
			}
		}

		internal override TypeWrapper DeclaringTypeWrapper
		{
			get
			{
				throw new InvalidOperationException("get_DeclaringTypeWrapper called on " + this);
			}
		}

		internal override void Finish()
		{
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Finish called on " + this);
		}
	}
}