ParseXS.pm

package ExtUtils::ParseXS;
use strict;

use 5.006001;
use Cwd;
use Config;
use Exporter;
use File::Basename;
use File::Spec;
use Symbol;

our $VERSION;
BEGIN {
  $VERSION = '3.18';
}
use ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants $VERSION;
use ExtUtils::ParseXS::CountLines $VERSION;
use ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities $VERSION;
$VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/;

use ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities qw(
  standard_typemap_locations
  trim_whitespace
  tidy_type
  C_string
  valid_proto_string
  process_typemaps
  make_targetable
  map_type
  standard_XS_defs
  assign_func_args
  analyze_preprocessor_statements
  set_cond
  Warn
  current_line_number
  blurt
  death
  check_conditional_preprocessor_statements
  escape_file_for_line_directive
  report_typemap_failure
);

our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
  process_file
  report_error_count
);

# The scalars in the line below remain as 'our' variables because pulling
# them into $self led to build problems.  In most cases, strings being
# 'eval'-ed contain the variables' names hard-coded.
our (
  $Package, $func_name, $Full_func_name, $pname, $ALIAS,
);

our $self = bless {} => __PACKAGE__;

sub process_file {

  # Allow for $package->process_file(%hash) in the future
  my ($pkg, %options) = @_ % 2 ? @_ : (__PACKAGE__, @_);

  $self->{ProtoUsed} = exists $options{prototypes};

  # Set defaults.
  my %args = (
    argtypes        => 1,
    csuffix         => '.c',
    except          => 0,
    hiertype        => 0,
    inout           => 1,
    linenumbers     => 1,
    optimize        => 1,
    output          => \*STDOUT,
    prototypes      => 0,
    typemap         => [],
    versioncheck    => 1,
    FH              => Symbol::gensym(),
    %options,
  );
  $args{except} = $args{except} ? ' TRY' : '';

  # Global Constants

  my ($Is_VMS, $SymSet);
  if ($^O eq 'VMS') {
    $Is_VMS = 1;
    # Establish set of global symbols with max length 28, since xsubpp
    # will later add the 'XS_' prefix.
    require ExtUtils::XSSymSet;
    $SymSet = ExtUtils::XSSymSet->new(28);
  }
  @{ $self->{XSStack} } = ({type => 'none'});
  $self->{InitFileCode} = [ @ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants::InitFileCode ];
  $self->{Overload}     = 0;
  $self->{errors}       = 0;
  $self->{Fallback}     = '&PL_sv_undef';

  # Most of the 1500 lines below uses these globals.  We'll have to
  # clean this up sometime, probably.  For now, we just pull them out
  # of %args.  -Ken

  $self->{hiertype} = $args{hiertype};
  $self->{WantPrototypes} = $args{prototypes};
  $self->{WantVersionChk} = $args{versioncheck};
  $self->{WantLineNumbers} = $args{linenumbers};
  $self->{IncludedFiles} = {};

  die "Missing required parameter 'filename'" unless $args{filename};
  $self->{filepathname} = $args{filename};
  ($self->{dir}, $self->{filename}) =
    (dirname($args{filename}), basename($args{filename}));
  $self->{filepathname} =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
  $self->{IncludedFiles}->{$args{filename}}++;

  # Open the output file if given as a string.  If they provide some
  # other kind of reference, trust them that we can print to it.
  if (not ref $args{output}) {
    open my($fh), "> $args{output}" or die "Can't create $args{output}: $!";
    $args{outfile} = $args{output};
    $args{output} = $fh;
  }

  # Really, we shouldn't have to chdir() or select() in the first
  # place.  For now, just save and restore.
  my $orig_cwd = cwd();
  my $orig_fh = select();

  chdir($self->{dir});
  my $pwd = cwd();
  my $csuffix = $args{csuffix};

  if ($self->{WantLineNumbers}) {
    my $cfile;
    if ( $args{outfile} ) {
      $cfile = $args{outfile};
    }
    else {
      $cfile = $args{filename};
      $cfile =~ s/\.xs$/$csuffix/i or $cfile .= $csuffix;
    }
    tie(*PSEUDO_STDOUT, 'ExtUtils::ParseXS::CountLines', $cfile, $args{output});
    select PSEUDO_STDOUT;
  }
  else {
    select $args{output};
  }

  $self->{typemap} = process_typemaps( $args{typemap}, $pwd );

  my $END = "!End!\n\n";        # "impossible" keyword (multiple newline)

  # Match an XS keyword
  $self->{BLOCK_re} = '\s*(' .
    join('|' => @ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants::XSKeywords) .
    "|$END)\\s*:";

  our ($C_group_rex, $C_arg);
  # Group in C (no support for comments or literals)
  $C_group_rex = qr/ [({\[]
               (?: (?> [^()\[\]{}]+ ) | (??{ $C_group_rex }) )*
               [)}\]] /x;
  # Chunk in C without comma at toplevel (no comments):
  $C_arg = qr/ (?: (?> [^()\[\]{},"']+ )
         |   (??{ $C_group_rex })
         |   " (?: (?> [^\\"]+ )
           |   \\.
           )* "        # String literal
                |   ' (?: (?> [^\\']+ ) | \\. )* ' # Char literal
         )* /xs;

  # Since at this point we're ready to begin printing to the output file and
  # reading from the input file, I want to get as much data as possible into
  # the proto-object $self.  That means assigning to $self and elements of
  # %args referenced below this point.
  # HOWEVER:  This resulted in an error when I tried:
  #   $args{'s'} ---> $self->{s}.
  # Use of uninitialized value in quotemeta at
  #   .../blib/lib/ExtUtils/ParseXS.pm line 733

  foreach my $datum ( qw| argtypes except inout optimize | ) {
    $self->{$datum} = $args{$datum};
  }

  # Identify the version of xsubpp used
  print <<EOM;
/*
 * This file was generated automatically by ExtUtils::ParseXS version $VERSION from the
 * contents of $self->{filename}. Do not edit this file, edit $self->{filename} instead.
 *
 *    ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
 *
 */

EOM


  print("#line 1 \"" . escape_file_for_line_directive($self->{filepathname}) . "\"\n")
    if $self->{WantLineNumbers};

  # Open the input file (using $self->{filename} which
  # is a basename'd $args{filename} due to chdir above)
  open($self->{FH}, '<', $self->{filename}) or die "cannot open $self->{filename}: $!\n";

  firstmodule:
  while (readline($self->{FH})) {
    if (/^=/) {
      my $podstartline = $.;
      do {
        if (/^=cut\s*$/) {
          # We can't just write out a /* */ comment, as our embedded
          # POD might itself be in a comment. We can't put a /**/
          # comment inside #if 0, as the C standard says that the source
          # file is decomposed into preprocessing characters in the stage
          # before preprocessing commands are executed.
          # I don't want to leave the text as barewords, because the spec
          # isn't clear whether macros are expanded before or after
          # preprocessing commands are executed, and someone pathological
          # may just have defined one of the 3 words as a macro that does
          # something strange. Multiline strings are illegal in C, so
          # the "" we write must be a string literal. And they aren't
          # concatenated until 2 steps later, so we are safe.
          #     - Nicholas Clark
          print("#if 0\n  \"Skipped embedded POD.\"\n#endif\n");
          printf("#line %d \"%s\"\n", $. + 1, escape_file_for_line_directive($self->{filepathname}))
            if $self->{WantLineNumbers};
          next firstmodule
        }

      } while (readline($self->{FH}));
      # At this point $. is at end of file so die won't state the start
      # of the problem, and as we haven't yet read any lines &death won't
      # show the correct line in the message either.
      die ("Error: Unterminated pod in $self->{filename}, line $podstartline\n")
        unless $self->{lastline};
    }
    last if ($Package, $self->{Prefix}) =
      /^MODULE\s*=\s*[\w:]+(?:\s+PACKAGE\s*=\s*([\w:]+))?(?:\s+PREFIX\s*=\s*(\S+))?\s*$/;

    print $_;
  }
  unless (defined $_) {
    warn "Didn't find a 'MODULE ... PACKAGE ... PREFIX' line\n";
    exit 0; # Not a fatal error for the caller process
  }

  print 'ExtUtils::ParseXS::CountLines'->end_marker, "\n" if $self->{WantLineNumbers};

  standard_XS_defs();

  print 'ExtUtils::ParseXS::CountLines'->end_marker, "\n" if $self->{WantLineNumbers};

  $self->{lastline}    = $_;
  $self->{lastline_no} = $.;

  my $BootCode_ref = [];
  my $XSS_work_idx = 0;
  my $cpp_next_tmp = 'XSubPPtmpAAAA';
 PARAGRAPH:
  while ($self->fetch_para()) {
    my $outlist_ref  = [];
    # Print initial preprocessor statements and blank lines
    while (@{ $self->{line} } && $self->{line}->[0] !~ /^[^\#]/) {
      my $ln = shift(@{ $self->{line} });
      print $ln, "\n";
      next unless $ln =~ /^\#\s*((if)(?:n?def)?|elsif|else|endif)\b/;
      my $statement = $+;
      ( $self, $XSS_work_idx, $BootCode_ref ) =
        analyze_preprocessor_statements(
          $self, $statement, $XSS_work_idx, $BootCode_ref
        );
    }

    next PARAGRAPH unless @{ $self->{line} };

    if ($XSS_work_idx && !$self->{XSStack}->[$XSS_work_idx]{varname}) {
      # We are inside an #if, but have not yet #defined its xsubpp variable.
      print "#define $cpp_next_tmp 1\n\n";
      push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} }, "#if $cpp_next_tmp\n");
      push(@{ $BootCode_ref },     "#if $cpp_next_tmp");
      $self->{XSStack}->[$XSS_work_idx]{varname} = $cpp_next_tmp++;
    }

    $self->death(
      "Code is not inside a function"
        ." (maybe last function was ended by a blank line "
        ." followed by a statement on column one?)")
      if $self->{line}->[0] =~ /^\s/;

    # initialize info arrays
    foreach my $member (qw(args_match var_types defaults arg_list
                           argtype_seen in_out lengthof))
    {
      $self->{$member} = {};
    }
    $self->{proto_arg} = [];
    $self->{processing_arg_with_types} = undef;
    $self->{proto_in_this_xsub}        = undef;
    $self->{scope_in_this_xsub}        = undef;
    $self->{interface}                 = undef;
    $self->{interface_macro}           = 'XSINTERFACE_FUNC';
    $self->{interface_macro_set}       = 'XSINTERFACE_FUNC_SET';
    $self->{ProtoThisXSUB}             = $self->{WantPrototypes};
    $self->{ScopeThisXSUB}             = 0;

    my $xsreturn = 0;

    $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} });
    while (my $kwd = $self->check_keyword("REQUIRE|PROTOTYPES|EXPORT_XSUB_SYMBOLS|FALLBACK|VERSIONCHECK|INCLUDE(?:_COMMAND)?|SCOPE")) {
      my $method = $kwd . "_handler";
      $self->$method($_);
      next PARAGRAPH unless @{ $self->{line} };
      $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} });
    }

    if ($self->check_keyword("BOOT")) {
      check_conditional_preprocessor_statements($self);
      push (@{ $BootCode_ref }, "#line $self->{line_no}->[@{ $self->{line_no} } - @{ $self->{line} }] \""
                                . escape_file_for_line_directive($self->{filepathname}) . "\"")
        if $self->{WantLineNumbers} && $self->{line}->[0] !~ /^\s*#\s*line\b/;
      push (@{ $BootCode_ref }, @{ $self->{line} }, "");
      next PARAGRAPH;
    }

    # extract return type, function name and arguments
    ($self->{ret_type}) = tidy_type($_);
    my $RETVAL_no_return = 1 if $self->{ret_type} =~ s/^NO_OUTPUT\s+//;

    # Allow one-line ANSI-like declaration
    unshift @{ $self->{line} }, $2
      if $self->{argtypes}
        and $self->{ret_type} =~ s/^(.*?\w.*?)\s*\b(\w+\s*\(.*)/$1/s;

    # a function definition needs at least 2 lines
    $self->blurt("Error: Function definition too short '$self->{ret_type}'"), next PARAGRAPH
      unless @{ $self->{line} };

    my $externC = 1 if $self->{ret_type} =~ s/^extern "C"\s+//;
    my $static  = 1 if $self->{ret_type} =~ s/^static\s+//;

    my $func_header = shift(@{ $self->{line} });
    $self->blurt("Error: Cannot parse function definition from '$func_header'"), next PARAGRAPH
      unless $func_header =~ /^(?:([\w:]*)::)?(\w+)\s*\(\s*(.*?)\s*\)\s*(const)?\s*(;\s*)?$/s;

    my ($class, $orig_args);
    ($class, $func_name, $orig_args) =  ($1, $2, $3);
    $class = "$4 $class" if $4;
    ($pname = $func_name) =~ s/^($self->{Prefix})?/$self->{Packprefix}/;
    my $clean_func_name;
    ($clean_func_name = $func_name) =~ s/^$self->{Prefix}//;
    $Full_func_name = "$self->{Packid}_$clean_func_name";
    if ($Is_VMS) {
      $Full_func_name = $SymSet->addsym($Full_func_name);
    }

    # Check for duplicate function definition
    for my $tmp (@{ $self->{XSStack} }) {
      next unless defined $tmp->{functions}{$Full_func_name};
      Warn( $self, "Warning: duplicate function definition '$clean_func_name' detected");
      last;
    }
    $self->{XSStack}->[$XSS_work_idx]{functions}{$Full_func_name}++;
    %{ $self->{XsubAliases} }     = ();
    %{ $self->{XsubAliasValues} } = ();
    %{ $self->{Interfaces} }      = ();
    @{ $self->{Attributes} }      = ();
    $self->{DoSetMagic} = 1;

    $orig_args =~ s/\\\s*/ /g;    # process line continuations
    my @args;

    my (@fake_INPUT_pre);    # For length(s) generated variables
    my (@fake_INPUT);
    my $only_C_inlist_ref = {};        # Not in the signature of Perl function
    if ($self->{argtypes} and $orig_args =~ /\S/) {
      my $args = "$orig_args ,";
      if ($args =~ /^( (??{ $C_arg }) , )* $ /x) {
        @args = ($args =~ /\G ( (??{ $C_arg }) ) , /xg);
        for ( @args ) {
          s/^\s+//;
          s/\s+$//;
          my ($arg, $default) = ($_ =~ m/ ( [^=]* ) ( (?: = .* )? ) /x);
          my ($pre, $len_name) = ($arg =~ /(.*?) \s*
                             \b ( \w+ | length\( \s*\w+\s* \) )
                             \s* $ /x);
          next unless defined($pre) && length($pre);
          my $out_type = '';
          my $inout_var;
          if ($self->{inout} and s/^(IN|IN_OUTLIST|OUTLIST|OUT|IN_OUT)\b\s*//) {
            my $type = $1;
            $out_type = $type if $type ne 'IN';
            $arg =~ s/^(IN|IN_OUTLIST|OUTLIST|OUT|IN_OUT)\b\s*//;
            $pre =~ s/^(IN|IN_OUTLIST|OUTLIST|OUT|IN_OUT)\b\s*//;
          }
          my $islength;
          if ($len_name =~ /^length\( \s* (\w+) \s* \)\z/x) {
            $len_name = "XSauto_length_of_$1";
            $islength = 1;
            die "Default value on length() argument: '$_'"
              if length $default;
          }
          if (length $pre or $islength) { # Has a type
            if ($islength) {
              push @fake_INPUT_pre, $arg;
            }
            else {
              push @fake_INPUT, $arg;
            }
            # warn "pushing '$arg'\n";
            $self->{argtype_seen}->{$len_name}++;
            $_ = "$len_name$default"; # Assigns to @args
          }
          $only_C_inlist_ref->{$_} = 1 if $out_type eq "OUTLIST" or $islength;
          push @{ $outlist_ref }, $len_name if $out_type =~ /OUTLIST$/;
          $self->{in_out}->{$len_name} = $out_type if $out_type;
        }
      }
      else {
        @args = split(/\s*,\s*/, $orig_args);
        Warn( $self, "Warning: cannot parse argument list '$orig_args', fallback to split");
      }
    }
    else {
      @args = split(/\s*,\s*/, $orig_args);
      for (@args) {
        if ($self->{inout} and s/^(IN|IN_OUTLIST|OUTLIST|IN_OUT|OUT)\b\s*//) {
          my $out_type = $1;
          next if $out_type eq 'IN';
          $only_C_inlist_ref->{$_} = 1 if $out_type eq "OUTLIST";
          if ($out_type =~ /OUTLIST$/) {
              push @{ $outlist_ref }, undef;
          }
          $self->{in_out}->{$_} = $out_type;
        }
      }
    }
    if (defined($class)) {
      my $arg0 = ((defined($static) or $func_name eq 'new')
          ? "CLASS" : "THIS");
      unshift(@args, $arg0);
    }
    my $extra_args = 0;
    my @args_num = ();
    my $num_args = 0;
    my $report_args = '';
    my $ellipsis;
    foreach my $i (0 .. $#args) {
      if ($args[$i] =~ s/\.\.\.//) {
        $ellipsis = 1;
        if ($args[$i] eq '' && $i == $#args) {
          $report_args .= ", ...";
          pop(@args);
          last;
        }
      }
      if ($only_C_inlist_ref->{$args[$i]}) {
        push @args_num, undef;
      }
      else {
        push @args_num, ++$num_args;
          $report_args .= ", $args[$i]";
      }
      if ($args[$i] =~ /^([^=]*[^\s=])\s*=\s*(.*)/s) {
        $extra_args++;
        $args[$i] = $1;
        $self->{defaults}->{$args[$i]} = $2;
        $self->{defaults}->{$args[$i]} =~ s/"/\\"/g;
      }
      $self->{proto_arg}->[$i+1] = '$';
    }
    my $min_args = $num_args - $extra_args;
    $report_args =~ s/"/\\"/g;
    $report_args =~ s/^,\s+//;
    $self->{func_args} = assign_func_args($self, \@args, $class);
    @{ $self->{args_match} }{@args} = @args_num;

    my $PPCODE = grep(/^\s*PPCODE\s*:/, @{ $self->{line} });
    my $CODE = grep(/^\s*CODE\s*:/, @{ $self->{line} });
    # Detect CODE: blocks which use ST(n)= or XST_m*(n,v)
    # to set explicit return values.
    my $EXPLICIT_RETURN = ($CODE &&
            ("@{ $self->{line} }" =~ /(\bST\s*\([^;]*=) | (\bXST_m\w+\s*\()/x ));

    # The $ALIAS which follows is only explicitly called within the scope of
    # process_file().  In principle, it ought to be a lexical, i.e., 'my
    # $ALIAS' like the other nearby variables.  However, implementing that
    # change produced a slight difference in the resulting .c output in at
    # least two distributions:  B/BD/BDFOY/Crypt-Rijndael and
    # G/GF/GFUJI/Hash-FieldHash.  The difference is, arguably, an improvement
    # in the resulting C code.  Example:
    # 388c388
    # <                       GvNAME(CvGV(cv)),
    # ---
    # >                       "Crypt::Rijndael::encrypt",
    # But at this point we're committed to generating the *same* C code that
    # the current version of ParseXS.pm does.  So we're declaring it as 'our'.
    $ALIAS  = grep(/^\s*ALIAS\s*:/,  @{ $self->{line} });

    my $INTERFACE  = grep(/^\s*INTERFACE\s*:/,  @{ $self->{line} });

    $xsreturn = 1 if $EXPLICIT_RETURN;

    $externC = $externC ? qq[extern "C"] : "";

    # print function header
    print Q(<<"EOF");
#$externC
#XS_EUPXS(XS_${Full_func_name}); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
#XS_EUPXS(XS_${Full_func_name})
#[[
#    dVAR; dXSARGS;
EOF
    print Q(<<"EOF") if $ALIAS;
#    dXSI32;
EOF
    print Q(<<"EOF") if $INTERFACE;
#    dXSFUNCTION($self->{ret_type});
EOF

    $self->{cond} = set_cond($ellipsis, $min_args, $num_args);

    print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{except};
#    char errbuf[1024];
#    *errbuf = '\\0';
EOF

    if($self->{cond}) {
      print Q(<<"EOF");
#    if ($self->{cond})
#       croak_xs_usage(cv,  "$report_args");
EOF
    }
    else {
    # cv likely to be unused
    print Q(<<"EOF");
#    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv); /* -W */
EOF
    }

    #gcc -Wall: if an xsub has PPCODE is used
    #it is possible none of ST, XSRETURN or XSprePUSH macros are used
    #hence 'ax' (setup by dXSARGS) is unused
    #XXX: could breakup the dXSARGS; into dSP;dMARK;dITEMS
    #but such a move could break third-party extensions
    print Q(<<"EOF") if $PPCODE;
#    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(ax); /* -Wall */
EOF

    print Q(<<"EOF") if $PPCODE;
#    SP -= items;
EOF

    # Now do a block of some sort.

    $self->{condnum} = 0;
    $self->{cond} = '';            # last CASE: conditional
    push(@{ $self->{line} }, "$END:");
    push(@{ $self->{line_no} }, $self->{line_no}->[-1]);
    $_ = '';
    check_conditional_preprocessor_statements();
    while (@{ $self->{line} }) {

      $self->CASE_handler($_) if $self->check_keyword("CASE");
      print Q(<<"EOF");
#   $self->{except} [[
EOF

      # do initialization of input variables
      $self->{thisdone} = 0;
      $self->{retvaldone} = 0;
      $self->{deferred} = "";
      %{ $self->{arg_list} } = ();
      $self->{gotRETVAL} = 0;
      $self->INPUT_handler($_);
      $self->process_keyword("INPUT|PREINIT|INTERFACE_MACRO|C_ARGS|ALIAS|ATTRS|PROTOTYPE|SCOPE|OVERLOAD");

      print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{ScopeThisXSUB};
#   ENTER;
#   [[
EOF

      if (!$self->{thisdone} && defined($class)) {
        if (defined($static) or $func_name eq 'new') {
          print "\tchar *";
          $self->{var_types}->{"CLASS"} = "char *";
          generate_init( {
            type          => "char *",
            num           => 1,
            var           => "CLASS",
            printed_name  => undef,
          } );
        }
        else {
          print "\t$class *";
          $self->{var_types}->{"THIS"} = "$class *";
          generate_init( {
            type          => "$class *",
            num           => 1,
            var           => "THIS",
            printed_name  => undef,
          } );
        }
      }

      # These are set if OUTPUT is found and/or CODE using RETVAL
      $self->{have_OUTPUT} = $self->{have_CODE_with_RETVAL} = 0;

      my ($wantRETVAL);
      # do code
      if (/^\s*NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET/) {
        print "\n\tPerl_croak(aTHX_ \"$pname: not implemented yet\");\n";
        $_ = '';
      }
      else {
        if ($self->{ret_type} ne "void") {
          print "\t" . map_type($self, $self->{ret_type}, 'RETVAL') . ";\n"
            if !$self->{retvaldone};
          $self->{args_match}->{"RETVAL"} = 0;
          $self->{var_types}->{"RETVAL"} = $self->{ret_type};
          my $outputmap = $self->{typemap}->get_outputmap( ctype => $self->{ret_type} );
          print "\tdXSTARG;\n"
            if $self->{optimize} and $outputmap and $outputmap->targetable;
        }

        if (@fake_INPUT or @fake_INPUT_pre) {
          unshift @{ $self->{line} }, @fake_INPUT_pre, @fake_INPUT, $_;
          $_ = "";
          $self->{processing_arg_with_types} = 1;
          $self->INPUT_handler($_);
        }
        print $self->{deferred};

        $self->process_keyword("INIT|ALIAS|ATTRS|PROTOTYPE|INTERFACE_MACRO|INTERFACE|C_ARGS|OVERLOAD");

        if ($self->check_keyword("PPCODE")) {
          $self->print_section();
          $self->death("PPCODE must be last thing") if @{ $self->{line} };
          print "\tLEAVE;\n" if $self->{ScopeThisXSUB};
          print "\tPUTBACK;\n\treturn;\n";
        }
        elsif ($self->check_keyword("CODE")) {
          my $consumed_code = $self->print_section();
          if ($consumed_code =~ /\bRETVAL\b/) {
            $self->{have_CODE_with_RETVAL} = 1;
          }
        }
        elsif (defined($class) and $func_name eq "DESTROY") {
          print "\n\t";
          print "delete THIS;\n";
        }
        else {
          print "\n\t";
          if ($self->{ret_type} ne "void") {
            print "RETVAL = ";
            $wantRETVAL = 1;
          }
          if (defined($static)) {
            if ($func_name eq 'new') {
              $func_name = "$class";
            }
            else {
              print "${class}::";
            }
          }
          elsif (defined($class)) {
            if ($func_name eq 'new') {
              $func_name .= " $class";
            }
            else {
              print "THIS->";
            }
          }
          $func_name =~ s/^\Q$args{'s'}//
            if exists $args{'s'};
          $func_name = 'XSFUNCTION' if $self->{interface};
          print "$func_name($self->{func_args});\n";
        }
      }

      # do output variables
      $self->{gotRETVAL} = 0;        # 1 if RETVAL seen in OUTPUT section;
      undef $self->{RETVAL_code} ;    # code to set RETVAL (from OUTPUT section);
      # $wantRETVAL set if 'RETVAL =' autogenerated
      ($wantRETVAL, $self->{ret_type}) = (0, 'void') if $RETVAL_no_return;
      undef %{ $self->{outargs} };

      $self->process_keyword("POSTCALL|OUTPUT|ALIAS|ATTRS|PROTOTYPE|OVERLOAD");

      # A CODE section with RETVAL, but no OUTPUT? FAIL!
      if ($self->{have_CODE_with_RETVAL} and not $self->{have_OUTPUT} and $self->{ret_type} ne 'void') {
        $self->Warn("Warning: Found a 'CODE' section which seems to be using 'RETVAL' but no 'OUTPUT' section.");
      }

      generate_output( {
        type        => $self->{var_types}->{$_},
        num         => $self->{args_match}->{$_},
        var         => $_,
        do_setmagic => $self->{DoSetMagic},
        do_push     => undef,
      } ) for grep $self->{in_out}->{$_} =~ /OUT$/, keys %{ $self->{in_out} };

      my $prepush_done;
      # all OUTPUT done, so now push the return value on the stack
      if ($self->{gotRETVAL} && $self->{RETVAL_code}) {
        print "\t$self->{RETVAL_code}\n";
      }
      elsif ($self->{gotRETVAL} || $wantRETVAL) {
        my $outputmap = $self->{typemap}->get_outputmap( ctype => $self->{ret_type} );
        my $t = $self->{optimize} && $outputmap && $outputmap->targetable;
        # Although the '$var' declared in the next line is never explicitly
        # used within this 'elsif' block, commenting it out leads to
        # disaster, starting with the first 'eval qq' inside the 'elsif' block
        # below.
        # It appears that this is related to the fact that at this point the
        # value of $t is a reference to an array whose [2] element includes
        # '$var' as a substring:
        # <i> <> <(IV)$var>
        my $var = 'RETVAL';
        my $type = $self->{ret_type};

        if ($t and not $t->{with_size} and $t->{type} eq 'p') {
          # PUSHp corresponds to setpvn.  Treat setpv directly
          my $what = eval qq("$t->{what}");
          warn $@ if $@;

          print "\tsv_setpv(TARG, $what); XSprePUSH; PUSHTARG;\n";
          $prepush_done = 1;
        }
        elsif ($t) {
          my $what = eval qq("$t->{what}");
          warn $@ if $@;

          my $tsize = $t->{what_size};
          $tsize = '' unless defined $tsize;
          $tsize = eval qq("$tsize");
          warn $@ if $@;
          print "\tXSprePUSH; PUSH$t->{type}($what$tsize);\n";
          $prepush_done = 1;
        }
        else {
          # RETVAL almost never needs SvSETMAGIC()
          generate_output( {
            type        => $self->{ret_type},
            num         => 0,
            var         => 'RETVAL',
            do_setmagic => 0,
            do_push     => undef,
          } );
        }
      }

      $xsreturn = 1 if $self->{ret_type} ne "void";
      my $num = $xsreturn;
      my $c = @{ $outlist_ref };
      print "\tXSprePUSH;" if $c and not $prepush_done;
      print "\tEXTEND(SP,$c);\n" if $c;
      $xsreturn += $c;
      generate_output( {
        type        => $self->{var_types}->{$_},
        num         => $num++,
        var         => $_,
        do_setmagic => 0,
        do_push     => 1,
      } ) for @{ $outlist_ref };

      # do cleanup
      $self->process_keyword("CLEANUP|ALIAS|ATTRS|PROTOTYPE|OVERLOAD");

      print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{ScopeThisXSUB};
#   ]]
EOF
      print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{ScopeThisXSUB} and not $PPCODE;
#   LEAVE;
EOF

      # print function trailer
      print Q(<<"EOF");
#    ]]
EOF
      print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{except};
#    BEGHANDLERS
#    CATCHALL
#    sprintf(errbuf, "%s: %s\\tpropagated", Xname, Xreason);
#    ENDHANDLERS
EOF
      if ($self->check_keyword("CASE")) {
        $self->blurt("Error: No 'CASE:' at top of function")
          unless $self->{condnum};
        $_ = "CASE: $_";    # Restore CASE: label
        next;
      }
      last if $_ eq "$END:";
      $self->death(/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o ? "Misplaced '$1:'" : "Junk at end of function ($_)");
    }

    print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{except};
#    if (errbuf[0])
#    Perl_croak(aTHX_ errbuf);
EOF

    if ($xsreturn) {
      print Q(<<"EOF") unless $PPCODE;
#    XSRETURN($xsreturn);
EOF
    }
    else {
      print Q(<<"EOF") unless $PPCODE;
#    XSRETURN_EMPTY;
EOF
    }

    print Q(<<"EOF");
#]]
#
EOF

    $self->{newXS} = "newXS";
    $self->{proto} = "";

    # Build the prototype string for the xsub
    if ($self->{ProtoThisXSUB}) {
      $self->{newXS} = "newXSproto_portable";

      if ($self->{ProtoThisXSUB} eq 2) {
        # User has specified empty prototype
      }
      elsif ($self->{ProtoThisXSUB} eq 1) {
        my $s = ';';
        if ($min_args < $num_args)  {
          $s = '';
          $self->{proto_arg}->[$min_args] .= ";";
        }
        push @{ $self->{proto_arg} }, "$s\@"
          if $ellipsis;

        $self->{proto} = join ("", grep defined, @{ $self->{proto_arg} } );
      }
      else {
        # User has specified a prototype
        $self->{proto} = $self->{ProtoThisXSUB};
      }
      $self->{proto} = qq{, "$self->{proto}"};
    }

    if (%{ $self->{XsubAliases} }) {
      $self->{XsubAliases}->{$pname} = 0
        unless defined $self->{XsubAliases}->{$pname};
      while ( my ($xname, $value) = each %{ $self->{XsubAliases} }) {
        push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} }, Q(<<"EOF"));
#        cv = $self->{newXS}(\"$xname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$self->{proto});
#        XSANY.any_i32 = $value;
EOF
      }
    }
    elsif (@{ $self->{Attributes} }) {
      push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} }, Q(<<"EOF"));
#        cv = $self->{newXS}(\"$pname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$self->{proto});
#        apply_attrs_string("$Package", cv, "@{ $self->{Attributes} }", 0);
EOF
    }
    elsif ($self->{interface}) {
      while ( my ($yname, $value) = each %{ $self->{Interfaces} }) {
        $yname = "$Package\::$yname" unless $yname =~ /::/;
        push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} }, Q(<<"EOF"));
#        cv = $self->{newXS}(\"$yname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$self->{proto});
#        $self->{interface_macro_set}(cv,$value);
EOF
      }
    }
    elsif($self->{newXS} eq 'newXS'){ # work around P5NCI's empty newXS macro
      push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} },
       "        $self->{newXS}(\"$pname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$self->{proto});\n");
    }
    else {
      push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} },
       "        (void)$self->{newXS}(\"$pname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$self->{proto});\n");
    }
  } # END 'PARAGRAPH' 'while' loop

  if ($self->{Overload}) { # make it findable with fetchmethod
    print Q(<<"EOF");
#XS_EUPXS(XS_$self->{Packid}_nil); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
#XS_EUPXS(XS_$self->{Packid}_nil)
#{
#   dXSARGS;
#   XSRETURN_EMPTY;
#}
#
EOF
    unshift(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} }, <<"MAKE_FETCHMETHOD_WORK");
    /* Making a sub named "${Package}::()" allows the package */
    /* to be findable via fetchmethod(), and causes */
    /* overload::Overloaded("${Package}") to return true. */
    (void)$self->{newXS}("${Package}::()", XS_$self->{Packid}_nil, file$self->{proto});
MAKE_FETCHMETHOD_WORK
  }

  # print initialization routine

  print Q(<<"EOF");
##ifdef __cplusplus
#extern "C"
##endif
EOF

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#XS_EXTERNAL(boot_$self->{Module_cname}); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
#XS_EXTERNAL(boot_$self->{Module_cname})
EOF

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#[[
#    dVAR; dXSARGS;
EOF

  #Under 5.8.x and lower, newXS is declared in proto.h as expecting a non-const
  #file name argument. If the wrong qualifier is used, it causes breakage with
  #C++ compilers and warnings with recent gcc.
  #-Wall: if there is no $Full_func_name there are no xsubs in this .xs
  #so 'file' is unused
  print Q(<<"EOF") if $Full_func_name;
##if (PERL_REVISION == 5 && PERL_VERSION < 9)
#    char* file = __FILE__;
##else
#    const char* file = __FILE__;
##endif
EOF

  print Q("#\n");

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv); /* -W */
#    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(items); /* -W */
##ifdef XS_APIVERSION_BOOTCHECK
#    XS_APIVERSION_BOOTCHECK;
##endif
EOF

  print Q(<<"EOF") if $self->{WantVersionChk};
#    XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
#
EOF

  print Q(<<"EOF") if defined $self->{xsubaliases} or defined $self->{interfaces};
#    {
#        CV * cv;
#
EOF

  print Q(<<"EOF") if ($self->{Overload});
#    /* register the overloading (type 'A') magic */
##if (PERL_REVISION == 5 && PERL_VERSION < 9)
#    PL_amagic_generation++;
##endif
#    /* The magic for overload gets a GV* via gv_fetchmeth as */
#    /* mentioned above, and looks in the SV* slot of it for */
#    /* the "fallback" status. */
#    sv_setsv(
#        get_sv( "${Package}::()", TRUE ),
#        $self->{Fallback}
#    );
EOF

  print @{ $self->{InitFileCode} };

  print Q(<<"EOF") if defined $self->{xsubaliases} or defined $self->{interfaces};
#    }
EOF

  if (@{ $BootCode_ref }) {
    print "\n    /* Initialisation Section */\n\n";
    @{ $self->{line} } = @{ $BootCode_ref };
    $self->print_section();
    print "\n    /* End of Initialisation Section */\n\n";
  }

  print Q(<<'EOF');
##if (PERL_REVISION == 5 && PERL_VERSION >= 9)
#  if (PL_unitcheckav)
#       call_list(PL_scopestack_ix, PL_unitcheckav);
##endif
EOF

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#    XSRETURN_YES;
#]]
#
EOF

  warn("Please specify prototyping behavior for $self->{filename} (see perlxs manual)\n")
    unless $self->{ProtoUsed};

  chdir($orig_cwd);
  select($orig_fh);
  untie *PSEUDO_STDOUT if tied *PSEUDO_STDOUT;
  close $self->{FH};

  return 1;
}

sub report_error_count { $self->{errors} }

# Input:  ($self, $_, @{ $self->{line} }) == unparsed input.
# Output: ($_, @{ $self->{line} }) == (rest of line, following lines).
# Return: the matched keyword if found, otherwise 0
sub check_keyword {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} }) while !/\S/ && @{ $self->{line} };
  s/^(\s*)($_[0])\s*:\s*(?:#.*)?/$1/s && $2;
}

sub print_section {
  my $self = shift;

  # the "do" is required for right semantics
  do { $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} }) } while !/\S/ && @{ $self->{line} };

  my $consumed_code = '';

  print("#line ", $self->{line_no}->[@{ $self->{line_no} } - @{ $self->{line} } -1], " \"",
        escape_file_for_line_directive($self->{filepathname}), "\"\n")
    if $self->{WantLineNumbers} && !/^\s*#\s*line\b/ && !/^#if XSubPPtmp/;
  for (;  defined($_) && !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    print "$_\n";
    $consumed_code .= "$_\n";
  }
  print 'ExtUtils::ParseXS::CountLines'->end_marker, "\n" if $self->{WantLineNumbers};

  return $consumed_code;
}

sub merge_section {
  my $self = shift;
  my $in = '';

  while (!/\S/ && @{ $self->{line} }) {
    $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} });
  }

  for (;  defined($_) && !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    $in .= "$_\n";
  }
  chomp $in;
  return $in;
}

sub process_keyword {
  my($self, $pattern) = @_;

  while (my $kwd = $self->check_keyword($pattern)) {
    my $method = $kwd . "_handler";
    $self->$method($_);
  }
}

sub CASE_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  $self->blurt("Error: 'CASE:' after unconditional 'CASE:'")
    if $self->{condnum} && $self->{cond} eq '';
  $self->{cond} = $_;
  trim_whitespace($self->{cond});
  print "   ", ($self->{condnum}++ ? " else" : ""), ($self->{cond} ? " if ($self->{cond})\n" : "\n");
  $_ = '';
}

sub INPUT_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  for (;  !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    last if /^\s*NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET/;
    next unless /\S/;        # skip blank lines

    trim_whitespace($_);
    my $ln = $_;

    # remove trailing semicolon if no initialisation
    s/\s*;$//g unless /[=;+].*\S/;

    # Process the length(foo) declarations
    if (s/^([^=]*)\blength\(\s*(\w+)\s*\)\s*$/$1 XSauto_length_of_$2=NO_INIT/x) {
      print "\tSTRLEN\tSTRLEN_length_of_$2;\n";
      $self->{lengthof}->{$2} = undef;
      $self->{deferred} .= "\n\tXSauto_length_of_$2 = STRLEN_length_of_$2;\n";
    }

    # check for optional initialisation code
    my $var_init = '';
    $var_init = $1 if s/\s*([=;+].*)$//s;
    $var_init =~ s/"/\\"/g;
    # *sigh* It's valid to supply explicit input typemaps in the argument list...
    my $is_overridden_typemap = $var_init =~ /ST\s*\(|\$arg\b/;

    s/\s+/ /g;
    my ($var_type, $var_addr, $var_name) = /^(.*?[^&\s])\s*(\&?)\s*\b(\w+)$/s
      or $self->blurt("Error: invalid argument declaration '$ln'"), next;

    # Check for duplicate definitions
    $self->blurt("Error: duplicate definition of argument '$var_name' ignored"), next
      if $self->{arg_list}->{$var_name}++
        or defined $self->{argtype_seen}->{$var_name} and not $self->{processing_arg_with_types};

    $self->{thisdone} |= $var_name eq "THIS";
    $self->{retvaldone} |= $var_name eq "RETVAL";
    $self->{var_types}->{$var_name} = $var_type;
    # XXXX This check is a safeguard against the unfinished conversion of
    # generate_init().  When generate_init() is fixed,
    # one can use 2-args map_type() unconditionally.
    my $printed_name;
    if ($var_type =~ / \( \s* \* \s* \) /x) {
      # Function pointers are not yet supported with output_init()!
      print "\t" . map_type($self, $var_type, $var_name);
      $printed_name = 1;
    }
    else {
      print "\t" . map_type($self, $var_type, undef);
      $printed_name = 0;
    }
    $self->{var_num} = $self->{args_match}->{$var_name};

    if ($self->{var_num}) {
      my $typemap = $self->{typemap}->get_typemap(ctype => $var_type);
      $self->report_typemap_failure($self->{typemap}, $var_type, "death")
        if not $typemap and not $is_overridden_typemap;
      $self->{proto_arg}->[$self->{var_num}] = ($typemap && $typemap->proto) || "\$";
    }
    $self->{func_args} =~ s/\b($var_name)\b/&$1/ if $var_addr;
    if ($var_init =~ /^[=;]\s*NO_INIT\s*;?\s*$/
      or $self->{in_out}->{$var_name} and $self->{in_out}->{$var_name} =~ /^OUT/
      and $var_init !~ /\S/) {
      if ($printed_name) {
        print ";\n";
      }
      else {
        print "\t$var_name;\n";
      }
    }
    elsif ($var_init =~ /\S/) {
      output_init( {
        type          => $var_type,
        num           => $self->{var_num},
        var           => $var_name,
        init          => $var_init,
        printed_name  => $printed_name,
      } );
    }
    elsif ($self->{var_num}) {
      generate_init( {
        type          => $var_type,
        num           => $self->{var_num},
        var           => $var_name,
        printed_name  => $printed_name,
      } );
    }
    else {
      print ";\n";
    }
  }
}

sub OUTPUT_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{have_OUTPUT} = 1;

  $_ = shift;
  for (;  !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    next unless /\S/;
    if (/^\s*SETMAGIC\s*:\s*(ENABLE|DISABLE)\s*/) {
      $self->{DoSetMagic} = ($1 eq "ENABLE" ? 1 : 0);
      next;
    }
    my ($outarg, $outcode) = /^\s*(\S+)\s*(.*?)\s*$/s;
    $self->blurt("Error: duplicate OUTPUT argument '$outarg' ignored"), next
      if $self->{outargs}->{$outarg}++;
    if (!$self->{gotRETVAL} and $outarg eq 'RETVAL') {
      # deal with RETVAL last
      $self->{RETVAL_code} = $outcode;
      $self->{gotRETVAL} = 1;
      next;
    }
    $self->blurt("Error: OUTPUT $outarg not an argument"), next
      unless defined($self->{args_match}->{$outarg});
    $self->blurt("Error: No input definition for OUTPUT argument '$outarg' - ignored"), next
      unless defined $self->{var_types}->{$outarg};
    $self->{var_num} = $self->{args_match}->{$outarg};
    if ($outcode) {
      print "\t$outcode\n";
      print "\tSvSETMAGIC(ST(" , $self->{var_num} - 1 , "));\n" if $self->{DoSetMagic};
    }
    else {
      generate_output( {
        type        => $self->{var_types}->{$outarg},
        num         => $self->{var_num},
        var         => $outarg,
        do_setmagic => $self->{DoSetMagic},
        do_push     => undef,
      } );
    }
    delete $self->{in_out}->{$outarg}     # No need to auto-OUTPUT
      if exists $self->{in_out}->{$outarg} and $self->{in_out}->{$outarg} =~ /OUT$/;
  }
}

sub C_ARGS_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  my $in = $self->merge_section();

  trim_whitespace($in);
  $self->{func_args} = $in;
}

sub INTERFACE_MACRO_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  my $in = $self->merge_section();

  trim_whitespace($in);
  if ($in =~ /\s/) {        # two
    ($self->{interface_macro}, $self->{interface_macro_set}) = split ' ', $in;
  }
  else {
    $self->{interface_macro} = $in;
    $self->{interface_macro_set} = 'UNKNOWN_CVT'; # catch later
  }
  $self->{interface} = 1;        # local
  $self->{interfaces} = 1;        # global
}

sub INTERFACE_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  my $in = $self->merge_section();

  trim_whitespace($in);

  foreach (split /[\s,]+/, $in) {
    my $iface_name = $_;
    $iface_name =~ s/^$self->{Prefix}//;
    $self->{Interfaces}->{$iface_name} = $_;
  }
  print Q(<<"EOF");
#    XSFUNCTION = $self->{interface_macro}($self->{ret_type},cv,XSANY.any_dptr);
EOF
  $self->{interface} = 1;        # local
  $self->{interfaces} = 1;        # global
}

sub CLEANUP_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->print_section();
}

sub PREINIT_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->print_section();
}

sub POSTCALL_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->print_section();
}

sub INIT_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->print_section();
}

sub get_aliases {
  my $self = shift;
  my ($line) = @_;
  my ($orig) = $line;

  # Parse alias definitions
  # format is
  #    alias = value alias = value ...

  while ($line =~ s/^\s*([\w:]+)\s*=\s*(\w+)\s*//) {
    my ($alias, $value) = ($1, $2);
    my $orig_alias = $alias;

    # check for optional package definition in the alias
    $alias = $self->{Packprefix} . $alias if $alias !~ /::/;

    # check for duplicate alias name & duplicate value
    Warn( $self, "Warning: Ignoring duplicate alias '$orig_alias'")
      if defined $self->{XsubAliases}->{$alias};

    Warn( $self, "Warning: Aliases '$orig_alias' and '$self->{XsubAliasValues}->{$value}' have identical values")
      if $self->{XsubAliasValues}->{$value};

    $self->{xsubaliases} = 1;
    $self->{XsubAliases}->{$alias} = $value;
    $self->{XsubAliasValues}->{$value} = $orig_alias;
  }

  blurt( $self, "Error: Cannot parse ALIAS definitions from '$orig'")
    if $line;
}

sub ATTRS_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  for (;  !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    next unless /\S/;
    trim_whitespace($_);
    push @{ $self->{Attributes} }, $_;
  }
}

sub ALIAS_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  for (;  !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    next unless /\S/;
    trim_whitespace($_);
    $self->get_aliases($_) if $_;
  }
}

sub OVERLOAD_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  for (;  !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    next unless /\S/;
    trim_whitespace($_);
    while ( s/^\s*([\w:"\\)\+\-\*\/\%\<\>\.\&\|\^\!\~\{\}\=]+)\s*//) {
      $self->{Overload} = 1 unless $self->{Overload};
      my $overload = "$Package\::(".$1;
      push(@{ $self->{InitFileCode} },
       "        (void)$self->{newXS}(\"$overload\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$self->{proto});\n");
    }
  }
}

sub FALLBACK_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  # the rest of the current line should contain either TRUE,
  # FALSE or UNDEF

  trim_whitespace($_);
  my %map = (
    TRUE => "&PL_sv_yes", 1 => "&PL_sv_yes",
    FALSE => "&PL_sv_no", 0 => "&PL_sv_no",
    UNDEF => "&PL_sv_undef",
  );

  # check for valid FALLBACK value
  $self->death("Error: FALLBACK: TRUE/FALSE/UNDEF") unless exists $map{uc $_};

  $self->{Fallback} = $map{uc $_};
}


sub REQUIRE_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  # the rest of the current line should contain a version number
  my $Ver = shift;

  trim_whitespace($Ver);

  $self->death("Error: REQUIRE expects a version number")
    unless $Ver;

  # check that the version number is of the form n.n
  $self->death("Error: REQUIRE: expected a number, got '$Ver'")
    unless $Ver =~ /^\d+(\.\d*)?/;

  $self->death("Error: xsubpp $Ver (or better) required--this is only $VERSION.")
    unless $VERSION >= $Ver;
}

sub VERSIONCHECK_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  # the rest of the current line should contain either ENABLE or
  # DISABLE

  trim_whitespace($_);

  # check for ENABLE/DISABLE
  $self->death("Error: VERSIONCHECK: ENABLE/DISABLE")
    unless /^(ENABLE|DISABLE)/i;

  $self->{WantVersionChk} = 1 if $1 eq 'ENABLE';
  $self->{WantVersionChk} = 0 if $1 eq 'DISABLE';

}

sub PROTOTYPE_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  my $specified;

  $self->death("Error: Only 1 PROTOTYPE definition allowed per xsub")
    if $self->{proto_in_this_xsub}++;

  for (;  !/^$self->{BLOCK_re}/o;  $_ = shift(@{ $self->{line} })) {
    next unless /\S/;
    $specified = 1;
    trim_whitespace($_);
    if ($_ eq 'DISABLE') {
      $self->{ProtoThisXSUB} = 0;
    }
    elsif ($_ eq 'ENABLE') {
      $self->{ProtoThisXSUB} = 1;
    }
    else {
      # remove any whitespace
      s/\s+//g;
      $self->death("Error: Invalid prototype '$_'")
        unless valid_proto_string($_);
      $self->{ProtoThisXSUB} = C_string($_);
    }
  }

  # If no prototype specified, then assume empty prototype ""
  $self->{ProtoThisXSUB} = 2 unless $specified;

  $self->{ProtoUsed} = 1;
}

sub SCOPE_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  $self->death("Error: Only 1 SCOPE declaration allowed per xsub")
    if $self->{scope_in_this_xsub}++;

  trim_whitespace($_);
  $self->death("Error: SCOPE: ENABLE/DISABLE")
      unless /^(ENABLE|DISABLE)\b/i;
  $self->{ScopeThisXSUB} = ( uc($1) eq 'ENABLE' );
}

sub PROTOTYPES_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  # the rest of the current line should contain either ENABLE or
  # DISABLE

  trim_whitespace($_);

  # check for ENABLE/DISABLE
  $self->death("Error: PROTOTYPES: ENABLE/DISABLE")
    unless /^(ENABLE|DISABLE)/i;

  $self->{WantPrototypes} = 1 if $1 eq 'ENABLE';
  $self->{WantPrototypes} = 0 if $1 eq 'DISABLE';
  $self->{ProtoUsed} = 1;
}

sub EXPORT_XSUB_SYMBOLS_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;

  # the rest of the current line should contain either ENABLE or
  # DISABLE

  trim_whitespace($_);

  # check for ENABLE/DISABLE
  $self->death("Error: EXPORT_XSUB_SYMBOLS: ENABLE/DISABLE")
    unless /^(ENABLE|DISABLE)/i;

  my $xs_impl = $1 eq 'ENABLE' ? 'XS_EXTERNAL' : 'XS_INTERNAL';

  print Q(<<"EOF");
##undef XS_EUPXS
##if defined(PERL_EUPXS_ALWAYS_EXPORT)
##  define XS_EUPXS(name) XS_EXTERNAL(name)
##elif defined(PERL_EUPXS_NEVER_EXPORT)
##  define XS_EUPXS(name) XS_INTERNAL(name)
##else
##  define XS_EUPXS(name) $xs_impl(name)
##endif
EOF
}


sub PushXSStack {
  my $self = shift;
  my %args = @_;
  # Save the current file context.
  push(@{ $self->{XSStack} }, {
          type            => 'file',
          LastLine        => $self->{lastline},
          LastLineNo      => $self->{lastline_no},
          Line            => $self->{line},
          LineNo          => $self->{line_no},
          Filename        => $self->{filename},
          Filepathname    => $self->{filepathname},
          Handle          => $self->{FH},
          IsPipe          => scalar($self->{filename} =~ /\|\s*$/),
          %args,
         });

}

sub INCLUDE_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  # the rest of the current line should contain a valid filename

  trim_whitespace($_);

  $self->death("INCLUDE: filename missing")
    unless $_;

  $self->death("INCLUDE: output pipe is illegal")
    if /^\s*\|/;

  # simple minded recursion detector
  $self->death("INCLUDE loop detected")
    if $self->{IncludedFiles}->{$_};

  ++$self->{IncludedFiles}->{$_} unless /\|\s*$/;

  if (/\|\s*$/ && /^\s*perl\s/) {
    Warn( $self, "The INCLUDE directive with a command is discouraged." .
          " Use INCLUDE_COMMAND instead! In particular using 'perl'" .
          " in an 'INCLUDE: ... |' directive is not guaranteed to pick" .
          " up the correct perl. The INCLUDE_COMMAND directive allows" .
          " the use of \$^X as the currently running perl, see" .
          " 'perldoc perlxs' for details.");
  }

  $self->PushXSStack();

  $self->{FH} = Symbol::gensym();

  # open the new file
  open($self->{FH}, $_) or $self->death("Cannot open '$_': $!");

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#
#/* INCLUDE:  Including '$_' from '$self->{filename}' */
#
EOF

  $self->{filename} = $_;
  $self->{filepathname} = ( $^O =~ /^mswin/i )
                          ? qq($self->{dir}/$self->{filename}) # See CPAN RT #61908: gcc doesn't like backslashes on win32?
                          : File::Spec->catfile($self->{dir}, $self->{filename});

  # Prime the pump by reading the first
  # non-blank line

  # skip leading blank lines
  while (readline($self->{FH})) {
    last unless /^\s*$/;
  }

  $self->{lastline} = $_;
  $self->{lastline_no} = $.;
}

sub QuoteArgs {
  my $cmd = shift;
  my @args = split /\s+/, $cmd;
  $cmd = shift @args;
  for (@args) {
    $_ = q(").$_.q(") if !/^\"/ && length($_) > 0;
  }
  return join (' ', ($cmd, @args));
}

sub INCLUDE_COMMAND_handler {
  my $self = shift;
  $_ = shift;
  # the rest of the current line should contain a valid command

  trim_whitespace($_);

  $_ = QuoteArgs($_) if $^O eq 'VMS';

  $self->death("INCLUDE_COMMAND: command missing")
    unless $_;

  $self->death("INCLUDE_COMMAND: pipes are illegal")
    if /^\s*\|/ or /\|\s*$/;

  $self->PushXSStack( IsPipe => 1 );

  $self->{FH} = Symbol::gensym();

  # If $^X is used in INCLUDE_COMMAND, we know it's supposed to be
  # the same perl interpreter as we're currently running
  s/^\s*\$\^X/$^X/;

  # open the new file
  open ($self->{FH}, "-|", $_)
    or $self->death( $self, "Cannot run command '$_' to include its output: $!");

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#
#/* INCLUDE_COMMAND:  Including output of '$_' from '$self->{filename}' */
#
EOF

  $self->{filename} = $_;
  $self->{filepathname} = $self->{filename};
  #$self->{filepathname} =~ s/\"/\\"/g; # Fails? See CPAN RT #53938: MinGW Broken after 2.21
  $self->{filepathname} =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; # Works according to reporter of #53938

  # Prime the pump by reading the first
  # non-blank line

  # skip leading blank lines
  while (readline($self->{FH})) {
    last unless /^\s*$/;
  }

  $self->{lastline} = $_;
  $self->{lastline_no} = $.;
}

sub PopFile {
  my $self = shift;

  return 0 unless $self->{XSStack}->[-1]{type} eq 'file';

  my $data     = pop @{ $self->{XSStack} };
  my $ThisFile = $self->{filename};
  my $isPipe   = $data->{IsPipe};

  --$self->{IncludedFiles}->{$self->{filename}}
    unless $isPipe;

  close $self->{FH};

  $self->{FH}         = $data->{Handle};
  # $filename is the leafname, which for some reason isused for diagnostic
  # messages, whereas $filepathname is the full pathname, and is used for
  # #line directives.
  $self->{filename}   = $data->{Filename};
  $self->{filepathname} = $data->{Filepathname};
  $self->{lastline}   = $data->{LastLine};
  $self->{lastline_no} = $data->{LastLineNo};
  @{ $self->{line} }       = @{ $data->{Line} };
  @{ $self->{line_no} }    = @{ $data->{LineNo} };

  if ($isPipe and $? ) {
    --$self->{lastline_no};
    print STDERR "Error reading from pipe '$ThisFile': $! in $self->{filename}, line $self->{lastline_no}\n" ;
    exit 1;
  }

  print Q(<<"EOF");
#
#/* INCLUDE: Returning to '$self->{filename}' from '$ThisFile' */
#
EOF

  return 1;
}

sub Q {
  my($text) = @_;
  $text =~ s/^#//gm;
  $text =~ s/\[\[/{/g;
  $text =~ s/\]\]/}/g;
  $text;
}

# Read next xsub into @{ $self->{line} } from ($lastline, readline($self->{FH})).
sub fetch_para {
  my $self = shift;

  # parse paragraph
  $self->death("Error: Unterminated '#if/#ifdef/#ifndef'")
    if !defined $self->{lastline} && $self->{XSStack}->[-1]{type} eq 'if';
  @{ $self->{line} } = ();
  @{ $self->{line_no} } = ();
  return $self->PopFile() if !defined $self->{lastline};

  if ($self->{lastline} =~
      /^MODULE\s*=\s*([\w:]+)(?:\s+PACKAGE\s*=\s*([\w:]+))?(?:\s+PREFIX\s*=\s*(\S+))?\s*$/) {
    my $Module = $1;
    $Package = defined($2) ? $2 : ''; # keep -w happy
    $self->{Prefix}  = defined($3) ? $3 : ''; # keep -w happy
    $self->{Prefix} = quotemeta $self->{Prefix};
    ($self->{Module_cname} = $Module) =~ s/\W/_/g;
    ($self->{Packid} = $Package) =~ tr/:/_/;
    $self->{Packprefix} = $Package;
    $self->{Packprefix} .= "::" if $self->{Packprefix} ne "";
    $self->{lastline} = "";
  }

  for (;;) {
    # Skip embedded PODs
    while ($self->{lastline} =~ /^=/) {
      while ($self->{lastline} = readline($self->{FH})) {
        last if ($self->{lastline} =~ /^=cut\s*$/);
      }
      $self->death("Error: Unterminated pod") unless $self->{lastline};
      $self->{lastline} = readline($self->{FH});
      chomp $self->{lastline};
      $self->{lastline} =~ s/^\s+$//;
    }

    # This chunk of code strips out (and parses) embedded TYPEMAP blocks
    # which support a HEREdoc-alike block syntax.
    # This is special cased from the usual paragraph-handler logic
    # due to the HEREdoc-ish syntax.
    if ($self->{lastline} =~ /^TYPEMAP\s*:\s*<<\s*(?:(["'])(.+?)\1|([^\s'"]+))\s*;?\s*$/) {
      my $end_marker = quotemeta(defined($1) ? $2 : $3);
      my @tmaplines;
      while (1) {
        $self->{lastline} = readline($self->{FH});
        $self->death("Error: Unterminated typemap") if not defined $self->{lastline};
        last if $self->{lastline} =~ /^$end_marker\s*$/;
        push @tmaplines, $self->{lastline};
      }

      my $tmapcode = join "", @tmaplines;
      my $tmap = ExtUtils::Typemaps->new(
        string => $tmapcode,
        lineno_offset => ($self->current_line_number()||0)+1,
        fake_filename => $self->{filename},
      );
      $self->{typemap}->merge(typemap => $tmap, replace => 1);

      $self->{lastline} = "";
    }

    if ($self->{lastline} !~ /^\s*#/ ||
    # CPP directives:
    #    ANSI:    if ifdef ifndef elif else endif define undef
    #        line error pragma
    #    gcc:    warning include_next
    #   obj-c:    import
    #   others:    ident (gcc notes that some cpps have this one)
    $self->{lastline} =~ /^#[ \t]*(?:(?:if|ifn?def|elif|else|endif|define|undef|pragma|error|warning|line\s+\d+|ident)\b|(?:include(?:_next)?|import)\s*["<].*[>"])/) {
      last if $self->{lastline} =~ /^\S/ && @{ $self->{line} } && $self->{line}->[-1] eq "";
      push(@{ $self->{line} }, $self->{lastline});
      push(@{ $self->{line_no} }, $self->{lastline_no});
    }

    # Read next line and continuation lines
    last unless defined($self->{lastline} = readline($self->{FH}));
    $self->{lastline_no} = $.;
    my $tmp_line;
    $self->{lastline} .= $tmp_line
      while ($self->{lastline} =~ /\\$/ && defined($tmp_line = readline($self->{FH})));

    chomp $self->{lastline};
    $self->{lastline} =~ s/^\s+$//;
  }
  pop(@{ $self->{line} }), pop(@{ $self->{line_no} }) while @{ $self->{line} } && $self->{line}->[-1] eq "";
  1;
}

sub output_init {
  my $argsref = shift;
  my ($type, $num, $var, $init, $printed_name) = (
    $argsref->{type},
    $argsref->{num},
    $argsref->{var},
    $argsref->{init},
    $argsref->{printed_name}
  );
  my $arg = $num ? "ST(" . ($num - 1) . ")" : "/* not a parameter */";

  if (  $init =~ /^=/  ) {
    if ($printed_name) {
      eval qq/print " $init\\n"/;
    }
    else {
      eval qq/print "\\t$var $init\\n"/;
    }
    warn $@ if $@;
  }
  else {
    if (  $init =~ s/^\+//  &&  $num  ) {
      generate_init( {
        type          => $type,
        num           => $num,
        var           => $var,
        printed_name  => $printed_name,
      } );
    }
    elsif ($printed_name) {
      print ";\n";
      $init =~ s/^;//;
    }
    else {
      eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
      warn $@ if $@;
      $init =~ s/^;//;
    }
    $self->{deferred} .= eval qq/"\\n\\t$init\\n"/;
    warn $@ if $@;
  }
}

sub generate_init {
  my $argsref = shift;
  my ($type, $num, $var, $printed_name) = (
    $argsref->{type},
    $argsref->{num},
    $argsref->{var},
    $argsref->{printed_name},
  );
  my $arg = "ST(" . ($num - 1) . ")";
  my ($argoff, $ntype);
  $argoff = $num - 1;

  my $typemaps = $self->{typemap};

  $type = tidy_type($type);
  $self->report_typemap_failure($typemaps, $type), return
    unless $typemaps->get_typemap(ctype => $type);

  ($ntype = $type) =~ s/\s*\*/Ptr/g;
  my $subtype;
  ($subtype = $ntype) =~ s/(?:Array)?(?:Ptr)?$//;
  my $typem = $typemaps->get_typemap(ctype => $type);
  my $xstype = $typem->xstype;
  $xstype =~ s/OBJ$/REF/ if $func_name =~ /DESTROY$/;
  if ($xstype eq 'T_PV' and exists $self->{lengthof}->{$var}) {
    print "\t$var" unless $printed_name;
    print " = ($type)SvPV($arg, STRLEN_length_of_$var);\n";
    die "default value not supported with length(NAME) supplied"
      if defined $self->{defaults}->{$var};
    return;
  }
  $type =~ tr/:/_/ unless $self->{hiertype};

  my $inputmap = $typemaps->get_inputmap(xstype => $xstype);
  $self->blurt("Error: No INPUT definition for type '$type', typekind '" . $type->xstype . "' found"), return
    unless defined $inputmap;

  my $expr = $inputmap->cleaned_code;
  # Note: This gruesome bit either needs heavy rethinking or documentation. I vote for the former. --Steffen
  if ($expr =~ /DO_ARRAY_ELEM/) {
    my $subtypemap  = $typemaps->get_typemap(ctype => $subtype);
    $self->report_typemap_failure($typemaps, $subtype), return
      if not $subtypemap;
    my $subinputmap = $typemaps->get_inputmap(xstype => $subtypemap->xstype);
    $self->blurt("Error: No INPUT definition for type '$subtype', typekind '" . $subtypemap->xstype . "' found"), return
      unless $subinputmap;
    my $subexpr = $subinputmap->cleaned_code;
    $subexpr =~ s/\$type/\$subtype/g;
    $subexpr =~ s/ntype/subtype/g;
    $subexpr =~ s/\$arg/ST(ix_$var)/g;
    $subexpr =~ s/\n\t/\n\t\t/g;
    $subexpr =~ s/is not of (.*\")/[arg %d] is not of $1, ix_$var + 1/g;
    $subexpr =~ s/\$var/${var}\[ix_$var - $argoff]/;
    $expr =~ s/DO_ARRAY_ELEM/$subexpr/;
  }
  if ($expr =~ m#/\*.*scope.*\*/#i) {  # "scope" in C comments
    $self->{ScopeThisXSUB} = 1;
  }
  if (defined($self->{defaults}->{$var})) {
    $expr =~ s/(\t+)/$1    /g;
    $expr =~ s/        /\t/g;
    if ($printed_name) {
      print ";\n";
    }
    else {
      eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
      warn $@ if $@;
    }
    if ($self->{defaults}->{$var} eq 'NO_INIT') {
      $self->{deferred} .= eval qq/"\\n\\tif (items >= $num) {\\n$expr;\\n\\t}\\n"/;
    }
    else {
      $self->{deferred} .= eval qq/"\\n\\tif (items < $num)\\n\\t    $var = $self->{defaults}->{$var};\\n\\telse {\\n$expr;\\n\\t}\\n"/;
    }
    warn $@ if $@;
  }
  elsif ($self->{ScopeThisXSUB} or $expr !~ /^\s*\$var =/) {
    if ($printed_name) {
      print ";\n";
    }
    else {
      eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
      warn $@ if $@;
    }
    $self->{deferred} .= eval qq/"\\n$expr;\\n"/;
    warn $@ if $@;
  }
  else {
    die "panic: do not know how to handle this branch for function pointers"
      if $printed_name;
    eval qq/print "$expr;\\n"/;
    warn $@ if $@;
  }
}

sub generate_output {
  my $argsref = shift;
  my ($type, $num, $var, $do_setmagic, $do_push) = (
    $argsref->{type},
    $argsref->{num},
    $argsref->{var},
    $argsref->{do_setmagic},
    $argsref->{do_push}
  );
  my $arg = "ST(" . ($num - ($num != 0)) . ")";
  my $ntype;

  my $typemaps = $self->{typemap};

  $type = tidy_type($type);
  if ($type =~ /^array\(([^,]*),(.*)\)/) {
    print "\t$arg = sv_newmortal();\n";
    print "\tsv_setpvn($arg, (char *)$var, $2 * sizeof($1));\n";
    print "\tSvSETMAGIC($arg);\n" if $do_setmagic;
  }
  else {
    my $typemap = $typemaps->get_typemap(ctype => $type);
    $self->report_typemap_failure($typemaps, $type), return
      if not $typemap;
    my $outputmap = $typemaps->get_outputmap(xstype => $typemap->xstype);
    $self->blurt("Error: No OUTPUT definition for type '$type', typekind '" . $typemap->xstype . "' found"), return
      unless $outputmap;
    ($ntype = $type) =~ s/\s*\*/Ptr/g;
    $ntype =~ s/\(\)//g;
    my $subtype;
    ($subtype = $ntype) =~ s/(?:Array)?(?:Ptr)?$//;

    my $expr = $outputmap->cleaned_code;
    if ($expr =~ /DO_ARRAY_ELEM/) {
      my $subtypemap = $typemaps->get_typemap(ctype => $subtype);
      $self->report_typemap_failure($typemaps, $subtype), return
        if not $subtypemap;
      my $suboutputmap = $typemaps->get_outputmap(xstype => $subtypemap->xstype);
      $self->blurt("Error: No OUTPUT definition for type '$subtype', typekind '" . $subtypemap->xstype . "' found"), return
        unless $suboutputmap;
      my $subexpr = $suboutputmap->cleaned_code;
      $subexpr =~ s/ntype/subtype/g;
      $subexpr =~ s/\$arg/ST(ix_$var)/g;
      $subexpr =~ s/\$var/${var}\[ix_$var]/g;
      $subexpr =~ s/\n\t/\n\t\t/g;
      $expr =~ s/DO_ARRAY_ELEM\n/$subexpr/;
      eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
      warn $@ if $@;
      print "\t\tSvSETMAGIC(ST(ix_$var));\n" if $do_setmagic;
    }
    elsif ($var eq 'RETVAL') {
      if ($expr =~ /^\t\$arg = new/) {
        # We expect that $arg has refcnt 1, so we need to
        # mortalize it.
        eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
        warn $@ if $@;
        print "\tsv_2mortal(ST($num));\n";
        print "\tSvSETMAGIC(ST($num));\n" if $do_setmagic;
      }
      elsif ($expr =~ /^\s*\$arg\s*=/) {
        # We expect that $arg has refcnt >=1, so we need
        # to mortalize it!
        eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
        warn $@ if $@;
        print "\tsv_2mortal(ST(0));\n";
        print "\tSvSETMAGIC(ST(0));\n" if $do_setmagic;
      }
      else {
        # Just hope that the entry would safely write it
        # over an already mortalized value. By
        # coincidence, something like $arg = &sv_undef
        # works too.
        print "\tST(0) = sv_newmortal();\n";
        eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
        warn $@ if $@;
        # new mortals don't have set magic
      }
    }
    elsif ($do_push) {
      print "\tPUSHs(sv_newmortal());\n";
      $arg = "ST($num)";
      eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
      warn $@ if $@;
      print "\tSvSETMAGIC($arg);\n" if $do_setmagic;
    }
    elsif ($arg =~ /^ST\(\d+\)$/) {
      eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
      warn $@ if $@;
      print "\tSvSETMAGIC($arg);\n" if $do_setmagic;
    }
  }
}

1;

# vim: ts=2 sw=2 et: