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Toniefile

The Toniefile crate provides methods to write audio data in a format that can be played by a Toniebox. The Toniefile format is a modified Ogg Opus file format with a protobuf header. However the Ogg pages must be exactly 4096 bytes long and must begin and end at a 4096 byte mark in the file. (except for the first page, which starts at 0x1200 and ends at 0x1FFF) The protobuf header itself must be padded to 4096 bytes as well and the Ogg header and Ogg comment page must be padded to 200 bytes. This results in a file like this:

address   data                                               ascii
00000000  00 00 0f fc 0a 14 04 ef  db a5 67 5d a9 a7 96 1e  |..........g]....|
^ The protobuf header (starts at 0x04) until 0x0FFF.
> 0x00 - 0x03 are the length of the header in bytes
00001000  4f 67 67 53 00 02 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 78 56  |OggS..........xV|
^ Opus Header and Opus Comment until 0x11FF
00001200  4f 67 67 53 00 00 40 38  00 00 00 00 00 00 78 56  |OggS..@8......xV|
^ First payload audio data until 0x1FFF
00002000  4f 67 67 53 00 00 40 38  00 00 00 00 00 00 78 56  |OggS..@8......xV|
^ Second payload audio data until 0x2FFF
00003000  4f 67 67 53 00 00 40 38  00 00 00 00 00 00 78 56  |OggS..@8......xV|
^ And so on

Usage

The Toniefile struct takes anything that implements the Write and Seek traits as a writer at it’s creation. When one of the methods encode() or finalize() is called, it writes to the writer. During its creation it takes a unique audio id and an optional Vector of user comments as arguments. The audio id can be an arbitrary uint32 and is used to identify the audio file on the Toniebox. (Use whatever you want here) The user comment is a Vector auf &str that is written to the Ogg comment page, it can be empty.

fn fill_single_buffer_toniefile() {
    // create a file
    let file = File::create(~/my_little_toniefile").unwrap();
    // create a toniefile struct
    let mut toniefile = Toniefile::new (
        file,
        0x12345678,
        Some(vec!["my comment", "another comment"])
    )
    .unwrap();

    // read samples, this can vary depending on your use case
    // for example use the wav crate to read a whole wav file into memory
    let mut f = File::open("~/my_little_samplesfile").expect("no file found");
    let (_, samples) = wav::read(&mut f).unwrap();
    samples.try_into_sixteen().unwrap()
    let samples: Vec<i16> = samples.to_str().unwrap();

    // write samples to toniefile
    let res = toniefile.encode(&samples);
    // finalize the toniefile
    toniefile.finalize().unwrap();
}

It is also possible to call encode() multiple times with smaller buffers. This can be useful if you don’t want to have the whole samples file in memory at once. We can use new_simple() to create a Toniefile with a random audio id and no user comments if we don’t care about them. Here we use the WavReader from the hound crate (https://crates.io/crates/hound) to read the samples in chunks.

fn read_and_fill_chunks_toniefile() {
    let file = File::create("~/my_little_toniefile").unwrap();
    let mut toniefile = Toniefile::new_simple(file)
    .unwrap();

    let mut f = File::open("~/my_little_samplesfile").unwrap();
    let mut wav_reader = hound::WavReader::new(&mut f).unwrap();
    let total_samples = wav_reader.duration();
    let mut wav_iter = wav_reader.samples::<i16>();
    let mut samples_read = 0;
    while samples_read < total_samples {
        let mut window = vec![];
        for _ in 0..TONIEFILE_FRAME_SIZE * OPUS_CHANNELS {
            window.push(wav_iter.next().unwrap().unwrap());
        }
        let res = toniefile.encode(&window);
        assert!(res.is_ok());
        samples_read += window.len() as u32;
    }

    toniefile.finalize().unwrap();
}

Lastly it is also possible to let the Toniefile struct write into a vector, instead of a file on disk as long as the vector implements the Write and Seek traits. We can use the Cursor struct from the std library for this.

use std::io::{Cursor, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
use toniefile::Toniefile;

fn fill_vector_toniefile() {
    let myvec: Vec<u8> = vec![];
    let cursor = Cursor::new(myvec);
    let mut toniefile = Toniefile::new(cursor, 0x12345678, None).unwrap();
    let samples: Vec<i16> = vec![0; 48000 * 2 * 60]; // 60 seconds of finest silence
    let res = toniefile.encode(&samples);
    assert!(res.is_ok());
    toniefile.finalize_no_consume().unwrap();
    // do something with the vector e.g. writing it to disk or sending it over the network
}