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cod-al7b27_alalal-d77648.xml
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cod-al7b27_alalal-d77648.xml
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<title>Articulus 7</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<name ref="#jeffreycwitt">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<title>Articulus 7</title>
<date when="2022-06-21">June 21, 2022</date>
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<witness xml:id="Bc" n="cod-al7b27">Paris 1894, v. 27</witness>
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<pb ed="#Bc" n="439"/>
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<body>
<div xml:id="alalal-d77648"><!-- l2d25a7 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-d77648-Hd1e99">Articulus 7</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-d77648-Hd1e101" type="question-title">Quomodo est triplex libertas ? et,
Quomodo accipiuntur divisiones
libertatis? ef, Utrum xqualiter in omnibus
sit libertas a coactione ?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e104">
<cb ed="#Bc" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="4"/>ARTICULUS VII.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="5"/>Quomodo est triplex libertas ? et,
Quo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="6"/>modo accipiuntur divisiones
liberta<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="7"/>tis? ef, Utrum xqualiter in omnibus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="8"/>sit libertas a coactione ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e120">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="9"/>Deinde quaeritur de hoc quod dicit, ibi,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="10"/>I, <quote xml:id="alalal-d77648-Qd1e126"> Est namque triplex libertas, etc. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e129">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="11"/>Inveniuntur autem et aliae divisiones
<lb ed="#Bc" n="12"/>libertatis, ut Bernardus ponit istam,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="13"/>quod est libertas arbitrii, consilii, et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="14"/>complaciti . Et Anselmus ponit hanc,
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e141">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="15"/>quod est libertas habens rectitudinem, et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="16"/>libertas non habens eam. Illa autem quae
<lb ed="#Bc" n="17"/>habet : una quidem habet amissibiliter,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="18"/>alia habet inamissibiliter. Illa quae habet
<lb ed="#Bc" n="19"/>inamissibiliter : alia est data sive accepta,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="20"/>alia non data sive accepta, sed dans aliis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="21"/>habentibus eam. Non data est divina :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="22"/>data creature : et habens quidem
recti<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="23"/>tudinem datam inamissibiliter, est beata
<lb ed="#Bc" n="24"/>rationalis creatura, ut Angelus, vel
ho<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="25"/>mo, et anima : habens autem datam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="26"/>amissibiliter, est homo ingratia
consti<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="27"/>tutus in via. Non autem habens : aut
re<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="28"/>cuperabiliter caret, et sic homo vivens
<lb ed="#Bc" n="29"/>in peccato mortali : aut caret
irrecupera<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="30"/>biliter, et sic habent damnate anime et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="31"/>Angeli.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e180">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="32"/>Quaeritur ergo, Penes quid accipiantur
<lb ed="#Bc" n="33"/>iste: divisiones ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e187">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="34"/>Item, Magister dicit in ZLitéera, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="35"/>libertas a coactione aequaliter est in
om<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="36"/>nibus : et hoc non videtur verum : quia
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e196">
<cb ed="#Bc" n="c"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="37"/>1. Deus liberior est in agendo et
abso<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="38"/>lutione coactionis, quam homo : et
ho<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="39"/>mo sanctus, quam peccator : cujus
pro<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="40"/>batio est : quia liberius est a coactione,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="41"/>quod non trahitur nec vincitur, quam id
<lb ed="#Bc" n="42"/>quod trahitur et non vincitur : et liberius
<lb ed="#Bc" n="43"/>est quod trahitur et non vincitur, quam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>id quod trahitur et vincitur : cum ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="45"/>secundum hos gradus sit in beatis, et
bo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="46"/>nis, et malis, videtur quod non sit aque
<lb ed="#Bc" n="47"/>liberum a coactione.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e225">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="48"/>2. Item, Omne creabile vertibile est :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="49"/>ergo libertas creature vertibilis est in
<lb ed="#Bc" n="50"/>malum et non ens: libertas autem divina
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>nec vertibilis est, nec trahitur, nec
vinci<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="52"/>tur : ergo ipsa est liberrima.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e238">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="53"/>Sorutio. Dicendum, quod libertas est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="54"/>potentia ordinata ad actum et ad finem,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="55"/>remota universaliter vel particulariter ab
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>habitibus contrariis. Unde potest dari
di<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="57"/>visio aut penes habitum contrarium
li<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="58"/>bertati, separatum ab ipsa : et hoc vocant
<lb ed="#Bc" n="59"/>Magistri penes terminum a quo : et tunc
<lb ed="#Bc" n="60"/>est divisio quae datur in Littera, scilicet,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="61"/>libertas a coactione, a culpa, et a
mise<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="62"/>ria.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e263">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="63"/>Et accipitur divisio sic, quod habitus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="64"/>inducens servitutem : aut est a natura,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="65"/>aut ab actu meriti. Sia natura: tune est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="66"/>obligatio cum materia, ut potius agatur,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="67"/>quam agat-: et contra illum est libertas a
<lb ed="#Bc" n="68"/>coactione. Si autem est ab actu
volunta<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="69"/>tis, et meriti : auf est habitus cui
volun<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="70"/>tas se subdit, et hic est culpa, et contra
<lb ed="#Bc" n="71"/>eum est libertas a peccato : aut cui
sub<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="72"/>ditur ex ordine justitiae vindicantis, et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="73"/>sic est miseria peenalitatum : et contra
<lb ed="#Bc" n="74"/>hune est Jibertas a miseria. Prima igitur
<lb ed="#Bc" n="75"/>est per libertatem rationalis nature,
se<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="76"/>cunda per gratiam, et tertia per gloriam.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e296">
<pb ed="#Bc" n="440"/>
<cb ed="#Bc" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="1"/>Secunda autem quae est Bernardi,
da<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="2"/>tur penes disponentia ad actum libertatis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="3"/>proprium : hic autem aut est secundum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="4"/>potestatem nature libere, et sic est
di<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="5"/>bertas arbitrii : aut in his quae sunt
su<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="6"/>pra naturam : et hoc dupliciter, scilicet
<lb ed="#Bc" n="7"/>in optimis secundum statum vie, et de
<lb ed="#Bc" n="8"/>his est liberias consilit : aut in optimis.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="9"/>secundum statum patrie, et de his est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="10"/>libertas.complaciti : et hac omnia
acci<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="11"/>pienda sunt secundum relationem
unius<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="12"/>cujusque istorum ad optimum actum.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="13"/>Unde dicit Bernardus, quod libertas
ar<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="14"/>bitrii discernere habet quid liceat,
liber<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="15"/>tas autem consilii probare quid expediat,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="16"/>libertas autem complaciti experiri quid
<lb ed="#Bc" n="17"/>libeat.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e340">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="18"/>Divisio autem <name xml:id="alalal-d77648-Nd1e344">Anselmi</name> datur per
cau<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="19"/>sam efficientem et finem simul : quia.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="20"/>datum et non datum dicunt efficientis
ra<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="21"/>tionem : et rectitudo est finis potestatis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="22"/>servandi eam.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e356">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="23"/>Alia autem divisio ad artem reducta
<lb ed="#Bc" n="24"/>est in objiciendo.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e363">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="25"/>Ad id quod ulterius quaeritur de
liber<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="26"/>tate. a coactione, dicendum quod
duplici<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="27"/>ter consideratur, scilicet primo modo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="28"/>secundum id a quo liberat, et secundo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="29"/>modo in comparatione facultatis naturali
<lb ed="#Bc" n="30"/>habitu perfect ad actum. Si primo
mo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="31"/>do: tunc non est nisi privatio, et idem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="32"/>est quod non habere coactionem : et
pri<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="33"/>vatio non est magis aliquid in uno, quam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="34"/>in alio : nec magis aliquid in Deo, quam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="35"/>in rationali creatura : nec magis aliquid
<lb ed="#Bc" n="36"/>in damnato, quam in justo : quia
nega<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="37"/>tio et privatio nec intenditur, nec
remit<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="38"/>titur : et nihil horum habet obligationem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="39"/>cum materia. Unde Bernardus : <quote xml:id="alalal-d77648-Qd1e397">
Li<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="40"/>bertas a necessitate aque et indifferenter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="41"/>Deo, universeque, tam bone quam ma-
<cb ed="#Bc" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="42"/>lae, rationali convenit creature : nec peg
<lb ed="#Bc" n="43"/>cato, nec miseria amittitur, vel minuitur.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>nec major in justo est, quam in
pecca<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="45"/>tore : nec plenior in Angelo, quam jp
<lb ed="#Bc" n="46"/>homine. Quomodo namque ad bonum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="47"/>conversus per gratiam humane
volunta<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="48"/>tis consensus, eo libere bonum, et in bo.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="49"/>no liberum facit hominem, quo
volunta<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="50"/>rius efficitur, et non invitus protrahitur :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>sic sponte devolutus in malum, in malo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="52"/>nihilominus tam liberum quam sponta~-
<lb ed="#Bc" n="53"/>neum constituit sua utique voluntate
du<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="54"/>ctum, non aliunde coactum ut malus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="55"/>sit. Et sicut ccelestis Angelus, aut etiam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>Deus ipse permanet libere bonus propria
<lb ed="#Bc" n="57"/>videlicet voluntate, non aliqua extrinseca
<lb ed="#Bc" n="58"/>necessitate : sic profecto diabolus eque
<lb ed="#Bc" n="59"/>libere in malum et corruit, et. persistit,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="60"/>suo utique voluntario nutu, non alieno
<lb ed="#Bc" n="61"/>impulsu. Manet ergo libertas voluntatis,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="62"/>ubi etiam fit capacitas mentis, tam
ple<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="63"/>na quidem in malis quam infbonis, sed in
<lb ed="#Bc" n="64"/>bonis ordinatior :. tam integra quoque
<lb ed="#Bc" n="65"/>pro suo modo in creatura quam in
Crea<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="66"/>tore, sed in illo potentior. </quote> Si autem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="67"/>consideratur ad actum, tune non eque
<lb ed="#Bc" n="68"/>inest : quia ubi nobilior natura, ibi
ex<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="69"/>peditior actus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e468">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="70"/>Ad omnia autem alia est una solutio,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="71"/>preter ultimum : quia procedunt de
li<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="72"/>bertate a peccato, et a miseria : et hee
<lb ed="#Bc" n="73"/>est habitus gratia, et gloriae: et bene
ac<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="74"/>cipit intensionem et remissionem.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e482">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="75"/>Ad ultimum dicendum, quod hac
ver<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="76"/>tibilitas dicit ordinem ad actum, et non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="77"/>considerationem ejus a quo liberat
tan<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="78"/>tum : et conceditur bene, quod sic
po<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="79"/>tentior est in Creatore, ut dicit
Bernar<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="80"/>dus, et ordinatior in bono quam in malo.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-d77648-d1e498">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="81"/>In alio autem opere plura de
libertati<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="82"/>bus istis inveniuntur.
</p>
</div>
</body>
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