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cod-al7b27_alalal-dd1024.xml
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cod-al7b27_alalal-dd1024.xml
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<title>Articulus 2</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<name ref="#jeffreycwitt">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<title>Articulus 2</title>
<date when="2022-06-21">June 21, 2022</date>
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<witness xml:id="Bc" n="cod-al7b27">Paris 1894, v. 27</witness>
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<front>
<div xml:id="starts-on">
<pb ed="#Bc" n="9"/>
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<body>
<div xml:id="alalal-dd1024"><!-- l2d1a2 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-dd1024-Hd1e99">Articulus 2</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-dd1024-Hd1e101" type="question-title">An error Manichaei qui posuit plura
principia, bene elidatur a Magistro
in Littera ?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e104">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="20"/>ARTICULUS II.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="21"/>An error Manichaei qui posuit plura
<lb ed="#Bc" n="22"/>principia, bene elidatur a Magistro
<lb ed="#Bc" n="23"/>in Littera ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e115">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="24"/>Deinde quaeritur de hoc quod dicit, ibi,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="25"/>A, <quote xml:id="alalal-dd1024-Qd1e121"> Moyses... elidens errorem
quorum<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="26"/>dam plura sine principio fuisse
princi<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="27"/>pia opinantium. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e129">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="28"/>Hic autem error est Platonis quem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="29"/>Magister ponit in Littera, et quia aliquo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="30"/>modo omnia retorquet in principium
<lb ed="#Bc" n="31"/>unum, disputandum videtur contra
Ma<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="32"/>nicheum, qui plura posuit principia
se<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="33"/>cundum idem genus causalitatis,
scili<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="34"/>cet, secundum rationem cause efficientis,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="35"/>quem errorem probabat sic :
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e150">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="36"/>1. Bonum et malum opponuntur: ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="37"/>magis bonum magis malo, et simpliciter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="38"/>bonum simpliciter malo: quia si magis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="39"/>sequitur ad magis, et simpliciter ad
sim<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="40"/>pliciter sequitur : simpliciter autem
ma<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="41"/>lum est principium mali: ergo est prin-s
<lb ed="#Bc" n="42"/>cipium malum et mali.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e168">
<cb ed="#Bc" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="43"/>2. Item, Dicit Philosophus in secundo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>primae Philosophie, quod status est in
<lb ed="#Bc" n="45"/>causis, et non abeunt in infinitum: sicut
<lb ed="#Bc" n="46"/>omne calidum reducitur in per se
cali<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="47"/>dum, et sic de aliis: ergo necesse est,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="48"/>cum inveniatur aliqua causa mali quia
<lb ed="#Bc" n="49"/>voluntas (ut concedunt communiter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="50"/>Sancti) ut illa in causam mali reducatur,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>que simpliciter sit mala: ergo est
ali<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="52"/>quid per se malum, quod est mali
prin<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="53"/>cipium.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e197">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="54"/>3. Item, Sicut ens per accidens
redu<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="55"/>citur ad ens per se, et omni ei quod est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>per accidens respondet aliquid per se:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="57"/>ita esse dictum per participationem,
re<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="58"/>ducitur in aliquod quod dicitur per
es<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="59"/>sentiam, et dictum per essentiam
re<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="60"/>spondet ei. Dicitur autem multiplex
ma<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="61"/>lum participative ; ut malus homo, et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="62"/>mala anima, et malus actus, et malus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="63"/>habitus : ergo aliquid est per se malum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="64"/>quod illi respondet, ut videtur, hoc est,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="65"/>principium omnis mali: sicut bonum per
<lb ed="#Bc" n="66"/>essentiam dictum, est principium omnis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="67"/>boni dicti per participationem.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e230">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="68"/>4. Item, Nihil idem eodem modo se
<lb ed="#Bc" n="69"/>habens est principium contrariorum: sed
<lb ed="#Bc" n="70"/>bonum et malum sunt contraria: ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="71"/>non fluunt ab eodem principio.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e241">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="72"/>5. Item, Nullum bonum facit unde
<lb ed="#Bc" n="73"/>opus suum sit deterius: sed malo opus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="74"/>boni fit deterius: ergo malum non est a
<lb ed="#Bc" n="75"/>bono: ergo dabitur ei principium mali,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="76"/>ut videtur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e254">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="77"/>6. Adidem objicitur de spiritualibus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="78"/>et corporalibus, corruptibilibus et
incor<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="79"/>ruptibilibus, quae non videntur. esse a
<lb ed="#Bc" n="80"/>principio uno, nullo modo recipiente
va<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="81"/>riationem : ergo videtur, quod maluin sit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="82"/>principium corporalium, et bonum
spi<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="83"/>ritualium et incorruptibilium. Dicit enim
<lb ed="#Bc" n="84"/>Philosophus in fine primi Physicorum:
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e275">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="85"/>
<quote xml:id="alalal-dd1024-Qd1e279"> Altera pars contradictionis
multiplici<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="86"/>ter imaginabitur ad-maleficium ipsius,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="87"/>scilicet materie, aliquo pretendente
in<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="88"/>tellectu: </quote> ergo videtur, quod non sint
<lb ed="#Bc" n="89"/>ista a principio uno.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e291">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="90"/>7. Item, Joan. vn, 44: Ille homicida
<lb ed="#Bc" n="91"/>erat ab initio, et in veritate non stetit,
<pb ed="#Bc" n="10"/>
<cb ed="#Bc" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="1"/>quia non ést veritas in eo: cum loquitur
<lb ed="#Bc" n="2"/>mendacium, et proprits loquitur, quia
<lb ed="#Bc" n="3"/>mendax est, et pater ejus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e309">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="4"/>8. Item, Quidam Philosophi non
po<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="5"/>tuerunt principia moventia reducere ad
<lb ed="#Bc" n="6"/>unum: sed mixtum ponebant esse
ma<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="7"/>teriam, et litem et amicitiam moventia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e320">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="8"/>9. Item, Matth. xu, 33: Aut facite
ar<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="9"/>borem bonam, et fructum ejus bonum:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="10"/>aut facite arborem malam, et fructum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="11"/>ejus malum, Et ibidem Rabanus_ dicit,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="12"/>quod malum semper procedit a mala
ra<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="13"/>dice : radix autem notat principium mali:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="14"/>ergo necesse est ponere principium mali.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e338">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="15"/>Et similes his rationes non est difficile
<lb ed="#Bc" n="16"/>multas adducere. .
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e345">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="17"/>SED CONTRA:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="18"/>1. Malum sonat pevationem boni: ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="19"/>malum universaliter privationem boni
<lb ed="#Bc" n="20"/>universaliter : sed bonum quod omnia
<lb ed="#Bc" n="21"/>optant, est esse, ut dicit quidam
Philo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="22"/>sophus: ergo malum universaliter omni
<lb ed="#Bc" n="23"/>esse, est —privatum : ergo nonest: et quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="24"/>non est, nullius.est principium: ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="25"/>malum principium non est.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e368">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="26"/>2, Item, Coercere malum est de
ge<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="27"/>nere bone potestatis: sed bona potestas
<lb ed="#Bc" n="28"/>est aliquid boni: ergo non deest
univer<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="29"/>sali bono: ergo illud habet potestatem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="30"/>coercendi, et destruendi universaliter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="31"/>malum : ergo destruet ipsum: quia hoc
<lb ed="#Bc" n="32"/>ipsum bonum est ut destruat et coerceat.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e386">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="33"/>3. Item, Si anima est a bono principio
<lb ed="#Bc" n="34"/>et corpus a malo, debet petere
absolutio<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="35"/>nem a corpore: nunc:autem firmissime
<lb ed="#Bc" n="36"/>petit communicationem : ergo est ab
eo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="37"/>dem principio, ut videtur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e399">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="38"/>4. Item, Hoc videtur mirabile, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="39"/>bonum principium quasi obediens malo,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="40"/>statim ut malum corpus organicum est,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="41"/>facit ipsam animam quae infundatur :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="42"/>absurdum autem est ita:in operando
con<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="43"/>venire bonum et malum: ergo non est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>malum principium.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e417">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="45"/>Solutio. Dicendum, quod heresis
Ma<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="46"/>nichei numquam habuit in scientia de-
<cb ed="#Bc" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="47"/>fensorem: quia numquam habuit
ratio<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="48"/>nabilem positionem, quae etiam satis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="49"/>parum litterato probabilis possit videri.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e433">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="50"/>Unde dicendum ad primum, quod hoc
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>nihil valet, quia bonum substantialiter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="52"/>per se est substantialiter bonum, et illud
<lb ed="#Bc" n="53"/>non habet oppositum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e444">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="54"/>Preterea, Malum non recipit
inten<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="55"/>sionem ad terminum aliquem, cum sit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>privatio : sed potius per recessum a
<lb ed="#Bc" n="57"/>bono: et ideo licet sit malo pejus, non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="58"/>tamen est summum malum quo nihil
<lb ed="#Bc" n="59"/>posset esse pejus :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="60"/>quod pejus, quia recessus a bono
po<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="61"/>tentia est infinitus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e465">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="62"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod malum non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="63"/>nec habet causam, sed est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="64"/>defectus incidens. Unde ratio illa funda~
<lb ed="#Bc" n="65"/>tur supra falsum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e476">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="66"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod malum
ni<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="67"/>hil dicitur participative, sed potius
priva<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="68"/>tive: ex hoc enim est malum, quia non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="69"/>participat bonum, quod natum est
parti<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="70"/>cipare.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e489">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="71"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod hoc est
ve<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="72"/>rum de agente primo et per necessitatem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="73"/>natura, sed non de agente per
volun<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="74"/>tatem et intellectum, hoc enim potest
fa<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="75"/>cere malum et bonum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e502">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="76"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod Deus non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="77"/>est. auctor culpe, unde est opus suum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="78"/>deterius quia illud est primum : et:hoc
<lb ed="#Bc" n="79"/>satis probatum est in primo libro Senter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="80"/>tiarum . :
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e515">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="81"/>Ad aliud diceidum,. qued hee: ast:
fal<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="82"/>sum : quia spiritualia et corporalia pos-.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="83"/>sunt esse ab eodem agente per
volunta<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="84"/>tem et electionem: sed bene concedo,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="85"/>quod privatio non est ab ipso: quia
pri<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="86"/>vatio nihil est.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e531">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="87"/>Si autem objicitur, quia privatio
vide<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="88"/>tur esse aliquid: quia Philosophus ponit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="89"/>eam principium. Dicendum, quod non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="90"/>est aliqua essentia in se, quae sit
priva<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="91"/>tio, sed relinquit subjectum cum ordine
<lb ed="#Bc" n="92"/>ad formam : et ideo privatio causa
po<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="93"/>tentie est; quia nihil est in potentia nisi
<pb ed="#Bc" n="11"/>
<cb ed="#Bc" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="1"/>per privationem illius ad quod est in
po<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="2"/>tentia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e558">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="3"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod litem et
ami<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="4"/>citiam non ponebant Philosophi ut
mo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="5"/>vens extra, sedintra in mixtura
contra<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="6"/>ryiorum: quoniam amicitia et dilectio est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="7"/>in actu mixti medio, sed lis in extremis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="8"/>miscibilibus pugnantibus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-dd1024-d1e574">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="9"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod arbor mala
<lb ed="#Bc" n="10"/>non nominat hic principium, sed
volun<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="11"/>tatem sub malo: et hac in eo quod
hu<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="12"/>jusmodi non est causa, nisi mali actus.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="13"/>Eodem modo arbor bona nominat
vo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="14"/>luntatem sub gratia. Et tunc neutra
po<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="15"/>nitur ut principium primum. Et haec est
<lb ed="#Bc" n="16"/>intentio <name xml:id="alalal-dd1024-Nd1e593">Rabani</name>.
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