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cod-al7b27_alalal-e08446.xml
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<title>Articulus 1</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<div xml:id="alalal-e08446"><!-- l2d41a1 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-e08446-Hd1e99">Articulus 1</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-e08446-Hd1e101" type="question-title">Utrum sola voluntas vel intentio sufficit
ad meritum vel demeritum, vel actus
addit aliquid in utroque ?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e104">
<cb ed="#Bc" n="c"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="41"/>ARTICULUS I.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="42"/>Utrum sola voluntas vel intentio sufficit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="43"/>ad meritum vel demeritum, vel actus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>addit aliquid in utroque ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e117">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="45"/>Ante Litteram autem propter diversas
<lb ed="#Bc" n="46"/>disputationes Magistrorum queruntur
<lb ed="#Bc" n="47"/>quatuor : quorum primum est, Utrum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="48"/>sola voluntas vel intentio sufficit ad
me<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="49"/>ritum vel demeritum, vel actus addit
ali<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="50"/>quid in utroque vel non ?
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>Secundo, Utrum intentio facit bonum -
<lb ed="#Bc" n="52"/>vel malum opus ?
<lb ed="#Bc" n="53"/>Tertio, Utrum hoc verum sit, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="54"/>intentio dat quantitatem operi bono vel
<lb ed="#Bc" n="55"/>malo ?
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>Quarto autem, Utrum intentio
dirigi<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="57"/>tur fide et charitate, vel non ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e148">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="58"/>Ap primum dicit sic :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="59"/>1. Bernardus in libro de Libero
arbi<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="60"/>trio et gratia: <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e156"> Bona intentio sufficit ad
<lb ed="#Bc" n="61"/>bonum meritum, sed bona actio
requiri<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="62"/>tur ad exemplum. </quote> Ergo videtur, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="63"/>actio. nihil operatur respectu) premil,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="64"/>sed intentio tantum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e170">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="65"/>2. Item, Super illud locum Psalmi
<lb ed="#Bc" n="66"/>xxx1,5: Dizi: Confitebor, etc., dicit
Glos<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="67"/>sa: <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e178"> Voluntas pro opere computatur. </quote>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="68"/>Ergo videtur, quod superfluum sit opus,
<pb ed="#Bc" n="641"/>
<cb ed="#Bc" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="1"/>cum Deus non reputet nisi quod vere
<lb ed="#Bc" n="2"/>est sufficiens.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e192">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="3"/>3. Item, Psal. cxxv, 3: Qui seminant
<lb ed="#Bc" n="4"/>in lacrymis, etc., dicit Glossa : <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e198">Ad quam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="5"/>sufficit si desit facultas. </quote> Ergo videtur,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="6"/>quod in omni bono sufficit voluntas.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e206">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="7"/>4. Item, Hoc idem videtur per
ratio<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="8"/>nem : Meritum enim est secundum illud
<lb ed="#Bc" n="9"/>attendendum, quod maxime nostrum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="10"/>est : nihil autem adeo est nostrum, sicut
<lb ed="#Bc" n="11"/>id quod maxime est in nostra potestate :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="12"/>et hoc est voluntas, ut dicit Augustinus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="13"/>in ultimo capite istius distinctlonis ' :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="14"/>ergo videtur, quod secundum volunta~
<lb ed="#Bc" n="15"/>tem hominis meritum attendatur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e228">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="16"/>5. Item, Omnes nos Deus aequaliter
<lb ed="#Bc" n="17"/>creavit ad regnum : ergo etiam
pote<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="18"/>statem merendi posuit in aliquo qued
<lb ed="#Bc" n="19"/>equaliter habent omnes: hoc autem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="20"/>non potest esse opus exterius, sed
vo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="21"/>luntas interior: ergo potestas mériti
<lb ed="#Bc" n="22"/>consistit penes voluntatem, et non penes
<lb ed="#Bc" n="23"/>opus exterius.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e248">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="24"/>6. Idem et per auctoritatem videtur,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="25"/>quod extrinsecum opus nihil addit
meri<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="26"/>to: quia super illud Marci, xu, 43:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="27"/>Vidua haec pauper plus omnibus misit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="28"/>gui miserunt in gazophylacium,
di<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="29"/>cit Glossa : <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e263"> Merito pie intentionis sunt
<lb ed="#Bc" n="30"/>opera accepta.</quote> Ergo intentio est plus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="31"/>accepta vel potius sine opere, quia vidua
<lb ed="#Bc" n="32"/>nullum vel parvum fecit opus respectu
<lb ed="#Bc" n="33"/>aliorum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e275">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="34"/>7. Item, Glossa Hieronymi, ibidem,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="35"/>
<quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e281"> Non quantum, sed ex quanto des
con<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="36"/>siderat. </quote> Kt ex hoc sequitur idem.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e288">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="37"/>8. Item, Super illud, quod meritum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="38"/>non abundavit ®: dicit Glossa: <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e294"> Ubi
<lb ed="#Bc" n="39"/>equa est voluntas, aqualem habebit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="40"/>mercedem. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e302">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="41"/>9, Item, Gratis est totum quod
opera<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="42"/>mur : gratia autem non datur secundum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="43"/>opera, sed dona: ergo videtur, quod nec
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>meritum quod est a gratia, sit in
opera<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="45"/>tionibus exterioribus, sed in interiori
<lb ed="#Bc" n="46"/>actu gratia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e318">
<cb ed="#Bc" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="47"/>Si dicatur, quod ita in bonis, sed in
<lb ed="#Bc" n="48"/>malis non: quia malum in opere pejus
<lb ed="#Bc" n="49"/>est quam in voluntate sola. Contra hoc
<lb ed="#Bc" n="50"/>sic objicitur : Super illum locum Psalm;
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>vu, 3: Eilenim in corde iniguitates,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="52"/>operamint, etc., dicit Glossa : <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e335"> Si vis et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="53"/>non potes, Dominus factum reputat. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e341">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="54"/>10. Item, Super illud Levit. xv, 19:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="55"/>Mulier, quae redeunte mense patitur
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>fluzum sanguinis, Glossa:<quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e349"> Voluntas pro
<lb ed="#Bc" n="57"/>facto reputatur : </quote> ergo idem est in malis,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="58"/>etetiam in bonis : et sic videtur, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="59"/>ex neutra parte aliquid adjiciat opus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e360">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="60"/>Sep contra objicitur sic :
<lb ed="#Bc" n="61"/>4. Dicit Jacobus in canonica, u, 20:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="62"/>Fides sine operibus mortua est: fides
<lb ed="#Bc" n="63"/>autem dirigit intentionem : ergo et
in<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="64"/>tentio sine operibus nihil valet.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e373">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="65"/>2. Item, Gregorius: <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e377"> Charitas
ope<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="66"/>ratur magna, siest : si vero desinit ope.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="67"/>rari, charitas non est. </quote> Ergo videtur,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="68"/>quod in charitate quae est finis operum,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="69"/>ut supra dictum est, exigantur opera.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e390">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="70"/>3. Item, Gregorius : <quote xml:id="alalal-e08446-Qd1e394"> Probatio
dile<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="71"/>ctionis est exhibitio operis. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e400">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="72"/>4. Ttem, Hf ad Corinth. vin, 10 et 11:
<lb ed="#Bc" n="73"/>Velle ceepistis ab anno priore: nune vero
<lb ed="#Bc" n="74"/>et facto perficite, ut quemadmodum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="75"/>promptus est animus voluntatis, ita sit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="76"/>et perficiendt ex eo quod habetis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e413">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="77"/>5. Item, Pbidem, ¥. 12: Si voluntas
<lb ed="#Bc" n="78"/>prompta est, secundum id quod habet,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="79"/>etc.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e422">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="80"/>6. tem, Ibidem, 1x, 6: Qui parce
<lb ed="#Bc" n="81"/>seminat, etc., et loquitur de operibus,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="82"/>Ex his autem et multis aliis patet, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="83"/>opera bona in charitate facta, valent ad
<lb ed="#Bc" n="84"/>remunerationem et meritum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e435">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="85"/>7. Preterea, Absurdum esset dicere,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="86"/>quod non valerent : quia sic
retraheren<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="87"/>tur homines ab operibus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e444">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="88"/>8. Item, Apud judicium hominis non
<lb ed="#Bc" n="89"/>equaliter remuneratur serviens sola
<lb ed="#Bc" n="90"/>voluntate, quam serviens voluntate et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="91"/>opere : ergo et sic est apud justitiam
<lb ed="#Bc" n="92"/>divinam. Similiter videtur quod in malo
<pb ed="#Bc" n="642"/>
<cb ed="#Bc" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="1"/>etiam adducunt : quia apud judicium
<lb ed="#Bc" n="2"/>hominis fur condemnatur, non qui
<lb ed="#Bc" n="3"/>vult furari, licet incomparabilis sit : ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="4"/>etin judicio Dei ita debet esse, quod
<lb ed="#Bc" n="5"/>factum magis condemnatur, quam
vo<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="6"/>luntas sola.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e476">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="7"/>9. Item, Matih. xxv, 35 et seq., rex,
sci<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="8"/>licet Deus, et bonis et malis objicit facta
<lb ed="#Bc" n="9"/>tamquam causam salutis vel
condem<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="10"/>nationis, dicens : Ksurivi, etc.: ergo
<lb ed="#Bc" n="11"/>opera adduntur voluntati.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e489">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="12"/>Sonvutio. Dicendum, quod in bonis
suf<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="13"/>ficit voluntas et intentio in adultis, in
<lb ed="#Bc" n="14"/>omnibus illis casibus in quibus deest
fa<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="15"/>cultas operis. In omnibus autem illis
ca<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="16"/>sibus in quibus suppetit facultas,
menti<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="17"/>tur sibi intentio et voluntas, nisi
proce<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="18"/>dat in opere : et tunc voluntas et factum
<lb ed="#Bc" n="19"/>simul remunerantur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e509">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="20"/>Per hoc patet solutio ad omnia ea
<lb ed="#Bc" n="21"/>que objecta sunt de bonis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e516">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="22"/>Item, Distinguendum est in merito.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="23"/>Est enim meritum actualis premii hic,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="24"/>et in futuro: in futuro, ut glorietur de
<lb ed="#Bc" n="25"/>multitudine bonarum operationum : hic
<lb ed="#Bc" n="26"/>autem, ut radicetur in bono per
confir<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="27"/>mationem habitus et augmenti gratia, ex
<lb ed="#Bc" n="28"/>cognoscibili quia bene utitur accepio, et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="29"/>hujusmodi: et ad hoc valent opera, et
<lb ed="#Bc" n="30"/>adjiciunt super hoc voluntatem
comple<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="31"/>tam. Et est meritum respectu
preemiisub<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="32"/>stantialis tantum, ut quis glorietur in
<lb ed="#Bc" n="33"/>participatione Dei : et hoc attenditur
<lb ed="#Bc" n="34"/>tantum secundum radicem charitatis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e547">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="35"/>Per hoc patet solutio omnium quae
<lb ed="#Bc" n="36"/>objiciuntur de bonis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e554">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="37"/>Ap iw autem quod objicitur de malis
<lb ed="#Bc" n="38"/>est etiam una solutio, quod voluntas
<lb ed="#Bc" n="39"/>completa reputatur pro facto in his quae
<lb ed="#Bc" n="40"/>in peccato sunt contra Deum, ut est
con<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="41"/>temptus, aversio, ingratitudo, et
hujus<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="42"/>modi. In his autem quae sunt contra
<lb ed="#Bc" n="43"/>proximum, non est adeo nociva voluntas
<lb ed="#Bc" n="44"/>completa sola, sicut opus : et per con~
<lb ed="#Bc" n="45"/>sequens poena damni et sensus est e#
qua<lb break="no" ed="#Bc" n="46"/>lis, sed poena remorsus non ita, Sed ta~
<lb ed="#Bc" n="47"/>men notandum, quod in quibusdam pec-
<cb ed="#Bc" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Bc" n="48"/>catis vix ita completa voluntas est in Se,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="49"/>sicut in opere carnis, sicut in fornica..
<lb ed="#Bc" n="50"/>tione : quia delectationem ibi addit cor.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="51"/>poralis actus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e592">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="52"/>Ad id autem quod objicitur de judicio
<lb ed="#Bc" n="53"/>hominis quod condemnat opus, non vo.
<lb ed="#Bc" n="54"/>luntatem, non est simile: quia hoc facit
<lb ed="#Bc" n="55"/>homo, quia non videt cor: Deus autem
<lb ed="#Bc" n="56"/>qui cor intuetur, utrumque condemnat,
<lb ed="#Bc" n="57"/>et magis cor, quam opus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-e08446-d1e608">
<lb ed="#Bc" n="58"/>Per hoc patet solutio ad totum.
</p>
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