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cod-al7b28_alalal-f16271.xml
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cod-al7b28_alalal-f16271.xml
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<title>Articulus 2</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<name ref="#jeffreycwitt">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<title>Articulus 2</title>
<date when="2022-06-21">June 21, 2022</date>
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<witness xml:id="Bd" n="cod-al7b28">Paris 1894, v. 28</witness>
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<div xml:id="alalal-f16271"><!-- l3d32a2 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-f16271-Hd1e99">Articulus 2</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-f16271-Hd1e101" type="question-title">Quare charitas est magis essentia divina,
guam fides et spes?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e104">
<lb ed="Bd" n="67"/>ARTICULUS II.
<lb ed="Bd" n="68"/>Quare charitas est magis essentia divina,
<lb ed="Bd" n="69"/>guam fides et spes?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e113">
<lb ed="Bd" n="70"/>Secundo quaeritur, Quare hoc magis
<lb ed="Bd" n="71"/>convenit charitati, quam alii?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e120">
<lb ed="Bd" n="72"/>Et dicitur ab omnibus: quod haec est
<lb ed="Bd" n="73"/>ratio : quia
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e128">
<lb ed="Bd" n="74"/>1. Ipsa est perfectissima virtus et forma
<lb ed="Bd" n="75"/>virtutum, quae numquam excidet : et ideo
<lb ed="Bd" n="76"/>in Deo est principaliter, in nobis autem
<lb ed="Bd" n="77"/>per imitationem.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e139">
<lb ed="Bd" n="78"/>2. Sed contra hoc est quod dicit
Apo<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="79"/>stolus, ad Galat. v, 6 : Fides per
charita<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="80"/>tem operatur. Ergo, ut videtur, charitas
<pb ed="#Bd" n="600"/>
<cb ed="#Bd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="Bd" n="1"/>est efficiens operum aliarum virtutum,
<lb ed="Bd" n="2"/>et non forma.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e157">
<lb ed="Bd" n="3"/>3. Item, Super illud : Justus autem in
<lb ed="Bd" n="4"/>jide sua vivet’, dicit Glossa : <quote xml:id="alalal-f16271-Qd1e163"> Charitas
<lb ed="Bd" n="5"/>est forma virtutum, sine qua fides
infor<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="6"/>mis est. </quote> Ergo est efficiens et forma.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e171">
<lb ed="Bd" n="7"/>4. Item, Apostolus, Lad Timoth.1, 5:
<lb ed="Bd" n="8"/>Pints precepti est charitas. Ergo est finis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e178">
<lb ed="Bd" n="9"/>Quaro ergo, Ratione harum quatuor,
<lb ed="Bd" n="10"/>quare charitas essentialiter est in Deo et
<lb ed="Bd" n="11"/>non fides ? et, Quare dicatur efficiens et
<lb ed="Bd" n="12"/>mater et radix ? et, Quare sit forma, et
<lb ed="Bd" n="13"/>quare finis ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e191">
<lb ed="Bd" n="14"/>Kt quia de hoc supra disputatum est
<lb ed="Bd" n="15"/>multum, sufficiat bic tetigisse.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e199">
<lb ed="Bd" n="16"/>Solutio Dicendum, quod charitas
<lb ed="Bd" n="17"/>exemplaris virtus est in Deo : et hoc
con<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="18"/>tingit ei propter perfectionem suam,
sci<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="19"/>licet quia ipsa perfectissimum habet ac-—
<lb ed="Bd" n="20"/>tum qui numquam excidet : et quia
ob<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="21"/>jectum ejus est summa bonitas, quae
de<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="22"/>sideratur ab omnibus: et quia iterum est
<lb ed="Bd" n="23"/>maximum bonum inter bona spiritualia :
<lb ed="Bd" n="24"/>quod patet ex hoc, quia dividit inter
fi<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="25"/>lios regni et perditionis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e223">
<lb ed="Bd" n="26"/>Ad aliuddici potest, quod charitas est
<lb ed="Bd" n="27"/>efficiens, sicut calor universalis
organo<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="28"/>rum: sicut enim dicit Philosophus,
qui<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="29"/>libet sensus habet actum suum et
obje<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="30"/>cium, quo non communicat cum alio, et
<lb ed="Bd" n="31"/>habent omnes sensus unum gravans ab
<lb ed="Bd" n="32"/>aclu, sicult frigus descendens a cerebro,
<lb ed="Bd" n="33"/>et claudens sensus: ita etiam habent
ah<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="34"/>quod unum movens ad actum, quod est
<lb ed="Bd" n="35"/>calor ad exterius expansus in vigilia cum
<lb ed="Bd" n="36"/>spiritu animali ad organa scnsuum molo
<lb ed="Bd" n="37"/>in vigilia. Unde etiam dicit quidam
Phi<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="38"/>losophus, quod vigiliam facit expansio
<lb ed="Bd" n="39"/>caloris et spiritum ad exterius.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e256">
<lb ed="Bd" n="40"/>Per istum modum possumus dicere,
<lb ed="Bd" n="41"/>quod charitas dicitur efficiens et movens
<lb ed="Bd" n="42"/>in virtutes : quod tamen a nulla virtute
<lb ed="Bd" n="43"/>tollit proprium objectum et actum pro-
<cb ed="#Bd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="Bd" n="44"/>prium, sicut nec calor naturalis a sensu
<lb ed="Bd" n="45"/>Et quod hoc verum sit, videtur ex hoc
<lb ed="Bd" n="46"/>quod dicitur: Charitas Det diffusa est
<lb ed="Bd" n="47"/>cordibus nostris per Spiritum sanctum
<lb ed="Bd" n="48"/>qui datus est nobis. Spiritus enim oi.
<lb ed="Bd" n="49"/>nia movet. Et videtur charitas esse sicyt
<lb ed="Bd" n="50"/>instrumentum motus ejus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e285">
<lb ed="Bd" n="51"/>Per hoc etiam quod ipsa est calor yo.
<lb ed="Bd" n="52"/>luntatis relatus generaliter in omne illud
<lb ed="Bd" n="53"/>quod est bonum: sicut etiam in corpore
<lb ed="Bd" n="54"/>animato ponimus spiritum facere motum
<lb ed="Bd" n="55"/>et sensum, et quod calor est suum
in<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="56"/>strumentum per quod facit. Et per hoc
pa<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="57"/>tet ratio primi quesili.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e303">
<lb ed="Bd" n="58"/>Qualiter autem sit mater et radix,
su<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="59"/>pra dictum est. Et per hoc patet solutio
<lb ed="Bd" n="60"/>secundi quaesiti.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e312">
<lb ed="Bd" n="61"/>Forma autem potest dici charitas,
se<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="62"/>cundum quod ipsa est amor boni
simpli<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="63"/>citer, ita quod simpliciter dicatur quod
<lb ed="Bd" n="64"/>nulla differentia contractum est et
speci<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="65"/>ficatum. Illud enim crit salvatum in
om<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="66"/>ni bono contracto et specificato per
ra<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="67"/>tionem specialem, sicut videtur dicere
<lb ed="Bd" n="68"/>beatus Augustinus :<quote xml:id="alalal-f16271-Qd1e331"> Bonum hoc, bonum
<lb ed="Bd" n="69"/>illud : tolle hoc et illud, et videbis
bo<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="70"/>num omnis boni bonum. </quote> Verum autem
<lb ed="Bd" n="71"/>volitum in fide est bonum quoddam_
ha<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="72"/>bens aliquid de simpliciter bono et
ar<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="73"/>duum in spe. Et similiter pulchrum in
<lb ed="Bd" n="74"/>temperantia, et forte in fortitudine, et
ju<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="75"/>stum in justitia, et eligibile ad opus in
<lb ed="Bd" n="76"/>prudentia. Sed unumquodque istorum
<lb ed="Bd" n="77"/>aliquid addit bono. Charitas autem est
<lb ed="Bd" n="78"/>boni absolute et simpliciter, quod est
pri<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="79"/>mum bonum. Cum igitur hoc ut ratio
<lb ed="Bd" n="80"/>quaedam omnis boni salvetur in omnibus
<lb ed="Bd" n="81"/>bonis contractis, ipsum crit forma ad
<lb ed="Bd" n="82"/>quam nituntur omnia bona quantum
pos<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="83"/>sunt, et a quo habent boni rationem,
<lb ed="Bd" n="84"/>quoniam si non sit per sc bonum, nullum
<lb ed="Bd" n="85"/>erit particulare bonum et contractum.
<lb ed="Bd" n="86"/>Secundum hunc igitur modum amor
bo<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="87"/>ni per se est in omni virtute, sicut ratio
<lb ed="Bd" n="88"/>boni quod optat virtus illa, et sic est
for<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="89"/>ma non dans esse simpliciter, sed ratio
<pb ed="#Bd" n="601"/>
<cb ed="#Bd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="Bd" n="1"/>quaedam a qua et sub qua sumitur ratio
<lb ed="Bd" n="2"/>poni quod virtus particularis desiderat
<lb ed="Bd" n="3"/>acquirere per actum proprium : et sic
<lb ed="Bd" n="4"/>jterum non excludit formam dantem
es<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="5"/>se, licet sit aliqua ratio ejus: sicut illud
<lb ed="Bd" n="6"/>quod est per se, est ratio ejus quod
acci<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="7"/>pit ab ipso : unde ipsum pro
possibilita<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="8"/>te imitatur in aliquo, et non simpliciter :
<lb ed="Bd" n="9"/>et hoc modo dico eam esse formam
vir<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="10"/>tutum. Et per hoc patet ratio tertii
que<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="11"/>siti.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e409">
<lb ed="Bd" n="12"/>Finis autem dicitur fere eodem modo :
<lb ed="Bd" n="13"/>quia etiam forma et finis parum
difle<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="14"/>runt : est tamen aliqua differentia. Dicit
<lb ed="Bd" n="15"/>enim Philosophus, quod omnis operatio
<lb ed="Bd" n="16"/>et prohzresis boni alicujus operatrix esse
<lb ed="Bd" n="17"/>yidetur : et ideo diffiniens bonum dicit,
<lb ed="Bd" n="18"/>quod bonum est quod omnia exoptant
<lb ed="Bd" n="19"/>vel appetunt vel desiderant.
Considere<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="20"/>mus ergo duo, bonum quoddam ut
ve<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="21"/>rum vel arduuin vel pulchrum quod est
<lb ed="Bd" n="22"/>terminus actus virtutis hujus vel illius, ct
<lb ed="Bd" n="23"/>quo habito cessat a motu. Et queramus,
<lb ed="Bd" n="24"/>Utrum desideret illud acquirere per
ac<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="25"/>tum. quia est hoc bonum, vel quia est
<lb ed="Bd" n="26"/>bonum simpiiciter? Si quia est hoc
bo<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="27"/>num: tune oportet, quod ratio boni
hu<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="28"/>jus est causa appetitus generaliter in
om<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="29"/>nibus appetentibus bonum, quod patet
<lb ed="Bd" n="30"/>esse falsum : ergoid quod movet
efficien<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="31"/>tem virtutem vel quodcumgne aliud, erit
<lb ed="Bd" n="32"/>bonum : et hoc prolixe probat Boctius
<lb ed="Bd" n="33"/>inlibro de Conselatione philosophiae :
er<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="34"/>go amatum bonum simpliciter et amor
<lb ed="Bd" n="35"/>boni movent efficientem: sed hoc quod
<lb ed="Bd" n="36"/>movet efficicntem, est finis . ergo amatum
<lb ed="Bd" n="37"/>bonum simpliciter, ei non hoc vel illud,
<lb ed="Bd" n="38"/>est simpliciter finis. Charitas igitur non
<lb ed="Bd" n="39"/>ex parte amantis, sed ex parte amati
bo<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="40"/>ni simpliciter, est finis preecepti et omnis
<lb ed="Bd" n="41"/>operis boni. Istud autem hic volui
pone<lb break="no" ed="Bd" n="42"/>re: quia quamdam vism intelligibiliorem
<lb ed="Bd" n="43"/>dat, quam quae supra est determinata.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-f16271-d1e481">
<lb ed="Bd" n="44"/>Et ex hoc patet solutio ad totum.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
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