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cod-al7b29_alalal-g90273.xml
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cod-al7b29_alalal-g90273.xml
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<title>Articulus 18</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<name ref="#jeffreycwitt">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<witness xml:id="Be" n="cod-al7b29">Paris 1894, v. 29</witness>
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<div xml:id="alalal-g90273"><!-- l4d14a18 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-g90273-Hd1e99">Articulus 18</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-g90273-Hd1e101" type="question-title">An peccata deleantur per poenitentiam
secundum quod est virtus, vel
sacramentum ? et, An habeat duos actus,
scilicet plangere, et odire ?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e104">
<pb ed="#Be" n="434"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>ARTICULUS XVII*.
<lb ed="#Be" n="2"/>An peccata deleantur per poenitentiam
<lb ed="#Be" n="3"/>secundum quod est virtus, vel
sacra<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="4"/>mentum ? et, An habeat duos actus,
<lb ed="#Be" n="5"/>scilicet plangere, et odire ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e122">
<lb ed="#Be" n="6"/>Deinde queritur de hoc quod dicit,
<lb ed="#Be" n="7"/>ibi, A, § 4: <quote xml:id="alalal-g90273-Qd1e128"> Penitentia est virtus, vel
<lb ed="#Be" n="8"/>gratia, etc. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e134">
<lb ed="#Be" n="9"/>Et quia omnia quae de ista de
diffini<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="10"/>tione erant, dicta sunt, praeter duo supra
<lb ed="#Be" n="11"/>quesita in alia diffinitione : ideo
queri<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="12"/>tur hic, Utrum peccata deleantur per
<lb ed="#Be" n="13"/>poenitentiam secundum quod est virtus,
<lb ed="#Be" n="14"/>vel secundum quod est gratia, vel
se<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="15"/>cundum quod est sacramentum ? eo quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="16"/>Magister dicit hic, quod est virtus, vel
<lb ed="#Be" n="17"/>gratia: et supponitur, quod sit
sacra<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="18"/>mentum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e159">
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>Videtur autem, quod secundum quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>est gratia : quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="21"/>i. Gratia contrariatur culpae : si
igi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="22"/>tur deletur culpa ab aliquo, oportet quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="23"/>deletivum sit gratia: sed a poenitentia
<lb ed="#Be" n="24"/>deletur culpa : ergo poenitentia delet eam
<lb ed="#Be" n="25"/>secundum quod est gratia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e177">
<lb ed="#Be" n="26"/>2. Item, Si virtuti essentiale esset
de<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="27"/>lere culpam : tunc omnis virtus deleret
<lb ed="#Be" n="28"/>peccatum : sed ego video, quod hoc
fal<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="29"/>sum est: quia habetur virtus politica quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="30"/>vere virtus est, et non delet peccatum :
<lb ed="#Be" n="31"/>ergo non est virtutis, sed gratiae, ut
<lb ed="#Be" n="32"/>virtutis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e195">
<lb ed="#Be" n="33"/>3. Item, Gratia exislente in actu, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="34"/>virtute in munere tantum, ut in
parvu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="35"/>lis, fit deletio peccati secundum quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="36"/>culpa est : ergo videtur, quod
essentia<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="37"/>tiale sit gratia delere culpam : ergo si
<lb ed="#Be" n="38"/>poenitentia remittit culpam, hoc fit in
<lb ed="#Be" n="39"/>quantum est gratia, et non in quantum
<lb ed="#Be" n="40"/>est virtus, vel sacramentum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e215">
<lb ed="#Be" n="41"/>Si forte dicas, quod virtus sequivoce
<lb ed="#Be" n="42"/>dicitur de virtute infusa et politica: ef
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="43"/>ideo licet virtus politica non deleat, ta.
<lb ed="#Be" n="44"/>men virtus infusa delet peccata. Videty,
<lb ed="#Be" n="45"/>hoc esse falsum: guia virtus diffinityue
<lb ed="#Be" n="46"/>per actum proprium : actus autem pro~
<lb ed="#Be" n="47"/>prius non est gequivocus in virtute infu.
<lb ed="#Be" n="48"/>sa, et acquisita.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e237">
<lb ed="#Be" n="49"/>4. Item, Cum sic dicitur virtus infusa,
<lb ed="#Be" n="50"/>et virtus acquisita, non tangitar diversi.
<lb ed="#Be" n="51"/>tas nisi causae efficientis : causa autem
<lb ed="#Be" n="52"/>efficiens nibil est de essentia rei: ergo
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>penes causam efficientem non accipient
<lb ed="#Be" n="54"/>rationem equivocationis virtus infusa et
<lb ed="#Be" n="55"/>acquisita : ergo si non est essentiale
de<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="56"/>lere peccatum virtuti acquisite, non erit
<lb ed="#Be" n="57"/>etiam naturale gratuite.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e259">
<lb ed="#Be" n="58"/>SED CONTRA :
<lb ed="#Be" n="59"/>1. Peccatum relinquitur ex actu, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="60"/>impotentia operantis : ergo id quod remo.-
<lb ed="#Be" n="61"/>vet ipsum, debet esse in poenitentia
se<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="62"/>cundum quod est ordinata ad opus : hac
<lb ed="#Be" n="63"/>autem est virtus, et nou gratia
secun<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="64"/>dum quod hujusmodi ergo videtur,
<lb ed="#Be" n="65"/>quod delens sit virtus, et non gratia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e280">
<lb ed="#Be" n="66"/>2. Item, Peccatum est voluntarium,
<lb ed="#Be" n="67"/>ut dicit Augustinus : et si non sit
volun<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="68"/>tarium, non erit peccatum : ergo est in
<lb ed="#Be" n="69"/>voluntate : ergo respicit potentiam
ani<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="70"/>me : sed gratia magis respicit essentiam
<lb ed="#Be" n="71"/>anime, quam potentiam : et virtus magis
<lb ed="#Be" n="72"/>potentiam respicit, quam essentiam :
<lb ed="#Be" n="73"/>ergo peccatum magis tollitur poenitentia
<lb ed="#Be" n="74"/>prout est virtus, quam prout est gratia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e302">
<lb ed="#Be" n="75"/>Viverur AuTEM, quod peccatum
tolla<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="76"/>tur poenitentia prout ipsa est
sacramen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="77"/>tum : quia, sicut supra habitum est,
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e311">
<lb ed="#Be" n="78"/>1. Gratia sacramentalis principaliter
<lb ed="#Be" n="79"/>ordinatur contra defectum peccati: pa@-
<lb ed="#Be" n="80"/>nitentia autem est sacramentum
institu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="81"/>tum contra morbum peccati actualis:
<lb ed="#Be" n="82"/>ergo est causa illius: ergo tollit
pecca<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="83"/>tum in quantum est sacramentum.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e327">
<lb ed="#Be" n="84"/>2. Item, Omne sacramentum nove
le<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="85"/>gis est signum et causa gratiae : ergo ¢
<lb ed="#Be" n="86"/>istud : ergo in quantum sacramentum
<lb ed="#Be" n="87"/>causat gratiam remittentem morbul
<lb ed="#Be" n="88"/>peccati actualis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e340">
<lb ed="#Be" n="89"/>Unrerws queritur de hoc quod dici-
<pb ed="#Be" n="435"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>tur, <quote xml:id="alalal-g90273-Qd1e350"> Plangimus, e¢ odumus : </quote> Unius
<lb ed="#Be" n="2"/>enim unus est actus proprius et
essentia<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="3"/>lis : sed poenitentia non est nisi unum
<lb ed="#Be" n="4"/>quid: ergo habet unum actum : ergo
<lb ed="#Be" n="5"/>alter superfluit.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e362">
<lb ed="#Be" n="6"/>Ivem queritur, In quo differt
plange<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="7"/>re, et odisse sive odio habere peccatum ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e370">
<lb ed="#Be" n="8"/>Videtur, quod utrumque sit respectu
<lb ed="#Be" n="9"/>preteritorum : quia premittitur in
Lid<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="10"/>tera, <quote xml:id="alalal-g90273-Qd1e378"> Qua commissa mala plangimus
<lb ed="#Be" n="11"/>ct odimus : </quote> ergo videtur, quod
alte<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="12"/>rum superfluit : quia commissa mala
<lb ed="#Be" n="13"/>preterita suflicit plangere.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e389">
<lb ed="#Be" n="14"/>Item, Gregorius dicit, quod odium est
<lb ed="#Be" n="15"/>ira inveterata : et hoc non videtur
con<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="16"/>venire de novo poenitenti, quia nondum
<lb ed="#Be" n="17"/>iratus est de peccatis suis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e400">
<lb ed="#Be" n="18"/>Solutio. Dicendum sine prejudicio ad
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>primum, quod poenitentia delet culpam
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>in quantum est gratia. Utrum autem
ali<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="21"/>qua differentia sit et yus inter gratiam,
<lb ed="#Be" n="22"/>et virtutem, in secundo libro hujus
volu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="23"/>minis notavimus*: et ideo non oportet
<lb ed="#Be" n="24"/>hic replicare. Sed tamen in peccato tria
<lb ed="#Be" n="25"/>sunt, scilicet culpa quae maculat ex
pri<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="26"/>vationé boni gratuiti et vitiatione
natu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="27"/>ralis, et actus qui inficit potentiam,
vi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="28"/>tium relinquendo in ipsa, et vulnus
<lb ed="#Be" n="29"/>quod infligit. Et quantum ad primum
<lb ed="#Be" n="30"/>proprie tollitur gratia, quantum ad
se<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="31"/>cundum virtute, et quantum ad tertium
<lb ed="#Be" n="32"/>sacramento : et tamen principaliter
de<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="33"/>letio peceati et culpe, gratice actus est:
<lb ed="#Be" n="34"/>quia virtus in quantum virtus non habet
<lb ed="#Be" n="35"/>hoc de se, sed potius secundum quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="36"/>est gratia informata, et similiter
secun<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="37"/>dum quod sacramentum non habet hoc
<lb ed="#Be" n="38"/>nisi in quantum est causativum gratia.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e448">
<lb ed="#Be" n="39"/>Dicatur ergo ad primum et secundum,
<lb ed="#Be" n="40"/>quod licet gratia essentialiter habeat
<lb ed="#Be" n="41"/>contrarietatem ad culpam in eo quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="42"/>hujusmodi, non tamen pertingit ad
po<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="43"/>tentias a quibus etiam expellitur
pecca<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="44"/>tum, nisi in quantum unila est virtutibus:
<lb ed="#Be" n="45"/>et ideo gratia, et virtutibus, et
sacra<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="46"/>Mento reimittitur pecoatum sufficienter.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e468">
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="47"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod sicut bene
<lb ed="#Be" n="48"/>objicitur in contrarium, virtus infusa, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="49"/>acquisita studio nostro, differunt
essen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="50"/>tialiter et formaliter : et ideo quod
conve<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="51"/>nit uni, non oportet quod conveniat alteri.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e484">
<lb ed="#Be" n="52"/>Ad 1p autem quod objicitur contra
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>hoc, dicendum quod licet causa efficiens
<lb ed="#Be" n="54"/>sit diversa, tamen plus quam efficiens
<lb ed="#Be" n="55"/>importatur in his verbis, vérius iumfusa,
<lb ed="#Be" n="56"/>et virtus per medium humanum
acquisi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="57"/>ta: cum enim dicitur ifusa, intelligitur
<lb ed="#Be" n="58"/>illa quae radicatur in gratia : et cum
di<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="59"/>citur acguisiia, intelligitur illa quae
re<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="60"/>licta est ex consuetudine, quasi
coessen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="61"/>tialis ili: sicut dicit Philosophus, quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="62"/>quales sunt opcrationes, tales sunt et
<lb ed="#Be" n="63"/>habitus : et ideo oportet, quod ille
vir<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="64"/>tutes differant essentialiter.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e516">
<lb ed="#Be" n="65"/>Ad hoc quod objicitur, quod virtus aa object.
<lb ed="#Be" n="66"/>purgat peccaitum, dicendum quod hoc
<lb ed="#Be" n="67"/>facit virtus gratia informata, et non alia,
<lb ed="#Be" n="68"/>sicut dictum est.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e527">
<lb ed="#Be" n="69"/>Et per hoc patet solutio ad totum
<lb ed="#Be" n="70"/>quod objectum est de prima parte
diffi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="71"/>nitionis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-g90273-d1e536">
<lb ed="#Be" n="72"/>Ad id quod ulterius queritur, scilicet
<lb ed="#Be" n="73"/>de plangere, et odire, dicendum quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="74"/>duo sunt essentialia peccato, et duo quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="75"/>coexistunt : et ideo tanguniur quatuor
<lb ed="#Be" n="76"/>in hac diffinitione. Primum essentiale est
<lb ed="#Be" n="77"/>detestari peccatum commissum in
quan<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="78"/>tum hujusmodi, sicut prius dictum est,
<lb ed="#Be" n="79"/>et hoc notatur per plangere. Remansit
<lb ed="#Be" n="80"/>autem radix illius peccati et reatus, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="81"/>respeclu ejus est odium commissi
crimi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="82"/>nis, et supponit hoc odium iram per
e<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="83"/>lum. Primum autem quod coexistit est
<lb ed="#Be" n="84"/>propositum emendationis per
confessio<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="85"/>nem et satisfactionem. Secundum est
<lb ed="#Be" n="86"/>propositum ultra non committendi. Sic
<lb ed="#Be" n="87"/>ergo quatuor suntin poenitentia. Unum
<lb ed="#Be" n="88"/>respectu actus commissi, secundum
re<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="89"/>spectu radicis : et tertium coexistit
re<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="90"/>spectu preteriti, et quartum coexistit
re<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="91"/>spectu futuri : quae duo necessaria sunt,
<lb ed="#Be" n="92"/>ne sit Gctus ipse poenitens.
</p>
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<pb ed="#Be" n="436"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>Et per hoc patet solutio ad duo
ulti<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="2"/>ma,
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