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cod-al7b29_alalal-ggg213.xml
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cod-al7b29_alalal-ggg213.xml
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<title>Articulus 1</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<witness xml:id="Be" n="cod-al7b29">Paris 1894, v. 29</witness>
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<div xml:id="alalal-ggg213"><!-- l4d1a1 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-ggg213-Hd1e99">Articulus 1</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-ggg213-Hd1e101" type="question-title">An sacramentum sit necessarium ?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e104">
<pb ed="#Be" n="4"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>ARTICULUS I.
<lb ed="#Be" n="2"/>An sacramentum sit necessarium ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e115">
<lb ed="#Be" n="3"/>Incidunt autem quaestiones ante
Lit<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="4"/>teram quatuor, scilicet an sacramentum
<lb ed="#Be" n="5"/>sit ?
<lb ed="#Be" n="6"/>Et, de differentia gratiae sacramentalis
<lb ed="#Be" n="7"/>ad gratiam quae est in virtutibus et
do<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="8"/>nis.
<lb ed="#Be" n="9"/>Tertio, Quct numero sint sacramenta ?
<lb ed="#Be" n="10"/>Quarto, de ordine ipsorum ad.
invi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="11"/>cem.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e137">
<lb ed="#Be" n="12"/>Ad primum autem horum proceditur
<lb ed="#Be" n="13"/>sic :
<lb ed="#Be" n="14"/>1. Nihil superfluum est in natura :
er<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="15"/>go multo minus in gratia : sed per
virtu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="16"/>tes et dona sufficienter curatur homo a
<lb ed="#Be" n="17"/>peccato, et adjuvatur ad bonum : ergo
<lb ed="#Be" n="18"/>superflua sunt sacramenta : ergo non
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>sunt, quia superfluum non est in gratia.
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>Prima constat. Mepia probatur ex hoc
<lb ed="#Be" n="21"/>quod quodlibet peccatum expellitur per
<lb ed="#Be" n="22"/>sibi optatam virtulem, et quelibet virtus
<lb ed="#Be" n="23"/>ordinatur in bonum sui actus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e167">
<lb ed="#Be" n="24"/>2. Item, Non est de ordine sapientia
<lb ed="#Be" n="25"/>quod fortius juvetur ab infirmiori :
cor<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="26"/>poralia autem elementa in quibus omne
<lb ed="#Be" n="27"/>sacramentum consistit, infirmiora sunt
<lb ed="#Be" n="28"/>anima hominis et inferiora : ergo
vide<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="29"/>tur, quod sacramentum esse non
de<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="30"/>beat.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e185">
<lb ed="#Be" n="31"/>3. Item, Aut debilior ostenditur artifex
<lb ed="#Be" n="32"/>aut instrumentum suum, qui quandoque
<lb ed="#Be" n="33"/>curavit uno instrumento morbum
ali<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="34"/>quem, et postea eget duobus : sed
quan<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="35"/>doque curavit Deus fide sola morbum, ut
<lb ed="#Be" n="36"/>habebimus in sequenti distinctione,
mo<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="37"/>do autem curat fide et sacramentis :
er<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="38"/>go vel ipse vel fides debilior est, quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="39"/>cum falsum sit, videtur quod non sit
ne<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="40"/>cessarium sacramentum.
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<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e209">
<lb ed="#Be" n="41"/>4. Item, <ref xml:id="alalal-ggg213-Rd1e213">Philosophus in libro XVI
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="42"/>Animalium</ref> : <quote xml:id="alalal-ggg213-Qd1e220"> Si non tangit, non agit,
<lb ed="#Be" n="43"/>et non sequitur alteratio : </quote> sed
elemen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="44"/>tum corporale in quo omne
sacramen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="45"/>tum confertur, ut habebimus in Liéfera,
<lb ed="#Be" n="46"/>animam non tangit : ergo in ipsam non
<lb ed="#Be" n="47"/>agit, et non sequitur alteratio sanitatis
<lb ed="#Be" n="48"/>in anima: ergo sacramentum est
inu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="49"/>tile.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e239">
<lb ed="#Be" n="50"/>Sed si forte tu dicas, quod hxc ratio
<lb ed="#Be" n="51"/>non valet nisi de his quae sunt causa
sa<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="52"/>lutis, et non de his quae sunt signa : quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>spirituale bene significatur corporalibus :
<lb ed="#Be" n="54"/>licet illa ratio probat, quod non posset
<lb ed="#Be" n="55"/>curari in ipso. Contra : Dicit Magister
<lb ed="#Be" n="56"/>Hugo in parte octava libri de
Sacramen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="57"/>tis, quod <quote xml:id="alalal-ggg213-Qd1e258"> illa sacramenta quae sunt
si<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="58"/>gna tantum, non sunt sacramenta nisi
<lb ed="#Be" n="59"/>in quantum significant ila quae sunt
cau<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="60"/>sa gratia: </quote> si ergo necessarium sit
cau<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="61"/>sans, necessarium eril signans : sed
ne<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="62"/>cessarium est causans, ut probatum est :
<lb ed="#Be" n="63"/>ergo necessarium erit signans : et sic
<lb ed="#Be" n="64"/>omnino necessarium erit sacramentum,
<lb ed="#Be" n="65"/>ut videtur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e279">
<lb ed="#Be" n="66"/>Item, Sacramentum videtur esse
<lb ed="#Be" n="67"/>ritus idolelatriw, et quasi imitamur in
<lb ed="#Be" n="68"/>eis athletas Gentilium : quia dicit
Apo<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="69"/>stolus, ad Galat. 1v, 9: Guomedo
con<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="70"/>vertimint iterum ad infirma et egena
<lb ed="#Be" n="71"/>elementa, quibus denuo servire vullis ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e295">
<lb ed="#Be" n="72"/>SED CONTRA :
<lb ed="#Be" n="73"/>In medicina corporum non est idem
<lb ed="#Be" n="74"/>modus regendi sanum, et curandi
infir<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="75"/>mum : ergo nec in medicina spirituali
<lb ed="#Be" n="76"/>idem modus erit. Constat autem, quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="77"/>per virtutes et dona regitur sanus : quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="78"/>si homo non peccasset, ipse haberet
vir<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="79"/>tutes et dona : ergo non per illa debet
<lb ed="#Be" n="80"/>curari, sed per alia : et haec sunt
sacra<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="81"/>menta : ergo sacraments sunt
necessa<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="82"/>ria.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e322">
<lb ed="#Be" n="83"/>Solutio. Dicendum, quod
sacramen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="84"/>ta sunt, et necessaria sunt ad salutem,
<lb ed="#Be" n="85"/>sine quibus a tempore merbi nulla fuit
<lb ed="#Be" n="86"/>salus.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e333">
<lb ed="#Be" n="87"/>Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod per
<lb ed="#Be" n="88"/>virtutes et dona quantum est de se, non
<lb ed="#Be" n="89"/>substantialiter curatur morbus, Duo enim
<pb ed="#Be" n="5"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>sunt quae exiguntur in medicina curante
<lb ed="#Be" n="2"/>morbum : utper contrarietatem morbum
<lb ed="#Be" n="3"/>expellat, et hoc solum habent virtutes et
<lb ed="#Be" n="4"/>dona et ut leniendo dolorem quasi
<lb ed="#Be" n="5"/>ungendo et jovendo naturam anime
sa<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="6"/>net, et hoc per se habent sacramenta, in
<lb ed="#Be" n="7"/>quibus ungil sanguis Christi et operatur.
<lb ed="#Be" n="8"/>Et haec solutio est vera.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e364">
<lb ed="#Be" n="9"/>Aliter dicunt quidam, quod multa
me<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="10"/>dicamina ad idem non superfluunt : quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="11"/>citius sanitas per mulla quam per pauca
<lb ed="#Be" n="12"/>acquiritur. Sed licct hoc verum sit, non
<lb ed="#Be" n="13"/>tamen virtules et dona sunt
substantia<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="14"/>liter ordinata contra morbum peccati :
<lb ed="#Be" n="15"/>quia eliam haberentur si non esset
pec<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="16"/>catum : et ideo quod sanant cum
quan<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="17"/>doque, hoc est per accidens, scilicet quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="18"/>inveniunt cum in subjecto.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e388">
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>Vel dicatur ad haec verius : et tune
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>solvitur totum, quod est solutio morbi a
<lb ed="#Be" n="21"/>parte nostra : et haec fit per gratiam quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="22"/>est in virtutibus et donis, per qu@ nos
<lb ed="#Be" n="23"/>meremur sanitatem mentis, per
pecca<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="24"/>ium perditam.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e404">
<lb ed="#Be" n="25"/>Et solutio alia est per virtutem
Pas<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="26"/>sionis Christi, sine qua nullum meritum
<lb ed="#Be" n="27"/>nostrum aliquid valet, sicut habitum est
<lb ed="#Be" n="28"/>in tertio libro Senéentiarum : et haec
so<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="29"/>lutio morbi fit in saeramentis, in quibus
<lb ed="#Be" n="30"/>Christi Passio operatur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e420">
<lb ed="#Be" n="31"/>Ad aliud dubium dicendum, quod de
<lb ed="#Be" n="32"/>ordine sapientiae est, ul per humilitatem
<lb ed="#Be" n="33"/>resurgal superbus. Et nisi natura
supe<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="34"/>rior se injuste superiori se opposuisset,
<lb ed="#Be" n="35"/>non inferiori sublevaretur : sed quia
op<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="36"/>posuit se et subjecit setpsam, ideo
ordi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="37"/>natissimum fuit ut per inferiorem se
re<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="38"/>surgeret,
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e441">
<lb ed="#Be" n="39"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod numquam
<lb ed="#Be" n="40"/>fides sine sacramento legis nove salutem
<lb ed="#Be" n="41"/>operata est : sed tantum intererat, quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="42"/>sanabat antiquitus sacramentum in fide
<lb ed="#Be" n="43"/>exspectantium, et modo in opere
exerci<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="44"/>tantium.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e457">
<lb ed="#Be" n="45"/>Alii dicunt aliter, scilicet quod si
va<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="46"/>luit quandoque fides sola ad
justificatio<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="47"/>nem, hoc fuit per se : quod autem modo
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="48"/>non sola facit, hoc est per accidens,
sci<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="49"/>licet gratia status : et non est ex hoc
in<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="50"/>firmior : sicut preeceptum sufficit alicul
<lb ed="#Be" n="51"/>ad salatem sine voto consiliorum : si
au<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="52"/>tem votum supervenerit, non sufficit : et
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>tamen propter hoc non est debilior
obe<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="54"/>dientia in preceptis quam primum fuit :
<lb ed="#Be" n="55"/>sed hoc est propter alium statum
<lb ed="#Be" n="56"/>fidelis.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e488">
<lb ed="#Be" n="57"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod
sacramen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="58"/>tum tangit : et ideo sequitur alteratio in
<lb ed="#Be" n="59"/>anima : tangit enim in quantum est
si<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="60"/>enum et causa. In sacramento enim non
<lb ed="#Be" n="61"/>est visibile elementum tantum : sed
san<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="62"/>ctificatio conjuncta, cujus virtus per
<lb ed="#Be" n="63"/>fidem pertingit in anima : et ideo alterat
<lb ed="#Be" n="64"/>et sanat eam. Et hoc infra magis patebit
<lb ed="#Be" n="65"/>in Litera, cum queretur, Quid sit
sacra<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="66"/>mentum ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-ggg213-d1e512">
<lb ed="#Be" n="67"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod in
sacra<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="68"/>mentis nullus est ritus athletarum
idolo<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="69"/>latriae : quia illi convertebant se ad
ele<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="70"/>menta, credendo cis inesse numen ex
na<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="71"/>tura sua. Et ideo diversimode : quia
qui<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="72"/>dam virtutes naturales in elementis, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="73"/>elementa deos putabant : et cuilibet
ac<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="74"/>tui nature constituerunt proprium deum,
<lb ed="#Be" n="75"/>sicut dixit Varro : et stellas deos
voca<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="76"/>bant. Alii dicebant animam mundi diffu -
<lb ed="#Be" n="77"/>sam in toto orbe, et precipue animam
<lb ed="#Be" n="78"/>que est virtus intelligentiw quam
pone<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="79"/>bantin decimo ordine, qui est sub
spha<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="80"/>ra lune. Et ideo dicit Apostolus ' :
Quo<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="81"/>modo convertimini iterum ad infirma,
<lb ed="#Be" n="82"/>quoad primum, et egena elementa, quoad
<lb ed="#Be" n="83"/>secundum : quia nec virtutem habent ex
<lb ed="#Be" n="84"/>se, ut dit dicantur : nec anime sunt in
<lb ed="#Be" n="85"/>eis, ut sic dicantur egeni. Sed nostra
<lb ed="#Be" n="86"/>elementa sunt virtuosa et ditia :
virtuo<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="87"/>sa, quia Passio Christi operatur in eis:
<lb ed="#Be" n="88"/>ditia vero, quia continent gratiam quam
<lb ed="#Be" n="89"/>figurant : et ideo salubre est converti ad
<lb ed="#Be" n="90"/>ipsa.
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