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cod-al7b29_alalal-h68696.xml
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cod-al7b29_alalal-h68696.xml
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<title>Articulus 11</title>
<author ref="#Albert">Albertus Magnus</author>
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<name ref="#jeffreycwitt">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<witness xml:id="Be" n="cod-al7b29">Paris 1894, v. 29</witness>
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<div xml:id="alalal-h68696"><!-- l4d18a11 -->
<head xml:id="alalal-h68696-Hd1e99">Articulus 11</head>
<head xml:id="alalal-h68696-Hd1e101" type="question-title">Quae et qualis sit potestas sacerdotum
in dimittendis peccatis ?</head>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e104">
<lb ed="#Be" n="10"/>ARTICULUS XI.
<lb ed="#Be" n="11"/>Quae et qualis sit potestas sacerdotum
<lb ed="#Be" n="12"/>in dimittendis peccatis ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e113">
<lb ed="#Be" n="13"/>Deinde queritur de hoc quod dicit,
<lb ed="#Be" n="14"/>ibi, E, <quote xml:id="alalal-h68696-Qd1e119"> Nec ideo tamen negamus, etc. </quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e122">
<lb ed="#Be" n="15"/>Quaeritur autem hie utilis questio,
<lb ed="#Be" n="16"/>Quae sit potestas sacerdotum in
dimitten<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="17"/>dis peccatis ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e132">
<lb ed="#Be" n="18"/>Constat enim, quod haec non est super
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>culpam, nec super poenam aeternam :
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>queratur ergo, super quam poenam se
<lb ed="#Be" n="21"/>extendit?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e143">
<lb ed="#Be" n="22"/>1. Est autem accipere in genere pone
<lb ed="#Be" n="23"/>tres modos poenarum, scilicet poenam
<lb ed="#Be" n="24"/>eternam, et transitoriam viribus
peeni<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="25"/>tentis improportionatam, et
transito<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="26"/>riam viribus poenitentis proportionatam,
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e156">
<lb ed="#Be" n="27"/>Similiter, Tria sunt in poenitentia
<lb ed="#Be" n="28"/>Operantia contra poenam peccati, scilicet
<lb ed="#Be" n="29"/>dolor informatus gratia qui operatur
<lb ed="#Be" n="30"/>contra aeternam poenam, et confessio
fa<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="31"/>ciens poenam transitoriam viribus
pceni<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="32"/>tentis proportionatam, et satisfactio quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="33"/>delet poenam viribus poenitentis taxatam.
<lb ed="#Be" n="34"/>Ergo cum potestas clavium sit media,
<lb ed="#Be" n="35"/>post primam, et ante tertiam : videtur
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="36"/>quod ipsa operatur supra poenam
me<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="37"/>diam quae est quidem transitoria, et
ta<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="38"/>men viribus pcenitentis non
proportio<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="39"/>nata.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e189">
<lb ed="#Be" n="40"/>2. Adhuc, Dimissa poena aeterna,
ad<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="41"/>huc non recessit homo a judicio divino,
<lb ed="#Be" n="42"/>quia restat sibi poena purgatorii : sed
<lb ed="#Be" n="43"/>per claves et satisfactionem non
adimi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="44"/>tur : ergo purgatio secundum ordinem
<lb ed="#Be" n="45"/>justitizs media est inter aeternam, et
il<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="46"/>lam quae injungitur in satisfactione
<lb ed="#Be" n="47"/>ergo videtur, quod aeterna immediate
<lb ed="#Be" n="48"/>commutetur inillam, et illa per claves in
<lb ed="#Be" n="49"/>istam quie est satisfactionts : ergo
pote<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="50"/>stas clavium est super pcoenam
purgato<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="51"/>riam : haec autem excedit omnem
pe<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="52"/>nam hujus vite, ut dicit Augustinus, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>infra habebitur : ergo ipsa viribus
pceni<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="54"/>tentis secundum hunec statum non est
<lb ed="#Be" n="55"/>proportionata : et inde ut prius.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e226">
<lb ed="#Be" n="56"/>3. Adhuc, Clavis operatur per
virtu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="57"/>tem doloris passionis Christi : dolor
au<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="58"/>tem ille improportionatus est omni
pas<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="59"/>sioni quam aliquis potest sustinere in
<lb ed="#Be" n="60"/>hac vita, ut probatum est super tertium
<lb ed="#Be" n="61"/>librum Sententiarum ergo videtur,
<lb ed="#Be" n="62"/>quod contra illam poenam operatur, quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="63"/>quidem est transitoria, tamen viribus .
<lb ed="#Be" n="64"/>peenitentis non est proportionata : et
<lb ed="#Be" n="65"/>inde arguitur ut prius.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e250">
<lb ed="#Be" n="66"/>4. Adhuc, Ambrosius dicit, et ponitur
<lb ed="#Be" n="67"/>in tertio libro Sententiarum *, et
Ansel<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="68"/>mus probat in libro Cur Deus homo,
<pb ed="#Be" n="784"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>quod nulla poenitentia nostra sufficeret,
<lb ed="#Be" n="2"/>nisi esset meritum Christi coadjuvans :
<lb ed="#Be" n="3"/>quod autem non sufficit poenitentia
no<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="4"/>stra, nulla causa est nisi quod majoris
<lb ed="#Be" n="5"/>quam solvere possumus debitores
su<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="6"/>mus : et haec est improportio potentia
<lb ed="#Be" n="7"/>solvendi in nobis : et hoc pro nobis
sol<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="8"/>vit Christus : ergo iterum ut prius,
<lb ed="#Be" n="9"/>passio Christi quae in clavibus operatur,
<lb ed="#Be" n="10"/>habet - effectum contra illum modum
<lb ed="#Be" n="11"/>poenae, qui excedit vires nostras.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e288">
<lb ed="#Be" n="12"/>SED IN coNTRARIUM hujus objicitur sic :
<lb ed="#Be" n="13"/>1. Poona purgatorii non est de foro
<lb ed="#Be" n="14"/>Ecclesia, quia nec demereri ibi
existen<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="15"/>tes : sed solam poenam quae est de foro
<lb ed="#Be" n="16"/>Ecclesia potest sacerdos per claves
<lb ed="#Be" n="17"/>Ecclesiae mutare et dimittere : ergo
<lb ed="#Be" n="18"/>pcenam purgatoriam nec mutare potest,
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>nec dimittere..
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e308">
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>2. Adhuc, Ponamus, quod aliquis —
<lb ed="#Be" n="21"/>decedat antequam perficiat poenitentiam
<lb ed="#Be" n="22"/>sibi a sacerdote injunctam, quae debita
<lb ed="#Be" n="23"/>fuit peccatis suis : constat, quod ipse
<lb ed="#Be" n="24"/>transibit in purgatoriam : non autem
<lb ed="#Be" n="25"/>transiret, nisi ipse esset debitor pene
<lb ed="#Be" n="26"/>illius : ergo adhuc ipse est debitor illius
<lb ed="#Be" n="27"/>pene : ergo non fuit commutata, ut
<lb ed="#Be" n="28"/>videtur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e330">
<lb ed="#Be" n="29"/>Si dicas, quod in tali casu expiativa
<lb ed="#Be" n="30"/>per satisfactionem mutatur in
purgato<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="31"/>riam. Contra : Purgatoria
incomparabi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="32"/>liter gravior est, quam expiativa per
<lb ed="#Be" n="33"/>satisfactionem : si ergo poena expiativa
<lb ed="#Be" n="34"/>per. satisfactionem fuit sufficiens, illa
<lb ed="#Be" n="35"/>que est in purgatorio erit ultra
condi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="36"/>enum : sed Deus nullum punit ultra
<lb ed="#Be" n="37"/>condignnm : ergo Deus non puniet illum
<lb ed="#Be" n="38"/>pena purgatorii, quod falsum ést : ergo
<lb ed="#Be" n="39"/>et hoc falsum ex quo sequebatur,
scili<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="40"/>cet quod expiativa per poenitentiam illi
<lb ed="#Be" n="41"/>injuncta, mutata sit in purgatoriam.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e361">
<lb ed="#Be" n="42"/>Uxrerivus queritur, Cum multe pene
<lb ed="#Be" n="43"/>respondeant peccatis praeter sensibilem
<lb ed="#Be" n="44"/>in acerbitate caloris et frigoris, scilicet
<lb ed="#Be" n="45"/>poena vermis conscientiae, et poena
ca<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="46"/>renti# visionis Dei, et poena horroris
<lb ed="#Be" n="47"/>carceris et societatis male, in quid
mu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="48"/>tantur omnes iste pene ?
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e379">
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="49"/>Videtur enim, guod commutari
de<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="50"/>beant : quia eadem ratio est de una et
<lb ed="#Be" n="51"/>de alia: et una mutatur, scilicet
sensibi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="52"/>lis in acerbitate caloris et frigoris : ergo
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>et alia debent mutari.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e395">
<lb ed="#Be" n="54"/>Responsio. Ad hoc dicendum, quod in
<lb ed="#Be" n="55"/>veritate, meo judicio, essentialis actus
<lb ed="#Be" n="56"/>clavis est super poenam illam quae
dici<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="57"/>tur purgatoria, sicut videntur satis
pro<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="58"/>babiliter concludere rationes primo
indu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="59"/>cte : non tamen negandum videtur,
<lb ed="#Be" n="60"/>quod ille qui habet in clavibus majorem
<lb ed="#Be" n="61"/>jurisdictionem sicut Episcopus, Legatus,
<lb ed="#Be" n="62"/>et Papa, posset etiam de expiativa pana
<lb ed="#Be" n="63"/>plus et minus dimittere secundum
discre<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="64"/>tum judicium causae necessitatis vel
uti<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="65"/>litatis, sicut infra dicemus, cum de
<lb ed="#Be" n="66"/>indulgentiis et relaxationibus erit sermo.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e427">
<lb ed="#Be" n="67"/>Ad id ergo quod primo objicitur in
<lb ed="#Be" n="68"/>contrarium, dicendum quod haec poena
<lb ed="#Be" n="69"/>non dicitur purgatoria a loco vel foro
<lb ed="#Be" n="70"/>purgatorii, quia sic non esset nisi post
<lb ed="#Be" n="71"/>mortem : sed dicitur purgatoria a
simi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="72"/>litudine proprietatis in duobus, scilicet
<lb ed="#Be" n="73"/>quia est secundum judicium Dei, et quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="74"/>est improportionabilis viribus hominis,
<lb ed="#Be" n="75"/>sicut poena purgatorti si modo
imponere<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="76"/>tur ad. sustinendum. Cum enim mutatio
<lb ed="#Be" n="77"/>ad extremum non sit nisi per medium
<lb ed="#Be" n="78"/>ad minus secundum rationem, et una
<lb ed="#Be" n="79"/>pena sit aeterna, altera autem temporalis
<lb ed="#Be" n="80"/>secundum vires poenitentis taxata,
expia<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="81"/>tiva secundum rationem media est, quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="82"/>quidem temporalis et finibilis est sicut
<lb ed="#Be" n="83"/>secunda, et secundum. vires poeniientis
<lb ed="#Be" n="84"/>non taxata, sed peccato commutato in
<lb ed="#Be" n="85"/>contritione debita : et hac vocatur
pur<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="86"/>gatoria ratione dicta, et est ad minus
<lb ed="#Be" n="87"/>secundum rationem media : et etiam
<lb ed="#Be" n="88"/>nisi esset meritum Christi in clavibus,
<lb ed="#Be" n="89"/>puto quod illa exigeretur ab homine :
<lb ed="#Be" n="90"/>commutatio ergo illius in tertiam est
<lb ed="#Be" n="91"/>essentialis effectus clavis, quem habet in
<lb ed="#Be" n="92"/>omni se clavibus per votum submittente.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e486">
<lb ed="#Be" n="93"/>Ad aliud dicendum, quod licet talis
<lb ed="#Be" n="94"/>transeat in purgatoriam sive post
con<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="95"/>fessionem factam, sive ante, dum
con<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="96"/>temptus religionis non impediverit eum
<pb ed="#Be" n="785"/>
<cb ed="#Be" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="1"/>a confessione, semper in eo commutata
<lb ed="#Be" n="2"/>est poena primo modo purgatoria dicta.
<lb ed="#Be" n="3"/>Et ideo ad propositum nihil facit
obje<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="4"/>clio. Sed quod major sit poena quae est
<lb ed="#Be" n="5"/>post mortem, hoc est per accidens,
scili<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="6"/>cet quia stalus est mutatus : et haec est
<lb ed="#Be" n="7"/>voluntaria, et illa necessaria, et idco
<lb ed="#Be" n="8"/>minorem virtutem habens in purgando :
<lb ed="#Be" n="9"/>et ideo necesse est eam crescere
acerbi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="10"/>tate, et etiam forte diuturnitate. Unde
<lb ed="#Be" n="11"/>patet, quod Deus non punit cum ultra
<lb ed="#Be" n="12"/>condignum : sed hoc accidit ex
mutatio<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="13"/>ne slatus ejus qui purgari debet.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e530">
<lb ed="#Be" n="14"/>Ad id quod queritur ulterius, videtur
<lb ed="#Be" n="15"/>mihi, quod questio nulla est : quia poena
<lb ed="#Be" n="16"/>licet sit mala, quia est ex malo, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="17"/>contraria nature bone, tamen’ non est
<lb ed="#Be" n="18"/>expiativa in quantum hujusmodi, sed in
<lb ed="#Be" n="19"/>quantum veluntarie suscepta : et non
<lb ed="#Be" n="20"/>omnia poena est sic expiativa : quia
<lb ed="#Be" n="21"/>pena damni in spiritualibus
contraria<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="22"/>tur tali expiationi, similiter poena
remor<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="23"/>sus conscienti# : unde iste abjiciuntur,
<lb ed="#Be" n="24"/>sed infliguntur poene expiative, quae
<lb ed="#Be" n="25"/>sole sunt ille gua promovent ad
virtu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="26"/>tem, et ill sunt sole, circa quarum
dif<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="27"/>ficultatem eradicantur vitia, et
inserun<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="28"/>tur virtutes : et ideo non oportet, quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="29"/>ill poenae in quibus hoc non est, in
ali<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="30"/>quid transeant : sed cum peccatis
abji<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="31"/>ciuntur sicut et tenebrae, et excecatio, et
<lb ed="#Be" n="32"/>fetor, et hujusmodi, de quibus supra
<lb ed="#Be" n="33"/>dictum est.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e576">
<lb ed="#Be" n="34"/>Et si objicias, quod aut Deus punit,
<lb ed="#Be" n="35"/>aut homo : ergo necesse est, quod he
<lb ed="#Be" n="36"/>transeant poene in aliquas poenas
homi<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="37"/>nis, vel Deus reservabit eas. Dicendum,
<lb ed="#Be" n="38"/>quod hoc verum est, quod aut Deus
pu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="39"/>nit, aut homo : sed non est necesse quod
<lb ed="#Be" n="40"/>eadem poena puniat homo qua Deus,
<lb ed="#Be" n="41"/>quia quaedam poene adjuncte sunt
pec<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="42"/>cato, et transeunt cum peccato, sicut
<lb ed="#Be" n="43"/>corruptio naturalis boni, et carentia
lu<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="44"/>minis Dei, et hujusmodi quae sunt pene.
<lb ed="#Be" n="45"/>In quibus sibi poena est omnis
inordina<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="46"/>tus actus: et ideo ille non permanent
<cb ed="#Be" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Be" n="47"/>ad virtutem, et ideo ille fugiende sunt,
<lb ed="#Be" n="48"/>et alia poene promoventes ad virtutem
<lb ed="#Be" n="49"/>sunt suscipiendie : et ideo haec questio
<lb ed="#Be" n="50"/>nulla est, ut mihi videtur.
</p>
<p xml:id="alalal-h68696-d1e618">
<lb ed="#Be" n="51"/>Dixerunt tamen antiqui in solutione
<lb ed="#Be" n="52"/>hujus questionis, quod poena carentie
<lb ed="#Be" n="53"/>visionis Dei. mutatur in delectationem
<lb ed="#Be" n="54"/>presenti Dei per gratiam, et poena
ver<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="55"/>mis in peccati detestationem, et poena
<lb ed="#Be" n="56"/>carceris in jucunditatem longanimem
<lb ed="#Be" n="57"/>Ecclesie, quibus ligatur poenitens : et
<lb ed="#Be" n="58"/>peena horrendw societatis in gaudium
<lb ed="#Be" n="59"/>Ecclesiasticee unitatis et communionis,
<lb ed="#Be" n="60"/>ut possit dicere : <quote xml:id="alalal-h68696-Qd1e641"> Participem me fac,
<lb ed="#Be" n="61"/>Deus, omnium timentium te, et
custo<lb break="no" ed="#Be" n="62"/>dientium mandata tua, Domine. </quote>
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