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ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1.xml
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<teiHeader>
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<titleStmt>
<title>I, P. 1, Inq. 1, Tract. 2, Q. 4, Mem. IV, C. 1</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
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<name xml:id="JW">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<date when="2017-02-09">February 09, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<front>
<div xml:id="include-list">
<xi:include href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-lists/master/workscited.xml" xpointer="worksCited"/>
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<body>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-Hd1e3729">I, P. 1, Inq. 1, Tract. 2, Q. 4, Mem. IV, C. 1</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-Hd1e3732" type="question-title">UTRUM DIVINA NATURA TOTA SIT IN OMNI TEMPORE ET SEMPER</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3735">
<lb ed="#Q"/>Consequenter restat quaerendum per compa<lb ed="#Q"/>rationem
aeternitatis ad tempus, utrum di<lb ed="#Q"/>vina
natura tota sit in omni tempore et semper.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3744">
<lb ed="#Q"/>1. Ad quod<!--g--> obicit <name ref="#Anselm">Anselmus</name>, in <title>Monolo<lb ed="#Q"/>gion</title><!--1-->:
<quote>Si<!--h--> summa natura tota est semper et
<lb ed="#Q"/>in singulis temporibus: aut ergo simul aut dis<lb ed="#Q"/>tincte
per diversa tempora. Si simul: sed cum
<lb ed="#Q"/>ipsa tempora non sint simul, nihil<!--i--> poterit totum
<lb ed="#Q"/>simul esse in diversis temporibus: ergo nec summa
<lb ed="#Q"/>essentia. Si distincte, quemadmodum aliquis homo
<lb ed="#Q"/>totus est heri<!--k-->, hodie et cras: proprie dicetur
<lb ed="#Q"/>quod fuit, est et erit; ergo eius aetas, quae nihil
<lb ed="#Q"/>aliud est quam eius aeternitas, non est tota si<lb ed="#Q"/>mul,
sed est partibus extensa per temporum par<lb ed="#Q"/>tes.
Cum ergo in Deo nihil aliud sit aeternitas
<lb ed="#Q"/>quam sua essentia, sequeretur quod eius essentia
<lb ed="#Q"/>esset divisa<!--l--> per partes secundum temporum dis<lb ed="#Q"/>tinctiones</quote>:
quod est impossibile. Relinquitur
<lb ed="#Q"/>ergo quod non est tota in singulis temporibus
<lb ed="#Q"/>sive semper, cum <mentioned>semper</mentioned> distribuat pro sin<lb ed="#Q"/>gulis
temporibus.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3786">
<lb ed="#Q"/>2. Item, idem, in eodem<!--2-->: <quote>Quod totum est in
<lb ed="#Q"/>aliquo loco, nihil eius est quod non sit in eodem
<lb ed="#Q"/>loco</quote><!--m-->. — Item<!--3-->: <quote>De quo nihil est quod non sit
<lb ed="#Q"/>in aliquo loco, nihil de eo est quod sit<!--n--> eodem
<lb ed="#Q"/>tempore extra eumdem locum; quod igitur totum
<lb ed="#Q"/>est in aliquo<!--o--> loco, nihil eius est quod eodem
<lb ed="#Q"/>tempore sit extra ipsum locum</quote>. Impossibile est<!--p-->
<lb ed="#Q"/>igitur quod unum totum simul sit in diversis lo<lb ed="#Q"/>cis,
quia si totum est in uno<!--q--> loco, nihil eius
<lb ed="#Q"/>erit extra in alio<!--r--> loco eodem tempore; relin<cb ed="#Q" n="b"/><lb ed="#Q"/>quitur
ergo quod divina essentia non est tota in
<lb ed="#Q"/>omnibus locis et ubique. Ergo pari ratione nec in
<lb ed="#Q"/>omni tempore et semper, quia si tota est in ali<lb ed="#Q"/>quo
tempore, nihil eius erit extra illud tempus
<lb ed="#Q"/>in alio<!--s--> tempore: relinquitur semper quod im<lb ed="#Q"/>possibile
est quod tota sit simul in omni tempore
<lb ed="#Q"/>et semper.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3828">
<lb ed="#Q"/>Contra: a. <name>Anselmus</name><!--4-->: <quote>Irrefragabiliter con<lb ed="#Q"/>stat
quia sine divina essentia nec aliquid usquam
<lb ed="#Q"/>nec unquam [est], quia sine ea nihil est; necesse
<lb ed="#Q"/>est igitur eam esse ubique et semper et in om<lb ed="#Q"/>nibus
locis et in omnibus temporibus; et quia
<lb ed="#Q"/>simplex est, tota erit ubique, tota erit semper</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3844">
<lb ed="#Q"/>b. Item, <name>Richardus</name>, in libro <title>De Trinitate</title><!--5-->:
<quote>Si omnipotens est, consequenter et ubique po<lb ed="#Q"/>test;
si ubique potest, potentialiter ubique est; si
<lb ed="#Q"/>ubique potentialiter, ubique essentialiter<!--t-->: quia
<lb ed="#Q"/>non est aliud eius potentia et aliud eius es<lb ed="#Q"/>sentia;
si autem ubique essentialiter est, ergo et
<lb ed="#Q"/>ubi locus est et ubi locus non est: erit itaque<!--u-->
<lb ed="#Q"/>intra omnem locum, erit et extra omnem locum,
<lb ed="#Q"/>erit supra omnia, erit infra<!--v--> omnia, intra omnia
<lb ed="#Q"/>et extra omnia</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3866">
<lb ed="#Q"/>c. Item<!--6-->: <quote>Quoniam simplicis naturae est Deus,
<lb ed="#Q"/>non erit hic et ibi divisus per partes, sed ubique
<lb ed="#Q"/>totus; erit igitur<!--x--> in quantulacumque cuiuslibet
<lb ed="#Q"/>totius parte totus et in toto totus<!--y--> et extra to<lb ed="#Q"/>tum
totus</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3879">
<lb ed="#Q"/>d. Item, idem, in eodem<!--7-->: <quote>Sicut eorum, quae
<lb ed="#Q"/>nondum sunt, nihil est ei futurum, sic omnium
<lb ed="#Q"/>eorum, quae iam non sunt, nihil est ei praeteri<lb ed="#Q"/>tum
et omnium eorum, quae iam praesentialiter
<pb ed="#Q" n="111"/>
<cb ed="#Q" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Q"/>sunt, nihil est ei transitorium</quote>. —— Quod con<lb ed="#Q"/>cedendum
est.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3899">
<lb ed="#Q"/>Et ad obiecta secundum <name>Anselmum</name> respon<lb ed="#Q"/>dendum
quod in illis quae<!--b--> lege loci aut tem<lb ed="#Q"/>poris
coarctantur, sicut ea quae sic sunt in loco
<lb ed="#Q"/>vel tempore ut loci spatium vel diuturnitatem
<lb ed="#Q"/>temporis non excedant, tenet illud quod dicitur:
<mentioned>unum et idem totum non posse simul esse in
<lb ed="#Q"/>diversis locis et temporibus</mentioned>; in iis vero, quae
<lb ed="#Q"/>huiusmodi non sunt, hoc ipsum nulla necessitate
<lb ed="#Q"/>concluditur<!--c-->, quale est divina natura. Quod sic
<lb ed="#Q"/>probat <name ref="#Anselm">Anselmus</name><!--1-->: <quote>Cuius amplitudini aut
<lb ed="#Q"/>diuturnitati nulla meta vel a loco vel a tempore
<lb ed="#Q"/>opponitur, illi<!--d--> nullum esse locum vel tempus
<lb ed="#Q"/>vere proponitur, quia locus non facit ei quod
<lb ed="#Q"/>locus, nec tempus quod tempus</quote>. Ex quo se<lb ed="#Q"/>quitur
quod <quote>nullatenus loci aut temporis conti<lb ed="#Q"/>nentia
cingitur, nulla eorum lege constringitur.
<lb ed="#Q"/>Quoniam ergo summam essentiam totam<!--e--> neces<lb ed="#Q"/>sitas
exigit nulli loco aut tempori deesse, et nulla
<lb ed="#Q"/>ratio loci aut temporis prohibet omni loco aut
<lb ed="#Q"/>tempori simul totam adesse<!--f-->, necesse est eam
<lb ed="#Q"/>simul totam omnibus locis et temporibus prae<lb ed="#Q"/>sentem
esse</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3947">
<lb ed="#Q"/>1. Ad illud ergo quod primo obicit iam patet
<lb ed="#Q"/>responsio. Nam in omnibus temporibus dicitur
<lb ed="#Q"/>tota simul, quamvis ipsa tempora non sint simul,
<lb ed="#Q"/>quia etsi ipsa tempora succedant et transeant,
<lb ed="#Q"/>aeternitati tamen eius non transeunt, sicut probat
<lb ed="#Q"/><name>Richardus</name><!--2-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e3964">
<lb ed="#Q"/>2. Ad secundum iam patet responsio, quod
<lb ed="#Q"/>cum <mentioned>totum</mentioned> dicatur multipliciter — uno modo to<lb ed="#Q"/>tum
ex partibus constitutum; alio modo quod sic
<lb ed="#Q"/>est ut nihil eius sit extra; tertio modo, quod est
<lb ed="#Q"/>perfectum et completum<!--3--> — hoc ultimo modo
<cb ed="#Q" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Q"/>dicitur divina natura tota in omnibus locis et tem<lb ed="#Q"/>poribus
et ubique et semper, quia perfecta et com<lb ed="#Q"/>pleta.
Unde nota<!--g--> quod, secundum <name>Anselmum</name><!--4-->,
<quote>in omni loco et tempore est, quia nulli abest; in
<lb ed="#Q"/>nullo vero est, quia nullum locum aut tempus [ha<lb ed="#Q"/>bet]
nec in se recipit distinctiones locorum aut tem<lb ed="#Q"/>porum,
ut hic vel illic vel alicubi aut nunc aut
<lb ed="#Q"/>tunc vel aliquando, quoniam haec circumscripto<lb ed="#Q"/>rum
et mutabilium propria sunt; et tamen haec
<lb ed="#Q"/>de ea quodammodo dici possunt, quoniam sic est
<lb ed="#Q"/>praesens omnibus circumscriptis et mutabilibus
<lb ed="#Q"/>acsi ilia eisdem circumscribatur locis et mutetur
<lb ed="#Q"/>temporibus</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e4006">
<lb ed="#Q"/>Si autem quaeritur quae sit intentio eius
<lb ed="#Q"/>quod est <mentioned>semper</mentioned>, cum dicitur: <mentioned>Deus est<!--h--> sem<lb ed="#Q"/>per</mentioned>,
respondendum uno modo, secundum
<lb ed="#Q"/><name>Augustinum</name><!--5-->, quod <mentioned>semper</mentioned> supponit uni<lb ed="#Q"/>versum
tempus. Unde sensus est: <mentioned>Deus est
<lb ed="#Q"/>semper</mentioned>, id est <mentioned>Deus est in omni praeterito, in
<lb ed="#Q"/>omni praesenti, in omni futuro, nec deest alicui
<lb ed="#Q"/>praeterito vel alicui praesenti vel alicui futuro</mentioned>.
<lb ed="#Q"/>Secundum vero <name>Anselmum</name>, in <title ref="#Monologion">Monologion</title><!--6-->,
<quote>multo verius intelligitur significare aeternitatem,
<lb ed="#Q"/>quae sibi ipsi nunquam est dissimilis, quam tem<lb ed="#Q"/>porum
varietatem, quae sibi semper in aliquo
<lb ed="#Q"/>est non similis. Cum ergo dicitur: <mentioned>semper esse</mentioned>
<lb ed="#Q"/>et <mentioned>idem est illi esse et vivere</mentioned>, nihil melius
<lb ed="#Q"/>intelligitur quam aeterne esse et vivere, id est
<lb ed="#Q"/>interminabilem vitam perfecte simul totam ob<lb ed="#Q"/>tinere</quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l1p1i1t2q4m4c1-d1e4043">
<lb ed="#Q"/>In hunc ergo modum terminantur inquisitiones
<lb ed="#Q"/>circa divinam immensitatem quantum ad infini<lb ed="#Q"/>tatem,
incomprehensibilitatem, incircumscriptibi<lb ed="#Q"/>litatem,
aeternitatem.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
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