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ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 1, Inq. 1, T. 3, Q. 1, T. 1, C. 2</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
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<title>III, P. 1, Inq. 1, T. 3, Q. 1, T. 1, C. 2</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Hd1e102">III, P. 1, Inq. 1, T. 3, Q. 1, T. 1, C. 2</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Hd1e105" type="question-title">UTRUM IN CHRISTO PONENDA SIT GRATIA SECUNDUM QUAM EST CAPUT ECCLESIAE.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Consequenter quaeritur an<!--a--> in Christo ponenda
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sit gratia secundum quam est caput Ecclesiae.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e115">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>a. Ad <title>Ephes.</title> 1, 22: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e119" source="http://scta.info/resource/eph1_22">Ipsum dedit caput super
<lb ed="#Qd"/>omnem Ecclesiam, quae est corpus eius</quote>, et hoc se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
humanam naturam. Si ergo Christus est
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>caput<!--b--> super omnem Ecclesiam</quote>, et hoc habet ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dono Patris, quia dicit <quote>ipsum dedit</quote> etc.; et istud
<lb ed="#Qd"/>donum est gratia, ergo ex gratia habet quod sit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>caput Ecclesiae.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e136">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e140"><name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad Dardanum</title><!--2-->: In
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Christo habitat omnis plenitudo</quote> gratiae sicut in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>capite, <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e150">in quo sunt omnes sensus</quote>. Ergo ipse
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est<!--c--> velut caput ex gratia Dei<!--d-->; ergo in ipso<!--e-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est gratia secundum quam est caput.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e160">
<cb ed="#Q" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>c. Item, <name>Hugo de S. Victore</name>, in libro <title>De
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sacramentis</title><!--3-->, dicit: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e166">Sicut spiritus hominis me<lb ed="#Qd"/>diante
capite ad membra descendit vivificanda,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sic<!--f--> Spiritus Sanctus per Christum venit ad chri<lb ed="#Qd"/>stianos,
cuius plenitudo quidem est in capite,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>participatio vero<!--g--> in membris</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e178">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad oppositum: 1. Supponitur haec propositio<!--h-->,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quae<!--i--> asseritur a Sanctis<!--4-->: Corruptio originalis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>traducta est per peccatum Adae et per carnem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>traducitur in nobis - quia enim caro est<!--k--> ex tra<lb ed="#Qd"/>duce
et ex<!--l--> carne generatur caro, ideo traducitur<!--m-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de carne in carnem per generationem — sed gratia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non traducitur, quia anima est subiectum gratiae,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>anima vero non est<!--n--> ex traduce<!--5-->; unde sicut non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>traducitur anima ab anima, ita nec gratia a gratia;
<pb ed="#Qd" n="141"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sed cum corruptio originalis sit in carne, sicut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>traducitur caro ex carne, ita corruptio. — Ex iis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obicitur: Animae non sunt ex traduce, immo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sunt<!--a--> divise et distincte a Deo creatae imme<lb ed="#Qd"/>diate,
iuxta illud <title>Psalmi</title><!--1-->: <quote>Qui finxit sigillatim
<lb ed="#Qd"/>corda eorum</quote>. Ergo ab<!--b--> anima Christi non tra<lb ed="#Qd"/>ducitur
gratia ad<!--c--> animas nostras; ergo non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>perficiuntur animae ab ipsa gratia animae Chri<lb ed="#Qd"/>sti;
non potest ergo anima ipsius transfundere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratiam nec influere ad animas nostras. Sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>alia ratione non dicitur caput nisi quia, sicut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>caput vitam et spiritum transfundit<!--d--> aliis mem<lb ed="#Qd"/>bris,
ita Christus gratiam membris suis, quae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sunt fideles animae. Cum ergo hoc non possit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>esse<!--e-->, relinquitur quod in eo non est gratia se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
quam sit<!--f--> caput.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e239">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name><!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e246">Mens<!--g--> nulla inter<lb ed="#Qd"/>posita
natura ab ipsa prima Veritate formatur</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Sed haec formatio nihil aliud est quam perfectio,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quae est gratia in anima vel in mente; ergo ipsa
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratia est<!--h--> immediate in animabus nostris ab
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ipsa prima Veritate.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e261">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, nullius creaturae est dare gratiam,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quia sicut anima immediate est a Deo<!--3-->, ita<!--i--> eius
<lb ed="#Qd"/>perfectio, quae est gratia; ergo gratia nullo me<lb ed="#Qd"/>diante
est a Deo; ergo, cum Christus in quantum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>homo sit creatura, non potest esse medium influen<lb ed="#Qd"/>tiae
gratiae Dei ad nos; sed alia ratione non dicitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habere gratiam, secundum quam dicitur caput Ec<lb ed="#Qd"/>clesiae;
ergo non est in ipso<!--k--> ponenda gratia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>secundum quam dicatur esse caput Ecclesiae.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e283">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Solutio: Dicendum quod in Christo, secundum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod homo, est ponere gratiam secundum quam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est caput Ecclesiae. Ad istud<!--l--> intelligendum no<lb ed="#Qd"/>tandum
est quod influentia gratiae est a Deo sine
<lb ed="#Qd"/>medio et per medium.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e296">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Sine medio Christus, secundum quod Deus,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>immediate est dator gratiae auctoritate et in<!--m-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>propria ratione efficientis, unde <title>Isai.</title> 43, 25, di<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur:
<quote>Ego sum, ego sum<!--n--> ipse, qui deleo iniqui<lb ed="#Qd"/>tates
propter me</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e310">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Per medium Christus<!--o-->, secundum quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>homo, multis modis: est enim medium per mo<lb ed="#Qd"/>dum
fidei<!--p-->, per modum meriti, per modum de<lb ed="#Qd"/>siderii
sive orationis<!--q-->, per modum dispositionis<!--r-->.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Per modum fidei<!--s-->, prout ipse consideratur in
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>fide: fides enim, quae de Christo sive de Deo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>homine est, disponit immediate animam ad gra<lb ed="#Qd"/>tiam,
immo impossibile fuit sine fide<!--a--> illa ali<lb ed="#Qd"/>quem
gratum esse Deo<!--4-->; unde propter hoc dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Pater, <title>Matth.</title> 3, 17: <quote>Hic est filius meus dilec<lb ed="#Qd"/>tus,
in quo mihi complacui</quote><!--b-->, <title>Glossa</title><!--5-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e338">Id est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per ipsum mihi alii placent</quote>. Unde<!--c--> <name>Augusti<lb ed="#Qd"/>nus</name><!--6-->:
<mentioned>Sine fide Mediatoris nunquam aliquis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>placuit Deo</mentioned>. Similiter per modum meriti, quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per passionem suam meruit a Patre ut daretur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratia omnibus credentibus in ipsum et amanti<lb ed="#Qd"/>bus
ipsum<!--d-->, secundum quod dicitur <title>Isai.</title> 53, 11-12:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Iniquitates eorum ipse portabit, ideo<!--e--> dispertiam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ei plurimas</quote>. Similiter<!--f--> per modum desiderii sive
<lb ed="#Qd"/>orationis, quia omnibus credentibus et desideran<lb ed="#Qd"/>tibus
orat gratiam et desiderat, secundum quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>legitur <title>Rom.</title> 8, 33-34: <quote>Deus qui iustificat, quis est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui condemnet<!--g-->? Christus Iesus, qui sedet ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dexteram Patris, qui et interpellat pro nobis</quote>;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et <title>I Ioan.</title> 2, 1—2: <quote>Advocatum habemus apud Patrem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Iesum Christum iustum et ipse est propitiatio pro
<lb ed="#Qd"/>peccatis nostris</quote>. Ipse enim est medium, sicut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>advocatus et orans pro nobis, ut nobis detur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratia. Item, per modum dispositionis quantum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad naturam, quia tota natura humana ante
<lb ed="#Qd"/>incarnationem erat digna odio et reprobatione
<lb ed="#Qd"/>propter<!--h--> peccatum originale; sed cum fuit natura
<lb ed="#Qd"/>humana assumpta a Filio Dei in unitate<!--i--> per<lb ed="#Qd"/>sonae,
disponebatur ratione praedestinatorum ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratiam dispositione congruitatis sive dignitatis.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Sicut<!--k--> ergo per unum hominem fuit lapsa, ita
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per unum hominem Deum, scilicet Christum, per
<lb ed="#Qd"/>unionem cum deitate iuit disposita ad iustificatio<lb ed="#Qd"/>nem,
unde ad<!--l--> <title>Rom.</title> 5, 18, dicitur: <quote>Sicut per unius
<lb ed="#Qd"/>delictum in omnes homines in condemnationem<!--m-->,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sic et per unius iustitiam in<!--n--> omnes homines in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustificationem vitae</quote>; quia dedecus esset Filio ha<lb ed="#Qd"/>benti
humanam naturam, si ipsa tota perderetur.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e411">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[Ad obiecta]: 1. Ad primum in contrarium di<lb ed="#Qd"/>cendum
quod peccatum traducitur uno modo et<!--o-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratia alio modo<!--7-->. Peccatum enim traducitur per
<lb ed="#Qd"/>naturam corruptionis, gratia vero per Spiritum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Sanctum. Sicut<!--p--> ergo videmus continuationem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ab Adam usque ad ultimum filium Adae, et hanc
<lb ed="#Qd"/>continuationem facit natura<!--q-->, et quia ipsa cor<lb ed="#Qd"/>rupta
fuit in Adam, ideo corrupta est<!--r--> in omnibus
<pb ed="#Qd" n="142"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>filiis<!--a--> Adae, et ideo per ipsam traducitur corrup<lb ed="#Qd"/>tio
originalis in filiis Adae: sic<!--b--> Spiritus Sanc<lb ed="#Qd"/>tus,
per quem abundat gratia in anima Chri<lb ed="#Qd"/>sti
quantum ad omnem gratiae actum, in aliis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sanctis consimilem gratiam infundit. Et sicut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>unus est spiritus capitis et membrorum, vivifi<lb ed="#Qd"/>cans
caput et membra, sic idem Spiritus per
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quem in nobis est gratia et<!--c--> in Christo. Et<!--d--> hoc
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est quod dicit <name>Hugo de S. Victore</name><!--e-->, in libro
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>De sacramentis</title><!--1-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e456">Sicut spiritus hominis me<lb ed="#Qd"/>diante
capite ad<!--f--> membra descendit vivificanda,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sic Spiritus Sanctus per Christum venit ad chri<lb ed="#Qd"/>stianos,
cuius plenitudo quidem est in capite, par<lb ed="#Qd"/>ticipatio
vero in membris</quote>; unde Spiritus ille ple<lb ed="#Qd"/>nissime
vivificat caput, consequenter alia membra,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et in capite sunt omnes sensus, in membris vero
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est sensus unus, scilicet<!--g--> tactus, sicut dicit <name>Au<lb ed="#Qd"/>gustinus</name><!--2-->.
Est ergo hoc modo gratia in no<lb ed="#Qd"/>bis
ab anima Christi per<!--h--> Spiritum Sanctum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e479">
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Ad aliud<!--i--> quod opponitur, quod <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-Qd1e485">mens
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nulla interposita natura ab ipsa prima Veritate
<lb ed="#Qd"/>formatur</quote>, dicendum<!--k--> quod aliud est dicere ani<lb ed="#Qd"/>mam
formari per gratiam et animam accipere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratiam. Inter formationem animae per gratiam et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Deum, nullum est medium, immo ipsa Trinitas for<lb ed="#Qd"/>mat
ipsam, id est reducit in divinam formationem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et similitudinem, et haec formatio est<!--l--> gratifica<lb ed="#Qd"/>tio.
Sed in acceptione gratiae ab anima potest in<lb ed="#Qd"/>tercidere<!--m-->
medium, quia acceptio respicit dantem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et accipientem<!--n-->; sed inter dantem et accipientem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potest esse medium, medium dico vel fidei vel me<lb ed="#Qd"/>riti
vel aliorum modorum, quos diximus supra<!--3-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p1in1t3q1t1c2-d1e515">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Ad aliud, quod obicitur quod <mentioned>nullius
<lb ed="#Qd"/>creaturae est dare gratiam</mentioned>, dicendum<!--o--> quod dare
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gratiam per modum auctoritatis est solius Dei, sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dare gratiam per modum impetrationis et meriti,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et sic de aliis modis, potest esse creaturae, et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sic est ipsius Iesu Christi secundum quod homo.
</p>
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