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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 1, Q. 1, T. 2, D. 2, M. 8, C. 1</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 1, Q. 1, T. 2, D. 2, M. 8, C. 1</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<front>
<div xml:id="starts-on"/>
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<body>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 1, Q. 1, T. 2, D. 2, M. 8, C. 1</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Hd1e105" type="question-title">DE COMITE IUSTITIA.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Circa primum quaeritur utrum<!--b-->, si desit iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>stitia,
sit obligatorium iuramentum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e115">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad quod sic: a. <title>Causa</title> XXII, quaest. 3<!--4-->, <name>Au<lb ed="#Qd"/>gustinus</name>,
in sermone <title>De decollatione Ioannis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Baptistae</title><!--5-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e123">Iuravit temere David, sed non im<lb ed="#Qd"/>plevit
iurationem, maiori pietate ductus. Ecce<!--c-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>David sanctus, iuramento<!--d--> quidem astrictus, non
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>fudit<!--e--> sanguinem hominis</quote>, scilicet ipsius<!--f--> Nabal,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de cuius sanguinis effusione iuraverat<!--6-->. <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e137">Sed eum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>falsum iurasse<!--g--> negare quis poterit?</quote> Ecce in illo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuramento<!--h-->, quo iuravit David occidere Nabal,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non erat iustitia, et propter hoc<!--i--> non implevit;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sed David sanctus est et in hoc commendatur;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ergo bene fecit; ergo non tenetur homo ad iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>ramentum
illicitum, sive in quo deficit iustitia,
<pb ed="#Qd" n="484"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>implendum. Tale igitur iuramentum non est obli<lb ed="#Qd"/>gatorium.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e162">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, Canon <name>Isidori</name><!--1-->, <title>Causa</title><!--a--> XXII,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaest. 4<!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e168" source="http://scta.info/resource/gd-p2c22q4-d1e178">In male promissis rescinde fidem;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in turpi voto muta decretum; quod incaute vo<lb ed="#Qd"/>visti,
ne facias</quote>. Impia ergo<!--g--> est promissio quae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>scelere adimpletur; promissio ergo facta de iniu<lb ed="#Qd"/>sto
non obligat; iuramentum ergo, in quo deficit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustitia, non est obligatorium.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e184">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: 1. Iosue iuravit pacem cum Gabao<lb ed="#Qd"/>nitis
et quod non occideret eos, <title>Iosue</title> 9, 15; sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>istud iuramentum fuit iniustum, quia omne iura<lb ed="#Qd"/>mentum,
in quo iuratur contra Dei praeceptum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est iniustum; ergo iuravit iniuste. — Quod iura<lb ed="#Qd"/>verit
contra Dei praeceptum, patet, quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Dominus praeceperat<!--c--> illi quod occideret omnes
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habitatores terrae promissionis, ne interficerent
<lb ed="#Qd"/>filios Israel, sicut habetur <title>Deuter.</title> 6<!--3-->; ipse autem<!--d-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuravit contrarium Gabaonitis, qui simulaverunt
<lb ed="#Qd"/>se venire de terra longinqua et tamen erant de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>terra promissionis; ergo iuravit contra praecep<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
Dei; fuit ergo iniustum iuramentum. Sed ipse
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuramento isto obligabatur; ergo iuramentum, in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quo deest iustitia, est<!--e--> obligatorium. — Quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>autem obligaretur isto<!--f--> iuramento, pa<lb ed="#Qd"/>tet.
<title>Causa</title> XXII, quaest. 4<!--4-->, <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name>, in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>libro De officiis<!--g5-->, loquens de iuramento Iosue
<lb ed="#Qd"/>facto Gabaonitis<!--h-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e230">Iesus Nave<!--i--> pacem, quam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dederat, revocandam non censuit, quia firmata
<lb ed="#Qd"/>erat sacramenti religione: ne, dum alienam perfi<lb ed="#Qd"/>diam
redargueret, suam fidem solveret</quote>. Solvis<lb ed="#Qd"/>set
igitur suam fidem, si non tenuisset quod iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>raverat;
istud ergo iuramentum ipsum<!--k--> obli<lb ed="#Qd"/>gabat.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e247">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, <name>Gratianus</name>, in <title>Decretis</title>, <title>Causa</title> XXII,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaest. 4<!--6-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e253">Aliquando iuramento deest iustitia,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>veluti cum quispiam post votum castitatis ducit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>uxorem, iuramento firmans nunquam ab ea se<!--l-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>discessurum; quod, quamvis illicitum sit, quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustitiam probatur sibi deesse, tamen auctoritate
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name>Augustini</name><!--7--> praecipitur servari</quote>. Ex quo patet
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod iuramentum illicitum<!--n-->, in quo deest iustitia,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est obligatorium.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e271">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Sed contra primam rationem, quae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est de Gabaonitis, obicitur, quia videtur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod Iuramentum, quod fecit Gabaonitis Iosue,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non obligavit eum, <title>Rom.</title> 13, 1: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e284" source="http://scta.info/resource/rom13_1">Omnis anima
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potestatibus<!--a--> sublimioribus subdita sit</quote>. Ex quo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>accipitur quod factum interioris non solvit man<lb ed="#Qd"/>datum
superioris; ergo nec iuramentum Iosue
<lb ed="#Qd"/>solvit mandatum Dei de<!--b--> interfectione Gabaoni<lb ed="#Qd"/>tarum;
ergo, si<!--c--> non interfecit eos, peccavit; iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>ramentum
ergo suum non obligabat eum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e300">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Similiter obicitur contra<!--d--> illud quod dicitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de auctoritate <name>Gratiani</name>, quia videtur quod ille
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui prius<!--e--> vovit castitatem et post iurat con<lb ed="#Qd"/>trahere
se matrimonium cum aliqua et cum ea
<lb ed="#Qd"/>permansurum, non obligatur illo iuramento. <title>Psal<lb ed="#Qd"/>mus</title><!--8-->:
<quote>Vovete et reddite</quote>. Si ergo prius vovit casti<lb ed="#Qd"/>tatem
quam iuraverit contrahere matrimonium,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tenetur reddere et implere votum<!--f-->; iuramentum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ergo sequens non solvit votum praecedens.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e322">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, obicitur: Nam<!--9--> dicit <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name><!--10-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod meretrix iurans se<!--g--> servaturam fidem suo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>leccatori, iurando et adhaerendo suo leccatori,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mala est, peior autem iuramentum non obser<lb ed="#Qd"/>vando.
Ergo iuramentum illicitum<!--h--> obligat.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e341">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Item, dicit <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name><!--11--> quod raptor, qui
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iurat se divisurum spolia cum aliquo, magis pec<lb ed="#Qd"/>cat
si totum retineat quam si dividat. Ergo etc.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e354">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Solutio: Secundum quod dicitur, <title>Causa</title> XXII,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaest. 4<!--12-->, auctoritate <name>Bedae</name>, <title>Super Marcum</title><!--13-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e360">Si forte nos incautius<!--i--> iurare contigerit, et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>observatum iuramentum in peiorem vergat exi<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum,
libere illud salubriori consilio mutandum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>noverimus, ac magis, instante necessitate, peieran<lb ed="#Qd"/>dum
nobis quam pro vitando periurio in aliud
<lb ed="#Qd"/>crimen gravius esse vertendum. Denique iuravit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>David<!--k--> per Deum occidere Nabal, sed ad pri<lb ed="#Qd"/>mam
intercessionem Abigail prudentis feminae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mox remisit minas, revocavit ensem, nec aliquid
<lb ed="#Qd"/>culpae se pro tali periurio contraxisse doluit</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Secundum hoc ergo dicendum quod, cum iura<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur
aliquid iniustum, in cuius scilicet executione
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniustitia est, nulla est obligatio.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e390">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[Ad obiecta]: 1. Ad primum ergo quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obicitur de iuramento Iosue Gabaonitis, distin<lb ed="#Qd"/>guendum
quod aliquid est iniustum quia prohi<lb ed="#Qd"/>bitum,
aliquid prohibitum quia iniustum. Prohi<lb ed="#Qd"/>bitum
quia iniustum, est quod de natura sua
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vitiosum est, ut adulterium et<!--l--> fornicatio. Iura<lb ed="#Qd"/>mentum
autem<!--m--> de talibus faciendis nullo modo
<pb ed="#Qd" n="485"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est obligatorium, et hoc quia deest comes iura<lb ed="#Qd"/>menti,
quod est iustitia. Iniustum<!--a--> vero quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>prohibitum, quod de se erat licitum, sed ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>prohibitione factum est illicitum, ut Adae come<lb ed="#Qd"/>dere
de ligno scientiae. Cum autem iuramentum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>fit de talibus, distinguendum, quia aut iurando
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sie, servatur intentio prohibentis<!--b--> aut iuratur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contra intentionem prohibentis<!--c-->. Si contra inten<lb ed="#Qd"/>tionem,
non est obligatorium nec licitum, quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>deest comes iuramenti iustitia. Si vero servatur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>intentio, licitum est<!--d--> et obligatorium, quale iuit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuramentum Iosue tactum Gabaonitis: iurando
<lb ed="#Qd"/>enim<!--e--> cum eis foedus, et non interficiendo, ser<lb ed="#Qd"/>vavit
intentionem divinae prohibitionis. Nam in<lb ed="#Qd"/>tentio
prohibitionis<!--f-->, quae habetur <title>Deuter.</title> 7, 2,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ubi praecipitur quod occiderentur<!--g--> habitatores
<lb ed="#Qd"/>terrae promissionis, fuit, ne, si dimitterentur<!--h--> vi<lb ed="#Qd"/>ventes,
inficerent<!--i--> filios Israel et averterent a
<lb ed="#Qd"/>divina cultu; unde ibi<!--k--> dicitur<!--1-->: <quote>Percuties eos
<lb ed="#Qd"/>usque ad internicionem<!--1-->; non inibis cum eis foe<lb ed="#Qd"/>dus</quote>.
Et sequitur: <quote>Nec filiam illius<!--m--> accipies filio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tua, quia seducet filium tuum, ne sequatur me</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Dicendum ergo, prout<!--n--> dicit <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name>, in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>libro <title>De officiis</title><!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-Qd1e466">Mulctavit eos Iosue meliori
<lb ed="#Qd"/>morte, scilicet obsequio ministerii, ut esset cle<lb ed="#Qd"/>mentior
sententia, sed diuturna</quote>. Licet ergo non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>essent occisi morte naturali, quae est in separa<lb ed="#Qd"/>tione
animae a corpore, sunt tamen occisi morte
<lb ed="#Qd"/>legali, quae est servitus; servitus<!--o--> enim est mors
<lb ed="#Qd"/>interpretativa: interpretatur enim mors secundum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>leges, servata intentione prohibitionis divinae,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quia neminem possunt corrumpere servituti ad<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicti.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e492">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Ad secundum vero quod obicitur de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>auctoritate <name>Gratiani</name> de iurante post votum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>castitatis et ducente uxorem, distinguendum inter
<lb ed="#Qd"/>votum castitatis simplex et solemne. Nam, si
<lb ed="#Qd"/>solemne, impedit matrimonium contrahendum et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dirimit contractum et evacuat iuramentum. Si
<lb ed="#Qd"/>simplex, impedit contrahendum, sed non dirimit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contractum. Unde illud quod dicit <name>Gratianus</name>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de illo qui<!--p--> post votum castitatis ducit uxorem,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iurans se nunquam ab ea<!--q--> discessurum, quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuramentum servari praecipitur, intelligendum<!--r-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod hoc non est ratione vinculi iuramenti, sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ratione vinculi matrimonii, quod non dirimit sim<lb ed="#Qd"/>plex
votum, et ita per accidens.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e525">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Ad tertium dicendum<!--s--> quod iuramentum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>meretricis partim est licitum, partim illicitum.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Cum enim iurat se servaturam fidem leccatori,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iurat se adhaerere illi et non alii. Quantum ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>hoc quod est <mentioned>adhaerere illi</mentioned> illicitum<!--t--> est nec
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obligat; quantum ad hoc quod est <mentioned>non adhae<lb ed="#Qd"/>rere
alii</mentioned>, licitum est et obligat: unde transgre<lb ed="#Qd"/>diendo
peierat.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s1q2t2d2m8c1-d1e545">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Eodem modo dicendum de illo qui iurat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>se<!--u--> dividere spolia. Iurat enim se<!--v--> retenturum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>partem, et quantum ad hoc illicitum est et non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obligat; et iurat non retinere totum, et quantum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad hoc licitum est et obligat. Nullum ergo iura<lb ed="#Qd"/>mentum,
in quantum est de illicito et iniusto,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est obligatorium.
</p>
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