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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<teiHeader>
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<titleStmt>
<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 1, D. 1, M. 2, C. 2</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
<respStmt>
<name xml:id="JW">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
<resp>TEI encoder</resp>
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<editionStmt>
<edition n="0.0.0-dev">
<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 1, D. 1, M. 2, C. 2</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
</edition>
</editionStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
<availability status="free">
<p>Published under a <ref target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</ref>
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<sourceDesc>
<listWit>
<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<text xml:lang="la">
<front>
<div xml:id="starts-on"/>
</front>
<body>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 1, D. 1, M. 2, C. 2</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e105" type="question-title">DE OFFICIO IUDICIS IUXTA ILLUD <mentioned>UT IUDICENT POPULUM</mentioned>.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Postea quaeritur quantum ad aliam partem Le<lb ed="#Qd"/>gis,
quae est <mentioned>ut iudicent<!--b--> populum</mentioned> etc.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Primo, utrum possint iudicare secundum suam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>conscientiam;
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>secundo, utrum possint sine accusatore iudi<lb ed="#Qd"/>care;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tertio, utrum possint sine convictione dam<lb ed="#Qd"/>nare.
</p>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Dd1e132" type="articulus">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e134">Articulus I</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e137" type="question-title">Utrum iudex possit iudicare secundum suam conscientiam.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e140">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad primum sic: I. <title>Deuter.</title> 17, 9 de iudicibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui praesunt loco: <quote>Iudicabunt iudicii veritatem</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Si ergo iudex sciat esse verum quod in iudicio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>accusatur vel proponitur, secundum<!--c--> conscien<lb ed="#Qd"/>tiam
debet iudicare, quamvis non probetur<!--d-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e153">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, dicit lex alia <title>Deuter.</title> 13, 14-15 de ido<lb ed="#Qd"/>lolatria
vindicanda in aliqua civitate, quod, <quote>dili<lb ed="#Qd"/>genter
rei veritate perspecta</quote>, si inveniatur <quote>certum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>esse</quote>, deleatur <quote>in ore gladii</quote>. Ergo simili modo,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>si iudex sciat certissime aliquem peccasse, po<lb ed="#Qd"/>terit
ipsum iusto iudicio secundum conscientiam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicare.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e171">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, si iudex debeat iudicare secundum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>audita et<!--e--> non secundum conscientiam veritatis,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ergo iudex poterit innocentem condemnare, cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>secundum allegata et<!--f--> falsa testimonia, quae de<lb ed="#Qd"/>prehendi
non possunt, possit reus probari, quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tamen prohibitum est in lege Exodi<!--1-->, ubi dicitur:
<quote>Innocentem et iustum non occides</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e190">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Item, <title>Isai.</title> 11, 3 dicitur de Domino: <quote>Non se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
visionem oculorum iudicabit neque secun<lb ed="#Qd"/>dum
auditum aurium</quote> etc. Ergo nec iudex homo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>similiter debet iudicare secundum audita.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e201">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: a. <title>Deuter.</title> 1, 16: <quote>Praecepi eis, dicens:
<lb ed="#Qd"/>audite illos, et quod iustum est iudicate; ita
<lb ed="#Qd"/>parvum audietis ut magnam</quote>. Ergo secundum au<lb ed="#Qd"/>dita
debet iudicare, non secundum conscientiam.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e212">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name>, <title>Super Psalmum Beati
<lb ed="#Qd"/>immaculati</title><!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e221">Bonus iudex nihil paratum et me<lb ed="#Qd"/>ditatum
de domo refert, sed sicut audit, iudicat,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et sicut se habet causa, decernit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e229">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>c. item, <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name>, in eodem<!--3-->: <quote>Bonus iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dex
nihil ex arbitrio suo facit, sed iuxta leges et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iura pronuntiat</quote>. Si ergo secundum leges et iura
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ea quae audiuntur et convincuntur iudicantur,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicis non est iudicare secundum conscientiam.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e246">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>d. Item, <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, in homilia <quote>De poeni<lb ed="#Qd"/>ientia</quote><!--4-->:
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e255">Multi corriguntur, ut Petrus; multi to<lb ed="#Qd"/>lerantur,
ut ludas; multi nesciuntur, donec <quote>veniat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Dominus, qui illuminabit abscondita tenebrarum</quote><!--5-->.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Nos vero a communione quemquam prohibere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non possumus nisi aut sponte confessum aut in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>aliquo saeculari vel ecclesiastico iudicio nomi<lb ed="#Qd"/>natum
aut convictum</quote>. Ergo secundum hoc iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dex
non poterit secundum conscientiam iudicare
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non convictum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e277">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, <title>Levit.</title> 24, 12, super illud quod dicitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de blasphemo: <quote>Miserunt eum in carcerem</quote> etc.,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicit <title>B. Gregorius</title><!--6-->,: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e285">Moyses querelas populi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>semper ad Dominum referebat, nos instruens ut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non ex corde nostro, sed ex<!--g--> praecepto divino
<lb ed="#Qd"/>condemnationis vel iustificationis sententiam pro<lb ed="#Qd"/>teramus</quote>.
Ergo non debet secundum conscien<lb ed="#Qd"/>tiam
iudicare.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e300">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Solutio: Dicendum quod<!--h--> est conscientia iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>ris
et est conscientia facti. Conscientia iuris est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quae formatur ex lege divina<!--i-->; conscientia facti<!--k-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quae formatur ex ipsa facti<!--l--> opinione vel scien<lb ed="#Qd"/>tia<!--"'-->.
Dicendum ergo quod iudex non debet iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicare
secundum conscientiam tacti, sed secun<lb ed="#Qd"/>dum
conscientiam iuris, excluso errore, quia con<lb ed="#Qd"/>tingit
esse errorem circa utramque conscientiam,
<pb ed="#Qd" n="615"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuris scilicet<!--a--> et facti. Iudicare autem secundum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>conscientiam iuris rectam, non erroneam, est iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicare
secundum allegata diligenter discussa.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e331">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[Ad obiecta]: Ad illud ergo quod primo<!--b-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obicit, dicendum quod iudicare iudicii verita<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem
aliud est quam Iudicare veritatem. Veritas
<lb ed="#Qd"/>enim est respectu tacti vel rei, quae est vel:
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non est; veritas vero iudicii<!--d--> est respectu con<lb ed="#Qd"/>victionis
vel probationis legitimae tacti vel rei.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ex illa igitur lege non concluditur quod iudex<!--e-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>debeat iudicare secundum conscientiam veritatis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>facti, sed secundum veritatem iudicii, id est con<lb ed="#Qd"/>victionis
et probationis legitimae facti; unde di<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur<!--1-->:
<quote>Iudicabunt iudicii veritatem, et facies<!--f-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaecumque dixerint iuxta Legem</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e360">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Ad secundum dicendum quod illa lex,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quae secundo opponitur, loquitur in casu ubi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praecedit accusatio et sequitur postmodum legi<lb ed="#Qd"/>tima
tacti convictio. Unde ibi dicitur<!--g--> <title>Deuter.</title>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>13<!--h-->, 12-15: <quote>Si audieris in una urbium</quote>, supple, ali<lb ed="#Qd"/>quibus
accusantibus, <quote>aliquos dicentes: eamus,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>serviamus diis alienis</quote> etc., <quote>quaere sollicite, et di<lb ed="#Qd"/>ligenter
rei veritate perspecta, si inveneris cer<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
esse quod dicitur et abominationem hanc
<lb ed="#Qd"/>opere perpetratam, percuties habitatores</quote> etc.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e384">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Ad illud quod obicit quod <mentioned>si iudicat se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
allegata, aliquando sciens condemnare
<lb ed="#Qd"/>poterit innocentem</mentioned>, dicendum quod, sicut dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name><!--2-->, iudex, cum punit ad mortem, non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicitur occidere, sed ipsa lex. Ita iudex,.cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>punit secundum legem, nihil omittenda de con<lb ed="#Qd"/>tingentibus
legis, non condemnat, sed ipsa lex.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Lex autem, quae posita est ad iudicandum quae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>possunt convinci<!--i--> vel probari, nullo modo re<lb ed="#Qd"/>prehensibilis
est iudicando convicta vel confessa.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Nam lex aeterna, qua Deus iudicat, non hoc
<lb ed="#Qd"/>modo iudicat, sed secundum ipsam rerum veri<lb ed="#Qd"/>tatem,
quae ei patet. Lege<!--k--> autem, quae posita
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est ad hoc quod secundum illam homo iudicet,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non potest se extendere ad illa, quia multa de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illis sunt ei occulta et incerta. Sicut enim dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name><!--3-->, multa nesciuntur, <quote>quoadusque
<lb ed="#Qd"/>veniat Dominus, qui illuminabit abscondita tene<lb ed="#Qd"/>brarum</quote><!--4-->,
et illa sunt Dei iudicio relinquenda. —
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad illud ergo quod obicitur per aliam<!--l--> legem,
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote>innocentem et iustum non occides</quote>, dicendum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod, si iudex laboret quantum potest, salva iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>stitia,
ad repellendum accusationem eius quem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>scit<!--m--> innocentem et ad repellenda testimonia, si
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tamen contingat quod nulla<!--n--> exceptione iuris
<lb ed="#Qd"/>possit repelli accusatio vel testimonium nec ali<lb ed="#Qd"/>qua
occasione sententia differri aut subtrahi,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>consilium est ut remitteret ipsum iudicandum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>superiori, cui et<!--o--> significaret veritatem quam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>scit et probationem quam audivit; superior au<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem
potestas, quae nulli subest, de plenitudine
<lb ed="#Qd"/>auctoritatis potest iuris sententiam mitigare sive
<lb ed="#Qd"/>remittere. Si tamen sine scandalo iudicium non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>posset differri, dicunt quia si condemnaret inno<lb ed="#Qd"/>centem,
cum dolore tamen, quia sic oporteret
<lb ed="#Qd"/>eum facere, non esset reus, quia iudicaret con<lb ed="#Qd"/>victum
nocentem non innocentem<!--5-->. Sed quia vi<lb ed="#Qd"/>deretur
secundum hoc quod potuisset iuste dam<lb ed="#Qd"/>nare
iudex aliquis Stephanum, quia<!--p--> accusabatur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de praevaricatione Legis, dicendum est indistincte
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut prius<!--6-->, quia si potestas interior est et constat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sibi quod accusatus innocens est, debet ipsum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad superiorem remittere; si vero superior sit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nulli<!--q--> subiectus et scit innocentem accusatum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>debet eum absolvere.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e493">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Ad illud quod obicit quod <mentioned>Dominus non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>secundum auditum aurium arguet</mentioned>, dicendum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod non est simile de homine, quia, si homo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>solum secundum conscientiam teneretur iudicare,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>posset perversus iudex reos absolvere, et ita pe<lb ed="#Qd"/>riret
iustitia.
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Dd1e510" type="articulus">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e512">ARTICULUS II</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e515" type="question-title">Utrum iudex possit sine accusatore iudicare.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e518">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Postea quaeritur utrum iusto iudicio possit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudex sine accusatore iudicare.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e525">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad quod sic: 1. <name>Ambrosius</name><!--7-->, super <title>I ad Cor.</title>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>5, 5, exponens sententiam Apostoli de fornicatore:
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e535">Iudicis, inquam, non est sine accusatione dam<lb ed="#Qd"/>nare,
quia Dominus Iudam, cum fuisset fur, quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non est accusatus, minime abiecit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e543">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, <title>Causa</title> II, quaest. 1, dicit <title>Canon</title> <name>Eleu<lb ed="#Qd"/>therii</name><!--8-->:
<cit>
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e551" source="http://scta.info/resource/gd-p2c2q1-d1e169">Nihil contra quemlibet accusatum
<pb ed="#Qd" n="616"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>absque legitimo et idoneo accusatore fiat; nam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et ipse Dominus Iesus Christus Iudam furem esse
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sciebat, sed, quia non est accusatus, ideo non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est eiectus</quote>
<bibl>
<ref target="http://scta.info/resource/gd-p2c2q1-d1e169">Gratian, Decretum, P. II, C. 2, Q. 1, C. 4</ref>
</bibl>
</cit>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e576">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: a. <title>Gen.</title> 4, 10: <quote>Vox sanguinis fratris
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tui</quote> etc., ibi<!--a--> <title>Glossa</title><!--1-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e582">Evidentia patrati sce<lb ed="#Qd"/>leris
accusatore non eget</quote>. Ergo potest iudicari
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de manifestis sine accusatore.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e590">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name><!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e597">Manifesta accusa<lb ed="#Qd"/>tione
non indigent</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e603">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Solutio secundum distinctionem <name>B. Ambro<lb ed="#Qd"/>sii</name>:
aut enim ita est quod crimen<!--b--> est manifestum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et evidens aut non. Si est evidens, sicut<!--c--> non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sunt quaerendi testes ad probationem, sic nec ac<lb ed="#Qd"/>cusator
ad denunciationem. Unde <name>Ambrosius</name><!--3-->,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>I ad Cor.</title> 5, 4, de<!--d--> fornicatore: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e620">Cognito opere,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pellendum illum <name>Apostolus</name> de coetu fraterni<lb ed="#Qd"/>tatis
censuit. Omnes enim crimen<!--e--> eius scie<lb ed="#Qd"/>bant
et arguebant<!--f-->: publice enim novercam suam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>loco uxoris habebat; in qua re neque testibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>opus erat neque<!--g--> tergiversatione aliqua crimen
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tegi poterat</quote>. Si vero non sit crimen evidens,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non poterit sine accusatore iudicare. Unde <name>Au<lb ed="#Qd"/>gustinus</name><!--4-->,
super illud <title>Matth.</title> 26, 21: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e640"><quote>Unus ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vobis me traditurus est</quote>: Bene dixit <quote>ex vobis</quote>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et non <quote>ex nobis</quote>. Ex vobis enim est, a quibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per<!--h--> iudiciariam potestatem confessus<!--i--> aut con<lb ed="#Qd"/>victus
non est</quote>. Tale est ac si diceret: etsi ego
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per occulti iudicii sententiam eum habeam damna<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum,
vos tamen adhuc per tolerantiam sustinete.
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Dd1e659" type="articulus">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e661">ARTICULUS III.</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Hd1e664" type="question-title">Utrum iudex possit sine convictione damnare.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e667">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quaeritur postea utrum iudex possit sine con<lb ed="#Qd"/>victione
damnare.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e674">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad quod sic: a. Dicit <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name><!--5-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e681">Nos
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in quemquam sententiam terre non possumus nisi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in<!--k--> convictum aut confessum</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e689">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, <title>Canon</title> <name>Evaristi Papae</name>, <title>Causa</title> II,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaest. 1<!--6-->:
<cit>
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e700" source="http://scta.info/resource/gd-p2c2q1-d1e447">Nullum ante veram et iustam pro<lb ed="#Qd"/>bationem
iudicare aut damnare debemus, mani<lb ed="#Qd"/>feste
Paulo Apostolo dicente, <title>Rom.</title> 137: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e706" source="http://scta.info/resource/rom14_4">Tu,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quis es, qui iudicas alienum servum? Suo domino
<lb ed="#Qd"/>stat aut cadit</quote>
</quote>
<bibl>
<ref target="http://scta.info/resource/gd-p2c2q1-d1e447">Gratian, Decretum, P. 2, C. 2, Q. 1, C. 20</ref>
</bibl>
</cit>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e723">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>6. Item, <title>Exod.</title><!--l--> 21, 16: <quote>Qui furatus fuerit homi<lb ed="#Qd"/>nem
et vendiderit eum, convictus naxae, morte
<lb ed="#Qd"/>moriatur</quote>. Unde accipitur lex humana canonizata,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et est <name>Constantini</name><!--8-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e733">Iudex criminosum di<lb ed="#Qd"/>scutiens,
non ante sententiam proferat quam aut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>reum ipse<!--m--> se confiteatur aut per innocentes te<lb ed="#Qd"/>stes
convincatur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e743">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>1. Forte distinguetur, iuxta praecedentem quae<lb ed="#Qd"/>stionem<!--9-->,
sicut distinguit <name>Gratianus</name><!--10-->, quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaedam sunt manifesta iudici, quaedam occulta
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et ignota. De occultis et ignotis indistincte non
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habet, qui iudex est, iudicare. Unde <title>Canon</title> <name>Eva<lb ed="#Qd"/>risti
Papae</name><!--11--> ex<!--n--> auctoritate <title>Gen.</title> 19, dicit: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e760">Deus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>omnipotens, ut nos a praecipitandae sententiae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>probatione compesceret, cum omnia nuda et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>aperta sint oculis eius, mala tamen Sodomae no<lb ed="#Qd"/>luit
audita iudicare, prius quam manifeste cogno<lb ed="#Qd"/>sceret
quae dicebantur. Unde ipse ait<!--12-->: <quote>Descen<lb ed="#Qd"/>dam
et videbo, utrum clamorem qui venit ad me,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>opere compleverint</quote>, ut nobis exempla daret, ne
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praecipites in discutiendis et exequendis negotiis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>essemus et ne mala proximorum prius praesumat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quisquam credere quam<!--o--> probare, aut temere vel
<lb ed="#Qd"/>indiligenter indiscussa quoquo modo temere<!--p--> iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicare,
dicente veritate: <quote>Nolite iudicare, et non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicabimini</quote></quote>, <title>Matth.</title> 7, 1. - Item, in manifestis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>distinguendum. Nam quaedam manifesta dicun<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur,
quia nota iudici<!--q-->, sed incognita aliis; alia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sunt manifesta aliis<!--r--> et ignota iudici; quaedam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vero nota sunt iudici et aliis. Quae ignota sunt
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudici et tamen nota aliis<!--s-->, non possunt a iudice
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicari nisi prius convicta et probata. Unde
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Canon</title> <name>Melchiadis Papae</name><!--13-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e806">Primo super
<lb ed="#Qd"/>omnia diligenter inquirite<!--t-->; neminem condemnetis
<pb ed="#Qd" n="617"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ante verum iustumque iudicium; nullum iudicetis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>suspicionis arbitrio, sed primum<!--a--> probate, et po<lb ed="#Qd"/>stea
caritativam proferte sententiam, et quod vobis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non vultis fieri<!--b-->, aliis facere nolite</quote>, <title>Tub.</title> 4, 16.
<lb ed="#Qb"/>— Item, quae iudici tantum nota sunt, sine
<lb ed="#Qd"/>examinatione puniri non possunt, quia dum ac<lb ed="#Qd"/>cusatoris
persona sumitur<!--c-->, iudiciaria potestas
<lb ed="#Qd"/>amittitur. In una et eadem causa nullus simul
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potest esse accusator et iudex<!--d-->. Unde <name>Augu<lb ed="#Qd"/>stinus</name><!--1-->:
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-Qd1e835">Quis utrumque audet sumere, ut<!--e-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>cuiusquam ipse sit accusator et iudex?</quote> —
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, si crimen manifestum est iudici et aliis,
<lb ed="#Qb"/>aliquando ita est quod reus<!--f--> inficiatur factum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut si quis negaret se interfecisse eum quem in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>oculis iudicis et multorum conspectu interfecis<lb ed="#Qd"/>set;
aliquando vero est quod confitetur factum.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Primo modo, cum negat se esse reum, sine<!--g-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>examinatione puniri non potest; secundo vero
<lb ed="#Qd"/>modo convictum per propriam confessionem po<lb ed="#Qd"/>test
punire.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e859">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Si hoc dicatur - contra: aliquis qui evi<lb ed="#Qd"/>denter
patrat scelus, sicut patet ex praecedenti<!--2-->,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sine accusatore et testibus potest iudicari, sicut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ille fornicator quem iudicavit <name>Apostolus</name><!--3-->; ergo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>talis si inficiaretur factum, non<!--h--> aliter convictus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quam per rei evidentiam posset iudicari.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e877">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, ille, qui delinquit in conspectu iudicis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sub oculis multorum, nonne patrat scelus evi<lb ed="#Qd"/>dens?
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e886">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Solutio: Est confessio sermonis et confessio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>facti<!--i-->. Confessio facti<!--k--> est, ubi publicum factum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est, et tunc ipsa evidentia operis reum esse te<lb ed="#Qd"/>statur,
quia opere publico crimen confitetur. Unde,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quamvis neget verbo, sicut Cain, qui dixit<!--4-->: <quote>Ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>scio</quote>,
Domine, tamen<!--l--> ipsa facti evidentia confi<lb ed="#Qd"/>tetur,
sicut ibi dicitur<!--5-->: <quote>Vox sanguinis fratris tui
<lb ed="#Qd"/>clamat</quote> etc.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t1d1m2c2-d1e906">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>a. Ad illud<!--m--> vero intelligendum, quod illud
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod dicit <name>Gratianus</name> intelligitur, quando ali<lb ed="#Qd"/>quis
delinquit coram iudice, non sedente loco
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicis, et coram paucis, duobus vel tribus, prop<lb ed="#Qd"/>ter
quos non dicitur tactum publicum, quia, iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dice
absente, adhuc non posset iudicari sine pro<lb ed="#Qd"/>batione.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>