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ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 2, C. 2</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 2, C. 2</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<body>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 2, C. 2</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-Hd1e105" type="question-title">DE ORDINE PROCESSUS IUDICII.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Secundo quaeritur de ordine processus iudicii.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e113">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Circa quod notandum est quod variatur ordo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>multipliciter: aut enim factum est, notorium et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>evidens aut latens. Si evidens est<!--a-->, tunc proce<lb ed="#Qd"/>ditur
in iudicio sine actione<!--b--> accusatoris, sicut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>declaratum est supra, Quaestione De cilicio iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicis
titulo utrum possit iudex sine accusatore
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicare<!--3-->. Si vero factum sit latens, proceditur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ordine prius determinato, quia aut defertur cri<lb ed="#Qd"/>men<!--c-->
per clamorem tantae, et tunc, sicut supra
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dictum est<!--4-->, proceditur ordine inquisitionis; aut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>defertur per actionem determinatae personae, et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>hoc vel secundum viam caritatis<!--d-->, et tunc pro<lb ed="#Qd"/>ceditur
per denuntiationem, quam praecedere de<lb ed="#Qd"/>bet
caritativa admonitio; aut secundum viam se<lb ed="#Qd"/>veritatis,
et tunc proceditur per accusationem,
quam debet praecedere inscriptio. Viam ergo de<lb ed="#Qd"/>nuntiationis
relinquimus inquisitioni sequenti, cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de praeceptis evangelicis agetur<!--5-->, quia ibi plenius
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potest inquiri. Viam vero inquisitionis determi<lb ed="#Qd"/>nabimus
in sequentibus, quia ista proprie acci<lb ed="#Qd"/>pitur
ex lege Moysi, similiter et accusationis.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e159">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>In praesenti tamen generaliter de ordine iudicii
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaeretur, in quo scilicet constituitur actor, reus
et iudex. Nam, secundum<!--e--> humanas sanctiones
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et <title>Canones</title>, ordo iudiciarius sic dispositus est ut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>primo, actori determinetur requisitio iudicis; se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundo,
determinetur auctoritas iudicis<!--f-->; tertio, se<lb ed="#Qd"/>quatur
citatio rei et punitio contumacis; quarto,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>concedantur exceptiones; quinto, concedantur re<lb ed="#Qd"/>cusationes;
sexto, formetur libellus; septimo, de<lb ed="#Qd"/>terminentur
satisdationes<!--g-->; octavo, conceduntur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dilationes; nono, sequitur litis contestatio cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuramento de calumnia; deinde vero sequuntur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>partium interrogationes, et, si reus negat, intro<lb ed="#Qd"/>ducuntur
probationes, quibus examinatis, sen<lb ed="#Qd"/>tentia
fertur.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e195">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Et videtur iste ordo multipliciter peccare.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>1. Primo<!--h-->, quia tere omnia, quae antecedunt in<lb ed="#Qd"/>terrogationem
partium, non determinantur in iure
<lb ed="#Qd"/>divino; et tamen ibi praecipitur: <quote>Non addes quid<lb ed="#Qd"/>quam
vel minues ad verba quae, ego loquor</quote>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Deuter.</title> 4, 2.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e211">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, per ista quae praecedunt, antequam pos<lb ed="#Qd"/>sit
discuti veritas, differtur iustitia et frequentis<lb ed="#Qd"/>sime
impeditur<!--i-->, ut videatur fere in omnibus causis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>impletum illud <title>Isai.</title> 59, 14: <quote>Conversum est retror<lb ed="#Qd"/>sum
iudicium et iustitia longe stetit, quia corruit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in platea veritas et aequitas<!--k--> non patuit ingredi</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e227">
<pb ed="#Qd" n="650"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, cum lex Dei plena sit et perfecta -
<lb ed="#Qd"/>unde <title>Deuter.</title> 4, 6 dicitur: <quote>Haec est nostra sa<lb ed="#Qd"/>pientia
et intellectus coram populo</quote><!--a-->; et sequi<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur<!--1-->:
<quote>Quae est alia<!--b--> geris, ut habeat iusta iudicia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et universam legem</quote>? - ergo ad omne iudicium
<lb ed="#Qd"/>terminandum sufficiunt praecepta<!--c--> iudicialia le<lb ed="#Qd"/>gis
Dei; superfluere igitur videntur praecedentia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et ad nocumentum introducta.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e251">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Item, unde habuerunt homines quod supra
<lb ed="#Qd"/>divinas leges possent alias leges condere? Nam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in <title>Psalmo</title><!--2--> per reprobationem de Antichristo di<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur:
<quote>Constitue, Domine, legislatorem super eos,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sciant gentes<!--d--> quoniam homines sunt</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e264">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Respondeo: Dicendum quod quaedam intro<lb ed="#Qd"/>ducuntur
ad ordinem iudiciarium propter necessi<lb ed="#Qd"/>tatem,
quaedam propter utilitatem, quaedam ad<!--e-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>repellendam iniquitatem. Propter necessita<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem
ordinis iudiciarii introducuntur ea sine qui<lb ed="#Qd"/>bus
non potest iudicium terminari, et haec deter<lb ed="#Qd"/>minantur<!--f-->
in lege divina, ut in praeparatoriis ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicium requisitio iudicis et auctoritas iudicis et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>citatio rei cum poena contumacis. De requisitione
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicis dicitur, <title>Deuter.</title> 17, 8: <quote>Si difficile et ambi<lb ed="#Qd"/>guam
iudicium esse perspexeris, venies ad sacer<lb ed="#Qd"/>dotes
levitici generis et<!--g--> ad iudicem qui fuerit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in loco quem elegerit Dominus</quote>, et<!--h--> <title>Exod.</title> 18, 16:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Cum acciderit aliqua disceptatio, veniant ad me,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut iudicem inter eos</quote>. Est autem necessaria re<lb ed="#Qd"/>quisitio
iudicis, quia nullus potest esse iudex in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sua causa. — De auctoritate vero iudicis habe<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur
in <title>Deuter.</title> 16, 18: <quote>Iudices et magistros consti<lb ed="#Qd"/>tues
in portis tuis</quote> etc. Auctoritas vero est ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ipsa constitutione, secundum quod dicitur ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Hebr.</title> 5, 4: <quote>Nemo sibi sumit honorem</quote> etc.; et ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iurisdictionis determinatione secundum determi<lb ed="#Qd"/>natum
locum; unde dicit <title>Deuter.</title> 16, 18: <quote>In om<lb ed="#Qd"/>nibus
portis tuis et per singulas tribus tuas, ut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicent populum</quote>. — De citatione vero rei et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>poena contumacis habetur <title>Num.</title> 16, 12: <quote>Misit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Moyses</quote> et vocavit <quote>Dathan et Abiron</quote>, citando
<lb ed="#Qd"/>eos ut comparerent coram ipso in iudicio. Ibi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>etiam exprimitur contumacia, qua dixerunt: <quote>Non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>venimus</quote>; et sequitur poena gravissima, qua ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sententiam<!--i--> Moysi absorpti sunt a terra<!--3-->. Citatio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>autem necessaria est, quia nullus absens nisi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per contumaciam debet iudicari, sicut supra dic<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
est<!--4-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e340">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, in progressu iudicii necessaria sunt
<lb ed="#Qd"/>interrogatio partium, introductio probationum,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>definitio causarum. Inquisitio necessaria est ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sciendam partium intentionem, probatio ad veri<lb ed="#Qd"/>tatis
discussionem, definitio ad causae termina<lb ed="#Qd"/>tionem<!--k-->,
secundum quod dicitur <title>Deuter.</title> 27<!--5-->:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Cum audieris transgredientes pactum et inqui<lb ed="#Qd"/>sieris
diligenter et verum esse repereris, educes
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad portam civitatis</quote>; et<!--l--> ibi etiam sequitur<!--6-->: <quote>In
<lb ed="#Qd"/>orem duorum vel trium testium stabit omne
<lb ed="#Qd"/>verbum</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e370">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Propter utilitatem vero et<!--n--> ad repel<lb ed="#Qd"/>lendam
iniquitatem non discordantia a lege
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Dei introducta sunt secundum <title>Canones</title> et hu<lb ed="#Qd"/>manas
leges quaedam<!--o--> in favorem actoris, quae<lb ed="#Qd"/>dam
in favorem rei, quaedam in suffragium utrius<lb ed="#Qd"/>que.
In favorem<!--p--> enim actoris introducitur<!--q--> mo<lb ed="#Qd"/>dus
requisitionis iudicis et<!--r--> locus et auctoritas
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicantis, modus citationis et punitio contu<lb ed="#Qd"/>macis,
quae tria, quamvis possint extrahi a iure
<lb ed="#Qd"/>divino, tamen modificantur a iure humano. - In
<lb ed="#Qd"/>favorem vero<!--s--> rei introducuntur exceptiones, re<lb ed="#Qd"/>cusationes,
libellus: exceptiones, quae elidunt ac<lb ed="#Qd"/>tionem
actoris principaliter contra malignitatem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>voluntatis; recusationes, quae sunt declinationes
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicis propter suspicionem oppositam, contra
<lb ed="#Qd"/>oppressionem potestatis; libellus, qui continet
<lb ed="#Qd"/>intentionem actoris, ne postea possit immutare<!--t-->,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contra perversitatem veritatis. - Iri suffragium
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vero actoris et rei introducuntur satisdationes<!--u-->,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dilationes et in litis contestatione de calumnia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuramentum: satisdationes, quae dantur a reo et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>a<!--v--> procuratoribus actoris et rei, quod usque ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>finem litis permaneant, contra iniustam declinatio<lb ed="#Qd"/>nem
iudicii; dilationes, quae principaliter dantur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad deliberandum, contra praecipitationem con<lb ed="#Qd"/>silii;
iuramentum de calumnia, quo iurant partes
<lb ed="#Qd"/>se non animo calumniandi agere vel respondere,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contra perversitatem doli.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e433">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[Ad obiecta]: 1. Ad illud ergo quod primo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obicitur, dicendum quod, quamvis haec non de<lb ed="#Qd"/>terminantur
in iure divino, tamen, quia sunt con<lb ed="#Qd"/>sona
iuri divino et ad conservationem iustitiae,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>auctoritatem recipiunt a iure divino, cum per Le<lb ed="#Qd"/>gem
praecipiatur, <title>Levit.</title> 19, 15: <quote>Iuste iudica pra<lb ed="#Qd"/>xima
tuo</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e451">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Ad secundum vero quod obicitur quod
<lb ed="#Qb"/><mentioned>per ista<!--x--> contingit veritatem iustitiae impediri</mentioned>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicendum quod hoc non est ex actu praedicta<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum
constitutionum, sed ex<!--y--> abusu iniquorum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pro quibus dicitur <title>Isai.</title> 1, 21: <quote>Quomodo facta
<pb ed="#Qd" n="651"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est meretrix civitas fidelis, plena iudicii? Iustitia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habitavit in ea, nunc autem homicidae. Argentum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tuum versum est in scoriam, vinum tuum mixtum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est aqua</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e475">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Ad tertium dicendum quod lex Dei<!--a--> suf<lb ed="#Qd"/>ficiens
est ad omnia quae sunt necessaria; tamen,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quia infinita est hominum malitia, ideo ministris
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Legis reliquit statuere et determinare quae sunt
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>expedientia; unde <title>Deuter.</title> 17, 12: <quote>Qui superbierit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nolens obedire sacerdotis imperia et decreta iu<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicis,
morietur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t2c2-d1e495">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Ad quartum dicendum quod ministri legis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>cum ministerio<!--b--> recipiunt potestatem condendi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>leges de iis quae expediunt iustitiae; unde <title>Prov.</title>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>8, 15 dicit divina Sapientia: <quote>Per me reges regnant
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et legum conditores iura decernunt</quote>.
</p>
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