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ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 3, C. 1</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 3, C. 1</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<front>
<div xml:id="starts-on"/>
</front>
<body>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 3, C. 1</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Hd1e105" type="question-title">UTRUM BELLARE SIT LICITUM<!--2-->.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quaeritur ergo utrum bellare sit licitum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e113">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad quod a. <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad Bonifacium</title><!--3-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e120">Noli existimare neminem Deo placere posse
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui armis bellicis ministrat. In iis erat sanctus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>David, cui Dominus tam magnum perhibuit te<lb ed="#Qd"/>stimonium;
in iis etiam plurimi illius temporis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iusti</quote>, ut Iosue, cui dicitur <title>Exod.</title> 17, 9: <quote>Egressus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pugna<!--d--> contra Amalech et ceteri</quote>; item<!--e-->, <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e133">in iis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>erat ille Centurio, qui Domino dixit: <quote>Non sum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dignus ut intres sub tectum meum</quote><!--f--></quote>, <title>Matth.</title> 8, 8.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e141">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad eumdem Bonifa<lb ed="#Qd"/>cium</title><!--4-->:
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e150">Ioannes ab armis non iubet discedere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>milites, et Christus post tributa, <title>Matth.</title> 22, 21,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Caesari<!--g--> monet reddi, quia propter bella neces<lb ed="#Qd"/>saria
militi stipendium praebeatur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e161">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>e. Item, <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e165"><name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, in sermone <title>De puero
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Centurionis</title><!--5-->: Si christiana disciplina omnia bella
<lb ed="#Qd"/>culparet, hoc potius consilium salutis<!--h--> petentibus
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in Evangelio diceretur, <title>Luc.</title> 3, 14, ut abiicerent
<lb ed="#Qd"/>arma<!--i--> seque militiae omnino subtraherent; dic<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
est autem eis<!--6-->: <quote>Neminem cancutiatis, estote
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contenti stipendiis vestris</quote>. Quibus proprium sti<lb ed="#Qd"/>pendium
sufficere praecepit, militare utique<!--k--> non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>prohibuit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e191">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>d. Item, <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name>, I libro <title>De officiis</title><!--7-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e198">Fortitudo, quae bello tuetur a barbaris patriam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vel domi defendit infirmos vel a latronibus so<lb ed="#Qd"/>cios,
plena<!--l--> iustitia est</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e206">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>e. Item, <name>Augustinus</name>, <title>Vincentio Donatistae</title><!--8-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e210">Si semper esset culpabile persecutionem facere,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non scriptum esset in sanctis libris<!--9-->: <quote>Detrahen<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem
secreto proximo suo, hunc persequebar</quote></quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e218">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>f. Item, <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Contra Petilianum</title><!--10-->;
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e225">Qui, peccat, non peccat Legis auctoritate, sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contra Legis auctoritatem. Inde rogo te, cuius<!--m-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sit vox in <title>Psalmo</title><!--11--> dicentis: <quote>Detrahentem secreto
<lb ed="#Qd"/>proximo suo</quote><!--n-->? etc. Quaere itaque causam et
<pb ed="#Q" n="684"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>modum persecutionis, et noli generaliter perse<lb ed="#Qd"/>cutionem
reprehendere. Non enim persequimur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vos nisi quemadmodum veritas persequitur fal<lb ed="#Qd"/>sitatem</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e246">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>g. Item, <name>Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad Bonifacium comi<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem</title><!--1-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e252">Cuius putant in <title>Psalmo</title> vocem esse, ubi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicitur<!--2-->: <quote>Persequar inimicos meos, et comprehen<lb ed="#Qd"/>dam
illos et non conuertar donec deficiant?</quote>
</quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e260">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ex iis igitur relinquitur quod mali licite sunt
<lb ed="#Qd"/>persequendi et<!--a--> impugnandi.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e268">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra<!--3-->: 1. Omne bellum fit vel propter iniu<lb ed="#Qd"/>riam
propulsandam a se<!--b--> vel a socio vel prop<lb ed="#Qd"/>ter
vindictam inferendam. Sed propulsatio pro<lb ed="#Qd"/>priae
iniuriae prohibetur, <title>Matth.</title> 5, 39: <quote>Si quis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>percusserit te in unam maxillam</quote> etc.; propulsa<lb ed="#Qd"/>tio
iniuriae sociorum prohibetur in Petro<!--c-->, cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ei dictum est: <quote>Conuerte gladium tuum in vagi<lb ed="#Qd"/>nam</quote>,
<title>Matth.</title> 26, 52; illatio vero vindictae pro<lb ed="#Qd"/>hibetur
<title>I Petri</title> 3, 9: <quote>Non reddentes malum pro
<lb ed="#Qd"/>malo</quote> etc. Cum ergo omnis causa belli prohibita
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sit, bellare illicitum erit.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e294">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, <name>B. Gregorius</name><!--4-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e298">Nisi bella ista car<lb ed="#Qd"/>nalia
figuram bellorum spiritualium gererent,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nunquam, ut opinor, Iudaicarum historiarum libri
<lb ed="#Qd"/>discipulis Christi, qui venit pacem docere, ab
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Apostolis legendi traditi fuissent</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e310">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, idem <name>Gregorius</name>: <quote>Quo modo disci<lb ed="#Qd"/>pulis
Christi bellorum proficeret ista descriptio,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quibus dicitur a Iesu: <quote>Pacem meam do vobis,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pacem<!--d--> relinquo vobis</quote>, <title>Ioan.</title> 14, 27; et: <quote>Non vos<lb ed="#Qd"/>metipsos<!--e-->
vindicantes</quote>, <title>Rom.</title> 12, 19, sed <quote>magis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniuriam percipite et fraudem patimini</quote>, <title>I Cor.</title> 6, 7.
</quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e328">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Item, idem<!--f--> <name>Gregorius</name>: <quote>Sciens <name>Aposto<lb ed="#Qd"/>lus</name>
nobis iam ultra bella non esse carnaliter pera<lb ed="#Qd"/>genda,
sed animae certamina contra spirituales
<lb ed="#Qd"/>adversarios, praeceptum militiae dat militibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Christi, dicens: <quote>Induite vos armaturam Dei, ut pos<lb ed="#Qd"/>sitis
stare adversas insidias diaboli</quote>, <title>Ephes.</title> 6, 11.
</quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e344">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>5. Item, <title>Matth.</title> 26, 52: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e348" source="http://scta.info/resource/mt26_52">Omnis qui acceperit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gladium gladio peribit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e354">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ex iis igitur videtur manifeste probari quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tempore gratiae omnino bellare sit prohibitum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e362">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>6. Item, quod omni tempore illicitum sit bel<lb ed="#Qd"/>lare
et prosequi, probatur<!--g-->. Nam dicit <name>B. Hie<lb ed="#Qd"/>ronymus</name><!--5-->,
super illud <title>Gal.</title> 4, 29: <quote>Is, qui se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
carnem natus fuerat, persequebatur eum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui secundum spiritum</quote>: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e375">Qui secundum carnem
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>natus est, persequitur spiritualem, nunquam vero
<lb ed="#Qd"/>spiritualis carnalem persequitur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e385">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>7. Item, de membris Ecclesiae dicitur, <title>Matth.</title>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>5, 10: <quote>Beati, qui persecutionem patiuntur propter
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustitiam</quote>. Cum ergo iustorum sit persecutionem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pati, non facere, relinquitur quod persequi malos
<lb ed="#Qd"/>erit<!--h--> illicitum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e398">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>8. Item, praeceptum innocentiae est1 de lege
<lb ed="#Qd"/>naturali, contentum sub illo praecepto: <quote>Quod ab
<lb ed="#Qd"/>alia oderis tibi fieri, vide ne aliquando alteri
<lb ed="#Qd"/>facias</quote>, <title>Tob.</title> 4, 16. Cum ergo persecutione et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>bello temporaliter et corporaliter noceatur, contra
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praeceptum innocentiae erit bellare vel persequi.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e414">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Respondeo: Bellare iuste secundum legem di<lb ed="#Qd"/>vinam
licitum est et etiam in praecepto regibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et principibus terrae, secundum quod dicit <name>Au<lb ed="#Qd"/>gustinus</name>,
<title>Ad Bonifacium comitem</title><!--6-->, super il<lb ed="#Qd"/>lum
locum <title>Psalmi</title><!--7-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e427"><quote>Et nunc, reges, intelligite;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>erudimini qui iudicatis terram. Servile Domino
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in timore</quote>: Quo modo ergo reges serviunt in ti<lb ed="#Qd"/>more,
nisi ea, quae contra Domini<!--k--> iussa sunt,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>religiosa severitate prohibendo plectendo?
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Aliter enim servit quia homo est, aliter quia rex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est. Quia enim homo est, servit vivendo<!--l--> fide<lb ed="#Qd"/>liter;
quia rex est</quote>, secundum legem iustitiae pu<lb ed="#Qd"/>gnando
viriliter. Iniuste vero bellare illicitum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est et prohibitum, secundum quod ostenditur in
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Baruch</title> 3, 27, ubi dicit de gigantibus, qui ab ini<lb ed="#Qd"/>tio
fuerunt statura magna, scientes bellum: <quote>Non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>hos elegit Dominus, neque viam disciplinae inve<lb ed="#Qd"/>nerunt,
propterea perierunt</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e459">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Notandum autem ad hoc ut discernas quod bel<lb ed="#Qd"/>lum
iustum sit vel iniustum, auctoritatem, affectum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>intentionem, conditionem, meritum et causam<!--m-->.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Affectus et auctoritas debent considerari in per<lb ed="#Qd"/>sona
indicentis bellum; conditio et intentio in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>persona peragentia bellum; meritum in persona
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sustinentis bellum; causa in persona pro qua
<lb ed="#Qd"/>agitur bellum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e479">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Dicendum ergo quod ad hoc quod sit iustum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>bellum requiritur quod persona indicens bellum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habeat iustum affectum et auctoritatem iustam.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustum attentum, ut dicit <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Bonifacium comitem</title><!--8-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e495">Esto bellando pacificus,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut eos, quos expugnas, ad pacis utilitatem vin<lb ed="#Qd"/>cendo<!--n-->
perducas. Beati enim <quote>pacifici, quia<!--o--> filii
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Dei vocabunt</quote><!--9--></quote>. Item, idem <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>,
<pb ed="#Qd" n="685"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e511"><title>Contra Manichaeos</title><!--1-->: Nocendi cupiditas, ulci<lb ed="#Qd"/>scendi
crudelitas, implacabilis animus, feritas
<lb ed="#Qd"/>rebellandi<!--a-->, libido dominandi, haec sunt, et si
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qua<!--b--> similia, quae in bellis iure culpantur</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qb"/>— Iustam vero auctoritatem, hoc est ordi<lb ed="#Qd"/>natam,
secundum, quod ostendit <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>.
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e526"><title>Contra Manichaeos</title>: Deo sive aliquo legitimo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>imperio iubente, gerenda ipsa bella suscipiuntur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>a bonis, cum in eo rerum humanarum ordine in<lb ed="#Qd"/>veniuntur<!--c-->,
ut eos vel iubere aliquid tale vel in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>talibus obedire iuste ipse ordo constringit</quote>. Et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>post subdit<!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e539">Ordo ille naturalis mortalium
<lb ed="#Qd"/>paci accommodatus hoc poscit, ut suscipiendi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>belli<!--d--> auctoritas atque consilium penes princi<lb ed="#Qd"/>pes
sit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e550">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, in persona<!--e--> peragentis bellum duo re<lb ed="#Qd"/>quiruntur:
debita intentio et debita conditio.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Debita intentio, secundum quod dicit <title>Au<lb ed="#Qd"/>gustinus</title>,
<title>De verbis Domini</title><!--3-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e560">Militare non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est delictum, sed propter praedam militare pec<lb ed="#Qd"/>catum
est; nec rem publicam agere<!--f--> crimino<lb ed="#Qd"/>sum
est, sed ut divitias augeas, damnabile est<!--g--></quote>.
<lb ed="#Qb"/>— Item, debita conditio, ut non sit persona
<lb ed="#Qd"/>clericalis. Unde Canon <title>Ioannis Papae</title>, [<title>Causa</title>]
<lb ed="#Qd"/>XXIII, quaest. 8<!--4-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e574">Saecularem militiam exer<lb ed="#Qd"/>cere,
terram defendere, de praeliis tractare et de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>armis terrenae<!--h--> potestatis est</quote>. Item, in eodem,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicit <title>Canon</title> Concilii Meldensis<!--5-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e583">Quicumque ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>clero<!--i--> videntur esse arma militaria non sumant,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quia non possunt simul Deo et saeculo militare</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e591">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, in persona, contra quam agitur bellum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>considerandum est meritum iustum, ut scilicet
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iuste meruerit impugnari vel persecutionem pati.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Unde <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad Bonifacium comitem</title><!--6-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote>Est persecutio iniusta, quam faciunt impii<!--k-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ecclesiae Christi. Ista namque beata est, quae
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>persecutionem</quote> patitur <quote>propter iustitiam</quote><!--7-->; illi vero
<lb ed="#Qd"/>miseri, qui persecutionem patiuntur propter in<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustitiam<!--l-->.
Proinde ista persequitur diligendo,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illi saeviendo; ista ut corrigat, illi ut evertant</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, idem <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, super <title>Psalmum</title><!--8-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e623">Duo ista nomina, cum dicimus <mentioned>homo pecca<lb ed="#Qd"/>tor</mentioned>
utique non frustra dicuntur. Quia peccator
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est, corripe; quia homo<!--m-->, miserere; nec omnino
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>liberabis hominem, nisi persecutus fueris pecca<lb ed="#Qd"/>torem</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e637">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, in persona illius pro quo pugnatur atten<lb ed="#Qd"/>denda
est iusta causa, quae est sublevatio bo<lb ed="#Qd"/>norum,
coertio malorum, pax omnium. Unde
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name>Augustinus</name>, <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e647"><title>De diversis Ecclesiae observa<lb ed="#Qd"/>tionibus</title><!--9-->:
Apud veros<!--n--> Dei cultores etiam bella
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illa<!--o--> pacata sunt, quae non cupiditate aut cru<lb ed="#Qd"/>delitate,
sed pacis studio geruntur, ut mali coer<lb ed="#Qd"/>ceantur
et boni subleventur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e659">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[Ad obiecta]: 2. Ad illud quod secundo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obicit<!--p--> quod <mentioned>bella carnalia discipulis Christi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>traduntur legenda solum propter bella spiritua<lb ed="#Qd"/>lia,
quae designant<!--q--></mentioned>, dicendum quod disci<lb ed="#Qd"/>pulos
Christi appellat, non generaliter christia<lb ed="#Qd"/>nos,
sed viros ecclesiasticos, quibus interdicta
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sunt bella et arma. Unde B. <name ref="#Ambrose">Ambrosius</name><!--10--> con<lb ed="#Qd"/>tra
Imperatoris edictum dicit: <quote>Adversus milites
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Gothos lacrymae meae mea arma sunt: talia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>enim sunt munimenta sacerdotis; aliter nec debeo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nec possum resistere</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e689">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Ad tertium quod obicitur quod a Iesu
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dicitur <quote>pacem meam da vobis</quote>, dicendum quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>bellum iustum non repugnat paci, immo finem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habet pacem. Unde <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, <title>Ad Bonifa<lb ed="#Qd"/>cium</title><!--r11-->:
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e705">Bellum esse debet necessitatis, ut libe<lb ed="#Qd"/>ret
Deus a necessitate et conservet in pace. Non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>enim pax quaeritur ut bellum exerceatur, sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>bellum geritur ut pax acquiratur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e715">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Ad quartum quod dicit <name>Gregorius</name>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod <mentioned>bella ulterius non sunt carnaliter<!--s--> pera<lb ed="#Qd"/>genda</mentioned>,
intelligendum est sicut prius<!--12-->, ab eccle<lb ed="#Qd"/>siasticis
personis, quibus in Veteri Testamento
<lb ed="#Qd"/>licebat pugnare, non licet autem in Novo.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e729">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>5. Ad quintum quod obicit<!--t--> <quote>qui acceperit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>gladium, gladio peribit</quote>, respondet <name>Augusti<lb ed="#Qd"/>nus</name>,
II libro<!--u--> <title>Contra Manichaeum</title><!--13-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e737">Ille gla<lb ed="#Qd"/>dium
accipit qui, nulla superiori ac legitima
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potestate vel, iubente vel concedente, in<!--v--> san<lb ed="#Qd"/>guinem
alterius armatur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e747">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>6. Ad sextum quod dicit <name>Hieronymus</name>
<mentioned>quia spiritualis nunquam persequitur carnalem</mentioned>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>respondet <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name> et <name>Pelagius Papa</name>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[<title>Causa</title>] XXIII, quaest. 6<!--14-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e758">Non vos hominum
<pb ed="#Qd" n="686"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vaniloquia retardent, dicentium quia persecutio<lb ed="#Qd"/>nem
Ecclesia faciat, dum vel ea quae commit<lb ed="#Qd"/>tuntur
reprimit vel animarum salutem requirit.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Errant huiusmodi fabulatores. Non persequitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nisi qui ad malum cogit; qui vero malum fac<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
iam punit vel prohibet ne fiat, non perse<lb ed="#Qd"/>quitur
iste, sed diligit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e781">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>7. Ad septimum respondet <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Ad Bonifacium comitem</title><!--1--> : <quote>Si Ecclesia vera est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ipsa quae persecutionem patitur, non quae facit,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaeratur ab <title>Apostolo</title>, quam Ecclesiam signifi<lb ed="#Qd"/>cabat
Sara, quando persecutionem faciebat ancil<lb ed="#Qd"/>lae</quote>,
<title>Gen.</title> 21, 10. <quote>Liberam quippe matrem caele<lb ed="#Qd"/>stem
Ierusalem, id est veram Dei Ecclesiam, in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illa muliere dicit esse<!--a--> figuratutam</quote>, <title>Gal.</title> 4, 26,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>quae affligebat ancillam. Si autem melius discu<lb ed="#Qd"/>tiamus,
magis ilia persequebatur Saram super<lb ed="#Qd"/>biendo
quam Sara coercendo; ilia dominae faciebat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniuriam, ista imponebat superbae<!--b--> disciplinam</quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e813">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>8. Ad octavum, quod dicit <mentioned>bellum esse con<lb ed="#Qd"/>tra
praeceptum innocentiae</mentioned>, interimendum est.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Unde <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, in libro <title>De civitate Dei</title><!--2-->:
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-Qd1e824" source="http://scta.info/resource/acdc-l2">Pertinet ad innocentis officium, non solum ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>mini
malum inferre, verum etiam cohibere a pec<lb ed="#Qd"/>cata
vel punire peccatum, ut delinquens corri<lb ed="#Qd"/>gatur
experimenta aut alli terreantur exempta</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c1-d1e834">
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>1. Ad primum vero quod obiciebat quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/><mentioned>omnis causa belli prohibita est, quia prohibita
<lb ed="#Qd"/>esi vindicta inferenda et iniuria propulsanda</mentioned>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iam<!--c--> ex superioribus patet responsio<!--3-->. Nam vindicta
<lb ed="#Qd"/>inferenda non est prohibita nisi privatae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>personae et ex libidine vindictae, sed iudici prae<lb ed="#Qd"/>cipitur
inferenda ex zelo iustitiae. Unde, <name>Augus<lb ed="#Qd"/>tinus</name>,
super <title>Iosue</title> 7, dicit<!--4--> : <quote>Si ea, de quibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Deus vehementer offenditur, insequi vel ulcisci
<lb ed="#Qd"/>differimus, ad irascendum divinitatis provocamus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>patientiam. <quote>Nonne Achan filius Zare, praeteriit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mandatum Domini, et super omnem populum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Israel ira eius incubuit</quote><!--5-->? Et ille erat<!--d--> unus homo,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>atque utinam solus periisset in scelere suo</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Simili modo iniuria propulsanda in praecepto est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ei qui utiliter potest eam propellere ab alio. Unde
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name>B. Ambrosius</name>, I libro <title>De officiis</title><!--6-->: <quote>Qui non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>repellit a socio iniuriam, si potest, tam est in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vitio quam ille qui facit. Unde S. Moyses, cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vidisset Hebraeum ab Aegyptio excipientem iniu<lb ed="#Qb"/>riam</quote>,
<title>Exod.</title> 2, 11-12, <quote>defendit, ita ut Aegyptium
<lb ed="#Qd"/>prosterneret. Salomon quoque ait<!--7-->: <quote>Erue eum<!--e-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui ducitur ad mortem</quote></quote>. Sed istud ultimum du<lb ed="#Qb"/>bitationem
habet, quae determinabitur infra<!--8-->,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quaestione de illo praecepto Evangelii<!--9-->: <quote>Dico
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vobis, non resistere malo</quote>.
</p>
</div>
</body>
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</TEI>