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ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 3, C. 3</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
<respStmt>
<name xml:id="JW">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
<resp>TEI encoder</resp>
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<edition n="0.0.0-dev">
<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 3, C. 3</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
</edition>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
<availability status="free">
<p>Published under a <ref target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</ref>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<front>
<div xml:id="starts-on"/>
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<body>
<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 3, C. 3</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-Hd1e105" type="question-title">UTRUM LICITUM SIT EXERCITIUM BELLICUM IN TYROCINIIS<!--4-->.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Consequens est inquirere<!--i--> de exercitio bello<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum
in tyrociniis, utrum sit licitum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e115">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quod videtur: a. Nam bellicum exercitium de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ordine Dei relictum est et concessum filiis Israel,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Iudic.</title> 3, 1-2: <quote>Hae sunt gentes, quas Dominus de<lb ed="#Qd"/>reliquit,
ut erudiret in eis Israelem<!--k--> et omnes,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui<!--l--> non noverunt bella Chananaeorum, et postea
<lb ed="#Qd"/>discerent filii Israel certare cum hostibus et ha<lb ed="#Qd"/>bere
consuetudinem praeliandi</quote>. Ergo illis, qui<lb ed="#Qd"/>bus
bellare fas est, ut militibus, bellicum exer<lb ed="#Qd"/>citium
licitum erit.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e137">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, si actus aliquis bonus est et licitus, eru<lb ed="#Qd"/>ditio
et exercitium ad faciendum illum actum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>licita erunt. Si ergo bellare pro fide vel pace
<lb ed="#Qd"/>servanda licitum est, disciplina belli, ad eumdem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>finem ordinata, licita erit. Si ergo miles aliquis<!--m-->
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>hac intentione vadat ad tyrocinium, ut addiscat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>artem et industriam bellicam ad pugnandum pro
<lb ed="#Qd"/>fide vel pace, cum necesse fuerit, non peccabit.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e160">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: 1. Ostentatio virium peccatum est;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sed exercitium tyrociniorum fit ad ostentationem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>virium; ergo illicitum et peccatum est.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e169">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, lex tyrociniorum est illa quam mali
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habent, <title>Sap.</title> 1<!--5-->: <quote>Sit fortitudo nostra lex iustitiae,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut fortior spoliet debiliorem</quote>. Sed hoc iniustum est.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e178">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, exercentes tyrocinia excommunican<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur
ab Ecclesiae; sed Ecclesia non interi talem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>poenam nisi pro peccato mortali; ergo mortale
<lb ed="#Qd"/>peccatum est<!--n-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e189">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Respondeo: 1. Secundum quosdam, cum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tale exercitium fit ad ostentationem et in di<lb ed="#Qd"/>scrimen<!--o-->
vitae exercitantium vergens, simpli<lb ed="#Qd"/>citer
illicitum est, et quidquid ex tali<!--p--> exercitio
<pb ed="#Qd" n="690"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sequitur, ut vulneratio vel interiectio, sunt taliter
<lb ed="#Qd"/>se exercitantibus imputanda. Et quod concessum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est filiis Israel, non conceditur eis nisi urgente
<lb ed="#Qd"/>necessitate; nec contra se invicem, sed contra
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illos quos debebant expugnare, scilicet Chana<lb ed="#Qd"/>naeos.
Ad illud vero quod obicitur, dicerent
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod addiscere artem bellicam illicito modo et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>cum discrimine salutis, ex quacumque inten<lb ed="#Qd"/>tione,
illicitum est; cum debito vero modo et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sine periculo salutis, licitum erit, sed hoc non<!--a-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est in tyrociniis. — Aliis vero videtur distin<lb ed="#Qd"/>guendum,
quia exercitium tyrociniorum potest
<lb ed="#Qd"/>fieri cum moderamine<!--b--> conflictus, qui ad invicem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est, absque discrimine salutis, si adhibeatur de<lb ed="#Qd"/>bita
diligentia cautelae et in praeparatione et in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>executione. Et tunc distinguendum, quia aut tale
<lb ed="#Qd"/>exercitium fit ad ostentationem<!--c--> roboris et po<lb ed="#Qd"/>tentiae
seu vanae gloriae vel quaestum avaritiae,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et tunc simpliciter illicitum est; vel fit propter
<lb ed="#Qd"/>experientiam propriae fortitudinis et usus armo<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum
et bellicae industriae, ut habeatur idoneitas
<lb ed="#Qd"/>bellandi pro fide et pace Ecclesiae, et hoc
<lb ed="#Qd"/>modo tale exercitium licitum est. Si vero tale
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>exercitium<!--d--> ageretur sine praedicto moderamine
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et diligentia cautelae, illicitum est, quia hoc est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>discrimini se committere.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e263">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Ad illud<!--e--> vero quod obicit de lege tyro<lb ed="#Qd"/>ciniorum,
dici potest quod, si acquisitio spolio<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum
iit ex cupiditate vel avaritia, manifeste est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniusta; sed si fit, non ex avaritia, sed ex ipsa
<lb ed="#Qd"/>conventione praeposita, ut ille qui capitur amittat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>spolia, cum ex tali conventione omnes iudicen<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur
ad paria, non est iniusta nec secundum illam<!--f-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>legem iniquorum, quibus <quote>fortitudo</quote> est <quote>lex iusti<lb ed="#Qd"/>tiae</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m3c3-d1e285">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Ad illud vero quod obicit quod Ecclesia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>excommunicat tales, dicendum est<!--g--> quod falsum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est<!--h-->, exceptis temporibus famis et necessitatibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ecclesiae, cum scilicet necesse habet pugnare
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contra haereticos vel paganos. Iis<!--i--> temporibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>excommunicantur. quia nocent saluti publicae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vel impediunt commune bonum Ecclesiae. Ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>gatur
tamen morientibus in tyrociniis ab Ecclesia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sepultura<!--1--> ad terrorem tyrocinantium<!--k-->, ne scilicet
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sic vires experiantur ut aliquis incurrat mortem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vel mortis periculum.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
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