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ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 4, C. 1</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 4, C. 1</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 1, T. 3, D. 2, M. 4, C. 1</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Hd1e105" type="question-title">AN POENA MORTIS SIT HOMINI INFERENDA.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quod mors maleficis sit inferenda, sicut dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Lex, <title>Exod.</title> 22, 18: <quote>Maleficos non patieris vi<lb ed="#Qd"/>vere</quote>,
multipliciter probatur.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e117">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>a. Primo sic: Si<!--p--> enim de iustitia leviores poenae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>inferendae sunt alicui pro culpa aliqua, cum ipse
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per eas nondum corrigatur, sed addat praete<lb ed="#Qd"/>ritae
culpae contumaciam, manifestum est, cum
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contumacia sit grave peccatum, quod merito con<lb ed="#Qd"/>tumaciae
debet crescere poena aut contumacia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>remanere impunita. Non potest autem de iure
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contumacia remanere impunita; quia igitur<!--q--> cre<lb ed="#Qd"/>scere
potest quantumlibet contumacia, crescere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potest de iure quantumlibet<!--r--> et poena. Quare
<lb ed="#Qd"/>necesse est ut ipsa vel sit mors corporalis vel
<lb ed="#Qd"/>aequalis illi, cum mors corporalis non sit poena
<pb ed="#Q" n="691"/>
<cb ed="#Q" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>infinita. Per hanc autem viam a levibus flagellis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>venietur ad gravia et a gravibus ad vulnera<!--a-->,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ab illis ad tormenta, a tormentis ad ipsam mor<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem
per similia contumaciae crementa<!--b-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e159">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, cum proportionales sint culpae et poenae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illis debitae, si ergo alicui culpae debeatur fla<lb ed="#Qd"/>gellatio,
duplo maiori culpae duplo maior flagel<lb ed="#Qd"/>latio
et decuplae<!--c--> decuplo maior et centuplae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>centuplo maior; sed<!--d--> tanta potest esse flagella<lb ed="#Qd"/>tio
quod inducet mortem; sequitur ergo de ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>cessitate
quod<!--e--> mors corporalis pro aliqua culpa
<lb ed="#Qd"/>possit infligi.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e180">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>c. Item, si alicui culpae debetur mutilatio -
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod et verum est, sicut dicit Lex, <title>Deuter.</title> 25, 11,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de muliere quae apprehendit verenda viri, quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>abscindatur manus eius; et lex talionis, <title>Deuter.</title>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>19,21: <quote>Oculum pro oculo, manum pro manu</quote> —
<lb ed="#Qd"/>arguitur sic: certa est comparatio totius corporis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad oculum et ad quodlibet membrum<!--f-->; similiter
<lb ed="#Qd"/>certa est comparatio mortis totius corporis ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mortem oculi. Ponamus igitur quod pro aliqua
<lb ed="#Qd"/>culpa debeatur eruitio sive mors oculi<!--g-->. Si ergo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pro tanta culpa debetur mors oculi vel eruitio,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ergo pro culpa duplo maiori debetur eruitio duo<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum
oculorum et pro culpa quadruplo maiori
<lb ed="#Qd"/>debetur eruitio duorum oculorum<!--h--> et praeter hoc
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mutilatio alicuius membri vel aliquorum mem<lb ed="#Qd"/>brorum
aequivalentium duobus oculis. Et ita per
<lb ed="#Qd"/>augmentum culpae de necessitate iustitiae per<lb ed="#Qd"/>venietur
ad aliquam culpam ita magnam pro qua
<lb ed="#Qd"/>debeatur omnium membrorum mutilatio et mors.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e224">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>d. Item, esto quod aliquis occiderit hominem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniuste, aut iste est puniendus poena mortis aut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>poena minori. Si poena mortis, non solum igitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>licitum, sed etiam iustum est occidere occisorem.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Si poena minori, ergo vel finito minori vel infi<lb ed="#Qd"/>nito.
Si infinito minori, nullius ergo comparatio<lb ed="#Qd"/>nis
est id quod intulit ad id quod patitur; est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>igitur ista iustitia quemadmodum si quis damni<lb ed="#Qd"/>ficasset
alium in millibus marcharum, et puniretur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in amissione unius festucae, quod ridiculum est.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Si vero finito minori, minori igitur redimit maius,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et idem est acsi damnificasset proximum in vi<lb ed="#Qd"/>ginti
marchis et ipse<!--i--> absolveretur pro una, quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniustissimum est.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e257">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>e. Item, cum mors aeterna infligenda sit pro
<lb ed="#Qd"/>aliqua culpa - sicut dicitur in <title>Apoc.</title> 20, 13-14:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Iudicatum est de singulis secundum opera ipso<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum.
Et infernus<!--k--> ei mors missi sunt in stagnum
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ignis. Haec est mors secunda</quote> — ergo multo for<lb ed="#Qd"/>tius
mors temporalis.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e275">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>f. Item, mors corporalis aut est poena maior
<lb ed="#Qd"/>omni culpa aut non. Si maior omni culpa. ergo<!--a-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iniustus et Deus, qui eam inflixit<!--b--> pro come<lb ed="#Qd"/>stione
fructus ligni <quote>scientiae boni et mali</quote><!--1-->; in<lb ed="#Qd"/>iustus
est Christus, qui eam inferet<!--c--> Antichristo,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sicut dicitur <title>II Thessal.</title> 2, 8: <quote>Quem Dominus Iesus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>interficiet<!--d--> spiritu oris sui</quote>. Si vero non est maior
<lb ed="#Qd"/>omni culpa, ergo inferenda est<!--e--> pro aliqua culpa.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e295">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>g. Item, B. <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Qd1e299"> <name>Augustinus</name>, in <title>Sermone Domini
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in monte</title><!--2-->: Elias multos morte affecit propria
<lb ed="#Qd"/>manu et igne divinitus impetrato</quote>; quem constat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Spiritu Sancto<!--f--> repletum, sicut dicit <title>Luc.</title> 1, 17:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Ipse praecedet ante illum in spiritu et virtute
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Eliae</quote>, dicitur de Ioanne Baptista; <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Qd1e313">et alii multi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>magni et divini eodem Spiritu<!--g-->, consulendo rebus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>humanis, non temere id fecerunt</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e321">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>h. Item, idem<!--h-->, in eodem<!--3-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Qd1e325">Verbis Apostoli
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Petri Ananias et uxor eius, sicut in Actibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Apostolorum<!--4--> legimus, exanimes ceciderunt</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e334">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: 1. Obiciunt perversi haeretici illud
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Matth.</title> 5, 39: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Qd1e340" source="http://scta.info/resource/mt5_39">Ego dico vobis non resistere malo</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Sed istud intelligitur de iniuria personali vindi<lb ed="#Qd"/>canda
libidine vindictae, non de iniuria Dei vel
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ecclesiae vindicanda zelo iustitiae, de qua di<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur
<title>Rom.</title> 13, 4, ubi loquitur de principe terreno:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Non sine causa gladium portat. Dei enim mi<lb ed="#Qd"/>nister
est, vindex in iram ei qui malum facit</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e357">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, obiciunt illud <title>Matth.</title> 13, 29 quod dicitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de zizaniis non eradicandis per prohibitionem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Salvatoris, qui praecipit ut sinantur <quote>crescere</quote> zi<lb ed="#Qd"/>zania
<quote>usque ad<!--i--> messem, ne simul</quote> eradicetur <quote>et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>triticum</quote><!--5-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e370">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad quod respondendum quod<!--k--> manifestum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est istud non praecepisse Salvatorem nisi solum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut<!--l--> tritico parceretur. Non enim voluit parci ziza<lb ed="#Qd"/>niis,
sed tritico solum; quare noluit parci ziza<lb ed="#Qd"/>niis<!--m-->
in tritici detrimentum. Ubi ergo crescunt
<lb ed="#Qd"/>zizania in detrimentum et suffocationem tritici,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nullatenus voluit eis<!--n--> parci. Cum ergo impii in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>subversionem populi Dei crescunt, nullatenus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>crescere sinendi sunt, sed per mortem corporalem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>eradicandi. Praeterea, non simpliciter prohibuit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>zizaniorum eradicationem, hoc est impiorum per<lb ed="#Qd"/>ditionem,
sed eradicationem generalem, dubiam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et suspectam, ne scilicet<!--o--> de ambiguo iudice<lb ed="#Qd"/>mus<!--p-->.
Sicut enim inter lolium et triticum non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>discernitur quamdiu est in herba, ita4 de errore
<pb ed="#Qd" n="692"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>alicuius, dum de eo dubium est, non est temere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>iudicandum, sed quando pervenitur ad messem,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut certissime possit discerni inter<!--a--> triticum et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>lolium, tunc faciendum est quod dicitur angelis<!--1-->:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Colligite primum zizania ad comburendum</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e420">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item<!--b-->, obiciunt: Qui occidunt, aut occidunt<!--c-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>malos aut bonos. Si bonos, faciunt contra illud
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praeceptum <title>Exod.</title> 24,7: <quote>Innocentem et iustum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non occides</quote>. Si occidunt malos, sunt eis causa
<lb ed="#Qd"/>damnationis aeternae, quia subtrahunt eis tempus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>poenitentiae, quod concedit eis <quote>benignitas Dei</quote>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sicut dicit <name>Apostolus</name>, <title>Rom.</title> 2, 4: <quote>An ignoras
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quoniam benignitas Dei ad paenitentiam te addu<lb ed="#Qd"/>cit</quote>?
et <title>Sap.</title> 11, 24: <quote>Misereris omnium, quia om<lb ed="#Qd"/>nia
potes, et dissimulas peccata hominum propter
<lb ed="#Qd"/>poenitentiam</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-d1e446">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ad quod respondet B. <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinus</name>, in
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Sermone Domini in monte</title><!--2-->: <quote>Magni et sancti viri,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qui optime sciebant mortem istam, quae animam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dissolvit a corpore, formidandam non esse, se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
illorum<!--d--> animum qui illam timerent,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>nonnulla peccata morte punierunt, quo et viven<lb ed="#Qd"/>tibus
timor utilis incuteretur et illis, qui punie<lb ed="#Qd"/>bantur,
non ipsa mors noceret, sed peccatum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod augeri posset, si viverent<!--e-->, diminueretur.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Nec temere illi, quibus Deus donaverat tale iudi<lb ed="#Qd"/>cium,
iudicabant</quote>, quia, sicut dicit <name>Augusti<lb ed="#Qd"/>nus</name>,
in I <title>De civitate Dei</title> <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q1t3d2m4c1-Qd1e481" source="http://scta.info/resource/adcd-l1">Non ipse occidit qui
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ministerium debet iubenti sicut adminiculum gla<lb ed="#Qd"/>dius
utenti. Ideo nequaquam contra praeceptum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quo dictum est <quote>non occides</quote> iecerunt qui per<lb ed="#Qd"/>sonam
gerentes publicae potestatis secundum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>legem Dei, hoc est iustissimae rationis imperio,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sceleratos morte punierunt</quote>. De hac materia satis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>invenies disputatum supra<!--f-->, inquisitione de illo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praecepto <quote>non occides</quote><!--4-->.
</p>
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