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ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 2, T. 2, C. 3</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
<respStmt>
<name xml:id="JW">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 2, T. 2, C. 3</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<div xml:id="starts-on"/>
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<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 2, T. 2, C. 3</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Hd1e105" type="question-title">UTRUM LEGES IUDICIALES DE REBUS COMMUNICANDIS SINT ADHUC OBSERVANDAE.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Inquisito de<!--v--> rebus possidendis, quaerendum est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de legibus iudicialibus in rebus distribuendis
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>seu communicandis, de quibus datae sunt plures
<lb ed="#Qd"/>leges iudiciales.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e121">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>I. 1. Nam <title>Exod.</title> 23, 10-11 dicitur: <quote>Sex annis se<lb ed="#Qd"/>minabis
terram tuam et congregabis fruges eius,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>septimo autem<!--a--> anno dimittes eam et quiescere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>facies, ut comedant pauperes populi tui</quote>. Con<lb ed="#Qd"/>stans
est quod lex ista plena pietate est, qua
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praecipitur<!--b--> ut in septimo anno communicent
<lb ed="#Qd"/>suas possessiones. Cum ergo praecepta pietatis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>semper sint observanda, istud erit modo obser<lb ed="#Qd"/>vandum<!--c-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e143">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, similis lex est <title>Levit.</title> 23, 36 de die oc<lb ed="#Qd"/>tavo
Scenopegiae, de quo dicitur quod erit <quote>sanc<lb ed="#Qd"/>tissimus
atque celeberrimas; est enim<!--d--> coetus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>atque collectae</quote>. Et intentio huius praecepti erat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut illo die fieret collecta ad sustentationem pau<lb ed="#Qd"/>perum
et aedificationem Tabernaculi; et constat
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod istud<!--e--> similiter plenum pietate est; ergo
<lb ed="#Qd"/>esset servandum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e164">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item, <title>Levit.</title> 25, 10, datur praeceptum quod
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in anno iubilaeo debeat fieri restitutio possessio<lb ed="#Qd"/>num,
manumissio servorum, quod similiter ple<lb ed="#Qd"/>num
pietate est.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e175">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4. Item, <title>Levit.</title> 23, 22 dicitur: <quote>Postquam mes<lb ed="#Qd"/>sueritis
segetem terrae vestrae, non secabitis eum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>usque ad solum, nec remanentes spicas<!--f--> colli<lb ed="#Qd"/>getis,
sed pauperibus et peregrinis dimittetis eas</quote>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Glossa</title><!--1-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e188">Haec pietate plena sunt</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e192">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>5. Item, <title>Deuter.</title> 15, 4: <quote>Omnino indigens et<!--g-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mendicus non erit inter vos</quote>. Cum ergo istud
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praeceptum sit piissimum, maxime erit observan<lb ed="#Qd"/>dum.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e203">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: a. <title>Gal.</title> 4, 10: <quote>Dies<!--h--> observatis et annos</quote>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Glossa</title> <name>Hieronymi</name><!--2-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e209">Puto equidem hoc de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>septimo remissionis anno dici, <title>Deuter.</title> 15, 1, et de
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quinquagesimo, qui ab illis dicitur iubilaeus<!--3--></quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ergo ipse <name>Apostolus</name> reprehendit Galatas de ob<lb ed="#Qd"/>servantia
praedictarum legum; ergo non sunt
<lb ed="#Qd"/>observandae tempore gratiae<!--i-->.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e224">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>b. Item, <title>Ioan.</title> 12, 8 dicitur: <quote>Pauperes semper
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habebitis<!--k--> vobiscum</quote>; et iterum <title>Deuter.</title> 15, 11:
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>Non deerunt pauperes in terra habitationis tuae</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ergo non est servandum praedictum praeceptum
<lb ed="#Qb"/><mentioned>omnino indigens<!--l--> et mendicus non erit apud te</mentioned>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e235">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Respondeo: In praeceptis iudicialibus de rebus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>communicandis quaedam erant figuralia, quae<lb ed="#Qd"/>dam
litteralia et moralia, sed tamen imperfecta,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et hoc dupliciter. Nam quaedam sic erant imper<lb ed="#Qd"/>tecta<!--m-->,
ut, adveniente perfectione, essent mu<lb ed="#Qd"/>tanda<!--n-->;
quaedam vero sic erant imperfecta, ut,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>adveniente perfectione, essent perficienda; quae<lb ed="#Qd"/>dam
vero erant perfecta secundum illum statum,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sed, adveniente perfectione maiori, per statum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quasi contrarium erant evacuanda. Dicendum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ergo quod praeceptum de observatione anni sep<lb ed="#Qd"/>timi
et octavae diei Scenopegiae et anni iubilaei
<lb ed="#Qd"/>erant praecepta figuralia quantum ad turmam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praecepti, quae erat de observantia temporis in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>figura, quamvis determinatio praecepti esset<!--o-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>moralis, ut scilicet pauperes sustentarentur et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>moverentur, et ideo, sicut<!--p--> ostendit <name>Apostolus</name>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Gal.</title> 4, 10, non sunt ad litteram observanda: ad<lb ed="#Qd"/>veniente
enim veritate debet cessare figura.
<!--missing p break-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Iterum, praeceptum de non secanda segete
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>usque ad solum</quote> et<!--q--> de spicis remanentibus <quote>pau<lb ed="#Qd"/>peribus</quote>
dimittendis, ad litteram praeceptum pie<lb ed="#Qd"/>tatis
est, sed, adveniente perfectione Evangelii,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qua tenemur non solum spicas remanentes, sed
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ipsum frumentum de horreo tenemur indigentibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pauperibus<!--r--> communicare in necessitate, dum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>facimus quod plus, cessat illud quod minus est.
<!--missing p break-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, praeceptum de mutuo dando fratri, se<lb ed="#Qd"/>cundum
litteram pietatis est, sed imperfectum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est in hoc quod solum praecipitur mutuum clan<lb ed="#Qd"/>dum
fratri, <title>Deuter.</title> 15, 7-8: <quote>Si unus de fratribus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>tuis ad paupertatem venerit, non contrahes ma<lb ed="#Qd"/>num,
sed aperies eam pauperi et dabis mutuum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>qua eum indigere perspexeris</quote>. Adveniente vero
<lb ed="#Qd"/>perfectione Evangelii non evacuatur, sed perfici<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur,
cum dicitur <title>Luc.</title> 6, 27: <quote>Diligite inimicos ve<lb ed="#Qd"/>stros,
benefacite</quote>; ei<!--4-->: <quote>Mutuum date, nihil inde<!--s-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sperantes</quote>, in quo iubet mutuum dari etiam ini<lb ed="#Qd"/>mico,
in casu scilicet necessitatis. Et similiter
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Matth.</title> 5, 42 dicitur generaliter: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e326" source="http://scta.info/resource/mt5_42">Qui petit a te,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>da et, et valenti mutuari a te, ne avertaris</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e333">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Item, praeceptum, quo dictum est quod non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>erit indigens et mendicus inter vos, id est desti<lb ed="#Qd"/>tutus
auxilio et quaerens panem per ostia, per<lb ed="#Qd"/>fectum<!--t-->
est quantum ad statum imperfectionis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illius populi, qui per bona temporalia ad salu<lb ed="#Qd"/>tem
attrahebantur; unde eis fiebat promissio tem<lb ed="#Qd"/>poralium,
<title>Isai.</title> 1, 19: <quote>Si audieritis me, bona ter<lb ed="#Qd"/>rae
comedetis</quote>. Adveniente vero perfectione maiori
<lb ed="#Qd"/>populi christiani, quibus paupertas et abdicatio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>temporalium beatitudo<!--u--> est, <title>Matth.</title> 5, 3: <quote>Beati
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pauperes</quote> etc., cessat istud praeceptum, quia in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vita christiana esse indigentem et mendicum<!--v-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>non est esse<!--x--> miserum, sed beatum. Unde dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name>Origenes</name><!--5-->, super <title>Gen.</title> 47, 22: Terra <quote>sacerdo<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
a rege tradita fuit eis quibus statuta cibaria
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ex horreis publicis praebebantur</quote><!--y-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e369">Pharao terras
<lb ed="#Qd"/>suis concessit, Christus abstulit suis. Iosue tribui
<pb ed="#Qd" n="720"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Levi non dedit possessionem, quia Dominus Deus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ipse est possessio eius; Christus dicit: Nisi quis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>renuntiaverit <quote>omnibus quae possidet, non potest
<lb ed="#Qd"/>meus esse discipulus</quote></quote>, <title>Luc.</title> 14, 33.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e388">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>[Ad obiecta]: I. Per haec igitur patet solutio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad obiecta. Nam ad<!--a--> illud quod primo obicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>de communicatione terrae in septimo armo, quan<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
ad formam praecepti, qua praecipitur obser<lb ed="#Qd"/>vatio
temporis, figura est. Unde <title>Exod.</title> 23, 10, su<lb ed="#Qd"/>per
illud praeceptum dicit <title>Glossa</title><!--1-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e403">In senario
<lb ed="#Qd"/>perfectio operum, in septenario requies anima<lb ed="#Qd"/>rum
exprimitur<!--2-->. Bene<!--b--> ergo sex annis semi<lb ed="#Qd"/>nare
terram et congregare fruges eius praecipi<lb ed="#Qd"/>mur,
quia in praesenti vita, quae sex aetatibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>constat<!--3-->, terram carnis nostrae exercere et virtu<lb ed="#Qd"/>tum
semen in ea serere debemus, ut in futuro
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vitam aeternam accipiamus</quote>. Et ideo quantum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ad formam praecepti non est observandum;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quantum vero ad rationem determinationis, quae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est communicatio bonorum pauperibus, non so<lb ed="#Qd"/>lum
anno septimo, sed omni tempore, cum ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>cessitas
est<!--c-->, observandum est.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e433">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Simili modo ad illud quod obicit de oc<lb ed="#Qd"/>tava
die Scenopegiae, quod <quote>est coetus atque
<lb ed="#Qd"/>collectae</quote>, dicendum<!--d--> quod figura est octavae
<lb ed="#Qd"/>resurrectionis, in qua supplebitur defectus meri<lb ed="#Qd"/>torum
in imperfectis per abundantiam meritorum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in perfectis.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e449">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Simili modo dicendum de iubilaeo quod fi<lb ed="#Qd"/>gura
fuit remissionis faciendae per Christum,
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>per quam Patres sancti de limbo inferni<!--e--> redie<lb ed="#Qd"/>runt.
Quod vero praecipitur<!--f--> de manumissione
<lb ed="#Qd"/>servorum, quod pietatis est, et restitutione pos<lb ed="#Qd"/>sessionum,
ratione abundantioris perfectionis in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>statu christianitatis, in quo beatificatur pauper<lb ed="#Qd"/>tas
et contemptus possessionum et praedica<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur
humilitas ei subiectionis meritum, non ser<lb ed="#Qd"/>vatur.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e475">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>4—5. Ad reliqua vero omnia patet solutio
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ex iam dictis.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e482">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>II. Sed tamen adhuc quaeret aliquis de illo iudi<lb ed="#Qd"/>ciali
praecepto pietatis, <title>Deuter.</title><lb ed="#Qb"/> 24, 12—13: <quote>Non per<lb ed="#Qd"/>noctabit
apud te pignus</quote> fratris tui, <quote>si pauper est;
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sed statim reddes ei</quote>; et iterum<!--4-->: <quote>Cum repetes a
<lb ed="#Qd"/>proximo tuo rem aliquam, non ingredieris domum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>eius, ut pignus auferas, sed stabis foris<!--g--> et ille
<lb ed="#Qd"/>proferet</quote>. Quaeret<!--5--> ergo <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e499">cur non potius praeci<lb ed="#Qd"/>pit<!--h-->
creditori ut non auferat pignus, quod eadem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>die restituendum est</quote>. Si dicatur <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e506">quod ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>compellendum debitorem hoc fieri voluit</quote> — obi<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur:
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e513">Quo modo ergo debitor urgetur ad red<lb ed="#Qd"/>dendum,
cum sciat se pignus eadem die recep<lb ed="#Qd"/>turum?</quote>
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-d1e522">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Respondeo, secundum <name ref="#Augustine">Augustinum</name><!--6-->, quod
<lb ed="#Qb"/><quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t2c3-Qd1e529">propter memoriam hoc fieri voluit<!--i--> Lex, ne sci<lb ed="#Qd"/>licet
debitor obliviscatur reddere, maxime quia
<lb ed="#Qd"/>creditoris misericordia vincitur, cui non debet
<lb ed="#Qd"/>esse ingratus, si pignus receperit in quo dor<lb ed="#Qd"/>miat</quote>.
</p>
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