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ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lombardpress/lombardpress-schema/master/src/out/critical.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 2, T. 3, C. 2</title>
<author ref="#AlexanderOfHales">Alexander of Hales</author>
<respStmt>
<name xml:id="JW">Jeffrey C. Witt</name>
<resp>TEI encoder</resp>
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<title>III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 2, T. 3, C. 2</title>
<date when="2017-10-16">October 16, 2017</date>
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<authority><ref target="https://www.earlyfranciscans.com">ERC Project 714427: Authority and Innovation in Early Franciscan Thought</ref></authority>
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<witness xml:id="Qd" n="quaracchi1948d">Quaracchi 1948, Volume 4</witness>
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<front>
<div xml:id="starts-on"/>
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<div xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2">
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Hd1e102">III, P. 2, Inq. 3, T. 2, S. 2, Q. 2, T. 3, C. 2</head>
<head xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Hd1e105" type="question-title">UTRUM CLERICIS IN ALIQUO CASU NEGOTIATIO SIT LICITA.</head>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e108">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quaeritur postea utrum clericis in aliquo casu
<lb ed="#Qd"/>negotiatio sit licita.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e115">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Quod non, 1. ex praedicta auctoritate <name>Augu<lb ed="#Qd"/>stini</name><!--3-->
videtur.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e122">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>2. Item, <name>Hieronymus</name><!--4-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e126">Negotiatorem cleri<lb ed="#Qd"/>cum,
ex inope divitem, ex ignobili gloriosum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quasi quamdam pestem fuge</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e135">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>3. Item. <title>Canon</title> <name>Gelasii Papae</name><!--5--> reprehendit cle<lb ed="#Qd"/>ricos
negotiationibus intendentes, et sine pudore
<lb ed="#Qd"/>recolentes quod in Evangelio <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e143">Dominus negotia<lb ed="#Qd"/>tores
verberatos ex templo<!--n--> legitur expulisse</quote>,
<lb ed="#Qd"/><title>Matth.</title> 21, 12. Item, nec apostolica verba recensen<lb ed="#Qd"/>tes,
<quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e153">quibus ait: <quote>Nemo militans Deo, implicat se
<lb ed="#Qd"/>negotiis saecularibus</quote></quote>, <title>II Tim.</title> 2, 4. Item, <quote>Psal<lb ed="#Qd"/>mistam
quoque David surda aure audire dissi<lb ed="#Qd"/>mulant<!--o-->
cantantem<!--6-->: <quote>Quoniam non cognovi ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>gotiationes,
introibo in potentias Domini</quote></quote>. Ex iis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ergo idem <name>Gelasius</name> ab omnibus saecularibus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>negotiis clericis dicit esse cessandum, <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e168">quoniam
<lb ed="#Qd"/><quote>domus</quote> Dei <quote>domus orationis</quote><!--7--> esse debet, ne per
<lb ed="#Qd"/>officia negotiationis potius sit <quote>spelunca latronum</quote></quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e176">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Contra: a. Dicit <title>Canon</title> Concilii Carthaginensis,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>dist. 91<!--p8-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e182">Clericus victum vel vestitum sibi ar<lb ed="#Qd"/>tificiolo<!--q-->
vel agricultura absque officii sui<!--r--> detri<lb ed="#Qd"/>mento
dumtaxat praeparet. Clericus enim, qui
<lb ed="#Qd"/>absque corpusculi sui inaequalitate vigiliis deest,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>stipendio privatus excommunicetur</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e194">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>II. Item, ex Concilio Carthaginensi<!--9-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e198">Clericus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quilibet verbo Dei eruditus artificiolo victum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quaerat</quote>. — Item: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e205">Omnes clerici, qui ad ope<lb ed="#Qd"/>randum
validi sunt, et<!--s--> artificiola et litteras di<lb ed="#Qd"/>scant</quote>.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e213">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>c. Item, <name>Apostolus</name> pro se et aliis dicit: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e217" source="http://scta.info/resource/Icor4_12">Labora<lb ed="#Qd"/>mus,
operantes manibus nostris</quote>, <title>I ad Cor.</title> 4, 12.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e223">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>d. Item, in<!--t--> <title>Psalmo</title><!--10-->: <quote>Labores manuum tuarum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quia manducabis beatus es, et bene tibi erit</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ergo ipsi Apostoli et Prophetae ex labore suo
<pb ed="#Qd" n="725"/>
<cb ed="#Qd" n="a"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>supplebant quoad<!--a--> aliqua aliorum hominum in<lb ed="#Qd"/>digentiam<!--b-->,
ut ipsi per eos in alio supplerent<!--c-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>suam indigentiam, ut in cibo sive alio. Sed hoc<!--d-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est, sicut dicit <name>Philosophus</name>, in <title>Ethicis</title><!--1-->, con<lb ed="#Qd"/>negotiatio.
Relinquitur ergo<!--e--> quod clericis sive
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quibuscumque licitum erit negotiari.
<!--missing p break-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Respondeo: Negotiatio seu mercatio dicitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>pluribus modis<!--f-->: communiter et improprie<!--g--> circa
<lb ed="#Qd"/>contractum acquisitionis per mutuum; proprie
<lb ed="#Qd"/>circa acquisitionem per contractum emptionis et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>venditionis; minus proprie circa acquisitionem
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in contractu venditionis<!--h-->. Primo modo usura di<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur
mercatio sive negotiatio. Unde <name>Chryso<lb ed="#Qd"/>stostomus</name><!--2-->,
super <title>Matth.</title> 21, 12, super illud <quote>eiecit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vendentes et ementes de templo</quote>: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e268">Super omnes
<lb ed="#Qd"/>mercatores maledictus est plus usurarius. Ipse
<lb ed="#Qd"/>namque rem datam a Deo vendit, non compara<lb ed="#Qd"/>tam;
post foenus rem suam repetit, tollens aliena<!--i-->
<lb ed="#Qd"/>cum suis; mercator vero non repetit rem ven<lb ed="#Qd"/>ditam</quote>.
Et haec negotiatio degradatione punitur
<lb ed="#Qd"/>in clerico, sicut<!--k--> dicit <title>Canon</title>, dist. 47<!--3-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e283">Si quis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>clericorum detectus fuerit usuras accipere, pla<lb ed="#Qd"/>cuit
degradare</quote>. — Secundo modo negotiatio di<lb ed="#Qd"/>citur
in emptione rei alicuius ut postea venda<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur;
et quia, sicut patet ex praecedentibus<!--4-->, vix
<lb ed="#Qd"/>potest exerceri sine peccato, ideo interdicta est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>illis qui debent praebere aliis exemplum virtutis,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut clericis. Dicitur enim in <title>Eccli.</title> 26, 28: <quote>Difficile
<lb ed="#Qd"/>exuitur a negligentia sua negatians</quote>; et iterum,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>27, 2, de illo qui quaerit locupletari: <quote>Inter me<lb ed="#Qd"/>dium
emptionis et venditionis angustiabitur pec<lb ed="#Qd"/>catis</quote>.
— Tertio modo minus proprie dicitur ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>gotiatio
in acquisitione per venditionem. Circa
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod distinguendum est, quia aut venditur<!--l--> res
<lb ed="#Qd"/>cuius valor totus est ex artificio, non ex mate<lb ed="#Qd"/>ria,
ut storiae, quae fiunt ex iuncis, et asurium,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quod fit ex quibusdam quasi impretiabilibus. Et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>huiusmodi venditio seu negotiatio simpliciter est
<lb ed="#Qd"/>concessa clerico et etiam monacho, sicut dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Hieronymus, <title>Ad Rusticum monachum</title><!--5-->: <quote xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-Qd1e327">Si
<lb ed="#Qd"/>habentes Apostoli potestatem de Evangelio vi<lb ed="#Qd"/>vere<!--6-->,
laborabant<!--m--> manibus suis, ne quem gra<lb ed="#Qd"/>varent<!--7-->,
cur tu in usus tuos successura non
<cb ed="#Qd" n="b"/>
<lb ed="#Qd"/>praepares? Vel fiscellam texe iunco vel canistrum
<lb ed="#Qd"/>plecte viminibus. Fabricare alvearia apium, ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>quas te<!--a--> mittunt Proverbia Salomonis<!--8-->, ac re<lb ed="#Qd"/>giam<!--b-->
disciplinam in parvis disce corporibus</quote>.
<lb ed="#Qb"/>— Item aut<!--c--> venditur res cuius valor est ex ma<lb ed="#Qd"/>teria
et artificio, ut si contingat emere materiam
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut melioretur et fiat pretiosior per artificium,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut si quis emat pergamenum, ut<!--d--> inde faciat li<lb ed="#Qd"/>brum,
vel tabulas, ut inde iaciat scrinium<!--9-->. Et
<lb ed="#Qd"/>haec iterum negotiatio concessa est clerico in
<lb ed="#Qd"/>necessitate et<!--e--> etiam monacho. Unde <name>Hierony<lb ed="#Qd"/>mus</name>,
<title>Ad Rusticum</title><!--10-->: <quote>Scribantur libri, ut manus
<lb ed="#Qd"/>operetur cibos et anima lectione saturetur; texan<lb ed="#Qd"/>tur
et lina capiendis piscibus. Aegyptiorum mo<lb ed="#Qd"/>nasteria
hunc morem tenent, ut nullum absque
<lb ed="#Qd"/>labore suscipiant</quote>. Et de tali negotio<!--f--> dicit
<lb ed="#Qd"/><name>Chrysostomus</name><!--11-->: <quote>Quicumque rem comparat,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>ut materia sibi<!--g--> sit aliquid operandi, ille non
<lb ed="#Qd"/>est negotiator</quote>, supple proprie. — Item, aut ven<lb ed="#Qd"/>ditur
res cuius valor totus est ex se ipsa, non ex
<lb ed="#Qd"/>artificio quod vendens superaddat, et tunc aut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>emitur ut vendatur aut non emitur, sed donata
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vel alio modo acquisita venditur. Si emitur ut
<lb ed="#Qd"/>vendatur, sic est negotiatio praedicta, quae in<lb ed="#Qd"/>terdicta
est clerico. Si vero non est<!--h--> empta,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sed donata vel acquisita alio modo venditur,
<lb ed="#Qd"/>sic est negotiatio minus proprie dicta, quae om<lb ed="#Qd"/>nibus
est concessa, de qua loquitur <name>Philoso<lb ed="#Qd"/>phus</name><!--12-->.
— Ex, iis igitur<!--i--> patet responsio ad
<lb ed="#Qd"/>obiecta.
</p>
<p xml:id="ahsh-l3p2in3t2s2q2t3c2-d1e407">
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Notandum tamen est quod, quamvis clericis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>secundum distinctionem praedictam non liceat ne<lb ed="#Qd"/>gotiari,
et liceat sibi propriis manibus quaerere
<lb ed="#Qd"/>victum<!--k--> secundum formam <name>Apostoli</name>, non tamen
<lb ed="#Qd"/>licet eis ut per haec subtrahant se ecclesiasticis
<lb ed="#Qd"/>officiis, sicut dicit <title>Canon</title>, dist. 91<!--l13-->, quod prae<lb ed="#Qd"/>cipue
intelligitur de beneficiatis et<!--m--> in sacris
<lb ed="#Qd"/>Ordinibus constitutis; nam illi sunt divinis obse<lb ed="#Qd"/>quiis<!--n-->
mancipati. Unde dicitur, <title>Num.</title> 18, 6, Aaron
<lb ed="#Qd"/>et aliis<!--o--> sacerdotibus: <quote>Ego dedi vobis fratres ve<lb ed="#Qd"/>stros
levitas de medio filiorum Israel et tradidi
<lb ed="#Qd"/>donum Domino, ut serviant in ministeriis taber<lb ed="#Qd"/>naculi
eius</quote>.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
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