AskUbuntuCorpus.json

{
	"name": "AskUbuntuCorpus",
	"desc": "Visit https://github.com/sebischair/NLU-Evaluation-Corpora for more information",
	"lang": "en",
	"sentences": [
        {
            "author": "Olivier Lalonde",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/14378/what-software-can-i-use-to-view-epub-documents",
            "text": "What software can I use to view epub documents?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You can use calibre software for viewing .epub documents.</p>\n\n<p>To install calibre from terminal:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install calibre\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Or click the icon below.</p>\n\n<h1><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/calibre\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">calibre</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/calibre\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install calibre\"></a></h1>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>If you don't want to launch the full <code>calibre</code> client just to view your ebook files you can add a <code>.desktop</code> launcher to <code>calibre</code>'s inbuilt ebook viewer:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p>Create a new <code>.desktop</code> file in <code>~/.local/share/applications</code>:</p>\n\n<pre><code>gedit ~/.local/share/applications/calibre-ebook-viewer.desktop\n</code></pre></li>\n<li><p>Copy and paste the following passage into the file:</p>\n\n<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open\n\n[Desktop Entry]\nVersion=1.0\nType=Application\nTerminal=false\nIcon=calibre\nExec=ebook-viewer\nName=Calibre Ebook Viewer\nComment=Display .epub files and other ebook formats\nMimeType=application/x-mobipocket-ebook;application/epub+zip;\nStartupWMClass=calibre-ebook-viewer\n</code></pre></li>\n<li><p>Save the file. You should now be able to launch Calibre's inbuilt ebook viewer both from the dash and through the right click \"Open with\" menu.</p></li>\n</ol>\n",
                "author": "karthick87"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "NES",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/18495/which-pdf-viewer-would-you-recommend",
            "text": "Which PDF Viewer would you recommend?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Here are some well known PDF readers:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.foxitsoftware.com/products/pdf-reader/\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>Foxit Reader</strong></a> - View, create, convert, annotate, print, collaborate, share, fill forms and sign.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/xpdf\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>xpdf</strong></a> - <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/xpdf\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Install xpdf</a> \"Xpdf is a small and efficient program which uses standard X fonts\". Lightweight, but with outdated interface.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/evince\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>evince</strong></a> - <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/evince\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Install evince</a> Evince is a document viewer for multiple document formats. Used by default on Gnome.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/kpdf\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>kpdf</strong></a> - <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/kpdf\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Install kpdf</a> KPDF is a pdf viewer based on xpdf for KDE 3.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/gv\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>gv</strong></a> - <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/gv\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Install gv</a> - an old lightweight pdf viewer with an old interface. Size of the package is only 580k. gv is an X front-end for the Ghostscript PostScript(TM) interpreter.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/okular\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>okular</strong></a> - <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/okular\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Install okular</a> - KDE pdf viewer, requires many KDE prerequisites. Can easily copy text and images.</li>\n<li>acroread - Adobe Acrobat Reader, no longer supported for Linux by Adobe, seems to be no longer supported by Ubuntu.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Note that most Linux PDF viewers <a href=\"https://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/792447-3-alternatives-to-the-adobe-pdf-reader-on-linux/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">don't provide</a> the advanced capabilities of PDF.</p>\n",
                "author": "karthick87"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "RolandiXor",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/48299/what-ides-are-available-for-ubuntu",
            "text": "What IDEs are available for Ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://www.geany.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Geany</a> <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/geany\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install geany\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>[Geany] is a text editor using the GTK2 toolkit with basic features of an integrated development environment. It was developed to provide a small and fast IDE, which has only a few dependencies from other packages. It supports many filetypes and has some nice features. My favorite so far. </p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.geany.org/Main/AllFiletypes\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Supported File Types</a></p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/gT8HU.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n",
                "author": "wojox"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Mark Davidson",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/622/whats-the-best-mind-mapping-software",
            "text": "What's the best Mind Mapping Software?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I like <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/freemind\">FreeMind <img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/WMz4X.png\" alt=\"Install freemind\"></a> very much, which is a Java mindmapping tool. Colleagues of me like <a href=\"http://www.xmind.net/\">XMind</a> most.</p>\n",
                "author": "ddeimeke"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Benjamin",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/22871/software-to-read-a-qr-code",
            "text": "Software to read a QR code?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><strong>FOR QR CODE</strong></p>\n\n<p>Install <a href=\"https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libdecodeqr-examples\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">libdecodeqr-examples</a> from the repositories,</p>\n\n<p>Use the program, <code>libdecodeqr-simpletest</code> provided by the package to read your QR encoded image</p>\n\n<p>EXAMPLE:</p>\n\n<p>running this command to read one of the test samples in the examples img folder</p>\n\n<pre><code>libdecodeqr-simpletest /usr/share/doc/libdecodeqr-examples/img/debian.or.jp.qr.jpg\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Gives the decoded output in the console.</p>\n\n<pre><code>libdecodeqr version 0.9.3 ($Rev: 42 $)\nSTATUS=2080\n\n\nhttp://www.debian.or.jp \n\nMEBKM:TITLE:DebianJP;URL:http\\://www.debian.or.jp;;\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>as can be seen a url was encoded in the file</p>\n\n<p>There is also a sample application that works with your webcam called libdecodeqr-webcam\nyou need a webcam to use this, I have not tested it.</p>\n\n<p>IF you would like to generate QR code you can install qrencode from the repositories.</p>\n\n<pre><code>cat input.txt | qrencode -s 10 -o test.png\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The above will encode the information in the input.txt file in an image file called test.png.</p>\n\n<p>or you can input text from the console with;</p>\n\n<pre><code>qrencode -s 10 -o ubuntu.png http://www.ubuntu.com\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The above will generate a QR encoded image called ubuntu.png with the url <a href=\"http://www.ubuntu.com\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://www.ubuntu.com</a> encoded in it. </p>\n\n<p><strong>FOR DATAMATRIX</strong></p>\n\n<p>Install <a href=\"https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libdmtx-utils\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">libdmtx-utils</a> from the repository and try using the tools it provides.</p>\n\n<p>Libdmtx is a library for reading and writing Data Matrix 2D barcodes,\ntwo-dimensional symbols that hold a dense pattern of data with built-in error\ncorrection.</p>\n\n<pre><code>dmtxwrite - create Data Matrix barcodes, simple example;\n\ndmtxwrite  -o image.png input.txt\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>This will encode text contained in input.txt in current directory to an image, image.png in current directory.</p>\n\n<p>dmtxread - scan Data Matrix barcodes, simple example;</p>\n\n<pre><code>dmtxread image.png\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Reads the encoded image.png and writes the decoded messages to\nstandard output.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>See some tips here: <a href=\"http://libdmtx.wikidot.com/helpful-tips\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://libdmtx.wikidot.com/helpful-tips</a></li>\n<li>Home page: <a href=\"http://www.libdmtx.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://www.libdmtx.org/</a></li>\n<li>Resources: <a href=\"http://www.libdmtx.org/resources.php\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://www.libdmtx.org/resources.php</a></li>\n</ul>\n",
                "author": "Sabacon"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Vijay",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/37548/pdf-to-word-conversion-software",
            "text": "PDF to word conversion software?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><code>openoffice</code> (or alternatively the <code>libreoffice</code> fork) both have pdf import plugins and .doc export functionality... though both aspects suffer from conversion issues AFAIK. \nBy this I mean that the conversion fidelity isn't always 100%. </p>\n\n<p><strong>Abiword</strong> also works in a similar way, if OpenOffice doesn't work on your system.</p>\n",
                "author": "jmetz"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Alaukik",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/48700/is-there-software-that-can-view-dwg-files",
            "text": "Is there software that can view .dwg files?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products/draftsight/free-cad-software/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">DraftSight</a>. It doesn't cost money and they'll give you a nice .deb installer... but it's not open source or free software.</p>\n\n<p>On the upside, it will also let you create and edit <code>.dwg</code> files.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/8v1ra.jpg\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Oli"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Noah Goodrich",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/4246/what-are-some-good-php-editors",
            "text": "What are some good PHP editors?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Netbeans is a great IDE with lots of PHP support.  I can't even start to name all the features I use but there are a fair amount.  Check it out here:   </p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://netbeans.org/features/scripting/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://netbeans.org/features/scripting/index.html</a>    </li>\n<li><a href=\"http://netbeans.org/features/php/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://netbeans.org/features/php/index.html</a>    </li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>I've used both Eclipse for Java and Netbeans for PHP and I feel Netbeans is a bit stronger for PHP as well as XHTML and CSS. That's my personal preference anyways.    </p>\n\n<p>Looking at <a href=\"http://www.jetbrains.com/phpstorm/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">PHPStorm</a> I assume you're looking for something similar to it, so a full IDE.\nNetbeans and Eclipse are the closest to that as far as I'm familiar with.  </p>\n\n<p>Netbeans has most, if not all, the features that PhpStorm has on that page plus a whole lot more.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/rHbe3.png\" alt=\"Netbeans IDE\"></p>\n",
                "author": "WalterJ89"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Ivan",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/9248/is-there-a-software-utility-to-adjust-screen-gamma-brightness-contrast",
            "text": "Is there a software utility to adjust screen gamma/brightness/contrast?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://jonls.dk/redshift/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Redshift</a><br>\nI have been using this. Its very nice.</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install redshift\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>To use it just type in the terminal <code>redshift</code></p>\n\n<p>gtk-redshift is just the gui, not required.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.stereopsis.com/flux/\" rel=\"nofollow\">f.lux</a> is also an option.</p>\n",
                "author": "N 1.1"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "aviran",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/344642/please-recommend-a-hex-editor-for-shell",
            "text": "Please recommend a hex editor for shell",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><code>emacs</code> has a hexl-mode for hex editing.</p>\n",
                "author": "psusi"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Paco Porras",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/279705/is-there-lan-topology-mapping-software-available-in-ubuntu",
            "text": "Is there LAN topology mapping software available in Ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>To my knowledge, there are few comparable software packages available, free and out-of-the-box, for Ubuntu that don't require quite a bit of manual configuration.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.opennms.org/get-opennms/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">OpenNMS</a> might come close for your needs.</p>\n\n<p>The Network Topology Mapper(and the SolarWinds Tool Suite, in general) is a <em>very</em> good, mid-level, network management tool. Unfortunately, it is Windows only and comes with a significant price tag. Without a great deal of customization, you will be hard-pressed to find a comparable solution. If you have the budget and run a heterogeneous shop, I can strongly recommend using this piece of software. Also, their IPAM and NetFlow tools are quite solid, as well.</p>\n\n<p>That said, I know of three pieces of software that run on Linux and might give you a start dynamically mapping your network: <a href=\"http://cheops-ng.sourceforge.net/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Cheops</a>, <a href=\"https://www.manageengine.com/network-performance-management.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">OPManager</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.opennms.org/get-opennms/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">OpenNMS</a>.</p>\n\n<p>I would also recommend looking at the <a href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/nmtf/nmtf-tools.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">SLAC page</a> to see if there are any more recent developments in the network management space.</p>\n\n<p>The following applications are listed, in ascending order, in terms of cost, complexity, and feature-sets. </p>\n\n<p><strong>Cheops</strong></p>\n\n<p>Cheops is a free network mapping solution that will go out and discover and graphically display the servers and network nodes for you. It is old, and possibly no longer under development. But, it is a simple tool to use for network discovery.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://cheops-ng.sourceforge.net/images/cheops.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://cheops-ng.sourceforge.net/images/cheops.jpg</a></p>\n\n<p>You can download Cheops, <a href=\"http://cheops-ng.sourceforge.net/download.php\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">here</a></p>\n\n<p><strong>OpenNMS</strong></p>\n\n<p>OpenNMS is able to do network discovery, event management, and performance management. It is available as a .deb package as well.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.opennms.org/w/images/a/a9/Example.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://www.opennms.org/w/images/a/a9/Example.jpg</a></p>\n\n<p>Core features:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Automatic Layer-2 and Layer-3 link discovery</li>\n<li>Automatic Network / Node Discovery and Provisioning</li>\n<li>Automatic Service Discovery and Provisioning</li>\n<li>IPv6 support throughout (new)</li>\n<li>Manual Node and Service Provisioning Requisitions</li>\n<li>Path Outage support</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.opennms.org/wiki/Features_List\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Feature list</a></p>\n\n<p>OpenNMS <a href=\"http://www.opennms.org/get-opennms/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">download</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.opennms.org/wiki/Installation:Debian\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Installation instructions</a> for deb/apt-get.</p>\n\n<p><strong>OPManager</strong></p>\n\n<p>OpManager, on the other hand, is a commercial tool. It has a similar feature-set of the SolarWinds solution. In my experience, it is very robust and customizable. That said, you will have to pay for it. It does run on Debian-based systems, though it is not custom-tailored for Ubuntu. YMMV.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/images/screenshot/network-mapping.gif\" alt=\"\"></p>\n\n<p>In terms of network management functionality, it supports:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Availability and Uptime Monitoring</li>\n<li>Traffic and Utilization Monitoring</li>\n<li>Cisco Monitoring</li>\n<li>Network Device Health Monitoring\n(Router, Switch, Firewall, wireless access points)</li>\n<li>Network Mapping</li>\n<li>Custom Network Maps / Network Traffic Maps</li>\n<li>WAN RTT Monitoring</li>\n<li>Network Traffic Analysis (NetFlow, sFlow)</li>\n<li>VoIP Monitoring</li>\n<li>Network Configuration Management</li>\n<li>IP Address Management</li>\n<li>Switch Port Mapper</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>For a full list of features, see:\n<a href=\"https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/features.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">here</a></p>\n\n<p>You can download a free trial of OPManager <a href=\"https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/download.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">here</a></p>\n\n<p>I would be very interested in hearing from others in regards to using a <strong>free</strong>, unified network management solution in Ubuntu that does not require in-house development and a great deal of care and feeding. </p>\n\n<p>In the mean time, when it's unreasonable to use OPManager, or OpenNMS, I will have to make due with my own custom Nagios/Cacti/SmokePing/Rancid/IPPlan solution for smaller networks.</p>\n",
                "author": "Kevin Bowen"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "kmassada",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/237777/is-there-a-tool-like-wifi-analyzer-for-ubuntu",
            "text": "Is there a tool like wifi analyzer for ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>There is one more tool In Ubuntu software Centre named as <code>Kismet</code>.</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Kismet is a 802.11b wireless network sniffer.  It is capable of\n  sniffing using almost any supported wireless card using the Airo,\n  HostAP, Wlan-NG, and Orinoco (with a kernel patch) drivers.</p>\n  \n  <p>Can make use of sox and festival to play audio alarms for network\n  events and speak out network summary on discovery.  Optionally works\n  with gpsd to map scanning.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>you can install it from terminal( <kbd>CTRL</kbd>+<kbd>ALT</kbd>+<kbd>T</kbd>) also with </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install kismet\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Ten-Coin"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "nixnotwin",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/31450/tool-for-recovering-deleted-data-from-a-flash-drive",
            "text": "Tool for recovering deleted data from a flash drive",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Download\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><strong>TestDisk</strong></a></li>\n</ol>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>find lost partitions and data for\n  External and Internal Drive for all of\n  these file systems, ext2, ext3, ext4\n  and encrypted partition. for windows\n  FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 and NTFS boot\n  sector.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><strong>For Recovering data from external Hard drive</strong><br>\nType <code>testdisk</code> on your terminal and follow this well written step <a href=\"http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step\" rel=\"noreferrer\">TestDisk Step-By-Step</a></p>\n\n<p><strong>For Recovering files from internal and External hard drives</strong> there is <a href=\"http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec\" rel=\"noreferrer\">PhotoRec</a> which comes with TestDisk.</p>\n\n<p>type <code>photorec</code> on your terminal</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Riip.gif\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<p>Select your drive and hit enter to proceed and follow the instruction.</p>\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><a href=\"http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Extundelete</a>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>extundelete is a utility that can\n  recover deleted files from an ext3 or\n  ext4 partition</p>\n</blockquote></li>\n</ol>\n",
                "author": "Achu"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "text": "What's a simple \"colour picker\" app for GNOME?",
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "entities": [],
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Ashwin Nanjappa",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/279409/any-app-that-tells-me-to-take-regular-breaks-from-working",
            "text": "Any app that tells me to take regular breaks from working?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.workrave.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">WorkRave</a> is probably what you want</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Workrave is a program that assists in the recovery and prevention of\n  Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). The program frequently alerts you to\n  take micro-pauses, rest breaks and restricts you to your daily limit.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vPCvO.png\" alt=\"break\"></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.workrave.org/screenshots/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">More screenshots</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Flint"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "karthick87",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/16837/what-are-some-good-ascii-art-generators",
            "text": "What are some good ASCII art generators?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/toilet\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">TOIlet</a> <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/toilet\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install TOIlet\"></a></p>\n\n<p>I've seen <a href=\"http://caca.zoy.org/wiki/toilet\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><strong>TOIlet</strong></a>, I think that is what you're looking for.</p>\n",
                "author": "antivirtel"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Olivier Lalonde",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/19479/what-are-some-good-gui-binary-viewers-editors",
            "text": "What are some good GUI binary viewers/editors?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<ul>\n<li><p><a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/ghex\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><strong>GHEX</strong> <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install ghex\"></a>    </p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/tCT7x.png\" alt=\"alt text\"></p></li>\n<li><p><a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/lfhex\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><strong>LFHEX</strong> <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install lfhex\"></a>     </p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/fRE4F.png\" alt=\"alt text\"></p></li>\n<li><p><strong><a href=\"http://wxhexeditor.sourceforge.net/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">WXHEXEDITOR</a></strong>     </p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/9ybeQ.png\" alt=\"alt text\"></p></li>\n</ul>\n",
                "author": "karthick87"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Sahil Grover",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/401114/which-is-the-best-pdf-metadata-viewer-for-ubuntu",
            "text": "Which is the best PDF metadata viewer for Ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<ol>\n<li><p>View pdf metadata for a file called Example.pdf:  </p>\n\n<pre><code>pdfinfo Example.pdf  \n</code></pre></li>\n<li><p>Edit existing metadata in the terminal using nano editor:  </p>\n\n<pre><code>pdftk Example.pdf dump_data output Metadata-output.txt\nnano Metadata-output.txt  \n</code></pre></li>\n<li><p>Update metadata:  </p>\n\n<pre><code>pdftk Example.pdf update_info Metadata-output.txt output Example-new.pdf\n</code></pre></li>\n</ol>\n\n<p><sub><strong>Nano editor keyboard shortcuts</strong></sub><br>\n<sub>Use the keyboard combination <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>O</kbd> and after that press <kbd>Enter</kbd> to save the file to its current location.</sub><br>\n<sub>Use the keyboard combination <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>X</kbd> to exit nano.</sub>  </p>\n",
                "author": "karel"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "o_o_o--",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/339125/is-there-a-linux-file-manager-with-a-proper-drop-down-tree-view-like-finder-in",
            "text": "Is there a Linux file manager with a proper drop-down tree view? (like finder in OS X)",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://dolphin.kde.org/features.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Dolphin</a> appears to have this capability.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/hmTslUv.png\" alt=\"dophin\"></p>\n",
                "author": "evilsoup"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "NES",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/20204/which-application-do-you-recommend-for-watching-tv-dvb",
            "text": "Which application do you recommend for watching TV (DVB)?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h2><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/vlc\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">VLC <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install vlc\"></a></h2>\n\n<p>I'm using VLC. It works pretty good for what I do. Pause/resume feature works out of the box.</p>\n\n<p>You will have to scan for channels first. Use <a href=\"http://edafe.org/vdr/w_scan/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><code>w_scan</code></a> (<a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/w-scan\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">install it</a> if necessary) and launch the following command :  </p>\n\n<pre><code>w_scan -c FR -X &gt; channels.conf\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Replace FR with your country (<code>w_scan -c ?</code> to get the list). Now, each time you want to watch the tv, just launch this command :</p>\n\n<pre><code>vlc channels.conf\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>You can start recording with <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>R</kbd>, again to stop it. Pause a live program with <kbd>Space</kbd>.</p>\n\n<p>There is a good wiki about DVB in french : <a href=\"http://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/tnt\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/tnt</a> (has a list of compatible hardware).  </p>\n\n<h2>Others</h2>\n\n<p>Other softwares are <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/kaffeine\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">kaffeine <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install kaffeine\"></a>, <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/totem\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">totem <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install totem\"></a>, <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gxine\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">gxine <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install gxine\"></a> and <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/mplayer\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">mplayer <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install mplayer\"></a> but I don't use them.</p>\n\n<p>I used to use Kaffeine but dropped it for vlc because I had some issues. Just retested it and it seems to work nicely. It is a good program for recording  (instant or scheduled record as you want). Maybe should I reconsider my actual choice for watching DVB...</p>\n",
                "author": "Maxime R."
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "all4naija",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/121878/what-is-the-best-hdr-software",
            "text": "What Is The Best HDR Software?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Look at <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/qtpfsgui/\">Luminance HDR</a>.<br>\nThese <a href=\"http://wiki.panotools.org/Luminance_HDR\">notes</a> might be useful.<br>\nIt was called <a href=\"https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/precise/+source/qtpfsgui/\">Qtpfsgui</a> earlier.</p>\n\n<p>And <a href=\"http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx/\">fotoxx</a> (from the comments here) is also an Ubuntu package -- Looks promising, I'll try it too.</p>\n",
                "author": "nik"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Eric Johnson",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/32691/what-do-you-use-to-edit-microsoft-word-documents-docx",
            "text": "What do you use to edit Microsoft Word documents (docx)?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Word",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.libreoffice.org/\">LibreOffice</a> is the replacement for OpenOffice and does the same job.</p>\n",
                "author": "Ashfame"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Strae",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/11588/whats-the-best-wireframing-tool",
            "text": "What's the best Wireframing tool?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://wireframesketcher.com\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">WireframeSketcher</a> is a rapid wireframing tool for Eclipse-based IDEs like Aptana, Zend Studio and the like. It also comes as a standalone version for all major platforms including Ubuntu. Give it a try.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/X1f0m.png\" alt=\"Sample WireframeSketcher mockup\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Peter Severin"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "&#230;ndr&#252;k",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/16386/is-there-any-software-that-will-do-face-recognition-in-photos",
            "text": "Is there any software that will do face recognition in photos?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.digikam.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><strong>Digikam</strong></a>\n<br>\n(...will in the next release, very soon. there may be a beta/development version that does now. please read:)</p>\n\n<p><em>\"Aditya Bhatt added face detection and recognition to digiKam. He says: 'Because of my project, digiKam can now automatically detect faces in photographs. It allows you to tag these faces with People Tags, and can also identify unknown faces and automatically tag them. My work also introduced a wrapper library called libkface that can be used by other KDE apps. Right now everything works okay, but it needs a bit of usability and GUI work, as well as some tweaks to libkface. <strong>Hopefully my work will make it in time for the Christmas release, which will be 2.0!</strong>'\"</em></p>\n\n<p>this is taken from the latest google summer of code update on kde.org, here:\n<a href=\"http://dot.kde.org/2010/12/14/kdegoogle-summer-code-2010-part-1-2\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><strong>http://dot.kde.org/2010/12/14/kdegoogle-summer-code-2010-part-1-2</strong></a>\n<img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/r43TY.png\" alt=\"alt text\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Ike"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "teo96",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/5537/applications-to-replace-itunes-for-ipod-synchronization",
            "text": "Applications to replace iTunes for iPod synchronization?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "iTunes",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 3
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>After many tests, i found a solution to my problem  : </p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Rhythmbox <strong>or</strong> Banshee for music </li>\n<li><strong>gPodder</strong> for podcasts</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>This configuration works fine with iPod Nano 5th generation</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>Details  :</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Banshee corrupts iPod library if you synchronize podcasts (3 times the same podcast, podcast in music and music in podcast, wrong covers ...) </li>\n<li>Rhythmbox synchronize every podcasts but convert video podcasts into audio podcasts (very long synchronization process with high CPU usage)</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://gpodder.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">gPodder</a> version 2.9 works fine with audio and video podcasts (add gPodder ppa for the 2.9 version : deb <a href=\"http://ppa.launchpad.net/thp/gpodder/ubuntu\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://ppa.launchpad.net/thp/gpodder/ubuntu</a> maverick main )</li>\n</ul>\n",
                "author": "teo96"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "German Rumm",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/21971/is-there-an-ssh-connection-manager",
            "text": "Is there an SSH connection manager?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I'm glad you ask that question. Please, take a look at PAC Manager, a Perl/Gtk app that pretends to be Ubuntu/General Linux SecureCRT equivalent, but with much more options!</p>\n\n<p>FEATURES (by now):</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Simple GUI to manage/launch connections to remote machines.</li>\n<li>Configurable [Pre|Post]-connection local commands execution.</li>\n<li>Configurable list of macros (commands) to send to connected client.</li>\n<li>Configurable list of macros (commands) to execute locally when connected.</li>\n<li>Configurable list of conditional executions on connected machine via 'Expect':\n   . forget about SSH certificates\n   . chain multiple ssh connections\n   . automate tunnels creation\n   . etc</li>\n<li>Ability to connect to machines through a Proxy server!</li>\n<li>CLUSTER connections.</li>\n<li>TABBED/WINDOWED terminals</li>\n<li>Wake On LAN capabilities</li>\n<li>Local and Global variables, eg.: write down a password once, use it ANY where, centralizing its modification for faster changes! use them for:\n   . password vault\n   . reusing connection strings\n   . etc</li>\n<li>Seamless Gnome/Gtk integration.</li>\n<li>Tray icon for 'right button' quick launching of managed connections.</li>\n<li>Written in Perl/Gtk (wait, <em>is</em> that a feature? Well, it is for me! ;=)</li>\n<li>DEB, RPM &amp; .TAR.GZ packages available!!</li>\n<li>It is FREE (as in freedom)!! and licensed under GNU GPLv3.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The following packages are required prior to installation of PAC:</p>\n\n<pre><code>libgnome2-gconf-perl\nlibexpect-perl\nlibnet-proxy-perl\nlibcrypt-cbc-perl\nlibcrypt-blowfish-perl\nlibgtk2-gladexml-perl\nlibgtk2-ex-simple-list-perl\nlibnet-arp-perl\nlibossp-uuid-perl\nlibcrypt-rijndael-perl\nlibgtk2-uniqu\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/pacmanager/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">http://sourceforge.net/projects/pacmanager/</a></p>\n",
                "author": "perseo22"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "halflings",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/124159/a-light-alternative-to-gnome-system-monitor",
            "text": "A light alternative to gnome-system-monitor?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You can try </p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/xfce4-taskmanager\">xfce4-taskmanager</a> from Xfce or  </li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lxde.org/lxtask_task_manager\">lxtask</a> from LXDE.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Neither of them pull any specific dependencies.</p>\n",
                "author": "Reinis"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "DisgruntledGoat",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/21768/software-to-create-a-video-slideshow",
            "text": "Software to create a video slideshow?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You can try <a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/imagination\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">imagination</a> from the repository.</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install imagination\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Imagination is a lightweight and user-friendly DVD slide show maker with\na clean interface and few dependencies. It only requires the ffmpeg encoder\nto produce a movie to be burned with another application.</p>\n\n<p>It currently features over 50 transition effects. Exporting the slideshow in FLV format is supported as well.</p>\n",
                "author": "Sabacon"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Tom Brito",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/102675/is-there-a-project-management-software-for-ubuntu-like-microsoft-project",
            "text": "Is there a project management software for Ubuntu like Microsoft Project?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Project",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 10
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I can also suggest <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/planner\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">planner</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/planner\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install planner\"></a>.  It's available in Ubuntu software-center.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.taskjuggler.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">TaskJuggler</a> is really powerful but also a bit harder to use and is not available in Software Center.</p>\n",
                "author": "roadmr"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Amey Jah",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/41601/is-there-any-recovery-software-available-for-ext4",
            "text": "Is there any recovery software available for ext4?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Take a look at this:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/25311/best-tool-to-recover-removed-files/25364#25364\">Best tool to recover removed files</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/32685/formatted-and-lost-6-years-worth-of-photo-memories-any-way-to-get-this-back/32711#32711\">Formatted and lost 6 years worth of photo memories.. any way to get this back?</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/13030/how-to-recover-ubuntu-partition-after-computer-failure/25366#25366\">How to recover Ubuntu partition after computer failure?</a></p>\n\n<p>Where the answers of some other people under those questions may also be helpful for you.</p>\n\n<p>Good luck!</p>\n",
                "author": "Geppettvs D&#39;Constanzo"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Vassilis",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/11317/what-blog-editor-software-are-available",
            "text": "What blog editor software are available?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.scribefire.com/\">http://www.scribefire.com/</a> - Extension for FireFox and Chrome</p>\n",
                "author": "StalkerNOVA"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Ivan",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/11633/can-you-recommend-a-good-modern-gui-download-manager-wget-wrapper",
            "text": "Can you recommend a good modern GUI download manager (wget wrapper?)",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://projects.gnome.org/gwget/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Gwget</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/gwget\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install gwget\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Gwget is a free graphical frontend for of Wget. GWget supports all of the main features that Wget does, as well as parallel downloads. Its name is derived from GUI - Graphical user interface, and Wget.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>You can also install it by</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install gwget\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><br /></p>\n\n<h1><a href=\"http://multiget.sourceforge.net/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Multiget</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/multiget\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install multiget\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>MultiGet is an easy-to-use GUI file\n  downloader.  It's programmed in C++\n  and has a GUI based on wxWidgets. It\n  supports HTTP/FTP protocols which\n  covers the requirements of most users.\n  It supports multi-task with\n  multi-thread on multi-server. It\n  supports resuming downloads if the Web\n  server supports it, and if you like,\n  you can reconfig the thread number\n  without stopping the current task.\n  It's also support SOCKS 4,4a,5 proxy,\n  ftp proxy, http proxy.\n  In v0.8.0, a new feature was introduced, that is so called P2SP, or in other words,  get file from multiple servers, and combine the data from different site into one file. This makes downloads complete much faster.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>You can also install it by</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install multiget\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><br /></p>\n\n<h1><a href=\"http://fatrat.dolezel.info/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Fatrat</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/fatrat\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install fatrat\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Fatrat is an open source download manager for Linux written in C++ and built on top of the Trolltech Qt 4 library. It is rich in features and is continuously extended.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>You can also install it by</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install fatrat\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><br /></p>\n\n<h1><a href=\"http://urlget.sourceforge.net/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Uget</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/uget\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install uget\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Uget (formerly urlgfe) is a Free and Open Source download manager written in GTK+ , it has many of features like easy-to-use , cross-platform (Windows &amp; GNU/Linux) , support pause and resume , classify download , every category has an independent configuration , and more ...</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>You can also install it by</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install uget\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "LFC_fan"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "c0rp",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/753608/is-there-any-program-for-fuzzy-string-matching-which-provides-a-match-score",
            "text": "Is there any program for fuzzy string matching which provides a match score?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I found <a href=\"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_Implementation/Strings/Levenshtein_distance#Bash\">this page</a> which provides implementations of the Levenshtein distance algorithm in different languages. So, for example in bash, you could do:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bash prettyprint-override\"><code>#!/bin/bash\nfunction levenshtein {\n    if [ \"$#\" -ne \"2\" ]; then\n        echo \"Usage: $0 word1 word2\" &gt;&amp;2\n    elif [ \"${#1}\" -lt \"${#2}\" ]; then\n        levenshtein \"$2\" \"$1\"\n    else\n        local str1len=$((${#1}))\n        local str2len=$((${#2}))\n        local d i j\n        for i in $(seq 0 $(((str1len+1)*(str2len+1)))); do\n            d[i]=0\n        done\n        for i in $(seq 0 $((str1len))); do\n            d[$((i+0*str1len))]=$i\n        done\n        for j in $(seq 0 $((str2len))); do\n            d[$((0+j*(str1len+1)))]=$j\n        done\n\n        for j in $(seq 1 $((str2len))); do\n            for i in $(seq 1 $((str1len))); do\n                [ \"${1:i-1:1}\" = \"${2:j-1:1}\" ] &amp;&amp; local cost=0 || local cost=1\n                local del=$((d[(i-1)+str1len*j]+1))\n                local ins=$((d[i+str1len*(j-1)]+1))\n                local alt=$((d[(i-1)+str1len*(j-1)]+cost))\n                d[i+str1len*j]=$(echo -e \"$del\\n$ins\\n$alt\" | sort -n | head -1)\n            done\n        done\n        echo ${d[str1len+str1len*(str2len)]}\n    fi\n}\n\nwhile read str1; do\n        while read str2; do\n                lev=$(levenshtein \"$str1\" \"$str2\");\n                printf '%s / %s : %s\\n' \"$str1\" \"$str2\" \"$lev\"\n        done &lt; \"$2\"\ndone &lt; \"$1\"\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Save that as <code>~/bin/levenshtein.sh</code>, make it executable (<code>chmod a+x ~/bin/levenshtein.sh</code>) and run it on your two files. For example:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-none prettyprint-override\"><code>$ cat fileA\nfoo\nzoo\nbar\nfob\nbaar\n$ cat fileB\nfoo\nloo\nbaar\nbob\ngaf\n$ a.sh fileA fileB\nfoo / foo : 0\nfoo / loo : 1\nfoo / baar : 4\nfoo / bob : 2\nfoo / gaf : 3\nzoo / foo : 1\nzoo / loo : 1\nzoo / baar : 4\nzoo / bob : 2\nzoo / gaf : 3\nbar / foo : 3\nbar / loo : 3\nbar / baar : 1\nbar / bob : 2\nbar / gaf : 2\nfob / foo : 1\nfob / loo : 2\nfob / baar : 4\nfob / bob : 1\nfob / gaf : 3\nbaar / foo : 4\nbaar / loo : 4\nbaar / baar : 0\nbaar / bob : 3\nbaar / gaf : 3\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>That's fine for a few patterns but will get <em>very</em> slow for larger files. If that's an issue, try one of the implementations in other languages. For example Perl:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-perl prettyprint-override\"><code>#!/usr/bin/perl \nuse List::Util qw(min);\n\nsub levenshtein\n{\n    my ($str1, $str2) = @_;\n    my @ar1 = split //, $str1;\n    my @ar2 = split //, $str2;\n\n    my @dist;\n    $dist[$_][0] = $_ foreach (0 .. @ar1);\n    $dist[0][$_] = $_ foreach (0 .. @ar2);\n\n    foreach my $i (1 .. @ar1) {\n        foreach my $j (1 .. @ar2) {\n            my $cost = $ar1[$i - 1] eq $ar2[$j - 1] ? 0 : 1;\n            $dist[$i][$j] = min(\n                            $dist[$i - 1][$j] + 1, \n                            $dist[$i][$j - 1] + 1, \n                            $dist[$i - 1][$j - 1] + $cost\n                             );\n        }\n    }\n\n    return $dist[@ar1][@ar2];\n}\nopen(my $fh1, \"$ARGV[0]\");\nopen(my $fh2, \"$ARGV[1]\");\nchomp(my @strings1=&lt;$fh1&gt;);\nchomp(my @strings2=&lt;$fh2&gt;);\n\nforeach my $str1 (@strings1) {\n    foreach my $str2 (@strings2) {\n        my $lev=levenshtein($str1, $str2);\n        print \"$str1 / $str2 : $lev\\n\";\n    }\n}\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>As above, save the script as <code>~/bin/levenshtein.pl</code> and make it executable and run it with the two files as arguments:</p>\n\n<pre><code>~/bin/levenstein.pl fileA fileB\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Even in the very small files used here, the Perl approach is 10 times faster than the bash one:</p>\n\n<pre><code>$ time levenshtein.sh fileA fileB &gt; /dev/null\n\nreal    0m0.965s\nuser    0m0.070s\nsys     0m0.057s\n\n$ time levenshtein.pl fileA fileB &gt; /dev/null\nreal    0m0.011s\nuser    0m0.010s\nsys     0m0.000s\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "terdon"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Giorgio",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/109935/are-there-any-hardware-diagnostic-tools",
            "text": "Are there any hardware diagnostic tools?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>What you ask is not specific for Linux/Ubuntu and can be achieved with 3rd party software. For instance: <a href=\"http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Ultimate boot CD</a> might be helpful.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/s80p1.gif\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<p>See the link for a long long list of tools that it has. Amongst it are BIOS, CPU, Hard Disk Information &amp; Management, Hard Disk Diagnosis and memory tools. It also includes gparted and a resize program.</p>\n",
                "author": "Rinzwind"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Tim",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/31260/recommendation-for-regex-editor",
            "text": "Recommendation for Regex editor?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>By far, the best tool for the job is <a href=\"http://gskinner.com/RegExr/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">RegExr</a>.</p>\n\n<p>The link above will take you to the online version, which is awesome and definitely the best RegEx tool I've ever used.</p>\n\n<p>If you're looking for something you can install in Ubuntu, then try the <a href=\"http://www.gskinner.com/RegExr/desktop/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">desktop version</a>, which is an Adobe Air application:</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/jQwMT.jpg\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Nathan Osman"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Pitto",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/53222/is-there-a-document-scanning-and-archiving-software",
            "text": "Is there a Document scanning and archiving software?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.logicaldoc.com/download-logicaldoc-community.html\">LogicalDOC Community</a>  could be used for this purpose.\nAllows you to catalog and tag many file types and has a built-in free OCR.</p>\n\n<p>One of the features that I really like about this package is the full-text search engine that can run natively language specific searches.</p>\n\n<p>There is a good documentation for installation on Ubuntu, which doesn't involve special difficulties</p>\n",
                "author": "Marcello Picchi"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "DK Bose",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/423114/keyboard-shortcut-to-shutdown",
            "text": "Keyboard shortcut to shutdown?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Yes, you can assign a specific, non-used key-combination as a shortcut to shut-down. To assign <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>Esc</kbd> (or any other key combination) as the shortcut, go to <strong>System settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Custom shortcut</strong> and then add a new shortcut.</p>\n\n<p>The command should be</p>\n\n<pre><code>dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit /org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Manager org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit.Manager.Stop\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>I am not pretty sure why you have <code>--system</code> twice in the command, but a single one works on Ubuntu 13.10(have tested, confirmed to work).</p>\n",
                "author": "jobin"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "text": "My system doesn't go shutdown",
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "entities": [],
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "wim",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/369613/how-to-troubleshoot-slow-shutdown",
            "text": "How to troubleshoot slow shutdown?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Turn on reporting for misbehaving applications:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p>Open <code>/etc/init.d/sendsigs</code> in your favourite text editor, with root privileges (e.g <code>sudo vi /etc/init.d/sendsigs</code> or <code>gksu /etc/init.d/sendsigs</code>). Search for the line <code>#report_unkillable</code> and uncomment it (i.e. remove the <code>#</code> tag). Save the file.</p></li>\n<li><p>Make sure that apport is enabled: Edit the file <code>/etc/default/apport</code> so it reads <code>enabled=1</code>. (If it was <code>enabled=0</code> then reboot, so apport can start.)</p></li>\n<li><p>Shutdown.</p></li>\n<li><p>Upon the next boot <code>apport</code> should come up with a message telling you that there was some kind of problem with a program. That is the one causing the delay. And there should be a crash report in <code>/var/crash</code> . (If apport doesn't report the name, then just look in the crash file, in the end of the file there will be something like <code>Title: MISBEHAVING_PROGRAMNAME does not terminate at computer shutdown</code>)</p></li>\n</ol>\n",
                "author": "falconer"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "lucacerone",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/174169/how-can-i-shutdown-the-computer-when-a-certain-process-ends",
            "text": "How can I shutdown the computer when a certain process ends?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>This should do the trick:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/cuttlefish-set-actions-reactions-automate-ubuntu/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/cuttlefish-set-actions-reactions-automate-ubuntu/</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Mrokii"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Surfer",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/377384/ubuntu-shut-down-app",
            "text": "Ubuntu Shut down app",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You can add an entry to the <em>root</em> crontab, roughly like this (<a href=\"http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=925450\" rel=\"nofollow\">original discussion</a>)<br>\n<code>sudo crontab -e</code></p>\n\n<pre><code># Shutdown every day at 02:00 am\n0 2 * * * /sbin/shutdown -h now\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Eero Aaltonen"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "text": "What does my computer do when I click 'Shut Down'?",
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "entities": [],
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "vrcmr",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/14794/how-do-i-shut-down-without-the-confirmation-prompt",
            "text": "How do I shut down without the confirmation prompt?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h3>For 12.04 an later</h3>\n\n<p>Settings for the indicator session and logout menu are found by running <strong>dconf-editor</strong> (from <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/dconf-tools\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">dconf-tools</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/dconf-tools\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install dconf-tools\"></a>) </p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/FlKXp.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Takkat"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "thonixx",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/95746/no-action-when-shutdown-pressed",
            "text": "No action when shutdown pressed",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Ok - I don't know if You like it, but it is a somewhat solution:</p>\n\n<p>create a text file PowerOff.sh (with gedit for example) and write there (if Your default shell is bash - if other You'll probably know what to do):</p>\n\n<pre><code>#!/bin/bash \nsudo shutdown -h now\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Click it with Your right mouse button and in proerties: allow to execute as program.</p>\n\n<p>It would be comfy to copy this file in some hidden location (i mean not to leave it on desktop).</p>\n\n<p>After that You need to modify a file /etc/sudoers:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo gedit /etc/sudoers\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>at the end of this file add:</p>\n\n<pre><code>user ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>where user is Your user name f.ex. thonixx if that is how you log in Ubuntu</p>\n\n<p>OK, now create an activator on Your panel, click it with right mouse button, and choose:add to panel ->  add activator -> your own activator -> type: program in terminal and choose Your created file PowerOff.sh</p>\n\n<p>Now it should be possible to shutdown Your PC by clicking the activator on Your panel. if You wish You could even give it an icon of Your choice</p>\n\n<p>In that manner You could possibly make other commands. Or even write a simple python wrapper to show a form letting You to choose if You want to reboot, shutdown, logout etc.\nI gave You the solution without poping out the shutdown dialog, because You didn't really mention which shutdown button makes this errors. You could make identical solution using the command:</p>\n\n<pre><code>gnome-session-save --shutdown-dialog\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>in bash file instead shutdown. In such case You would probably not need to edit /etc/sudoers</p>\n\n<p>Regards</p>\n\n<p>PS: for now it looks like a bug in Unity. try to google: org.ayatana.bamf.view</p>\n\n<p>a few links:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1328994\" rel=\"nofollow\">using logout dialog from terminal or bash script</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/15795/how-can-you-log-out-via-the-terminal\">how to logout</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://linux.byexamples.com/archives/315/how-to-shutdown-and-reboot-without-sudo-password/\" rel=\"nofollow\">how to edit permissions</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3946\" rel=\"nofollow\">how to write scripts in python</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Misery"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "muyiscoi",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/263255/what-is-the-right-way-to-shutdown-ubuntu-using-the-command-line",
            "text": "what is the right way to shutdown ubuntu using the command line?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The right way to shutdown Ubuntu using the CLI(Command Line Interface) is <code>sudo shutdown now</code>.</p>\n",
                "author": "gabemai"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Alvin Row",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/1190/how-can-i-make-shutdown-not-require-admin-password",
            "text": "How can I make shutdown not require admin password?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><strong>You do not need a workaround, just change the policy to allow you to shut down without authenticating as admin for shutdown and reboot when multiple users are logged in.</strong></p>\n\n<p>Edit the file /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.consolekit.policy using your favorite text editor. You will need root permissions.</p>\n\n<p>Change the section relating to shutdown when others are logged in from</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-xml prettyprint-override\"><code>  &lt;action id=\"org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users\"&gt;\n    &lt;description&gt;Stop the system when multiple users are logged in&lt;/description&gt;\n    &lt;message&gt;System policy prevents stopping the system when other users are logged in&lt;/message&gt;\n    &lt;defaults&gt;\n      &lt;allow_inactive&gt;no&lt;/allow_inactive&gt;\n      &lt;allow_active&gt;auth_admin_keep&lt;/allow_active&gt;\n    &lt;/defaults&gt;\n  &lt;/action&gt;\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-xml prettyprint-override\"><code>  &lt;action id=\"org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users\"&gt;\n    &lt;description&gt;Stop the system when multiple users are logged in&lt;/description&gt;\n    &lt;message&gt;System policy prevents stopping the system when other users are logged in&lt;/message&gt;\n    &lt;defaults&gt;\n      &lt;allow_inactive&gt;no&lt;/allow_inactive&gt;\n      &lt;allow_active&gt;yes&lt;/allow_active&gt;\n    &lt;/defaults&gt;\n  &lt;/action&gt;\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>and the section relating to rebooting when others are logged in from </p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-xml prettyprint-override\"><code>  &lt;action id=\"org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users\"&gt;\n    &lt;description&gt;Restart the system when multiple users are logged in&lt;/description&gt;\n    &lt;message&gt;System policy prevents restarting the system when other users are logged in&lt;/message&gt;\n    &lt;defaults&gt;\n      &lt;allow_inactive&gt;no&lt;/allow_inactive&gt;\n      &lt;allow_active&gt;auth_admin_keep&lt;/allow_active&gt;\n    &lt;/defaults&gt;\n  &lt;/action&gt;\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to </p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-xml prettyprint-override\"><code>  &lt;action id=\"org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users\"&gt;\n    &lt;description&gt;Restart the system when multiple users are logged in&lt;/description&gt;\n    &lt;message&gt;System policy prevents restarting the system when other users are logged in&lt;/message&gt;\n    &lt;defaults&gt;\n      &lt;allow_inactive&gt;no&lt;/allow_inactive&gt;\n      &lt;allow_active&gt;yes&lt;/allow_active&gt;\n    &lt;/defaults&gt;\n  &lt;/action&gt;\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>And that will allow you shutdown and reboot the PC when multiple users are logged in.\nWhether you want to do that is a different question.</p>\n",
                "author": "Richard Holloway"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "greg",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/129366/shutdown-in-specific-way-if-no-one-uses-computer",
            "text": "shutdown in specific way if no-one uses computer",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>That's a working script of what you want to do:</p>\n\n<pre><code>#!/bin/bash\nwhile true; do\n   sleep 59m\n   zenity --question --text \"Are you using the pc (click anything)?\"&amp;\n   zenity_id=$!\n   #the user has 1 minute to answer, otherwise PC will shut down\n   sleep 1m\n   if kill $zenity_id 2&gt; /dev/null; then \n      #zenity was still running, shutdown the pc\n      dbus-send --print-reply --dest=org.gnome.SessionManager /org/gnome/SessionManager org.gnome.SessionManager.RequestShutdown\n   fi\ndone\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Every once an hour it displays a pop-up asking 'Are you still here?', if the user clicks on something, then it doesn't shutdown for another one hour (in one hour the pop-up is shown again), but if more than 1 minute passes without interaction with the dialog, then the PC automatically shuts down.\nIn order to start this on startup, create a file with the above code and make it executable (right click->properties->permissions->allow executing file as program) and click on the power button to the top right of your screen, select startup applications and add this script.</p>\n",
                "author": "hakermania"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Alvin Row",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/65965/what-is-the-command-to-open-the-shutdown-dialog",
            "text": "What is the command to open the shutdown dialog?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><code>/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper</code> can be used to open the following dialogs:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Log Out (<code>/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper --logout</code>)</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/d4nEY.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p></li>\n<li><p>Restart (<code>/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper --restart</code>)</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/iKJDK.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p></li>\n<li><p>Shutdown (<code>/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper --shutdown</code>)</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/qoVFc.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p></li>\n</ul>\n",
                "author": "Alvin Row"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Madhav Nikam",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/717206/how-to-shut-down-ubuntu-by-using-keyboard",
            "text": "How to Shut down Ubuntu by using keyboard?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Well you could open terminal by pressing <code>CTRL+ALT+T</code></p>\n\n<p>then simply type :</p>\n\n<p>-for shutdown:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>or </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo poweroff\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>-for restart: </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo reboot\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>As far as  I am aware, there isn't a system shortcut for shutdown, but you could create one. Read <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/91501/are-there-any-keyboard-shortcuts-to-shutdown\">Are there any Keyboard Shortcuts to Shutdown?</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Geo"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Thufir",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/538639/shutdown-530pm-every-day",
            "text": "shutdown 5:30pm every day",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Yes, that's correct. Note that only root can run the shutdown command by default. So, if you have not done any tweaking with the permission of running the command just put the cron entry in the root user's cron (<code>sudo crontab -e</code>) or add the entry in <code>/etc/crontab</code> mentioning the user as root.</p>\n\n<p><strong>EDIT (Regarding Anacron):</strong> Absolutely bad idea. generally anacron is used while you want to run a command daily but you are not sure whether your computer will be On or Off. So lets say you have added an anacron entry to run a command. Then if the computer is On anacron checks and runs the command, if the computer was Off on that specified time the instant you turn On the computer next time anacron will run that command. </p>\n\n<p>So, in a nutshell anacron is used while you are not sure your computer is gonna be On or Off. In your case you are shutting down the computer so if you put that to run by anacron your computer will be shut down by anacron if it was off and when you will turn it On after the specified time. </p>\n\n<p>Your command</p>\n\n<pre><code>30 7 * * * root start -q anacron || : 30 17 * * * root /sbin/shutdown -h now\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>means that run <code>30 7 * * * root start -q anacron</code> first, if that fails run <code>30 17 * * * root /sbin/shutdown -h now</code> makes no sense i think. Just add the entry in crontab and that'll do the job.</p>\n",
                "author": "heemayl"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "roma",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/128182/upgrading-from-11-10-to-12-04",
            "text": "Upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "11.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The volume of comments about issues in upgrading to 12.04 seems pretty scary.</p>\n\n<p>Personally I would make sure all your <strong>data stays in the cloud</strong> (Dropbox, UbuntuOne, etc) and is backed up on <strong>external drives</strong> (cheap now) and <strong>CD/DVD</strong> if possible. and when you are ready to go to 12.xx, do a clean install, install your key programs again and resync the data back in.</p>\n\n<p>If you have a fair sized disk one good option (that I actually did) was to partition off another 100GB and just put it on that and have that be the new default first item to boot (which it will normally be with this install process) (actually a pretty good way to get several consequitive Ubuntu versions out of 1 machine !!!</p>\n",
                "author": "Michael Durrant"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "oledog",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/757023/how-do-i-upgrade-to-the-release-version-of-16-04-if-i-am-running-beta",
            "text": "How do I upgrade to the release version of 16.04 if I am running Beta?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "16.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Once 16.04 is released running:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get dist-upgrade\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Will do the trick, no need for <code>do-release-upgrade</code> (that won't actually do anything because you are already using 16.04, so there is nowhere to upgrade to). There shouldn't need to be anything else to change, anything that does need changing should be done for you automatically.</p>\n\n<p>And just as a side note, <code>sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</code> upgrades many things in addition to all that <code>sudo apt-get upgrade</code> does, so no need to run both, the <code>dist-upgrade</code> option covers both of them as stated in the manpage (<code>man apt-get</code>):</p>\n\n<pre><code>dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,\n           also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions\n           of packages; apt-get has a \"smart\" conflict resolution system, and\n           it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the\n           expense of less important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade\n           command may therefore remove some packages. The\n           /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which\n           to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for\n           a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual\n           packages.\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Paranoid Panda"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Carlos",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/549419/doubts-regarding-the-15-04-upgrade-is-it-inevitable-and-unavoidable",
            "text": "Doubts regarding the 15.04 upgrade (is it inevitable and unavoidable?)",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Ubuntu 14.10 will go <a href=\"https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases\" rel=\"nofollow\">End-of-Life</a> on May, 2015.  Support for the release will end, and updates will be sparse, perhaps.</p>\n\n<p>On the otherhand, 14.04 is a long-term release, and will be supported and downloadable until April 2019</p>\n\n<p>You can always stay on an old release, and possibly suffer from security issues or lack of updates, or you can go with Ubuntu 15 (which will be short term, only 6 to 12 months of support), or revert at some point to 14.04</p>\n",
                "author": "Charles Green"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "d3vid",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/453453/is-any-offline-upgrade-from-13-10-to-14-04-possible",
            "text": "Is any offline upgrade from 13.10 to 14.04 possible?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "13.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>It appears that the answer is no, an offline upgrade is not possible.</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>The reason behind this move, is enourmous amount of support cases of broken and partial upgrades since newer installation media will be missing manual additionally installed packages; packages that have now transitioned to new names; packages that have been removed from the default installation. Thus default install media for next release simply doesn't contain everything one will reasonably need to upgrade, hence the internet connectivity requirement.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>(from <a href=\"https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1170531\" rel=\"nofollow\">bug 1170531</a> via <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/a/283296/7146\">Alexandre P.</a> - see that answer for suggestions on creating a mirror on your local network - this way one machine can perform downloads and other machines use it as a local cache)</p>\n\n<p>I confirmed this by attempting a number of variations on the old offline instructions, none of which worked. In the end I could upgrade using:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>network only</li>\n<li>ISO on CD/USB + network for additional downloads (network connectivity required for upgrade to start)</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>but I couldn't figure out how to do it from a mounted ISO.</p>\n",
                "author": "d3vid"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "user93",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/322252/upgrading-from-ubuntu-12-04-to-13-10",
            "text": "Upgrading from ubuntu 12.04 to 13.10",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "13.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>It'll be better if you don't move from 12.04 to 13.10 directly. The package scripts are responsible for conversion and creation of new settings which will be messed up if you jump releases like that. You may end up with a buggy system that'll ruin your experience with the new release. It'll be better if you upgrade to 12.10 and then to 13.04. The releases are made that way so you can go from one version to another or from one LTS version to another LTS version. </p>\n\n<p>When you've got 13.04, you can further upgrade to 13.10, but I'd really not recommend that. It is still under development, and is not suggested for regular use.</p>\n\n<p>If you do wish to use 13.10, my suggestion would be to download the .iso of the file from <a href=\"http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/\" rel=\"nofollow\">here</a>, and boot it from a LiveUSB or on a virtual machine on Ubuntu itself. VirtualBox is a great tool for this, and you can run 13.10 without the risk of your system crashing and consequent data loss.</p>\n",
                "author": "Projjol"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Shon Top",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/286752/ubuntu-upgrade-failed",
            "text": "Ubuntu upgrade failed",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The installation of Ubuntu allows you to upgrade 12.10. If you want to delete your current version select Erase Ubuntu 12.10 and install 13.04. If you just want to upgrade use the \"upgrade\" option</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/r77MH.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n",
                "author": "duxk.gh"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "user258864",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/435046/upgrading-from-12-04-to-13-10-unanswered-questions",
            "text": "Upgrading from 12.04 to 13.10 ( Unanswered questions )",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "13.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Unfortunately you can not upgrade directly from 12.04 to 13.10.\nYou have to do all the steps in between as this answer explains: <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/34430/can-i-skip-over-releases-when-upgrading\">Can I skip over releases when upgrading?</a></p>\n\n<p>So in your case from 12.04 to 12.10 to 13.04 to 13.10.\nAs this is neither practical nor desirable I would suggest that you either make a backup of your <code>/home/YOUR_USERNAME</code> folder to keep all your music and other personal files save and then download the Ubuntu 13.10 image to make a fresh install.\nOr the other thing you could do is wait till Ubuntu 14.04 LTS comes out in april and then do an update.</p>\n\n<p>The good thing about the second possibility is that you don't have to reinstall your system because you can do direct system upgrades between LTS (Long-Term Support) releases.</p>\n",
                "author": "Daniel W."
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Neo",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/498603/upgrading-to-ubuntu-13-10-from-ubuntu-13-04",
            "text": "upgrading to Ubuntu 13.10 from Ubuntu 13.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "13.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "13.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 8
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You should upgrade to 14.04 because 13.10.support will end tomorrow(after 9 Months of support).</p>\n",
                "author": "Pabi"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "wb9688",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/622327/is-it-recommended-to-upgrade-to-lubuntu-15-04",
            "text": "Is it recommended to upgrade to Lubuntu 15.04?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Lubuntu 15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Lubuntu 14.10 is not an LTS release. It is supported 9 months. So less than in 3 months the support will be dropped. So it is recomended to upgrade. If you do not want to upgrade frequently consider installng an LTS release. It is supported for 3 years. Current LTS release is 14.04.</p>\n",
                "author": "Pilot6"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Sankalp",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/299198/force-upgrade-12-10-to-13-04",
            "text": "Force upgrade 12.10 to 13.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "13.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>To upgrade from 12.10 to 13.04, just press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>T</kbd> on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade\nsudo update-manager -d\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Once that is done, a window will open, just click on Upgrade.</p>\n",
                "author": "Mitch"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "C.S Oren",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/95328/how-to-partially-upgrade-ubuntu-11-10-from-ubuntu-11-04",
            "text": "How to partially upgrade Ubuntu 11.10 from Ubuntu 11.04?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "11.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "11.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 12,
                    "start": 10
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Upgrade using alternate-ubuntu iso \nit is better for slower connections\nit may solve your problem</p>\n",
                "author": "Tachyons"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "PMV",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/55575/problem-upgrading-ubuntu-9-10",
            "text": "Problem upgrading Ubuntu 9.10",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Ubuntu 9.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I'd try removing the Gutsy CD line:</p>\n\n<pre><code>deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "mikewhatever"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "SHK",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/813168/is-it-necessary-to-upgrade-to-15-10-from-14-04",
            "text": "Is it necessary to upgrade to 15.10 from 14.04?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "15.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 12,
                    "start": 10
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The answer is 100% NO.  Do not upgrade to 15.10.  14.04 is an LTS release which means you'll have full support till 2019.  15.10 is not LTS and support for it has already ended since July 28.</p>\n\n<p>The only release you could consider upgrading to is 16.04 but if you're ok with 14.04, you can definitely continue using it without hesitation. </p>\n",
                "author": "Stormlord"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "made_in_india",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/269064/how-do-i-update-xubuntu-11-10-to-xubuntu-12-04-lts",
            "text": "How do I update Xubuntu 11.10 to Xubuntu 12.04 LTS?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Xubuntu 11.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "Xubuntu 12.04 LTS?",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 13,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>If you have Xubuntu installed, the upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 option will upgrade to Xubuntu 12.04.</p>\n",
                "author": "laurent"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Jared",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/120268/why-did-the-upgrade-from-11-10-to-12-04-ruin-my-system",
            "text": "Why did the upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 ruin my system?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "11.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>No you cannot go back to 11.10 easily and even if you do , it might cause more issues. Better solution is to fix what went wrong. As a first step can you try resetting unity to default values </p>\n\n<pre><code>unity --reset\n\nunity --reset-icons\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "mac"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Fi Whitchelo",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/510946/problems-upgrading-from-12-04-to-14-04",
            "text": "Problems upgrading from 12.04 to 14.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You are in a bit of a bind: Your root partition is only ~8GB, so making space in it is hard. What I suggest is that you set up a temporary mount from a folder in your home directory to <code>/var/cache/apt/archives/</code>, so that the space in your home directory partition is available for apt:</p>\n\n<pre><code>mkdir ~/tmp\nsudo mount -o bind ~/tmp /var/cache/apt/archives/\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>This should give <code>apt</code> plenty of room.</p>\n",
                "author": "muru"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Lee",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/392317/problems-upgrading-ubuntu-12-10-to-13-04",
            "text": "Problems upgrading Ubuntu 12.10 to 13.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "13.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You have to use <code>update-manager-core</code> from <code>quantal-updates</code> instead of <code>quantal-proposed</code>.</p>\n\n<p>See: <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/390587/i-dont-know-how-to-upgrade-12-10-to-13-04-or-13-10/393066#393066\">I don&#39;t know how to upgrade 12.10 to 13.04 or 13.10</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Andreas Schaeffer"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "William Baldwin",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/227770/upgrade-from-12-04-to-12-10-without-losing-files",
            "text": "Upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10 without losing files?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Run this command in the terminal</p>\n\n<pre><code>update-manager -c\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>This will check for the latest distribution available. This should hopefully show Ubuntu 12,04.</p>\n\n<p>If that does not solve your problem, try running</p>\n\n<pre><code>update-manager -d\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Hashken"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "antun",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/131259/on-really-old-ubuntu-6-06-how-to-upgrade",
            "text": "On really old Ubuntu 6.06 - How to upgrade",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "6.06",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Backing up your data and doing a fresh install would be by far the easiest option, I'm afraid</p>\n",
                "author": "Sergey"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Richlewis",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/125279/do-i-need-to-uninstall-10-04-to-upgrade-to-12-04",
            "text": "Do I need to uninstall 10.04 to upgrade to 12.04?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "10.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 13,
                    "start": 11
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You do not have to uninstall 10.04 in order to upgrade it to 12.04.</p>\n\n<p>Firstly, you can upgrade your Ubuntu directly using Upgrade manager (as 10.04 and 12.04 are both LTS (long-term support) releases, there's a direct upgrade path, despite 10.04 not being \"Ubuntu minus 1\"). This will allow you to keep your installed applications and settings:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/110477/how-do-i-upgrade-from-10-04-or-11-10-to-12-04\">How do I upgrade from 10.04 or 11.10 to 12.04?</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>If you prefer to do a clean re-install, you will need to prepare a bootable Ubuntu 12.04 CD or flash USB drive, back up all your data, boot from the CD and install 12.04 onto the same partition where 10.04 currently resides. The partition will be formatted in the process leaving no trace of your old OS.</p>\n\n<p>This site is full of detailed recipes how to perform an upgrade or a clean install.</p>\n",
                "author": "Sergey"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Aborted",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/454007/do-i-need-to-reinstall-everything-to-upgrade-from-13-10-to-14-10",
            "text": "Do I need to reinstall everything to upgrade from 13.10 to 14.10?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "13.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 15,
                    "start": 13
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You will remain with all software if you use this the method in this post. It works the same way for upgrading to 14.04 Final</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-1404-beta-1310/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-1404-beta-1310/</a></p>\n\n<p>Using a live USB is a bit complicated and may wipe everything out if you make one mistake.</p>\n",
                "author": "Deecaf"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Morsi Chaari",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/715000/update-manager-upgrade-to-15-04-rather-than-16-04",
            "text": "update-manager: upgrade to 15.04 rather than 16.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                },
                {
                    "text": "16.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 13,
                    "start": 11
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Use update manager without the \"-d\" option. See man update manager for details.</p>\n\n<p>The -d option means update to development release.</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>-d, --devel-release\n                Check if upgrading to the latest devel release is possible</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/update-manager.8.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/update-manager.8.html</a></p>\n\n<p>or run </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo do-release-upgrade\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>See <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/588019/how-to-upgrade-from-14-10-to-15-04\">How to Upgrade from 14.10 to 15.04</a></p>\n",
                "author": "bodhi.zazen"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "mddubs",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/801677/upgrading-16-04-to-16-04-1",
            "text": "Upgrading 16.04 to 16.04.1",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "16.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "16.04.1",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Run <code>cat /etc/lsb-release</code> and you will see that you already have 16.04.1.</p>\n\n<p>If not, run <code>sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade</code>.</p>\n\n<p>In System Settings GUI you see the major release number.</p>\n",
                "author": "Pilot6"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "bcmcfc",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/312/upgrading-ubuntu-server-9-10-to-10-04",
            "text": "Upgrading Ubuntu Server 9.10 to 10.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "9.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "10.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>As part of the package upgrade process, if you have modified a configuration file you will be asked if you wish to keep the modified file, or install the new version, and have the opportunity to view the differences.</p>\n\n<p>This wiki page shows the support periods of all the Ubuntu versions - <a href=\"https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases\" rel=\"nofollow\">wiki</a></p>\n\n<p>Standard releases, e.g. 9.10, are supported for 18 months.  LTS releases are supported for 3 years on the desktop and 5 years as server.  Upgrading to 10.04 has the advantage of this being LTS.</p>\n",
                "author": "Stephen"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "spences10",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/285980/ho-do-i-update-to-13-04-from-the-beta",
            "text": "Ho do I update to 13.04 from the beta?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "13.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The beta becomes <code>13.04</code> when it is released, so if you've done an upgrade on or after the release date you should be running equivalent versions as if you'd directly installed <code>13.04</code>.</p>\n\n<p>(Depending on what point you started the beta, it is possible that you will still have some cruft from beta versions of various software left around - but if you're running <code>apt-get autoremove</code> you should have got rid of most of it. You might want to install and run <code>deborphan</code> as well, which can find other redundant packages.)</p>\n",
                "author": "chronitis"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "gbag",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/527352/how-to-upgrade-from-12-10-to-14-04",
            "text": "How to upgrade from 12.10 to 14.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>This question was addressed a couple times, the relevant links are</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/91815/how-to-install-software-or-upgrade-from-old-unsupported-release\">How to install software or upgrade from old unsupported release?</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/34430/can-i-skip-over-releases-when-upgrading\">Can I skip over releases when upgrading?</a></p>\n\n<p>Both of them suggest that it's probably a mess to upgrade from 12.10 to 14.04 since it would involve 3 upgrades, so it might be easiest to change <code>archive.ubuntu.com</code> to <code>old-releases.ubuntu.com</code> (as in the top answer in the first link) and do a fresh install when I have the time.</p>\n",
                "author": "gbag"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Jeffrywith1e",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/41092/upgrading-from-10-10-to-11-04-how-much-space-is-needed",
            "text": "Upgrading from 10.10 to 11.04 how much space is needed?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "10.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "11.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<blockquote>\n  <p>Would I have enough space to upgrade to 11.04 from 10.10</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>That depends on how much space you've used. This <a href=\"https://help.ubuntu.com/community/forum/installation/DiskSpace\" rel=\"nofollow\">page on Ubuntu wiki</a> (last update 2009) says bare minimum is 1.8 GB. However, most of that is not new, so an upgrade will probably not require a lot of additional space.</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>How can I use that space?</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>If you mount your SD as a system file directory, you can have system files on your SD. However if you remove your SD card, your system may stop working!</p>\n\n<p>To move a system directory to your SD card, see <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/39536/how-can-i-store-var-on-a-separate-partition\">this question</a>. You can follow a similar process to move your home directory to your SD card.</p>\n\n<p>To move your whole Ubuntu install to your SD card, see <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/40372/how-to-move-ubuntu-to-an-ssd\">this question</a>.</p>\n\n<p>If you're not using Update Manager, see this <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/37809/when-manually-setting-up-hard-drives-in-the-installer-how-can-i-set-custom-mount\">question on setting mount points</a> in the live-cd installer.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>Keep in mind that your SSD drive and your SD card will have different performance characteristics. I'd suggest you ask a new question about how to layout your Ubuntu install with a small SSD and SD card.</p>\n",
                "author": "idbrii"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Bruno",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/179995/do-i-need-to-backup-my-12-04-system-to-upgrade-to-12-04-1",
            "text": "Do I need to backup my 12.04 system to upgrade to 12.04.1?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04.1",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 17,
                    "start": 13
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>There is no need to backup or specially \"upgrade\" to 12.04.1 <strong>if you are already on 12.04</strong>.</p>\n\n<p>Simply update as normal, or open a terminal and run <code>sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</code>.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>Não há necessidade de fazer backup por causa do upgrade para a versão 12.04.1.</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Basta atualizar o sistema normalmente, abrir um terminal e executar o comando <code>sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</code>.</p>\n</blockquote>\n",
                "author": "izx"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "flyingfisch",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/512976/cannot-upgrade-from-12-04lts-to-14-04",
            "text": "Cannot upgrade from 12.04LTS to 14.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Maybe you need to rebuild the apt cache:</p>\n\n<pre><code>cd /var/lib/apt\nsudo mv lists lists.old\nsudo mkdir -p lists/partial\nsudo apt-get update\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1983220&amp;page=5\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1983220&amp;page=5</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Daniel Semblano"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "rovshango",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/37630/upgrade-10-10-to-11-04",
            "text": "Upgrade 10.10 to 11.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "10.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "11.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>In general, the answer is yes. For most people the update process will work seamlessly.</p>\n\n<p>There are however always risks. A driver in the new version could be not working as good with your hardware as the previous version. Or something in the upgrade process could be going wrong.</p>\n\n<p>For package conflicts you don't have to worry. If they occur, the upgrade will just stop and restore your system.</p>\n\n<p>If you are talking about a great number of pc's (so, in a company) it is off course smart to test it on your hardware configurations and in your environment instead of blindly updating the first day.</p>\n",
                "author": "Peter Smit"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Vitor Abella",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/760347/how-to-upgrade-from-14-04-lts-or-15-10-to-16-04-from-terminal",
            "text": "How to upgrade from 14.04 LTS or 15.10 to 16.04 from terminal",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "14.04 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "15.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                },
                {
                    "text": "16.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 15,
                    "start": 13
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The easiest way is <code>sudo do-release-upgrade</code>.</p>\n",
                "author": "edwinksl"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Phoenix87",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/804016/how-to-upgrade-from-16-04-lts-to-16-04-1-lts",
            "text": "How to upgrade from 16.04 LTS to 16.04.1 LTS",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "16.04 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "16.04.1 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 14,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>16.04.1 is a point release of 16.04, so you don't need to use the <code>do-release-upgrade</code> command, instead:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get dist-upgrade\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Will get you there.\nIn the GUI, just installing all required updates will do the same job. To check that you're on 16.04.1 use:</p>\n\n<pre><code>lsb_release -a\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Arronical"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Antony",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/90397/upgrading-from-10-04-to-11-10",
            "text": "Upgrading from 10.04 to 11.10",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "10.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "11.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>First, copying your home directory to a Windows partition isn't a good idea, because there are a few files in your homedir that have specific requirements for permissions, and those permissions will be lost on a Windows partition.</p>\n\n<p>For a backup, you could make a tar archive of your files and store that archive anywhere. That would preserve all your permissions.</p>\n\n<pre><code>tar cjvf /windows/c/home_backup.tar.bz2 \"$HOME\"\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>As far as your Firefox data goes, all that info lives in a hidden directory under your home directory: <code>~/.mozilla/firefox</code>. Back that up, and your Firefox bookmarks are safe.</p>\n",
                "author": "Scott Severance"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Vijay Krishna Mikkilineni",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/449385/how-can-i-upgrade-to-ubuntu-14-04-final-from-14-04-beta-correctly",
            "text": "How can i upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 final from 14.04 Beta correctly?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04 Beta",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 14,
                    "start": 11
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Do nothing.</p>\n\n<p>Since you are already on Trusty beta and are using the Trusty section of the Ubuntu repos, you should (by now) already have the packages that are used for the official Trusty release.</p>\n",
                "author": "saiarcot895"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "mdpc",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/453823/is-there-an-upgrade-procedure-from-12-04-lts-to-14-04-lts",
            "text": "Is there an upgrade procedure from 12.04 LTS to 14.04 LTS",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 6
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 14,
                    "start": 11
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>LTS-to-LTS upgrades are always delayed until the first dotrelease (service pack) is ready. The larger differences between the two LTS versions means they need more time to get it right. </p>\n\n<p>In your case, you'll be presented with an option to upgrade when Ubuntu 14.04.1 is released, which is scheduled for July 24th 2014. </p>\n",
                "author": "Jo-Erlend Schinstad"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "B4NZ41",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/30331/upgrade-from-9-10-to-11-04",
            "text": "Upgrade from 9.10 to 11.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "9.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "11.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Generally speaking, you shouldn't lose anything if you upgrade. Make a backup beforehand, though!\nSee the guide <a href=\"https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes\" rel=\"nofollow\">here</a> on how to upgrade. You're going to have to do it step-by-step (9.10->10.04...).</p>\n",
                "author": "Christoph"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "DMSCM",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/454087/how-to-upgrade-ubuntu-12-04-to-14-04-if-i-have-dual-boot-with-windows-7",
            "text": "How to upgrade Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04 if I have dual boot with windows 7?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 8
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Make sure you've burned the DVD correctly, and not just dragging the ISO onto the disc.</p>\n\n<p>Then, pop it in, restart your computer, go into your boot menu, and select Optical Drive or CD/DVD Drive. (whatever your bios says).</p>\n\n<p>The setup process will allow you to install it alongside Windows.</p>\n\n<p>Also, please don't post duplicate questions. This is on here, everywhere.</p>\n",
                "author": "Cody"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "John Nicholson",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/173691/wubi-device-dev-loop0-full-how-to-get-more-space",
            "text": "Wubi Device /dev/loop0 full. How to get more space?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I think you are running Ubuntu with wubi. Is that true?</p>\n\n<p>If so, please refer to <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/107470/how-can-i-check-how-much-space-there-is-left-on-wubi-versus-how-much-space-it-ta\">How can I check how much space there is left on WUBI versus how much space it takes on my HDD?</a> for information about what you can do when you are short on space.</p>\n\n<p>There's a link on that question to the wubi guide <a href=\"https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide\" rel=\"nofollow\">here</a>.</p>\n\n<p>For resizing the space available you should refer to <a href=\"https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ResizeandDuplicateWubiDisk\" rel=\"nofollow\">this</a>.</p>\n",
                "author": "John S Gruber"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "user1034772",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/170102/using-12-04-can-i-compile-packages-with-gcc-for-10-04",
            "text": "Using 12.04 can I compile packages with gcc for 10.04?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "10.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 13,
                    "start": 11
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Forget about GCC, your BIGGEST problem with the way you're going will be dependencies/libraries; the ones in Precise are usually much newer than Lucid.</p>\n\n<p>The right way to build Lucid apps in Precise is to create a <a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;ved=0CFgQFjAB&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FDebootstrapChroot%2F&amp;ei=DuUWUNCuBMelrQG6vIBY&amp;usg=AFQjCNGhgvaByYSZna4_Hqu3Xgdd-Bf1Cw&amp;cad=rja\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lucid chroot</a> and build inside it.</p>\n",
                "author": "izx"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Victor",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/174214/removing-recently-used-items-in-12-04",
            "text": "Removing Recently used items in 12.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>If you want to delete all the recently used items entries in a defined range (for instance: last hour, last day, etc), or just disable this feature you can use the <code>Privacy</code> application (installed by default on 12.04).</p>\n\n<p>If you only want to delete specific entries i recommend you to use <code>Activity Journal</code> (available in Software Center). Just left click on the entry you want and choose \"Delete\".</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Ez5k.png\" alt=\"Activity Journal screenshot\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Salem"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Monty",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/170874/upgrading-from-11-04-32bit-to-12-04-64bit",
            "text": "Upgrading From 11.04 (32bit) to 12.04 (64bit)",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "11.04 (32bit)",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04 (64bit)",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 14,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Depending on your configurations, your PHP settings should be in <code>/etc/php5/*</code>.</p>\n\n<p>I do not know where phpmyadmin stores its data on the system.</p>\n\n<p>I also do not know where your website files are.  but your Apache settings should be in either <code>/etc/httpd/*</code> or <code>/etc/apache2/*</code>, where <code>*</code> is a wildcard meaning everything within that folder.</p>\n\n<p>Those folders contain the files for your configurations, and should be saved.  As well, any relevant user data should be saved as well (<code>/home/user/*</code> for example, where <code>user</code> is your username.)</p>\n",
                "author": "Thomas Ward"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Ant&#39;s",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/174906/how-is-rm-command-different-from-the-delete-button",
            "text": "How is rm command different from the delete button?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Your understanding is essentially correct - the <kbd>Del</kbd> key as used in Nautilus (or other file manager) is NOT the same as using <code>rm</code>; it \"moves\" the file to Trash instead so that it can be recovered unless you <em>Empty Trash</em> (which is the same as <code>rm</code>).</p>\n\n<p>Note that even if you <code>rm</code> a file, the actual data is still on the disk after the inode is deleted. If you act immediately before the data is eventually overwritten, you can still recover the data using a tool such as <code>testdisk/photorec</code>.</p>\n",
                "author": "izx"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Scaine",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/175033/in-unity-how-do-i-see-the-details-of-a-given-launcher",
            "text": "In Unity how do I see the details of a given launcher?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Unity",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 1,
                    "start": 1
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>To read the contents of the launcher file you can open gedit and drag&amp;drop a launcher icon from the dash into it. </p>\n\n<p>Gedit will then display the .desktop file for that launcher which is by the way stored in </p>\n\n<pre><code>/usr/share/applications\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>in my case for example</p>\n\n<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open\n[Desktop Entry]\nVersion=1.0\nType=Application\nName=Desura\nGenericName=Game Manager\nComment=Download and play the best games\nExec=/home/daniel/desura/desura %U\nTryExec=/home/daniel/desura/bin/desura\nPath=/home/daniel/desura\nMimeType=x-scheme-handler/desura;\nIcon=/home/daniel/desura/data/desura.png\nTerminal=false\nCategories=Game;\nStartupNotify=false\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Now just look at the 'Exec=' line in that document in my case</p>\n\n<pre><code>Exec=/home/daniel/desura/desura %U\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>This will point you to where the executable is stored and tell you the name (desura).</p>\n\n<p>By the way...normally it is neither necessary nor a good idea to run desura in root mode.</p>\n",
                "author": "Daniel W."
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Chirag",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/175149/how-to-provide-user-permission-to-read-write-on-dev-sdax-what-is-the-syntax",
            "text": "How to provide user permission to read and write on /dev/sdax? What is the syntax?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Changing the ownership allowed me to copy without doing <code>sudo</code>.\ncommand used:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo chown chirag:chirag /media/hood/ -R\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Where, chirag:chirag is user:group. </p>\n",
                "author": "Chirag"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "ash",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/175761/security-enhancements-prevent-mounting-dev-sdb1",
            "text": "Security enhancements prevent mounting /dev/sdb1",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>If other people are able to get physical access to your computer, I can think of two options to prevent access to your data.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Full disk encryption</strong></p>\n\n<p>Full disk encryption is only available with the <a href=\"http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/alternative-download\" rel=\"nofollow\">alternate installer</a>. At the prompt asking “Guided” or “Manual” partitioning, choose “Manual”.</p>\n\n<p>At the partitioner:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Delete the partition table for the devices that will be used. This will delete everything on the selected device, so make sure that you have everything backed up.</li>\n<li>Create partitions for /boot (no more than 256MB is needed), /, /home and swap. Boot and home partitions should be ext4. Root and swap partitions should be “Physical for Encryption”.</li>\n<li>Select “Configure encrypted volumes”, then “Create encrypted volumes”. Select the volumes that are listed as “crypto” by pressing spacebar, then continue. Enter a passphrase for each encrypted volume.</li>\n<li>Each encrypted volume will now have space available inside of it. To configure these volumes, select the space listed under each encrypted volume. Setup a encrypted volume as swap space and the other should be set to Ext4 and set the mount point to: “/”. Select “Finish partitioning and write changes to disk”.</li>\n<li>Later, when asked to “Encrypt your home directory”, select “Yes”.</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>For further information refer to: <a href=\"http://dailyanarchist.com/2012/02/20/full-disk-encryption-for-ubuntu-and-fedora/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://dailyanarchist.com/2012/02/20/full-disk-encryption-for-ubuntu-and-fedora/</a></p>\n\n<p><strong>Set HDD password</strong></p>\n\n<p>Usually, laptops and corporate desktops are able to set <strong>HDD passwords</strong> on BIOS. If you don't enter the password at POST the disk isn't exposed to the OS. From <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATA#HDD_passwords_and_security\" rel=\"nofollow\">Wikipedia</a>:</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>The disk lock is a built-in security feature in the disk. It is part\n  of the ATA specification, and thus not specific to any brand or\n  device. The disk lock can be enabled and disabled by sending special\n  ATA commands to the drive. If a disk is locked, it will refuse all\n  access until it is unlocked.</p>\n  \n  <p>A disk always has two passwords: A User password and a Master\n  password.</p>\n  \n  <p>A disk can be locked in two modes: High security mode or Maximum\n  security mode. In High security mode, the disk can be unlocked with\n  either the User or Master password. There is an attempt limit,\n  normally set to 5, after which the disk must be power cycled or\n  hard-reset before unlocking can be attempted again.</p>\n  \n  <p>In Maximum security mode, the disk can be unlocked only with the User\n  password. If the User password is not available, the only remaining\n  way to get at least the bare hardware back to a usable state is to\n  issue the SECURITY ERASE PREPARE command, immediately followed by\n  SECURITY ERASE UNIT. In Maximum security mode the SECURITY ERASE UNIT\n  command requires the Master password and will completely erase all\n  data on the disk. The operation is slow, it may take longer than half\n  an hour or more, depending on the size of the disk.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Hard Disk imaging</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.clonezilla.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Clonezilla</a> is an great tool to image HDDs and partitions, but I don't know if it can generate images from encrypted disks, but you can certainly clone the whole disk using <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/a/2725/65926\">dd</a>. A password locked HD won't be a problem since you'll unlock it prior image generation.</p>\n",
                "author": "Eric Carvalho"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "trent",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/177651/how-do-i-show-grub-when-resuming-from-suspend",
            "text": "How do I show grub when resuming from suspend?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You are experiencing this in Windows because you are resuming from Hibernate, not Suspend. When you leave Windows on suspend for a while while running Windows, it automatically hibernates. To change this on Windows, go to <strong>Control Panel</strong>-><strong>Power Options</strong>, select <strong>Change plan settings</strong> next to your active power plan, then select <strong>Change advanced power settings</strong>. Then expand the <strong>sleep</strong> node, followed by the  <strong>Hibernate after</strong> node. There is a setting for both <strong>on battery</strong> and <strong>plugged in</strong>.</p>\n\n<p>If you want Ubuntu to Hibernate if it has been on a Suspend for a while (and therefore show grub on boot), please check <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/12383/how-to-go-automatically-from-suspend-into-hibernate\"><strong>this thread.</strong></a></p>\n\n<p>NOTE: Usually a system takes longer to resume from Hibernate than from Suspend.</p>\n",
                "author": "Raghd Hamzeh"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Uri Herrera",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/50144/how-to-install-a-lexmark-z600-series-printer",
            "text": "How to install a Lexmark z600 series printer?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Lexmark z600",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=49714&amp;page=70\" rel=\"nofollow\">HOWTO: Lexmark Printers Page 69 post 68 by VietCanada</a> this worked!.</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>install libstdc++5 from synaptic.</li>\n<li>install <a href=\"http://www.4shared.com/file/WizxlgkB/getlibs-all.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">getlibs-all.deb.</a></li>\n<li>install <a href=\"https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HardwareSupportComponentsPrinters/LexmarkPrinters?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=lexmark.z600-0.4.deb\" rel=\"nofollow\">lexmark.z600-0.4.deb.</a></li>\n<li>go to\nSystem/Administration/Printing.</li>\n<li>choose Lexmark z600 printer</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>Only seems to work for 64 bit though, on a 32 bit Ubuntu 11.04 Install, the  package <em>lexmark.z600-0.4.deb</em> can't be installed due to a missing dependency <strong>libcupsys2</strong> which i can't install.</p>\n",
                "author": "Uri Herrera"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Adam Tong",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/721827/cannot-setup-hp-all-in-one-dj3630",
            "text": "Cannot setup HP All in one DJ3630",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "HP All in one DJ3630",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 2
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Under Ubuntu the needed drivers can be downloaded from HPLIP web site.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/hplip/files/hplip/3.15.11/hplip-3.15.11.run/download?use_mirror=ufpr\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://sourceforge.net/projects/hplip/files/hplip/3.15.11/hplip-3.15.11.run/download?use_mirror=ufpr</a></p>\n\n<p>The downloaded files can be installed with sudo command: </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo -i\nsh hplip-3.15.11.run\nhp-setup\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The scanner can be used together with XSane, which can be installed by:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo -i\napt-get update\napt-get install xsane\nhp-scan\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>After placing a sheet of paper on the scan unit and presses the scan button on the printer, a file <code>hpscan001.png</code> is created in the home directory. </p>\n",
                "author": "kyodake"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "GibboK",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/706252/how-to-add-a-network-printer-on-ubuntu-15-10",
            "text": "How to add a network printer on Ubuntu 15.10?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "15.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 8
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I solved the same problem by installing <code>hplip</code> manually. Run:</p>\n\n<pre><code> sudo apt-get install hplip\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>and then run:</p>\n\n<pre><code>hp-setup\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>which will open a GUI where you can search/add your printer.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/gSSpx.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/gSSpx.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></a></p>\n\n<p>You could also directly install the GUI by:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install hplip-gui\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Run it from dash and follow the directions.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/xB92G.png\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/xB92G.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></a></p>\n",
                "author": "Ron"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Rizaldi Maulidia",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/632839/cannot-install-printer-driver-epson-l210",
            "text": "Cannot install printer driver epson l210",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "epson l210",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>This should be fixed by running in terminal</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install -f\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>If you installed drivers from Epson site, they require some other packages to be installed too. But the problem is that 13.10 is not supported any more, and you won't get these packages from repository.</p>\n\n<p>There is a way to connect \"old-releases\" repository, but I suggest upgrading the system to 14.04.</p>\n\n<p>This will be closed as off topic anyway, since the question is about unsupported release.</p>\n",
                "author": "Pilot6"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "user272412",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/481350/how-do-i-install-dell-2150cdn-printer",
            "text": "How do I install Dell 2150cdn printer",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Dell 2150cdn",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>There's a longish article at <a href=\"http://printersquestions.com/How-to-install-Dell-2150cdn-on-Ubuntu.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">How to install Dell 2150cdn on Ubuntu</a>, but it seems more like something written for an internal user at a corporation.  However, they did seem to get your printer running, so there's hope!</p>\n",
                "author": "Charles Green"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Richard Swartz",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/720758/installing-epson-xp-424-wireless-printer",
            "text": "Installing Epson XP-424 wireless printer",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Epson XP-424",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 1
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>There is a specific driver for your printer.  They are available on the <a href=\"https://www.epson.com/cgi-bin/Store/support/supDetail.jsp?oid=266642&amp;infoType=Downloads&amp;platform=OSF_O_LINUX\" rel=\"nofollow\">Epson website</a>  To use them you will need to install a specific package as mentioned in the Epson downloads:</p>\n\n<p><code>sudo apt-get install lsb</code></p>\n\n<p>The specific package that you need to download depends on your version of Ubuntu. If you are running a 32 bit Ubuntu, download <code>epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.2-1lsb3.2_i386.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>And if you are running 64 bit Ubuntu, download <code>epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.2-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>These files can be opened using the Ubuntu Software Center by double-clicking on them, or installed from the command line by the command</p>\n\n<p><code>sudo dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.2-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb</code></p>\n",
                "author": "Charles Green"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Vladimir Vargas",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/854100/installing-epson-l355-on-ubuntu-14-04",
            "text": "Installing EPSON L355 on Ubuntu 14.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "EPSON L355",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 2,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>OP accidentally tried to install 32bit driver, while using a 64bit OS.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/op/stable/debian/dists/lsb3.2/main/binary-i386/epson-inkjet-printer-201207w_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_i386.deb\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">32bit driver</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/op/stable/debian/dists/lsb3.2/main/binary-amd64/epson-inkjet-printer-201207w_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">64bit driver</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>OP installed the 64bit driver, and all was resolved.</p>\n",
                "author": "ThatGuy"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "ok comp",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/24073/how-do-i-install-the-hp-f4280-printer",
            "text": "How do I install the HP F4280 printer?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "HP F4280",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I have an HP F4280 too and it works out of the box with 9.10, 10.04 and 10.10.  Just \"start it up and plug it in\"... prints beautiful and scans great with XSane and SimpleScan. </p>\n",
                "author": "nejode"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "AlexN",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/366298/how-to-install-brother-dcp-8110dn-laser-printer-on-ubuntu",
            "text": "How to Install Brother DCP-8110DN Laser Printer on Ubuntu?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Brother DCP-8110DN",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 3
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I have finally achieved it. This is how I have done it. </p>\n\n<p>With the help of <a href=\"http://www.conocetupc.cl/te-ayudamos-ubuntu-faq/25-sobre-ubuntu/41-instalando-impresora-brother-dcp-j125.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">this page</a>, and with <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/download_prn.html#DCP-8110DN\" rel=\"nofollow\">the official instructions</a>:</p>\n\n<p>This web page takes you to the download page of the drivers and to the instructions.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Brother's cupswrapper <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn1a.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">driver page</a> for my printer </p></li>\n<li><p>Brother's LPR <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn3.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">driver install page</a> for my printer</p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>I am installing this printer on Ubuntu 13.10 just a week after 13.10 was released. \nThe drivers that Ubuntu tries to install by default, from the gutenprint project, fail. So I have to do it manually. Possibly if Ubuntu polishes and fixes the default installation method it may work in the future, as it was working by default in Ubuntu 13.04.</p>\n\n<p>I am connecting to the printer via USB. In a later version of this tutorial I will explain how to connect via LAN. </p>\n\n<p>I download these two files from the mentioned Brother's pages.</p>\n\n<pre><code>dcp8110dnlpr-3.0.0-1.i386.deb \ndcp8110dncupswrapper-3.0.0-1.i386.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>In theory I can choose to install either the CUPS one or the LPR one. But it seems that if you choose to install the CUPS one, you have to install first the LPR one and then the CUPS one. And this is what I am going to describe, how to install both in order to get the CUPS driver to work. I am choosing CUPS as it is a more modern system. </p>\n\n<p>Procedure: </p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p>Install Apparmor utils (with sudo agt-get install apparmor-utils\nor with the Ubuntu software centre)</p>\n\n<p>sudo apt-get install apparmor-utils</p></li>\n<li><p>Let's tell Apparmor (aa) not to complain (aa-complain) about CUPS\n(cupsd package)</p>\n\n<p>sudo aa-complain cupsd</p></li>\n<li><p>Let's create a directory necessary for the installation. But in my\ncase Ubuntu replied that the directory was already present.</p>\n\n<p>sudo mkdir /usr/share/cups/model</p></li>\n<li><p>Let's install the LPR driver (of course you need to navigate with\nthe command line to the folder where you have donwloaded the driver\nfile) (Quick tip: Use \"cd\" to navigate in the command line, example\n\"cd Documents\" to go to a subfolder called Documents inside your\npresent folder, or \"cd ..\" to go to an upper folder)</p>\n\n<p>sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcp8110dnlpr-3.0.0-1.i386.deb</p></li>\n<li><p>Install cupswrapper driver</p>\n\n<p>sudo dpkg -i --force-all dcp8110dncupswrapper-3.0.0-1.i386.deb</p></li>\n<li><p>Check if the LPR driver and cupswrapper driver are installed</p>\n\n<p>dpkg  -l  |  grep  Brother</p></li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>This is the output I get in my computer for this command:</p>\n\n<pre><code>ii  dcp8110dcupswrapper                       3.0.0-1                                 i386         Brother DCP-8110D CUPS wrapper driver\nii  dcp8110dncupswrapper                      3.0.0-1                                 i386         Brother DCP-8110DN CUPS wrapper driver\nii  dcp8110dnlpr                              3.0.0-1                                 i386         Brother DCP-8110DN LPR driver\nii  printer-driver-ptouch                     1.3-6                                   i386         printer driver Brother P-touch label printers\n</code></pre>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p>I am connecting to the printer via USB. Now let's check via the CUPS\ninterface if the printer is present. Let's open a browser and go to:</p>\n\n<p>localhost:631/printers</p></li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>Following the official instructions we should </p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Check if the Device URI of your printer is \"usb://Brother/(your\n  printer's model name)\"</p>\n  \n  <p>If the device URI is different from the example above, please go to\n  \"Modify Printer\" of your printer to select proper device and driver\n  How to do this:  Click on the printer's name; you are sent to another\n  page, that should display the URI in the \"Connexion\" area.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>The output I get from the CUPS interface in my computer is:</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>usb://Brother/DCP-8110DN?serial=E70745A3N358848</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Also as a side note, in my case, the first time I printed a page, a first page was printed saying that I installed the wrong driver, but I know I did everything correctly. Also this page has not appeared again:</p>\n\n<p>In my computer the printing works well. </p>\n\n<h2>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</h2>\n\n<p><strong>Scanning:</strong></p>\n\n<p>We need 2 files, the scanner driver (32bits or 64bits) and an extra file. </p>\n\n<p>Driver file name on July 2014. </p>\n\n<p>32 bits: <code>brscan4-0.4.2-3.i386.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>64 bits: <code>brscan4-0.4.2-3.amd64.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>Extra file name on July 2014:</p>\n\n<pre><code>brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.0-1.all.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>1) Getting the driver file</p>\n\n<p>You need a 32bit or 64bit version of the driver. \nYou can check you Linux version by typing on a terminal <code>uname -a</code></p>\n\n<p>This is the output of <code>uname -a</code> in a 32bits system: (notice i686 and/or i386)</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Linux tommy 2.6.38-8-generic-pae #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11\n  05:17:09 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>This is the output of <code>uname -a</code> in a 64bits system: (notice x86_64)</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Linux webserver 2.6.28-19-server #64-Ubuntu SMP Wed Aug 18 22:43:50\n  UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>After you know if your system is 32bit or 64bit go to your printer's drivers page, accept their EULA, and download your driver. </p>\n\n<p>In July 2014 the driver names are respectively:</p>\n\n<p>32 bits: <code>brscan4-0.4.2-3.i386.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>64 bits: <code>brscan4-0.4.2-3.amd64.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>2) Getting the extra file:</p>\n\n<p>After you have downloaded your driver you will see in that page there is a procedure about how to install the driver, and in the 5th item of the description there is a link that says \"<code>Use your usb-connectrd scanner by a normal user</code>\", click on it, then you will be taken to another page with information about several linux distributions, for Ubuntu 10.10 to 13.10 (valid also for more recent ones, such as the current one now, 14.04) there is a link that says \"<code>1. Click here to download the file.(brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.0-1.all.deb, ver.1.0.0-1, 2KB)</code>\" click on it and get the 'extra' file </p>\n\n<p><code>brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.0-1.all.deb</code></p>\n\n<p>Now we have our two files, our driver file (32 bits or 64 bits) and the 'extra' file. We can now install the drivers.</p>\n\n<p>3) Prerequisite before installing the driver files: We need to be sure our computer has installed the two following files, a) <code>sane-utils</code> b) <code>tcsh</code> </p>\n\n<p>Install them via Ubuntu Software Centre or with the following command in a terminal:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install sane-utils tcsh\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>4) Install the driver with your printer turned on and connected via USB. </p>\n\n<p>Open a terminal and go to the folder where you saved your driver files, and execute:</p>\n\n<p>For the 32bits version:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo dpkg -i --force-all brscan4-0.4.2-3.i386.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>For the 64bits version:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo dpkg -i --force-all brscan4-0.4.2-3.amd64.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>5) Install the extra file so not only the superuser can use the scanner:</p>\n\n<pre><code>dpkg -i brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.0-1.all.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>6) Check if the scanner is installed by typing on a terminal:</p>\n\n<pre><code>dpkg -l | grep Brother\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The output in my computer for this command is: </p>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>dpkg -l | grep Brother </p>\n  \n  <p>ii  brscan4           0.4.2-3                     i386         <strong>Brother Scanner Driver</strong><br>\n  ii  dcp8110dncupswrapper  3.0.0-1                 i386         Brother DCP-8110DN CUPS wrapper driver<br>\n  ii  dcp8110dnlpr 3.0.0-1                          i386         Brother DCP-8110DN LPR driver<br>\n  ii  printer-driver-ptouch 1.3-8                   i386         printer driver Brother P-touch label printers</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Restart the computer and check your scanning. I am using simple scan and it works properly.</p>\n\n<p>Note: Remember to set up your printer via its physical interface, via its cursor rubber buttons and small screen </p>\n\n<p>A) the resolution at which you want your docs to be scanned and </p>\n\n<p>B) the format of the file that will send to your computer: jpg or pdf.</p>\n",
                "author": "AlexN"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Kristofer",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/226332/how-to-install-a-canon-mf8040cn-printer-on-ubuntu-12-04",
            "text": "How to Install a Canon MF8040Cn Printer on Ubuntu 12.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Canon MF8040Cn",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>For 14.04 through 16.04 do the following:</p>\n\n<p>Download the drivers from:\n<a href=\"https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/support/details/printers/black-and-white-laser/mf4770n?tab=drivers#Z7_MQH8HIC0L88RB0AMD0F1Q42K25\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/support/details/printers/black-and-white-laser/mf4770n?tab=drivers#Z7_MQH8HIC0L88RB0AMD0F1Q42K25</a></p>\n\n<p>untar it to a directory.\nfrom that directory (assuming 64-bit, adjust as you need to)</p>\n\n<pre><code>cd ~/Downloads\ngunzip -c Linux_UFRII_PrinterDriver_V320_us_EN.tar.gz | tar xvf -\ncd Linux_UFRII_PrinterDriver_V320_us_EN/64-bit_Driver/Debian/\nsudo apt-get -y install libglade2-0 libc6:i386 lib32z1 libxml2:i386 libjpeg62:i386 libstdc++6:i386\ncd 64-bit_Driver/Debian\nsudo dpkg -i *.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>reboot</p>\n\n<p>run add printer .. should just show up automatically when you click the 'Add' button .. give it a few seconds and the printer chirps then just magically shows up.</p>\n\n<p>EDIT 3/2/15 for Vivid (15.04) (I suspect may need for 14.10 as well on brand new installation):</p>\n\n<p>Added extra software dependencies to the above</p>\n\n<p>EDIT 12/18/15 for 15.10 everything worked using above steps. Also, I didn't have to reboot .. it just worked.</p>\n\n<p>EDIT 2/27/16 (16.04beta) Updated the link to the 3.10 driver (they updated their website). Everything just worked using above, didn't need to reboot.</p>\n",
                "author": "JimB"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Iconoclast",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/691020/how-do-i-install-canon-mf8000c-printer-in-ubuntu-15-10",
            "text": "How Do I Install Canon MF8000C Printer in Ubuntu 15.10?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Canon MF8000C",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "15.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>There is a bug in the latest kernels ( <a href=\"https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-lts-utopic/+bug/1507863\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-lts-utopic/+bug/1507863</a>) that prevents Canon printers from working over a LAN. The symptoms are just what you describe. Try rolling back to an older kernel.</p>\n",
                "author": "Organic Marble"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Suborna Saha",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/856853/how-to-install-canon-lbp330-in-lts-16-04",
            "text": "How to install Canon LBP330 in Lts 16.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Canon LBP330",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "Lts 16.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Try the following:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>sudo add-apt-repository ppa:michael-gruz/canon</li>\n<li>sudo apt-get update</li>\n<li>sudo apt-get install cnijfilter-ip3300series</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>Official <a href=\"http://ubuntuportal.com/2011/12/how-to-install-canon-printer-driver-for-linux-ubuntu.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">page</a></p>\n\n<p>Any difficulties try this question <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/463289/cant-get-my-canon-lbp-printer-to-run-under-ubuntu-14-04\">here</a>. Hope it helps</p>\n",
                "author": "George"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Gabriel Carneiro",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/397916/install-printer-lexmark-x4690-ubuntu-12-04",
            "text": "Install printer Lexmark X4690 (ubuntu 12.04)",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Lexmark X4690",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 2
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>It is working now. See the link:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/130516/how-do-i-install-drivers-for-a-lexmark-x6675-printer\">How do I install drivers for a Lexmark X6675 Printer?</a></p>\n\n<p>or download the file directly:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.mediafire.com/?yowom7gh6vg4fzl\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.mediafire.com/?yowom7gh6vg4fzl</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Gabriel Carneiro"
            },
            "training": false
        },
        {
            "author": "Riccardo Murri",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/4428/how-to-record-my-screen",
            "text": "How to record my screen?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php\">gtk-recordmydesktop</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/gtk-recordmydesktop\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vyWhw.png\" alt=\"install gtk-recordmydesktop\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>Adds an easy to use graphical icon on the GNOME toolbar to make a pleasure use and configure the audio and video capture and screencast application recordMyDesktop. </p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/IkpvS.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<h1><a href=\"http://xvidcap.sourceforge.net/\">xvidcap</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/xvidcap\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vyWhw.png\" alt=\"install xvidcap\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>A screen capture enabling you to capture videos off your X-Window desktop for illustration or documentation purposes. It is intended to be a standards-based alternative to tools like Lotus ScreenCam.</p>\n  \n  <p>Video can be saved in MPEG or AVI files format.</p>\n</blockquote>\n",
                "author": "sagarchalise"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "ssanj",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/1529/how-can-i-highlight-or-annotate-pdfs",
            "text": "How can I highlight or annotate PDFs?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/okular/\">Okular</a> supports PDF annotations.  </p>\n\n<p>To save the highliting/annotations directly in the PDF document, choose \"File\" -> \"Save as...\" and create a new PDF which will contain your edits.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Edit:</strong> <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/inkscape/\">Inkscape</a> supports PDF editing (one page at a time) and most people seem not to be aware of this so I'm adding it to the answer.</p>\n",
                "author": "Li Lo"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "dineshdileep",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/290890/is-it-worth-upgrading-from-12-04-lts-to-13-04",
            "text": "Is it worth upgrading from 12.04 LTS to 13.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "13.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 12,
                    "start": 10
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>You can always download 13.04 iso image and try the live environment and see if you like it. There is no objective answer I suppose. </p>\n\n<p>Of course you should certainly upgrade before the support ends and for 12.04 it means before April 2017. One reason to upgrade would be that as Ubuntu is coming to phones and tablets it must become more resource efficient. As people claim 13.04 delivers notable improvements in that sense. That means, it is likely to do the same tasks faster.</p>\n\n<p>On the other hand, if your not an enthusiast who just enjoys new things and don't care if they don't work then it makes sense to wait before moving to new release. After first few months there is hope that most critical bugs have been revealed and fixed. </p>\n\n<p>I am using 12.04 myself and really wondering whether it is worth the trouble of upgrading to 13.04. Even if you use the release upgrade feature it makes sense to make backups as things might go wrong (as you can read from various questions here) and the whole process takes time and effort. So maybe wait for 14.04 and upgrade next summer. </p>\n\n<p>On the other hand if your current system has any chronic problems you might want to try if those have been fixed in the newer release.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>EDIT: I upgraded to 13.04 and yes it is faster as everybody have been telling me.</p>\n",
                "author": "Tanel Mae"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Richlewis",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/248609/upgrade-to-12-04-64-bit",
            "text": "Upgrade to 12.04 64 bit",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04 64 bit",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 2
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>When you do an upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04 everything was there because the OS was just upgraded. (partitions didn't get formatted) Now however , you are doing a fresh install which means your partition gets formatted. This means your data won't be there after install. (unless you have a seperate /home partition in which case you can select it and choose the option to not format it and then your data will be there).</p>\n\n<p>If you only have 1 partition , or your home folder is on the same partition as / , then you will loose it as / have to be formatted during re-install. So make sure you backup your whole /home folder.</p>\n\n<p>This is the reason why most of us choose to have a separate partition for /home.</p>\n",
                "author": "Mazal"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Steve Lloyd",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/683103/how-to-upgrade-ubuntu-14-04-1-to-14-04-2",
            "text": "How to upgrade Ubuntu 14.04.1 to 14.04.2?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "14.04.1",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04.2",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 14,
                    "start": 10
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>14.04.2 and 14.04.3 are not \"releases\" in terms of \"do-release-upgrade\".</p>\n\n<p>\"Point\" releases accumulate security updates and bug fixes that are added to Ubuntu repositories.</p>\n\n<p>If you install ordinary updates on Ubuntu 14.04, 14.04.1 or 14.04.2, you will get 14.04.3.</p>\n\n<p>So your goal makes no sense.</p>\n\n<p>The only difference of the ISO of the point releases is <a href=\"https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack\" rel=\"nofollow\">HWE Stack</a>. Kernels are updated to another major version and xserver.</p>\n\n<p>If this is your question you can install 3.16 kernel and graphical stack of 14.04.2 by running</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic xserver-xorg-lts-utopic libqt5gui5 libgles1-mesa-lts-utopic libgles2-mesa-lts-utopic libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-utopic:i386 libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-utopic\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The command given in the official wiki <a href=\"https://xpressubuntu.wordpress.com/2015/02/12/how-to-upgrade-to-the-3-16-lts-utopic-kernel-and-graphics-for-ubuntu-14-04/\" rel=\"nofollow\">can brake your system</a> in some cases.</p>\n",
                "author": "Pilot6"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Professor Haseeb",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/690725/upgrading-from-ubuntu-14-04-to-15-04",
            "text": "Upgrading from Ubuntu 14.04 to 15.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "14.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 5,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<ol>\n<li>Please don't upgrade to 15.04 - it will be out of support soon!<br>\n<a href=\"https://releases.ubuntu.com/15.10/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Use this link to 15.10 instead</a>.</li>\n<li>For more information read the release notes for 15.10 <a href=\"https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WilyWerewolf/ReleaseNotes\" rel=\"nofollow\">here</a>.<br>\nThere you'll get all original information!</li>\n</ol>\n",
                "author": "Fabby"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "dinesh agarwal",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/653357/how-to-upgrade-from-ubuntu-15-04-to-15-10",
            "text": "how to upgrade from ubuntu 15.04 to 15.10?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "15.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Please be aware that 15.10 is still in development. Development releases are unstable, and not suited for people who do not want to fix/report/triage bugs. If you want a stable Ubuntu version, stick to the official released versions. For added stability, choose a Ubuntu LTS release.</p>\n\n<p>That said, to upgrade to a development release open your terminal by pressing <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>F2</kbd> and type <code>update-manager -d</code>.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/nNZMU.png\" rel=\"noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/nNZMU.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></a></p>\n\n<p>You can choose to upgrade from this window.</p>\n\n<p>Or, If you prefer to do this from the command-line, </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo do-release-upgrade -d\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Ron"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Mohamed",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/203201/upgrade-12-04-to-12-10-using-startup-disk",
            "text": "Upgrade 12.04 to 12.10 using startup disk",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I solved this by choosing \"Test Ubuntu\" instead of \"Install Ubuntu\", connecting it to the internet then opening \"Install Ubuntu 12.10\". The upgrade option is now working.</p>\n",
                "author": "Mohamed"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Selby Collins",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/153669/how-to-upgrade-from-11-10-to-12-04-when-youve-got-a-problem",
            "text": "How to Upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 when you've got a problem?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "11.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 8
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>It sounds like you aren't using a PAE kernel and your 11.10 is 32-bit.  Is this right?  In order to address all 8GB of RAM you should consider starting over with a 64-bit operating system.</p>\n\n<p>As for the upgrade, you should disable all 3rd party sources, then try to update your system.  Then upgrade.</p>\n",
                "author": "Dean Howell"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "gbl08ma",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/125600/update-11-04-to-12-04-with-livecd",
            "text": "Update 11.04 to 12.04 with LiveCD",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "11.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 3,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The transition between 11.04 to 11.10 was quite dramatic since it involved moving from GTK+2/gnome libraries to GTK+3/gnome libraries.  This is the support route that was well tested.</p>\n\n<p>Similarly well tested is the similar 10.04LTS to 12.04 LTS upgrade.</p>\n\n<p>Moving from 11.04 to 12.04 in one step is not supported and I urge you not to go down this route since you are more likely to break your desktop &amp; installation.</p>\n\n<p>Since you have downloaded 12.04 - I would go for a fresh install.</p>\n\n<p>If you have any files &amp; folders from your 11.04 install, back these up - you can reinstall these later.</p>\n",
                "author": "fossfreedom"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Marc-Antoine Th&#233;berge",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/245238/how-to-upgrade-ubuntu-9-10-to-12-10-via-terminal",
            "text": "How to upgrade Ubuntu 9.10 to 12.10 via terminal?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "9.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 4
                },
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 8
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>An upgrade from Ubuntu 9.10 to 12.10 is too much of an effort. Most of the packages will have been updated/upgraded. Chances of breakage are too much. Please save all the important files/documents and install a fresh copy of Ubuntu 12.10. It would be better to install 12.04 because it has a long term support.</p>\n\n<p>As to the problem of not being able to boot from USB, press ESC or F12 or some such button to get into BIOS. It is shown while booting how to get into BIOS.</p>\n\n<p>Regards</p>\n\n<p>\"Here's how you boot from the stick: after pressing the power button, the F2 key should be pushed a couple of times to get into the eeePC's BIOS menus. The \"quick boot\" under the Boot tab should be disabled. Use F10 to save the setting and then as the Netbook reboots hold down the ESC key.\"</p>\n",
                "author": "shrinivas"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "jsterr",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/22747/how-to-upgrade-from-ubuntu-10-10-to-11-04",
            "text": "How to upgrade from Ubuntu 10.10 to 11.04?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "10.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 5
                },
                {
                    "text": "11.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 11,
                    "start": 9
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Make Update",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Press <code>Alt+F2</code> and type <code>update-manager</code>, this should show the option to upgrade to 11.04.</p>\n\n<p>Through the terminal this can be done using the same command but I am guessing you need use <strong>sudo</strong> to do this.</p>\n",
                "author": "nik90"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "ubuntico",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/674081/no-matter-what-i-do-ubuntu-15-04-does-not-recognize-hp-laserjet-1020",
            "text": "No matter what I do Ubuntu 15.04 does not recognize HP LaserJet 1020",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 6
                },
                {
                    "text": "HP LaserJet 1020",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 14,
                    "start": 12
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>It seems that this URL (<a href=\"https://mark911.wordpress.com/2014/10/31/how-to-install-printer-drivers-for-hp-laserjet-1020-in-ubuntu-14-04-lts-without-needing-access-to-openprinting-org-website/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://mark911.wordpress.com/2014/10/31/how-to-install-printer-drivers-for-hp-laserjet-1020-in-ubuntu-14-04-lts-without-needing-access-to-openprinting-org-website/</a>) solves the issue. The printer return to life and I was able to print test page. </p>\n\n<p>Namely, HPLIP is buggy and we should not use it. Instead we should use CUPS via foo2zjs. </p>\n\n<p>I will give this a good test over the next few days and weeks and will update the answer if this solution is not long term. </p>\n",
                "author": "ubuntico"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "v010dya",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/805139/how-to-setup-hp-printer-scanner-on-ubuntu-16-04",
            "text": "How to setup HP printer/scanner on ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Ok, i have found an answer for my question. So i'm posting it here, in hopes that it will be useful for another person:</p>\n\n<p>For whatever bizaar reason the graphical interface of <code>hp-setup</code> is busted. So one needs to start:</p>\n\n<p>sudo hp-setup -i</p>\n\n<p>The <code>-i</code> key is essential, because without it the setup doesn't proceed either. At this time i still haven't gotten the test page out, but the scanner is working properly, which is what i was needing originally.</p>\n",
                "author": "v010dya"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "BJsgoodlife",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/354621/how-do-i-setup-my-hp-c4140-printer-wirelessly",
            "text": "How do I setup my HP C4140 printer wirelessly?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "HP C4140",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>To upgrade hplib run <code>sudo hp-upgrade</code>.</p>\n\n<p>You can also use <code>sudo hp-setup</code> to install the drivers for a HP printer and to set it up -  this approach is easier when you need to install drivers for a HP printer again in the future.</p>\n",
                "author": "chesedo"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Trevor Zucker",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/328125/how-to-setup-wireless-printing-from-a-printer-connected-via-usb-on-ubuntu-server",
            "text": "How to setup wireless printing from a printer connected via usb on Ubuntu Server 12.10?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "12.10",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 16,
                    "start": 14
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Yes, there are (at least) two possible ways. </p>\n\n<p>The easiest is to simply share your printer via CUPS. To do this, open the printer dialogue (system menu -> printers) and right click on the printer. Make sure that the checkbox \"Share this printer\" is checked. Now you are done on your Linux box. </p>\n\n<p>On how to set up printing to IPP using Windows 7, read this guide:\n<a href=\"https://superuser.com/questions/300986/ipp-printing-from-windows-7-ultimate\">https://superuser.com/questions/300986/ipp-printing-from-windows-7-ultimate</a></p>\n\n<p>Use the generic postscript driver for the printer in Windows, conversion from postscript to the printers native format is done by the printer driver installed on ubuntu.</p>\n\n<p>The second, much more complicated way is to set up <a href=\"https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkPrintingWithUbuntu\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">SAMBA</a> sharing.</p>\n",
                "author": "soulsource"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Elder Geek",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/573839/how-can-i-install-a-pantum-2502w-laser-printer-on-ubuntu",
            "text": "How can I install a Pantum 2502W laser printer on Ubuntu",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Pantum 2502W",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 5
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I found the driver \"Pantum P2200-P2500 Series Linux Driver  ZIP     2014-5-20   1.10\" on the manufacturers page <a href=\"http://global.pantum.com/global/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&amp;view=supportdetails&amp;pid=33&amp;Itemid=108\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">here</a></p>\n\n<p>Downloaded and extracted the contents to my desktop with Archive manager (aka file-roller)</p>\n\n<p>While the archive includes an installation script it fails even after adjusting permissions to make it executable so we navigate to the Resources folder, select the appropriate deb file (in my case i386) </p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/kJec4.png\" alt=\"driver\"></p>\n\n<p>and install it with Software Center acknowledging the warning and continuing to install.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/DSGWh.png\" alt=\"SoftCent\"> </p>\n\n<p>Now open the printers application and choose Add. You should see an option like this: <img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/Hd1sM.png\" alt=\"addingpantum\"></p>\n\n<p>Choose Forward, edit details if necessary, then click print test page</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/eVKhN.png\" alt=\"finishing\"></p>\n\n<p>Congratulations! You've just installed the P2502W laser printer under Ubuntu 14.04</p>\n",
                "author": "Elder Geek"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "BryanR",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/675209/install-canon-mp560-ubuntu-15-04",
            "text": "Install Canon MP560 Ubuntu 15.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Canon MP560",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 2,
                    "start": 1
                },
                {
                    "text": "15.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Ubuntu 15.04 seems to be not supported by this PPA – the latest change  was from 2014-06-23.  </p>\n\n<p>But you can download the matching packages from launchpad and try to install them manually.  </p>\n\n<p>As there seems to be no native 64 bit drivers support, you need to add the 32 bit architecture :  </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386  \nsudo apt-get update\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Download and install the driver for <strong>Canon PIXMA MP560 printer - printing functionality</strong> :  </p>\n\n<pre><code>wget https://launchpad.net/~michael-gruz/+archive/ubuntu/canon-trunk/+files/cnijfilter-common-32_3.90-76~ubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb\nsudo dpkg -i cnijfilter-common-32_3.90-76~ubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb  \n\nwget https://launchpad.net/~michael-gruz/+archive/ubuntu/canon-trunk/+files/cnijfilter-mp560series-32_3.90-76~ubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb\nsudo dpkg -i cnijfilter-mp560series-32_3.90-76~ubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Download and install the driver for <strong>Canon PIXMA MP560 printer - scanning functionality</strong> :</p>\n\n<pre><code>wget https://launchpad.net/~michael-gruz/+archive/ubuntu/canon-trunk/+files/scangearmp-common-32_2.10-33~precise1_amd64.deb  \nsudo dpkg -i scangearmp-common-32_2.10-33~precise1_amd64.deb\n\nwget  https://launchpad.net/~michael-gruz/+archive/ubuntu/canon-trunk/+files/scangearmp-mp560series-32_2.10-33~precise1_amd64.deb\nsudo dpkg -i scangearmp-mp560series-32_2.10-33~precise1_amd64.deb  \n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Alternatively download the original drivers from Canon Asia website and install them manually :  </p>\n\n<p><strong>Canon MP560 series IJ Printer Driver Version 3.20 for Linux (debian package archive)</strong></p>\n\n<p>Download location : <a href=\"http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100236502.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100236502.html</a>  </p>\n\n<p>Extract the archive and install the packages by executing :  </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo dpkg -i cnijfilter-common_3.20-1_i386.deb  \nsudo dpkg -i cnijfilter-mp560series_3.20-1_i386.deb  \n</code></pre>\n\n<p><strong>Canon MP560 series ScanGear MP Version 1.40 for Linux (debian package archive)</strong>  </p>\n\n<p>Download location : <a href=\"http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100237802.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100237802.html</a>  </p>\n\n<p>Extract the archive and install the packages by executing :  </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo dpkg -i scangearmp-common_1.40-1_i386.deb   \nsudo dpkg -i scangearmp-mp560series_1.40-1_i386.deb  \n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Sometimes it even works to select another printer from <strong>Printers</strong> setup in <strong>System Settings</strong>.</p>\n",
                "author": "cl-netbox"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "jim",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/87593/how-to-install-a-brother-mfc-5890cn-network-printer",
            "text": "How to install a Brother MFC-5890CN network printer?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Brother MFC-5890CN",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 7,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Brother</a> have a fantastic compatibility linux drivers:</p>\n\n<p>you have three ways to install a printer :</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Local Printer</strong></li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>in the principal page you can see a how to :</p>\n\n<p>Instruction</p>\n\n<p>Printer (CUPS) :   <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn1.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Driver Install</a>  |  <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn2.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Print Command</a>  |  <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn5.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">More Information</a>  | </p>\n\n<p>Printer (LPR) :    <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn3.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Driver Install</a>  |  <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn4.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Print Command</a>  |  <a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn6.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">More Information</a>  | </p>\n\n<p>go to this page :</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/download_prn.html#MFC-5890CN\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/download_prn.html#MFC-5890CN</a></p>\n\n<p>download LPR and cupswrapper driver all available in .DEB format and install it, follow the brother instruction..</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Setup a Standalone Network Printer or\nSetup a Shared Windows Printer</strong></li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>Follow this <a href=\"http://www.liberiangeek.net/2011/10/first-30-days-with-ubuntu-11-10-oneiric-ocelotday-four/\" rel=\"nofollow\">guide</a></p>\n",
                "author": "hhlp"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "th3pr0ph3t",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/154737/how-do-i-install-drivers-for-a-konica-minolta-200",
            "text": "How do I install drivers for a Konica Minolta 200?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Konica Minolta 200",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 9,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I asked Konica Minolta Tech support (in spanish) about this and they answered me with this:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dropbox.com/s/fticrycjyxlp8n2/423_Series_Linux_v10000.zip\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.dropbox.com/s/fticrycjyxlp8n2/423_Series_Linux_v10000.zip</a></p>\n\n<p>The ppd file I must specify is KO423SX.ppd</p>\n\n<p>To install, add a printer the specify an uri such as lpd://192.168.1.40/print (replacing 192.168.1.40 with your printer's ip address).\nThen specify the KO423SX.ppd file as the ppd file.</p>\n\n<p>Adjust settings and print. In my case it claims there's no paper in the printer but still prints correctly.</p>\n",
                "author": "th3pr0ph3t"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Milad Sobhkhiz",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/173206/how-do-i-install-drivers-for-the-panasonic-mb1900cx-all-in-one-printer-scanner",
            "text": "How do I install drivers for the Panasonic MB1900CX All-in-One Printer/Scanner?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Panasonic MB1900CX",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 8,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h3>1. Installing the 64-bit printer driver:</h3>\n\n<p>You can download it from <a href=\"http://panasonic.net/pcc/support/fax/common/table/linuxdriver.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">the Panasonic webpage</a> you linked. Here's how to install the 64-bit driver:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Open a terminal with <code>Ctrl+Alt+T</code>, and type/paste the following line-by-line:</p>\n\n<pre>\nwget -O- http://cs.psn-web.net/support/fax/common/file/Linux_PrnDriver/Driver_Install_files/mccgdi-2.0.3-x86_64.tar.gz | tar -xz\ncd mccgdi-2.0.3-x86_64\nsudo ./install-driver\n</pre></li>\n<li><p>You should see output like the below, after which the driver will be installed. Once it's working, you can renmove the <code>mccgdi...</code> folder from Nautilus.</p>\n\n<pre>\nstart  install......\nstart install files......\nrestart spooler - CUPS<br>\nRather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8)\nutility, e.g. service cups restart<br>\nSince the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an\nUpstart job, you may also use the stop(8) and then start(8) utilities,\ne.g. stop cups ; start cups. The restart(8) utility is also available.\ncups stop/waiting\ncups start/running, process 2824<br>\ninstall driver completed<br>\nplease use \"system-config-printer\" or \"lpadmin\" to add printer\n</pre></li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3>2. Installing the 32-bit scanner driver on 64-bit Ubuntu</h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li>There is no guarantee this will actually work, since I don't have a MB1900CX to test it...</li>\n<li><p>You have already installed <code>ia32-libs</code> so you shouldn't need the following, but if <code>dpkg</code> complains trying to install the scanner drivers, you should do the following in a terminal:</p>\n\n<pre>sudo apt-get install gcc-4.6-base:i386 libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libusb-0.1-4:i386</pre></li>\n<li><p>Download the 32-bit Panasonic <em>libsane</em> driver with:</p>\n\n<pre>wget http://cs.psn-web.net/support/fax/common/file/Linux_ScanDriver/libsane-panamfs-1.0.0-i386.deb</pre></li>\n<li><p>And install it with:</p>\n\n<pre>sudo dpkg -i libsane-panamfs-1.0.0-i386.deb</pre></li>\n<li><p>If all goes well, you will see output like the below, and your scanner functions should also work:</p>\n\n<pre>Selecting previously unselected package libsane-panamfs:i386.\n(Reading database ... 150731 files and directories currently installed.)\nUnpacking libsane-panamfs:i386 (from libsane-panamfs-1.0.0-i386.deb) ...\nSetting up libsane-panamfs:i386 (1.0.0-2) ...\n</pre></li>\n</ul>\n",
                "author": "izx"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Andy_519",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/487627/how-to-install-canon-lbp2900b-printer-in-14-04-lts-i-tried-the-method-for-lbp2",
            "text": "How To Install Canon LBP2900B printer in 14.04 LTS ? I tried the method for LBP2900 but it didnt work",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Canon LBP2900B",
                    "entity": "Printer",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 3
                },
                {
                    "text": "14.04 LTS",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 10,
                    "start": 7
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Setup Printer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Open printers:</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/AbtzI.png\" alt=\"Openprinters\"></p>\n\n<p>Click Add</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/xPov6.png\" alt=\"Add printer\"></p>\n\n<p>Choose your printer from the list or enter the URI (the list should populate with detected printers  provided you've followed the instructions in the community wiki about setting up CUPS </p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/0IUAA.png\" alt=\"New printer\"></p>\n\n<p>This is what I get as I print over the network:</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/32ZtF.png\" alt=\"pop-printers\"></p>\n\n<p>Next you'll choose the driver to use for me Brother is recommended, yours will be Canon.</p>\n\n<p>If you have a PPD file you can choose it here, if not, try to choose your printer from the database by selecting Canon here</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/baqjv.png\" alt=\"driver\"></p>\n\n<p>If you don't find your model listed here hit the back button and try searching for a driver to download above.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/xoaYP.png\" alt=\"Canon\"></p>\n\n<p>Once you've found your model listed, select it and move forward</p>\n\n<p>You'll be asked to identify your printer here:</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/OYphS.png\" alt=\"identify\"></p>\n\n<p>do so and then click apply. Now print a test page to insure everything is working properly:</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ce8rq.png\" alt=\"test page\"></p>\n\n<p>If it prints congratulations, your done! If not, right click on the printer and insure that Enabled is checked (it should be)</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/frng0.png\" alt=\"enabled\"></p>\n\n<p>If you right click on the printer and choose properties you'll get something like this (your URI and driver will be different):\n<img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/zn09K.png\" alt=\"props\"></p>\n\n<p>You should insure that these settings make sense if you can't print. If you have the wrong driver and everything else is correct you'll usually get something from the printer (garbled output, page feed, etc.)</p>\n",
                "author": "Elder Geek"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Ten-Coin",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/378661/any-command-line-calculator-for-ubuntu",
            "text": "Any command line calculator for Ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h2>Bash Arithmetic</h2>\n\n<p>Another possible solution is to add a simple function for Bash's builtin arithmetic. Put this in your <code>.bashrc</code> file to try:</p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bsh prettyprint-override\"><code>=() {\n    echo \"$(($@))\"\n}\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>So now, you don't even need <code>$((...))</code> anymore, just <code>=</code> which seems natural enough.</p>\n\n<h3>Replacement</h3>\n\n<p>Another thing if you want to be even faster: you can make it replace <code>p</code> with <code>+</code> and <code>x</code> with <code>*</code>. This will work for that:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bsh prettyprint-override\"><code>=() {\n    calc=\"${@//p/+}\"\n    calc=\"${calc//x/*}\"\n    echo \"$(($calc))\"\n}\n\n= 5 x 5  # Returns 25\n= 50p25  # Returns 75\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Now you don't even need <kbd>Shift</kbd> anymore, the only thing is <code>=&nbsp;</code> in front of arithmetic.</p>\n\n<h3>Hexadecimal output</h3>\n\n<p>Output can be displayed in both decimal and hexadecimal, if so desired. (<strong>Note</strong>: using <code>x</code> substitution will conflict with the <code>0x...</code> hex syntax)</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bsh prettyprint-override\"><code>=() {\n    answer=\"$(($@))\"\n    printf '%s' \"$answer\"\n    bc -l &lt;&lt;&lt; \"obase=16;ans=$answer;print \\\" (0x\\\",ans,\\\")\\\\n\\\"\"\n}\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>(uses Bash for arithmetic, but bc for final decimal to hex conversion)</p>\n\n<p>Example: </p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bsh prettyprint-override\"><code>$ = 16 + 0x10\n272 (0x110)\n\n$ = 16**3 + 16**4\n69632 (0x11000)\n</code></pre>\n\n<h2>Using bc</h2>\n\n<p>If you want slightly more advanced calculations, you can pipe it to <code>bc</code> like so:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bsh prettyprint-override\"><code>=() {\n    calc=\"${@//p/+}\"\n    calc=\"${calc//x/*}\"\n    bc -l &lt;&lt;&lt;\"scale=10;$calc\"\n}\n\n= 'sqrt(2)' # Returns 1.4142135623\n= '4*a(1)'  # Returns pi (3.1415926532)\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The functions provided by <code>bc</code> are as follows (and can be found from <code>man bc</code>):</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-none prettyprint-override\"><code>sqrt ( expression )\n       The value of the sqrt function is the square root of the expression.  \n       If the expression is negative, a run time error is generated.\n\ns (x)  The sine of x, x is in radians.\n\nc (x)  The cosine of x, x is in radians.\n\na (x)  The arctangent of x, arctangent returns radians.\n\nl (x)  The natural logarithm of x.\n\ne (x)  The exponential function of raising e to the value x.\n\nj (n,x)\n       The Bessel function of integer order n of x.\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>It also supports <code>if</code>, <code>for</code>, <code>while</code> and variables like a programming language though if it may be better to write to a file if you wanted that.</p>\n\n<p>Keep in mind that it will substitute <code>p</code> and <code>x</code> in function/variable names. It may be better to just remove the replacements.</p>\n\n<h2>Using gcalccmd</h2>\n\n<p>You can also make the function call <code>gcalccmd</code> (from <code>gnome-calculator</code>) like so:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-bsh prettyprint-override\"><code>=() {\n    calc=\"$@\"\n    # Uncomment the below for (p → +) and (x → *)\n    #calc=\"${calc//p/+}\"\n    #calc=\"${calc//x/*}\"\n    echo -ne \"$calc\\n quit\" | gcalccmd | sed 's:^&gt; ::g'\n}\n\n= 'sqrt(2)' # Returns 1.4142135623\n= '4^4'     # Returns 256\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>The available functions seem to be (taken straight from <a href=\"http://sourcecodebrowser.com/gcalctool/5.29.2/mp-equation_8c.html#a2c1b83394ed2fe6da08e1538b65fd29b\">the source code</a>), <code>==</code> denotes equivalent functions:</p>\n\n<pre class=\"lang-py prettyprint-override\"><code>ln()\nsqrt()\nabs()\nint()\nfrac()\nsin()\ncos()\ntan()\nsin⁻¹() == asin()\ncos⁻¹() == acos()\ntan⁻¹() == atan()\nsinh()\ncosh()\ntanh()\nsinh⁻¹() == asinh()\ncosh⁻¹() == acosh()\ntanh⁻¹() == atanh()\nones()\ntwos()\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "minerz029"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "1kb",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/150100/extracting-embedded-images-from-a-pdf",
            "text": "Extracting embedded images from a PDF",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h3>Use <code>pdfimages</code></h3>\n\n<p><code>pdfimages</code> is a PDF image extractor tool which saves the images in a PDF file to PPM, PBM, JPEG or JPEG 2000 file(s) format.</p>\n\n<p>It's a part of the <code>poppler-utils</code> package, which you'll need to install.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Usage:</strong> <code>pdfimages [options] &lt;PDF-file&gt; &lt;image-root&gt;</code></p>\n\n<p><strong>Example:</strong> The following extracts all images from a PDF file, saving them in JPEG format.</p>\n\n<pre><code>pdfimages -j in.pdf /tmp/out\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Will save images from PDF file <code>in.pdf</code> in files <code>/tmp/out-000.jpg</code> (or <code>/tmp/out-000.pbm</code>; see below), <code>/tmp/out-001.jpg</code>, etc.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>The pdfimages <a href=\"http://linux.die.net/man/1/pdfimages\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">man page</a> explains:</p>\n\n<pre><code>-j:  Normally, all images are written as PBM (for monochrome images) or PPM for\n     non-monochrome images) files. With this option,  images in DCT format are\n     saved as JPEG files. All non-DCT images are saved in PBM/PPM format as usual.\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "pl1nk"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Jiew Meng",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/56022/what-to-use-to-quickly-cut-audio-video",
            "text": "What to use to quickly cut Audio/Video",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<ul>\n<li>Avidemux (From PPA) - <a href=\"http://avidemux.sourceforge.net/\">http://avidemux.sourceforge.net/</a></li>\n<li>OpenShot (From PPA) - <a href=\"https://launchpad.net/openshot/\">https://launchpad.net/openshot/</a> <a href=\"http://www.openshot.org/ppa/\">http://www.openshot.org/ppa/</a></li>\n<li>Pitivi (From PPA) - <a href=\"http://www.pitivi.org/?go=download\">http://www.pitivi.org/?go=download</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>I was going to mention commands like ffmpeg or avconv (The new one) which can OBVIOUSLY split files into groups. For example:</p>\n\n<p><strong>FFMPEG</strong></p>\n\n<pre><code>ffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 00:00:00 -t 00:30:00 output1.avi\nffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 00:30:00 -t 00:30:00 output2.avi  \nffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 01:00:00 -t 00:30:00 output3.avi\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Or</p>\n\n<pre><code>ffmpeg -ss 0 -t 100 -i source.m4v -vcodec copy -acodec copy part1.m4v\nffmpeg -ss 100 -t 100 -i source.m4v -vcodec copy -acodec copy part2.m4v  \nffmpeg -ss 200 -t 100 -i source.m4v -vcodec copy -acodec copy part3.m4v  \nffmpeg -ss 300 -t 100 -i source.m4v -vcodec copy -acodec copy part4.m4v\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><strong>AVCONV</strong></p>\n\n<pre><code>avconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 00:00:00 -t 00:30:00 output1.avi\navconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 00:30:00 -t 00:30:00 output2.avi  \navconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 01:00:00 -t 00:30:00 output3.avi\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Or</p>\n\n<pre><code>avconv -ss 0 -i source.m4v -t 100 -vcodec copy -acodec copy part1.m4v\navconv -ss 100 -i source.m4v -t 100 -vcodec copy -acodec copy part2.m4v\navconv -ss 200 -i source.m4v -t 100 -vcodec copy -acodec copy part3.m4v  \navconv -ss 300 -i source.m4v -t 100 -vcodec copy -acodec copy part4.m4v\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>Or do some script like here: <a href=\"http://icephoenix.us/notes-for-myself/auto-splitting-video-file-in-equal-chunks-with-ffmpeg-and-python/\">http://icephoenix.us/notes-for-myself/auto-splitting-video-file-in-equal-chunks-with-ffmpeg-and-python/</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Luis Alvarado"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Wolfy",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/29872/torrent-client-for-the-command-line",
            "text": "Torrent client for the command-line?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "None",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://deluge-torrent.org\">Deluge</a> is controllable by gui, web, and console.</p>\n\n<p>To setup remote access to a deluge server see the <a href=\"http://dev.deluge-torrent.org/wiki/UserGuide/ThinClient\">thinclient guide</a>.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/deluge-console\"><code>deluge-console</code></a></p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/eDXZh.png\" alt=\"deluge-console\"></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/deluge-gtk\"><code>deluge-gtk</code></a></p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/MzHR8.png\" alt=\"standard deluge gtk ui\"></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/deluge-web\"><code>deluge-web</code></a></p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/JkGAQ.png\" alt=\"deluge web ui\"></p>\n",
                "author": "djeikyb"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "richzilla",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/8155/mysql-gui-tools",
            "text": "MySQL GUI Tools",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "MySQL",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 0,
                    "start": 0
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/mysql-workbench\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">MySQL Workbench <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install mysql-workbench\"></a> is probably the most complete tool, but a bit sluggish according to me.</p>\n\n<p>I prefer \"MySQL Query browser\" and \"MySQL Administrator\". These two can do all basic stuff, and are very user friendly. Sadly, you can't find them in the Ubuntu Software Centre in later versions of Ubuntu any more. This is because <a href=\"http://dev.mysql.com/support/eol-notice.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">these two pieces of software have reached their end-of-life</a>, and are no longer supported.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/ssWdU.png\" alt=\"Screeshot\"></p>\n",
                "author": "W. Goeman"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "TheXed",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/10998/what-developer-text-editors-are-available-for-ubuntu",
            "text": "What developer text editors are available for Ubuntu?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://www.geany.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Geany</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/geany\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"alt text\"></a></h1>\n\n<p>Geany is a lightweight IDE that supports python.</p>\n\n<p>Some features that I have found particularly useful include:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Syntax highlighting</li>\n<li>Automatic indenting - especially useful for python</li>\n<li>Code folding, allowing you to hide parts of your code</li>\n<li>Inbuilt syntax checking and execution</li>\n<li>Symbol browser</li>\n<li>Embedded terminal</li>\n<li>Find and replace with regexp support</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/p0Dc5.png\" alt=\"alt text\"></p>\n",
                "author": "dv3500ea"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "RunningUtes",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/6558/what-screenshot-tools-are-available",
            "text": "What screenshot tools are available?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I am using <a href=\"http://shutter-project.org/\"><strong>Shutter</strong></a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/shutter\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/oRhB2.png\" alt=\"Download Shutter\"></a>.</p>\n\n<p>If you don't find it, you can check the <a href=\"http://shutter-project.org/faq-help/ppa-installation-guide/\">detailed installation instructions</a> which will give you a PPA for it.</p>\n\n<p>It's a really handy screen capture application with easy to use plug-ins to give a nice touch to your screenshot and as many other to easily share the files.</p>\n\n<p>It offers in-house image editing and special effects (via plug-ins) to enhance the quality of your screenshot. You can access this options via the menu (1), or the toolbar (2).</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/KEoWl.png\" alt=\"alt text\"><br>\n<em>The effects here are all done with Shutter (Plug-in <code>Reflexion</code> and Edit <code>auto-increment shape</code>).</em></p>\n\n<p>And then to publish them, I just right click in Shutter and choose Export (3). Then I publish it via Ubuntu One. I go to the directory where I published the file, right click on it and select <code>Copy Ubuntu One public URL</code>.</p>\n\n<p>Finally here when I comment, I click on <code>img</code> in the small tool bar and select <code>From the web</code> and paste the link that was copied in the previous step.</p>\n\n<p>It's easy and fully integrated.</p>\n\n<p>For those on 10.04, check that you have <a href=\"http://shutter-project.org/downloads/dependencies/\">all shutter dependencies</a>. As you might miss some of the plug-ins. For user on Ubuntu 10.10, this should be fixed.</p>\n",
                "author": "Huygens"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "alxlenc",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/16652/which-programs-can-i-use-to-edit-pdf-files",
            "text": "Which programs can I use to edit PDF files?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>For PDF editing I have used a PDF Annotator <a href=\"https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/flpsed\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">flpsed</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/flpsed\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install flpsed\"></a>\n. You are able to save edited files in postscript format or in PDF.</p>\n",
                "author": "Vincenzo"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Justinas Dūdėnas",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/97695/is-there-a-lightweight-tool-to-crop-images-quickly",
            "text": "Is there a lightweight tool to crop images quickly?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/oneiric/gthumb/\" rel=\"noreferrer\">Gthumb</a> is a nice image viewing/editing tool with simple editing tools like cropping.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Instructions for cropping in gThumb 3.2.8</strong></p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Open your image in gThumb</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vHLG6.jpg\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Open the Edit sidebar by pressing e or clicking on the easel in the top-right corner of the window</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vIerO.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>In the sidebar click on Crop and then crop the image as you desire</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/cMWVM.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Once finished press Enter or Crop. Then, in the Edit sidebar press Save to overwrite the original file or Save As to save to a new image file.</li>\n</ol>\n",
                "author": "duffydack"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "myusuf3",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/8015/what-irc-clients-are-available",
            "text": "What IRC clients are available?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "IRC",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 1,
                    "start": 1
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://xchat.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">XChat</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/xchat\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/v8Hw5.png\" alt=\"Install Xchat\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>XChat is a graphical IRC Client with a\n  GTK+ GUI. It has a look and feel\n  similar to AmIRC for the Amiga.\n  Special features include the mIRC\n  extension DCC RESUME and mIRC color,\n  multiple server/channel windows,\n  dialog windows, and a plugin API.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>It does pretty much everything you could want an IRC client to do.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/e5msZ.png\" alt=\"xchat\"></p>\n",
                "author": "dv3500ea"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Oli",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/28738/what-new-games-are-available-for-ubuntu-in-2011",
            "text": "What new games are available for Ubuntu in 2011?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://oilrush-game.com/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Oil Rush</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/oilrush\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vyWhw.png\" alt=\"(Software Center)\"></a> <a href=\"http://www.desura.com/games/oil-rush/play\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/G1WjO.png\" alt=\"(Desura)\"></a></h1>\n\n<h3>Proprietary, beta preorder for $19.95</h3>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>OilRush is a real-time strategy game based on group control. It offers mechanics of a classical RTS combined with a Tower Wars genre: control the upgrade of production platforms as well as their defence forces, and send battle groups of naval and air units to capture enemy platforms and oil rigs.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/OjR9E.jpg\" alt=\"Oil Rush\"></p>\n\n<p>Phoronix have been harking on about this for months like they're getting a dollar every time they mention it (they probably are), but it does look like a genuinely pretty game. It's made by Unigine, a company that sells a closed source graphics engine and hardware benchmarks based around the tech-demos they've made with it.</p>\n\n<p>This could be good.</p>\n",
                "author": "Oli"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "imbaer",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/88754/upnp-dlna-client-player-recommendations",
            "text": "UPNP / DLNA (client) player recommendations?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Recently VLC Version 2.0 was released. This Release features a fully functional UPNP / DLNA Player that works without bugs. I'm using it on Ubuntu and Archlinux and it works just fine with my minidlna player.</p>\n\n<p>To use VLC start the Playlist (<code>View</code> -> <code>Playlist</code>; <code>Ctrl + L</code>) and then select <code>Local Network</code> -> <code>Universal Plug 'n' Play</code>. However, be advised that VLCs implementation first downloads all the library information before you can select anything. Depending on the size of the library that actually might take several minutes and longer.</p>\n",
                "author": "imbaer"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Helix",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/642/what-scientific-plotting-software-is-available",
            "text": "What scientific plotting software is available?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I am a Physics student and found that the best scientific plotting software for Ubuntu is QtiPlot. It is very similar to Origin, and works really well.</p>\n",
                "author": "nicocarbone"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "myusuf3",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/25090/can-you-recommend-a-password-generator",
            "text": "Can you recommend a password generator?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/pwgen\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">pwgen <img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-small\" alt=\"Install pwgen\"></a>  generates random, meaningless but pronounceable passwords. These passwords contain either only lowercase letters, or upper and lower case mixed, or digits thrown in. Uppercase letters and digits are placed in a way that eases remembering their position when memorizing only the word. .</p>\n\n<p>Install <a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/pwgen\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">pwgen </a> with the button below:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/pwgen\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-banner\" alt=\"Install via the software center\"></a></p>\n\n<p>e.g.</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install pwgen\npwgen\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Mikel"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Olivier Lalonde",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/9107/what-tools-do-you-use-to-monitor-a-web-server",
            "text": "What tools do you use to monitor a web server?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"http://www.nagios.org/\">Nagios</a> is my favorite tool for monitoring. It can monitor web servers,services,hosts and so on. It is highly customizable and there are lot plugins available for various purpose. </p>\n\n<p>Some features of nagios:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Monitor network services (SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, PING, etc.)\n<li>Monitor host resources (processor load, disk usage, etc.)\n<li>Allow for simple plugin design\n<li>Do parallelized service checks\n<li>Define a network host hierarchy using\n<li>Contact administrators when service or host problems occur\n<li>Define event handlers to be run during service or host events for proactive problem resolution\n<li> Automated log file rotation\n<li>Support the implementation of redundant monitoring hosts\n<li>Offer an optional web interface for viewing current network status, notification and problem history, log file, etc\n</ul>\n\n<p>Here is an online demo: <a href=\"http://nagioscore.demos.nagios.com/\">http://nagioscore.demos.nagios.com/</a></p>\n",
                "author": "aneeshep"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Eyal",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/196136/what-is-a-good-mongodb-gui-client",
            "text": "What is a good MongoDB GUI client?",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "MongoDB",
                    "entity": "SoftwareName",
                    "stop": 4,
                    "start": 4
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>One thing I know of (but don't like the interface very much) is <a href=\"http://edgytech.com/umongo/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">UMongo</a>, which is a desktop, not browser-based application. Here's a screenshot:</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/PbowF.png\" alt=\"a screenshot of UMongo\"></p>\n\n<p>So far I've been using <a href=\"http://www.jumperz.net/index.php?i=2&amp;a=0&amp;b=9\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">MonjaDB</a> - it's an Eclipse plug-in, and Eclipse is my IDE anyway. I like it; it seems to have all the features I used to use in <a href=\"http://rockmongo.com/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">RockMongo</a>.</p>\n\n<p>Here's a screenshot from MonjaDB (there are more on his website, as well as some instructions):</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/gA3fp.png\" alt=\"a screenshot of MonjaDB\"></p>\n\n<p>To install it, you obviously need Eclipse (which you can get from the Ubuntu repositories). Once you've done that you need to go to the Help-> Install New Software... and then add <a href=\"http://www.jumperz.net/update/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">this update site</a>. Although I like it, I don't think many people will switch IDE's just for a GUI for Mongo (although I could be mistaken).</p>\n\n<p>Both UMongo and MonjaDB have their source code is on GitHub. </p>\n",
                "author": "Eyal"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Achu",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/30907/password-management-applications",
            "text": "Password Management Applications?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://www.keepassx.org/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><strong>KeePassX</strong></a> <a href=\"http://apt.marcoceppi.com/p/keepassx\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/vyWhw.png\" alt=\"install\"></a></h1>\n\n<blockquote>\n  <p>KeePassX is a free/open-source password manager or safe which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. You can put all your passwords in one database, which is locked with one master key or a key-disk. So you only have to remember one single master password or insert the key-disk to unlock the whole database. The databases are encrypted using the algorithms AES or Twofish.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/8EiLZ.png\" alt=\"Screenshot\"></p>\n",
                "author": "Alaukik"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "ksimon",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/26492/is-there-an-application-for-reading-mobi-files",
            "text": "Is there an application for reading mobi files?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Software Recommendation",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h1><a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/calibre\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">calibre</a> <a href=\"http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/calibre\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-large\" alt=\"Install calibre\"></a><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/calibre\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img src=\"https://hostmar.co/software-banner\" alt=\"Install via the software center\"></a></h1>\n\n<p><strong>Overview</strong></p>\n\n<p>calibre is a free and open source e-book library management application developed by users of e-books for users of e-books.</p>\n\n<p>Calibre is primarily a ebook cataloging program. It manages your ebook collection for you. It is designed around the concept of the logical book, i.e. a single entry in the database that may correspond to ebooks in several formats. It also upports conversion from a dozen different ebook formats to LRF and EPUB. A graphical interface to the conversion software can be accessed easily by just clicking the \"Convert E-books\" button.</p>\n\n<p>Supported input formats are: MOBI, AZW, LIT, PRC, EPUB, ODT, HTML, CBR, CBZ, RTF, TXT, PDF and LRS. </p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><strong>Starting calibre's ebook viewer as a standalone application</strong></p>\n\n<p>In certain cases you will not want to add an epub or mobi file to calibre's library before reading it. Luckily calibre's ebook viewer can be started independently via <code>ebook-viewer</code>. This makes it possible to create a standalone launcher:</p>\n\n<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open\n[Desktop Entry]\nVersion=1.0\nType=Application\nTerminal=false\nIcon=calibre\nExec=ebook-viewer %f\nName=Ebook Viewer\nComment=Display .epub files and other e-reader formats\nStartupWMClass=ebook-viewer\nMimeType=application/x-mobipocket-ebook;application/epub+zip;\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>See <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/13758/how-can-i-edit-create-new-launcher-items-in-unity-by-hand\">here</a> for more information on adding launchers to your system.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><strong>To click an ebook and open in ebook-viewer</strong>, make this application (<code>usr/bin/ebook-viewer</code>) the default for that type of file. </p>\n",
                "author": "hhlp"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "rubo77",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/425813/shut-down-without-extra-question",
            "text": "shut down without extra question",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Open a terminal and run <code>gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session suppress-logout-restart-shutdown true</code>. This will disable the dialog.</p>\n",
                "author": "Donarsson"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Joshua Fox",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/343733/how-to-shutdown-computer-when-users-are-logged-on",
            "text": "How to shutdown computer when users are logged on?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Open a terminal (<kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>alt</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd>) or use a TTY (<kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>alt</kbd> + <kbd>F1.</kbd>) Then you have to login using administrative account or root.</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -P now\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "user80551"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Richard Rodriguez",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/73696/what-is-the-proper-terminal-way-to-shutdown",
            "text": "What is the proper terminal-way to shutdown?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>From the MAN PAGES:</p>\n\n<p><strong>Shutdown</strong> - \"shutdown arranges for the system to be brought down in a safe way.  All\n       logged-in users are notified that the system is going down and,  within\n       the last five minutes of TIME, new logins are prevented.\" Time mentioned here is an amount specify by the user that is shutting down.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Halt</strong> - \"These programs allow a system administrator to reboot, halt or poweroff\n       the system.\"</p>\n\n<p>The difference is that Halt can be more \"aggressive\" when shutting down than Shutdown itself. It has parameters than can literally force the system to shutdown without regarding services or opened programs. If you run halt without any parameters it will simply execute the shutdown command. Something like an alias. If you run it for example with the parameter <code>--force</code> it will \"force\" the system into a reboot really fast.</p>\n\n<p>In the case of halt or shutdown, they will wait for all processes to finish correctly before turning the PC off or rebooting. If a service or app does not close or does not close properly you will see what you mention there (The ubuntu logo with the dots).</p>\n\n<p>The proper way in the terminal for a single user or multi user is shutdown. But if the shutdown is not working verify what services you have running and which one is causing the slowness or freezing of the shutdown.</p>\n\n<p>With that in mind, there are several ways to reboot or shutdown the system:</p>\n\n<p><strong>Rebooting</strong> - <code>shutdown -r</code>, <code>reboot</code></p>\n\n<p>In this case, reboot is simply calling <code>shutdown -r</code>.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Shutting Down</strong> - <code>halt</code>, <code>shutdown</code>, <code>sudo init 0</code>, <code>shutdown -h now</code>, <code>poweroff</code></p>\n\n<p>In this case, <code>poweroff</code> is the same as calling <code>shutdown -P</code></p>\n\n<p>As you have noticed, The <code>shutdown</code> command can do a lot of stuff, here is a small list of it:</p>\n\n<pre><code>-r  Requests that the system be rebooted after it has been brought down\n-h  Requests that the system be either halted or powered off after it has been brought down, with the choice as to which left up to the system\n-H  Requests that the system be halted after it has been brought down\n-P  Requests that the system be powered off after it has been brought down\n-c  Cancels a running shutdown. TIME is not specified with this option, the first argument is MESSAGE\n-k  Only send out the warning messages and disable logins, do not actually bring the system down\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>As does the <code>reboot</code> </p>\n\n<pre><code>-f, --force                 force reboot or halt, don't call shutdown(8)\n-p, --poweroff              switch off the power when called as halt\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>There is however a difference between shutdown down through the terminal and clicking on the Shutdown option in Unity. The latter will ask the user for interaction with any unsaved work (like libreoffice, inkscape...). the former will simply send a signal to all processes telling them to close. No user interaction will be needed so any unsaved work will be gone.</p>\n",
                "author": "Luis Alvarado"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "NES",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/19774/how-can-i-automatically-shutdown-the-system-after-a-specific-time",
            "text": "How can I automatically shutdown the system after a specific time?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Open a terminal window and type in:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -h +60\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>and just replace 60 with whatever number of minutes you want to take.</p>\n\n<p>More info here:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-473173.html\">http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-473173.html</a>\n<a href=\"http://www.linux.org/lessons/beginner/l5/lesson5a.html\">http://www.linux.org/lessons/beginner/l5/lesson5a.html</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Daniel"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Skizz",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/22000/hotkey-to-shut-down-from-login-screen",
            "text": "Hotkey to shut down from login screen?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>It appears to be a missing feature. :-(</p>\n\n<p>There is a bug filed for this issue: <a href=\"https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gdm/+bug/505323\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">#505323, GDM's settings bar inaccessible with keyboard</a></p>\n\n<p>See <a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/20119/how-do-i-subscribe-to-a-bug\">How do I subscribe to a bug</a> for instruction on how to follow the progress of this bug. If you are already logged in to launchpad and ready to go, click \"This bug affects me\".</p>\n\n<p>If you really need it, you can use a different display manager, <a href=\"http://packages.ubuntu.com/kdm\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">kdm</a> for the moment. Note that it has a big bundle of dependencies. You can also go ahead and ask a question here on how to set a keyboard shortcut that doesn't depend on gnome running. </p>\n\n<p>There <em>is</em> a keyboard shortcut to shut down your system that is available all of the time, but it's rather tedious and complicated:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p><kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>SysRq</kbd>+(<kbd>R</kbd>, <kbd>E</kbd>, <kbd>I</kbd>, <kbd>S</kbd>, <kbd>U</kbd>, <kbd>O</kbd>).</p>\n\n<p>That is, hold down alt and sysrq, then type <code>REISUO</code>, or <code>REISUB</code> to reboot. The SysRq key is the Print Screen key on most keyboards (on some laptops, it's Fn +Print, or Alt+Fn+Print)</p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>It's not a completely clean shutdown either (although it's good enough). I'm sorry to say I think that's as good as it gets at the moment.</p>\n",
                "author": "Stefano Palazzo"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "ulrich",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/586625/how-to-shutdown-the-computer-after-xsession-ends",
            "text": "How to shutdown the computer after Xsession ends?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>The syntax for <a href=\"http://manpages.ubuntu.com/shutdown\" rel=\"nofollow\"><code>shutdown</code></a> from command line is</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -P now ## for system POWEROFF\nsudo shutdown -h now ## for system HALT or POWEROFF\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>If that did not work we can also perform a forced poweroff</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo poweroff --force\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>In case we start the script from a user session (as was the case in a custom session) we can either allow users to shutdown without root privileges (don't use <code>sudo</code> in your script then!) or follow answers to below questions to shutdown without root privileges from a user session:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/168879/shutdown-from-terminal-without-entering-password\">Shutdown from terminal without entering password?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://askubuntu.com/questions/1190/how-can-i-make-shutdown-not-require-admin-password\">How can I make shutdown not require admin password?</a></li>\n</ul>\n",
                "author": "Takkat"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Quantopic",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/563251/how-can-one-shutdown-a-pc-using-the-keyboard",
            "text": "How can one shutdown a PC using the keyboard?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>you can do </p>\n\n<pre><code>&gt; sudo init 0\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to shutdown your computer from the terminal or </p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -r now \n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to reboot it. Besides you can do <code>man shutdown</code> which will give you more detailed information about the shutdown command.</p>\n",
                "author": "rulebreaker4"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Araujo1914",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/752385/how-can-i-enable-shutdown-verbosity",
            "text": "How can I enable shutdown verbosity?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Some boot-up and shutdown configurations were scrambled during one installation which was set to install recovery options on additional software among others installations tryouts.</p>\n\n<p>Those unwanted software part was installed on /lib/recovery-mode/recovery-menu directory at / (root partition). This was causing recovery booting option to open a pink/purple recovery menu, with some non-working functions.</p>\n\n<p>And, i think, it was somehow causing the non-verbosity on shutdown process despite enabling it on /etc/default/grub.</p>\n\n<p>Afterall, the additional software menu looks to have several non-working options and i think some of them should be removed or fixed.</p>\n",
                "author": "Araujo1914"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "kernel_panic",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/91501/are-there-any-keyboard-shortcuts-to-shutdown",
            "text": "Are there any Keyboard Shortcuts to Shutdown?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>No, but assuming you're using 11.10, one can easily be added by going to:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>System Settings</li>\n<li>Keyboard</li>\n<li>Shortcuts tab</li>\n<li>Custom Shortcuts</li>\n<li>Then the little <kbd>+</kbd> icon.</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>You can give it the name \"Shutdown\", and the command.  Try the command below:</p>\n\n<pre><code>gnome-session-quit --power-off --force\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>, then apply whatever keyboard shortcut you want to it.</p>\n",
                "author": "Thomas Boxley"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "TechJhola",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/505929/shutdown-after-a-certain-time",
            "text": "Shutdown after a certain time",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<h2>Scheduling a shutdown</h2>\n\n<p>To shutdown run the command:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -P +60\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>That will wait 60 mins before starting the shutdown sequence.</p>\n\n<p>You could do:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -P 1:00\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to shutdown at 1 AM and</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -P now\n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to shutdown now.</p>\n\n<p>A message is broadcast to all terminals to warn about the shutdown.</p>\n\n<h2>Cancel a pending shutdown</h2>\n\n<p>After, starting a shutdown, if the time argument is <strong>not</strong> \"+0\" or \"now\", you can use:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo shutdown -c \n</code></pre>\n\n<p>to cancel the scheduled shutdown.</p>\n",
                "author": "Tim"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Mayank Sharma",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/890481/shutdown-problem-in-ubuntu-16-04",
            "text": "Shutdown problem in Ubuntu 16.04",
            "entities": [
                {
                    "text": "Ubuntu 16.04",
                    "entity": "UbuntuVersion",
                    "stop": 6,
                    "start": 3
                }
            ],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>Reason can be anything, but try running this command to shutdown:</p>\n\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl poweroff\n</code></pre>\n",
                "author": "Arijit Chatterjee"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "H2ONaCl",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/61525/how-do-i-fix-a-shutdown-problem",
            "text": "How do I fix a shutdown problem?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p>I reinstalled and that resolved the problem.</p>\n",
                "author": "H2ONaCl"
            },
            "training": true
        },
        {
            "author": "Madhav Nikam",
            "url": "http://askubuntu.com/questions/640845/what-graphical-utility-can-i-use-for-ubuntu-auto-shutdown",
            "text": "What graphical utility can I use for Ubuntu auto shutdown?",
            "entities": [],
            "intent": "Shutdown Computer",
            "answer": {
                "text": "<p><a href=\"https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/raring/gshutdown/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">GShutdown</a> is a utility which allows you to schedule the shutdown or restart of your computer. With it you can simply and quickly choose the turn off time at either a specific time or after a countdown.</p>\n\n<h3>Install Gshutdown:</h3>\n\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install gshutdown\n</code></pre>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/0nxD5.png\" alt=\"enter image description here\"></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://ubuntuguide.net/gshutdown-gui-tool-for-scheduled-shutdownrestart-in-ubuntu\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">source.</a></p>\n",
                "author": "Maythux"
            },
            "training": true
        }
	]
}