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Bandit Level 0

The goal of this level is for you to log into the game using SSH. The host to which you need to connect is bandit.labs.overthewire.org, on port 2220. The username is bandit0 and the password is bandit0.

Result

$ ssh   bandit0@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220                                                                 255 ⨯
The authenticity of host '[bandit.labs.overthewire.org]:2220 ([176.9.9.172]:2220)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[bandit.labs.overthewire.org]:2220,[176.9.9.172]:2220' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames

bandit0@bandit.labs.overthewire.org's password: 
Linux bandit.otw.local 5.4.8 x86_64 GNU/Linux

      ,----..            ,----,          .---.
     /   /   \         ,/   .`|         /. ./|
    /   .     :      ,`   .'  :     .--'.  ' ;
   .   /   ;.  \   ;    ;     /    /__./ \ : |
  .   ;   /  ` ; .'___,/    ,' .--'.  '   \' .
  ;   |  ; \ ; | |    :     | /___/ \ |    ' '
  |   :  | ; | ' ;    |.';  ; ;   \  \;      :
  .   |  ' ' ' : `----'  |  |  \   ;  `      |
  '   ;  \; /  |     '   :  ;   .   \    .\  ;
   \   \  ',  /      |   |  '    \   \   ' \ |
    ;   :    /       '   :  |     :   '  |--"
     \   \ .'        ;   |.'       \   \ ;
  www. `---` ver     '---' he       '---" ire.org


Welcome to OverTheWire!

If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.

--[ Playing the games ]--

  This machine might hold several wargames.
  If you are playing "somegame", then:

    * USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
    * Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
    * PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.

  Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
  working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/.  You can use the
  command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
  directory in /tmp/.  Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
  so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
  easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!

  Please play nice:

    * don't leave orphan processes running
    * don't leave exploit-files laying around
    * don't annoy other players
    * don't post passwords or spoilers
    * again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
      This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!

--[ Tips ]--

  This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
  by default, although ASLR has been switched off.  The following
  compiler flags might be interesting:

    -m32                    compile for 32bit
    -fno-stack-protector    disable ProPolice
    -Wl,-z,norelro          disable relro

  In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
  executable on ELF binaries.

  Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
  firewall.

--[ Tools ]--

 For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
 in the following locations:

    * gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /usr/local/gef/
    * pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
    * peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
    * gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
    * pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
    * radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
    * checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh

--[ More information ]--

  For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
  http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/

  For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
  irc.overthewire.org #wargames.

  Enjoy your stay!

bandit0@bandit:~$

Bandit Level 1

Level Goal

The password for the next level is stored in a file called readme located in the home directory. Use this password to log into bandit1 using SSH. Whenever you find a password for a level, use SSH (on port 2220) to log into that level and continue the game.

bandit0@bandit:~$ ls
readme
bandit0@bandit:~$ cat readme 
boJ9jbbUNNfktd78OOpsqOltutMc3MY1
  • Login
ssh   bandit1@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220

password: boJ9jbbUNNfktd78OOpsqOltutMc3MY1

Bandit Level 1 → Level 2

Level Goal

The password for the next level is stored in a file called - located in the home directory

Its a dashed filename

bandit1@bandit:~$ cat < -
CV1DtqXWVFXTvM2F0k09SHz0YwRINYA9

Bandit Level 2 → Level 3

Level Goal

The password for the next level is stored in a file called spaces in this filename located in the home directory.

bandit2@bandit:~$ ls
spaces in this filename
bandit2@bandit:~$ cat spaces\ in\ this\ filename 
UmHadQclWmgdLOKQ3YNgjWxGoRMb5luK

Bandit Level 3 → Level 4

Level Goal

The password for the next level is stored in a hidden file in the inhere directory.

bandit3@bandit:~$ ls
inhere
bandit3@bandit:~$ ls -la
total 24
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 May  7  2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 4096 May  7  2020 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  220 May 15  2017 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 3526 May 15  2017 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 May  7  2020 inhere
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  675 May 15  2017 .profile
bandit3@bandit:~$ cd inhere/
bandit3@bandit:~/inhere$ ls
bandit3@bandit:~/inhere$ ls -la
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root    root    4096 May  7  2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root    root    4096 May  7  2020 ..
-rw-r----- 1 bandit4 bandit3   33 May  7  2020 .hidden
bandit3@bandit:~/inhere$ cat .hidden
pIwrPrtPN36QITSp3EQaw936yaFoFgAB

Bandit Level 4 → Level 5

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in the only human-readable file in the inhere directory. Tip: if your terminal is messed up, try the “reset” command.

bandit4@bandit:~/inhere$ for i in {1..9}; do cat <-file0$i; echo "\n";done
��p,k�;��r*��   �.!��C��J       �dx,�\n
e�)�#��5��
          ��p��V�_���ׯ�mm\n
������h!TQO�`�4"aל�߂phT��,�A\n
?�\n�ו$����I&�������c���ގ.�
�r�l$�?h�9('���!y�e�#�x�O��=�\n
ly���~��A�f����-E�{���m�����ܗM\n
koReBOKuIDDepwhWk7jZC0RTdopnAYKh
\n
�T�?�i��j���îP�F�l�n��J����{��@\n
�e�0$�in=��_b�5FA�P7sz��gN\n

Bandit Level 5 → Level 6

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in a file somewhere under the inhere directory and has all of the following properties:

  • human-readable
  • 1033 bytes in size
  • not executable
argument Description
. OR ./ Refer to the Current Working Directory
-type f File is of type : regular file
-readable Matches files which are readable.
-executable Matches files which are executable & directories which are searchable
! -executable Matches files that are NOT executable &directories which are NOT searchable
-size 1033c File uses 1033 units of space. c refer to bytes. 
find ./ -type f -readable ! -executable -size 1033c
bandit5@bandit:~/inhere$ find ./ -type f -readable ! -executable -size 1033c
./maybehere07/.file2
bandit5@bandit:~/inhere/maybehere07$ cat < .file2
DXjZPULLxYr17uwoI01bNLQbtFemEgo7

Bandit Level 6 → Level 7

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored somewhere on the server and has all of the following properties:

  • owned by user bandit7
  • owned by group bandit6
  • 33 bytes in size
bandit6@bandit:~$ find / -user bandit7 -group bandit6 -size 33c 2> /dev/null
/var/lib/dpkg/info/bandit7.password
bandit6@bandit:~$ cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/bandit7.password
HKBPTKQnIay4Fw76bEy8PVxKEDQRKTzs

Bandit Level 7 → Level 8

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt next to the word millionth

bandit7@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | grep "millionth"
millionth       cvX2JJa4CFALtqS87jk27qwqGhBM9plV

Bandit Level 8 → Level 9

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt and is the only line of text that occurs only once

bandit8@bandit:~$ sort data.txt | uniq -u
UsvVyFSfZZWbi6wgC7dAFyFuR6jQQUhR

Bandit Level 9 → Level 10

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt in one of the few human-readable strings, preceded by several ‘=’ characters.

data.txt is binary not ascii file

bandit9@bandit:~$ strings data.txt  | grep -E  "=+"
========== the*2i"4
=:G e
========== password
<I=zsGi
Z)========== is
A=|t&E
Zdb=
c^ LAh=3G
*SF=s
&========== truKLdjsbJ5g7yyJ2X2R0o3a5HQJFuLk
S=A.H&^

Bandit Level 10 → Level 11

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, which contains base64 encoded data

bandit10@bandit:~$ cat data.txt 
VGhlIHBhc3N3b3JkIGlzIElGdWt3S0dzRlc4TU9xM0lSRnFyeEUxaHhUTkViVVBSCg==
bandit10@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | base64 -d
The password is IFukwKGsFW8MOq3IRFqrxE1hxTNEbUPR

Bandit Level 11 → Level 12

Level Goal The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, where all lowercase (a-z) and uppercase (A-Z) letters have been rotated by 13 positions

bandit11@bandit:~$ cat data.txt 
Gur cnffjbeq vf 5Gr8L4qetPEsPk8htqjhRK8XSP6x2RHh
bandit11@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | tr "A-Za-z" "N-ZA-Mn-za-m"
The password is 5Te8Y4drgCRfCx8ugdwuEX8KFC6k2EUu

tr translates

bandit11@bandit:~$ tr --help
Usage: tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.
bandit12@bandit:~$ ls
data.txt
bandit12@bandit:~$ xxd -r data.txt 
P�^data2.bin=��BZh91AY&SY�O����ڞOv���}?��}��^����������ߣ��;����▒4��▒h�F�F��4▒LM
                                                                               @��z��FM��C�hF�C@�4@f��h
4hh�▒=C%�>X▒,�k���1��GY��                                                                              ��i�hPh�Mh
�J�쌑Oϊ��{RBp�Qix�Y�Z!d��j�(�搿ݳ��/��A�#�A��F��0P��v��`�"3�

                                          ��d�bX?��z��2��<��A �n}
5(3A��
      wO�R����6�XS{�
���9?L�P�yB��=z�m?�L�Nt*�7{qP���%"�w9�qm4�� N3�6���K��H䋑[��}!
                                                              d��3A4$��M~�\ɠJ�C�kUƦ\���\�FSN��&=�[��q   \)�$:��H�t&/�(����]��BB9<s ��h=bandit12@bandit:~$ 
bandit12@bandit:~$ 
bandit12@bandit:~$ xxd -r data.txt > something
-bash: something: Permission denied
bandit12@bandit:~$ xxd -r data.txt > /tmp/something
bandit12@bandit:~$ file /tmp/something
/tmp/something: gzip compressed data, was "data2.bin", last modified: Thu May  7 18:14:30 2020, max compression, from Unix
bandit12@bandit:~$ mv /tmp/something /tmp/something.gz
bandit12@bandit:~$ gunzip /tmp/something.gz
bandit12@bandit:~$ ls -la /tmp/
ls: cannot open directory '/tmp/': Permission denied
bandit12@bandit:~$ file /tmp/something
/tmp/something: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

password: 8ZjyCRiBWFYkneahHwxCv3wb2a1ORpYL (bandit13)

Bandit Level 13 → Level 14

Level Goal

The password for the next level is stored in /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14 and can only be read by user bandit14. For this level, you don’t get the next password, but you get a private SSH key that can be used to log into the next level. Note: localhost is a hostname that refers to the machine you are working on

bandit13@bandit:~$ ls
sshkey.private
bandit13@bandit:~$ cat sshkey.private 
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
bandit13@bandit:~$
bandit13@bandit:~$ ssh -i sshkey.private bandit14@localhost 
Could not create directory '/home/bandit13/.ssh'.
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:98UL0ZWr85496EtCRkKlo20X3OPnyPSB5tB5RPbhczc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit13/.ssh/known_hosts).
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames

Linux bandit.otw.local 5.4.8 x86_64 GNU/Linux

      ,----..            ,----,          .---.
     /   /   \         ,/   .`|         /. ./|
    /   .     :      ,`   .'  :     .--'.  ' ;
   .   /   ;.  \   ;    ;     /    /__./ \ : |
  .   ;   /  ` ; .'___,/    ,' .--'.  '   \' .
  ;   |  ; \ ; | |    :     | /___/ \ |    ' '
  |   :  | ; | ' ;    |.';  ; ;   \  \;      :
  .   |  ' ' ' : `----'  |  |  \   ;  `      |
  '   ;  \; /  |     '   :  ;   .   \    .\  ;
   \   \  ',  /      |   |  '    \   \   ' \ |
    ;   :    /       '   :  |     :   '  |--"
     \   \ .'        ;   |.'       \   \ ;
  www. `---` ver     '---' he       '---" ire.org


Welcome to OverTheWire!

If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.

--[ Playing the games ]--

  This machine might hold several wargames.
  If you are playing "somegame", then:

    * USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
    * Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
    * PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.

  Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
  working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/.  You can use the
  command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
  directory in /tmp/.  Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
  so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
  easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!

  Please play nice:

    * don't leave orphan processes running
    * don't leave exploit-files laying around
    * don't annoy other players
    * don't post passwords or spoilers
    * again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
      This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!

--[ Tips ]--

  This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
  by default, although ASLR has been switched off.  The following
  compiler flags might be interesting:

    -m32                    compile for 32bit
    -fno-stack-protector    disable ProPolice
    -Wl,-z,norelro          disable relro

  In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
  executable on ELF binaries.

  Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
  firewall.

--[ Tools ]--

 For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
 in the following locations:

    * gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /usr/local/gef/
    * pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
    * peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
    * gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
    * pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
    * radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
    * checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh

--[ More information ]--

  For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
  http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/

  For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
  irc.overthewire.org #wargames.

  Enjoy your stay!

bandit14@bandit:~$

Bandit Level 14 → Level 15

Level Goal

The password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to port 30000 on localhost.

bandit14@bandit:~$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14
4wcYUJFw0k0XLShlDzztnTBHiqxU3b3e
bandit14@bandit:~$ nc localhost 30000
4wcYUJFw0k0XLShlDzztnTBHiqxU3b3e
Correct!
BfMYroe26WYalil77FoDi9qh59eK5xNr
$ ssh bandit15@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames

bandit15@bandit.labs.overthewire.org's password: BfMYroe26WYalil77FoDi9qh59eK5xNr

bandit15@bandit:~$

Bandit Level 15 → Level 16

Level Goal

The password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to port 30001 on localhost using SSL encryption.

Helpful note: Getting “HEARTBEATING” and “Read R BLOCK”? Use -ign_eof and read the “CONNECTED COMMANDS” section in the manpage. Next to ‘R’ and ‘Q’, the ‘B’ command also works in this version of that command…

  • command
openssl s_client -ign_eof -connect localhost:30001

Here s_client implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. For more information use man s_client. s_server on the other hand implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS(analogous to the nc -l <port_number> command)

What ign_eof does is it prevents the server from closing down the connection when the end of file is reached in our input(when we press the enter key after submitting the password).

bandit15@bandit:~$ openssl s_client -ign_eof -connect localhost:30001
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=localhost
   i:/CN=localhost
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/CN=localhost
issuer=/CN=localhost
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1019 bytes and written 269 bytes
Verification error: self signed certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 1024 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID: 4E0BE0735804CE3D774A48FE56D4F1E0D3693626B9DCBB7BDE5D72AC93B39950
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 1B3F48FD133AEA1FAF6B7DEB67B855B3C6EDE92B110F37202055146705C7BD6267F5DD3163F7C00406C654A921434772
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 3a a9 fe 3b 12 a1 ed 2b-8d a6 cf aa 23 c9 12 88   :..;...+....#...
    0010 - e0 26 53 01 d3 87 89 46-71 9d a3 07 2e 6a 07 03   .&S....Fq....j..
    0020 - 78 62 31 ac 3d c7 6a 7b-74 79 38 33 95 2a 8c f1   xb1.=.j{ty83.*..
    0030 - 66 e7 61 e2 77 6c d0 b3-f3 10 93 96 f9 10 5f e0   f.a.wl........_.
    0040 - 36 8e f9 5b 12 82 ae 01-c9 9d 09 34 08 8f 56 d8   6..[.......4..V.
    0050 - a2 c2 ea 40 a4 ab 43 7e-e7 47 c0 36 62 28 12 83   ...@..C~.G.6b(..
    0060 - 7a 51 85 3a 6b 26 ac a0-08 a4 03 41 6e 99 1c 60   zQ.:k&.....An..`
    0070 - 80 1b 87 bb 87 31 c5 26-84 f8 c5 7a 54 96 4b d6   .....1.&...zT.K.
    0080 - 28 47 6b 48 e6 c8 9c 03-ae 69 7c f7 10 4d c6 6e   (GkH.....i|..M.n
    0090 - 09 17 cb a5 4d fb 1a 69-80 9d cd fb f7 68 9a 1b   ....M..i.....h..

    Start Time: 1629992872
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
    Extended master secret: yes
---
BfMYroe26WYalil77FoDi9qh59eK5xNr
Correct!
cluFn7wTiGryunymYOu4RcffSxQluehd

closed

Bandit Level 16 → Level 17

Level Goal

The credentials for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to a port on localhost in the range 31000 to 32000. First find out which of these ports have a server listening on them. Then find out which of those speak SSL and which don’t. There is only 1 server that will give the next credentials, the others will simply send back to you whatever you send to it.

  • Scan the port range
bandit16@bandit:~$ nmap -p 31000-32000 localhost

Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-08-26 21:36 CEST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.00036s latency).
Not shown: 996 closed ports
PORT      STATE SERVICE
31046/tcp open  unknown
31518/tcp open  unknown
31691/tcp open  unknown
31790/tcp open  unknown
31960/tcp open  unknown

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.13 seconds
  • On trying each port found 31960 speaks SSL

output

bandit16@bandit:~$ openssl s_client -connect localhost:31790
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=localhost
   i:/CN=localhost
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/CN=localhost
issuer=/CN=localhost
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1019 bytes and written 269 bytes
Verification error: self signed certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 1024 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID: AAA8D546511574E10D3E690B94D87B3161A533113F95B0391D216311AB4BF70F
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 3AAC63AB25E616066E087226298F23C54507220EF2164F73C2F32D4BE90B68A45F262B5CD59EBEBAAC39DB07365EBA19
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 30 d5 a9 3d 7d a2 f1 16-f5 b3 32 79 c1 92 42 1a   0..=}.....2y..B.
    0010 - ee b6 01 33 bc 9a 3b c9-28 0c 21 5b fb 33 e6 fe   ...3..;.(.![.3..
    0020 - bf ef 1b 5a 57 96 ae a9-a4 c4 5c a6 ab 4f 7e e1   ...ZW.....\..O~.
    0030 - b1 cc 65 71 ab 38 94 6f-ee bf 29 22 61 17 68 0f   ..eq.8.o..)"a.h.
    0040 - b7 16 52 b4 38 ec 14 27-ca dc 24 2f 78 27 8a c5   ..R.8..'..$/x'..
    0050 - 05 b0 f0 b9 c3 d6 39 d8-8a 35 70 27 aa a8 b9 27   ......9..5p'...'
    0060 - 10 75 be 1e c6 5c 15 b6-d6 4a 1d 8b d7 25 b3 f5   .u...\...J...%..
    0070 - ae 9c 68 93 45 68 34 bb-63 60 1f 08 02 e5 2f 7d   ..h.Eh4.c`..../}
    0080 - 8e a1 1a be 9f 83 22 b9-ea 8f 40 c4 a7 e4 fe 87   ......"...@.....
    0090 - ef 3f 37 50 d7 8a 69 18-9c 8b 55 2c c1 ab 7c 96   .?7P..i...U,..|.

    Start Time: 1630006720
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
    Extended master secret: yes
---
cluFn7wTiGryunymYOu4RcffSxQluehd
Correct!
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

closed
  • Logging in with the private key
$ ssh -i id_rsa_bandit_17 bandit17@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames

Linux bandit.otw.local 5.4.8 x86_64 GNU/Linux

      ,----..            ,----,          .---.
     /   /   \         ,/   .`|         /. ./|
    /   .     :      ,`   .'  :     .--'.  ' ;
   .   /   ;.  \   ;    ;     /    /__./ \ : |
  .   ;   /  ` ; .'___,/    ,' .--'.  '   \' .
  ;   |  ; \ ; | |    :     | /___/ \ |    ' '
  |   :  | ; | ' ;    |.';  ; ;   \  \;      :
  .   |  ' ' ' : `----'  |  |  \   ;  `      |
  '   ;  \; /  |     '   :  ;   .   \    .\  ;
   \   \  ',  /      |   |  '    \   \   ' \ |
    ;   :    /       '   :  |     :   '  |--"
     \   \ .'        ;   |.'       \   \ ;
  www. `---` ver     '---' he       '---" ire.org


Welcome to OverTheWire!

If you find any problems, please report them to Steven or morla on
irc.overthewire.org.

--[ Playing the games ]--

  This machine might hold several wargames.
  If you are playing "somegame", then:

    * USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
    * Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
    * PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.

  Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
  working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/.  You can use the
  command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
  directory in /tmp/.  Read-access to both /tmp/ and /proc/ is disabled
  so that users can not snoop on eachother. Files and directories with
  easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted!

  Please play nice:

    * don't leave orphan processes running
    * don't leave exploit-files laying around
    * don't annoy other players
    * don't post passwords or spoilers
    * again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
      This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!

--[ Tips ]--

  This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
  by default, although ASLR has been switched off.  The following
  compiler flags might be interesting:

    -m32                    compile for 32bit
    -fno-stack-protector    disable ProPolice
    -Wl,-z,norelro          disable relro

  In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
  executable on ELF binaries.

  Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
  firewall.

--[ Tools ]--

 For your convenience we have installed a few usefull tools which you can find
 in the following locations:

    * gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /usr/local/gef/
    * pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /usr/local/pwndbg/
    * peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /usr/local/peda/
    * gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /usr/local/gdbinit/
    * pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
    * radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
    * checksec.sh (http://www.trapkit.de/tools/checksec.html) in /usr/local/bin/checksec.sh

--[ More information ]--

  For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
  http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/

  For support, questions or comments, contact us through IRC on
  irc.overthewire.org #wargames.

  Enjoy your stay!

bandit17@bandit:~$

Bandit Level 17 → Level 18

Level Goal

There are 2 files in the homedirectory: passwords.old and passwords.new. The password for the next level is in passwords.new and is the only line that has been changed between passwords.old and passwords.new

NOTE: if you have solved this level and see ‘Byebye!’ when trying to log into bandit18, this is related to the next level, bandit19

$: diff passwords.new passwords.old

Bandit Level 18 → Level 19

Level Goal

The password for the next level is stored in a file readme in the homedirectory. Unfortunately, someone has modified .bashrc to log you out when you log in with SSH.

With option -t in ssh command we can force psuedo-tty allocation.

“Pseudo Terminals” emulates Terminal hardware, handling input and output in the same way a physical device would so that the software connected is not aware there’s not a real device attached.

We have forced a psuedo terminal and we know that password is in the readme file, so we can view password using command.

$ ssh  bandit18@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 cat readme -t                                                                                                                     130 ⨯
This is a OverTheWire game server. More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames

bandit18@bandit.labs.overthewire.org's password: 
IueksS7Ubh8G3DCwVzrTd8rAVOwq3M5x

Bandit Level 19 → Level 20

Level Goal

To gain access to the next level, you should use the setuid binary in the homedirectory. Execute it without arguments to find out how to use it. The password for this level can be found in the usual place (/etc/bandit_pass), after you have used the setuid binary.

bandit19@bandit:~$ ls -la
total 28
drwxr-xr-x  2 root     root     4096 May  7  2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 41 root     root     4096 May  7  2020 ..
-rwsr-x---  1 bandit20 bandit19 7296 May  7  2020 bandit20-do
-rw-r--r--  1 root     root      220 May 15  2017 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 root     root     3526 May 15  2017 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--  1 root     root      675 May 15  2017 .profile
bandit19@bandit:~$ strinsg bandit20-do 
-bash: strinsg: command not found
bandit19@bandit:~$ ./bandit20-do 
Run a command as another user.
  Example: ./bandit20-do id
bandit19@bandit:~$ ./bandit20-do id
uid=11019(bandit19) gid=11019(bandit19) euid=11020(bandit20) groups=11019(bandit19)
bandit19@bandit:~$ ./bandit20-do cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit20
GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j

Bandit Level 20 → Level 21

Level Goal

There is a setuid binary in the homedirectory that does the following: it makes a connection to localhost on the port you specify as a commandline argument. It then reads a line of text from the connection and compares it to the password in the previous level (bandit20). If the password is correct, it will transmit the password for the next level (bandit21).

NOTE: Try connecting to your own network daemon to see if it works as you think

  • on terminal 1
bandit20@bandit:~$ ./suconnect 5555
GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0jRead: GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j
Password matches, sending next password
  • on terminal 2
bandit20@bandit:~$ nc -lvnp 5555
listening on [any] 5555 ...
connect to [127.0.0.1] from (UNKNOWN) [127.0.0.1] 53396
GbKksEFF4yrVs6il55v6gwY5aVje5f0j
gE269g2h3mw3pwgrj0Ha9Uoqen1c9DGr

Bandit Level 21 → Level 22

Level Goal

A program is running automatically at regular intervals from cron, the time-based job scheduler. Look in /etc/cron.d/ for the configuration and see what command is being executed.

bandit21@bandit:~$ cd /etc/cron.d/
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ ls
cronjob_bandit15_root  cronjob_bandit17_root  cronjob_bandit22  cronjob_bandit23  cronjob_bandit24  cronjob_bandit25_root
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ ls -la
total 36
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jul 11  2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 87 root root 4096 May 14  2020 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   62 May 14  2020 cronjob_bandit15_root
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   62 Jul 11  2020 cronjob_bandit17_root
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  120 May  7  2020 cronjob_bandit22
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  122 May  7  2020 cronjob_bandit23
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  120 May 14  2020 cronjob_bandit24
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   62 May 14  2020 cronjob_bandit25_root
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  102 Oct  7  2017 .placeholder
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit22
@reboot bandit22 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit22 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh
#!/bin/bash
chmod 644 /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit22 > /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
Yk7owGAcWjwMVRwrTesJEwB7WVOiILLI

Bandit Level 22 → Level 23

Level Goal

A program is running automatically at regular intervals from cron, the time-based job scheduler. Look in /etc/cron.d/ for the configuration and see what command is being executed.

NOTE: Looking at shell scripts written by other people is a very useful skill. The script for this level is intentionally made easy to read. If you are having problems understanding what it does, try executing it to see the debug information it prints.

bandit22@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit23
@reboot bandit23 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh  &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit23 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh  &> /dev/null
bandit22@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh
#!/bin/bash

myname=$(whoami)
mytarget=$(echo I am user $myname | md5sum | cut -d ' ' -f 1)

echo "Copying passwordfile /etc/bandit_pass/$myname to /tmp/$mytarget"

cat /etc/bandit_pass/$myname > /tmp/$mytarget
bandit22@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh
Copying passwordfile /etc/bandit_pass/bandit22 to /tmp/8169b67bd894ddbb4412f91573b38db3
bandit22@bandit:~$ echo I am user bandit23 | md5sum | cut -d ' ' -f 1
8ca319486bfbbc3663ea0fbe81326349
bandit22@bandit:~$ cat /tmp/8ca319486bfbbc3663ea0fbe81326349
jc1udXuA1tiHqjIsL8yaapX5XIAI6i0n

Bandit Level 23 → Level 24

Level Goal

A program is running automatically at regular intervals from cron, the time-based job scheduler. Look in /etc/cron.d/ for the configuration and see what command is being executed.

NOTE: This level requires you to create your own first shell-script. This is a very big step and you should be proud of yourself when you beat this level!

NOTE 2: Keep in mind that your shell script is removed once executed, so you may want to keep a copy around…

  • cronjob
bandit23@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit24.sh
#!/bin/bash

myname=$(whoami)

cd /var/spool/$myname
echo "Executing and deleting all scripts in /var/spool/$myname:"
for i in * .*;
do
    if [ "$i" != "." -a "$i" != ".." ];
    then
        echo "Handling $i"
        owner="$(stat --format "%U" ./$i)"
        if [ "${owner}" = "bandit23" ]; then
            timeout -s 9 60 ./$i
        fi
        rm -f ./$i
    fi
done

  • Now create directory in tmp and give permissions to write a file to it.

  • write a shell script to read the password from /etc/bandit_pass/bandit24 and write to the directory created in tmp and place it in /car/spool/bandit24

  • script

bandit23@bandit:/tmp/bandit_user_24$ cat /var/spool/bandit24/user.sh
#!/bin/sh
cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit24 > /tmp/bandit_user_24/pass24file
  • Now wait for the script to execute , and once it is done pass24file file shoule be created in dircetory in tmp.
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/bandit_user_24$ ls
pass24file  user.sh
bandit23@bandit:/tmp/bandit_user_24$ cat pass24file 
UoMYTrfrBFHyQXmg6gzctqAwOmw1Ioh
UoMYTrfrBFHyQXmg6gzctqAwOmw1IohZ

Bandit Level 24 → Level 25

Level Goal

A daemon is listening on port 30002 and will give you the password for bandit25 if given the password for bandit24 and a secret numeric 4-digit pincode. There is no way to retrieve the pincode except by going through all of the 10000 combinations, called brute-forcing

$ for i in {0000..9999} ;do echo $PASS$i; done | nc localhost 30002

Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
Wrong! Please enter the correct pincode. Try again.
...
...
Correct!
The password of user bandit25 is uNG9O58gUE7snukf3bvZ0rxhtnjzSGzG

Exiting.