This shows the buckets of the histogram as a table. It is the same information you can get when hovering over the histogram bars.
For a histogram, files are put into buckets, i.e. they are classified by their size: Files of similar sizes are put into the same bucket, and the histogram shows how many files there are in each bucket.
Columns from left to right:
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Bucket number. How many buckets there are depends on the number of data points, i.e. the total number of files. QDirStat uses the Rice Rule to determine the number of buckets so there is a reasonable number of data elements in each bucket. If there are too many buckets, many of them won't have any data, and the others will have very similar numbers, so it would be hard to make any sense of the histogram.
QDirStat uses a maximum of 100 buckets so each bucket is still wide enough to be well visible and clickable.
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The start value of the bucket, i.e. the minimum file size for a file to be put into that bucket.
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The end value of the bucket, i.e. the maximum file size for a file to be put into that bucket. The end value of this bucket is also the start value for the next one.
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The number of files in that bucket. This is what the histogram displays.