skos.shacl.ttl

@prefix : <http://skohub.io/skohub-shacl> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .


# declare the skos prefix to use it in later SPARQL-based constraints
skos:
  a owl:Ontology ;
  owl:imports sh: ;
  sh:declare [
    sh:prefix "skos" ;
    sh:namespace "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"^^xsd:anyURI ;
  ] .

# ConceptScheme
:ConceptSchemeShape
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:ConceptScheme ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path dct:title ;
    sh:minCount 1;
    sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
    sh:message "Concept Scheme has no dct:title with a language tag!"
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:hasTopConcept ;
    sh:class skos:Concept ;
  ]
  .

# Concept
:ConceptShape
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:prefLabel ;
    sh:minCount 1;
    sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
    sh:message "Each skos:Concept has to provide a skos:prefLabel"
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:description "S14 A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag." ;
    sh:path skos:prefLabel ;
    sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
    sh:uniqueLang true ;
    sh:message "Each skos:Concept has to provide a unique language for skos:prefLabel" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:altLabel ;
    sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
    sh:name "alt label" ;
    sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  ] ;
  # removed minCount because we check for disjointness here.
  # min count is checked above
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:prefLabel ;
    sh:description "\"Constraint S13: skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel must be disjoint\"" ;
    sh:disjoint skos:altLabel ;
    sh:disjoint skos:hiddenLabel ;
    # sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "pref label" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:altLabel ;
    sh:description "\"Constraint S13: skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel must be disjoint\"" ;
    sh:disjoint skos:hiddenLabel ;
    sh:disjoint skos:prefLabel ;
    sh:name "alt label" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:broader ;
    sh:class skos:Concept ;
    sh:name "broader" ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:definition ;
    sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
    sh:name "definition" ;
  ] ;
  # duplicate of :Undocumented Concept?
  sh:property [
    sh:deactivated true ;
    sh:path skos:definition ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "definition" ;
    sh:severity sh:Warning ;
    sh:message "A definition should be given."
  ] ;
  # with :NoLinkConceptScheme I can better check if there are concepts not linked to ConceptScheme
  # sh:property [
  #   sh:path skos:inScheme ;
  #   sh:class skos:ConceptScheme ;
  #   sh:minCount 1 ;
  #   sh:name "in scheme" ;
  #   sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  #   sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  # ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:narrower ;
    sh:class skos:Concept ;
    sh:name "narrower" ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  ] ;
  # sh:property [
  #   sh:path skos:prefLabel ;
  #   sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
  #   sh:minCount 1 ;
  #   sh:message "One pref label per Concept should be given." ;
  #   sh:name "pref label" ;
  # ] ;
  # sh:property [
  #   sh:path skos:prefLabel ;
  #   sh:datatype rdf:langString ;
  #   sh:name "pref label" ;
  #   sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  # ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:related ;
    sh:description "S27 skos:related is disjoint with the property skos:broaderTransitive." ;
    sh:disjoint skos:broader ;
    sh:disjoint skos:broaderTransitive ;
    sh:disjoint skos:narrower ;
    sh:disjoint skos:narrowerTransitive ;
    sh:name "related" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:relatedMatch ;
    sh:class skos:Concept ;
    sh:name "related match" ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:relatedMatch ;
    sh:disjoint skos:broadMatch ;
    sh:disjoint skos:closeMatch ;
    sh:disjoint skos:exactMatch ;
    sh:disjoint skos:narrowMatch ;
    sh:name "related match" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path skos:topConceptOf ;
    sh:class skos:ConceptScheme ;
    sh:name "top concept of" ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  ] ;
  .

:NoLinkToConceptScheme
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:message "Orphaned concepts that are not linked to the ConceptScheme are not allowed." ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this
    WHERE {
      $this a skos:Concept ;
      FILTER (NOT EXISTS {
        {$this skos:topConceptOf ?a }
        UNION
        {$this skos:inScheme ?a }
      }) 
     .
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.


:OrphanConcepts 
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;   # This triple is optional
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:comment "Orphan Concept" ;
    sh:description "An orphan concept is a concept without any associative or hierarchical relations. It might have attached literals like e.g., labels, but is not connected to any other resource, lacking valuable context information. A controlled vocabulary that contains many orphan concepts is less usable for search and retrieval use cases, because, e.g., no hierarchical query expansion can be performed on search terms to find documents with more general content." ;
    sh:message "The concept is not a top concept of a Concept Scheme and neither has a broader or related concept. If it is a topConcept link it with skos:topConceptOf. Otherwise use one of the other relations." ;
    sh:severity sh:Info ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this 
    WHERE {
      $this a skos:Concept .
      FILTER NOT EXISTS {
        ?this skos:topConceptOf ?cs .
      }
      FILTER NOT EXISTS {
      ?this skos:broader | skos:broaderTransitive | skos:related ?other .
      }
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.


:AmbiguousNotatation
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:comment "Ambiguous Notation References" ;
    sh:description "Concepts should not have identlical skos:notation literals." ;
    sh:message "the concept has the same notation {$value} as {$path}" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this (?other as ?path) ?value
    WHERE {
      $this skos:notation ?value  .
      ?other skos:notation ?value .
      FILTER ($this != ?other)
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

# I changed the query here, added skos:topConceptOf
:DuplicateNotatationWithinCS
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:comment "Duplicate Notation References within Concept Scheme" ;
    sh:description "Concepts within the same Concept Scheme should not have identlical skos:notation literals." ;
    sh:message "the concept has the same notation {$value} as {$path}" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this (?other as ?path) ?value
    WHERE {
      $this skos:notation ?value  .
      ?other skos:notation ?value .
      $this skos:inScheme | skos:topConceptOf ?cs .
      ?other skos:inScheme | skos:topConceptOf ?cs .
      FILTER ($this != ?other)
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

# I changed this query have to add again the replace part (TODO)
:EmptyLabels
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  rdfs:comment "Empty Labels" ;
  sh:description "Labels also need to contain textual information to be useful, thus we find all SKOS labels with length 0 (after removing whitespaces)." ;
  sh:message "Label with an empty value detected" ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this ?path (?lab as ?value) (lang(?lab) as ?lang)
    WHERE {
      $this a skos:Concept .
      {
      SELECT $this ?path ?lab 
      WHERE{
        $this skos:prefLabel | skos:altLabel | skos:hiddenLabel ?lab .
        $this ?path ?lab .
        bind ( strlen(?lab) as ?q)
        FILTER ( ?q=0 )
        }
      }
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

# changed ?this to $this
# changed sh:message to provide more meaning
:OverlappingLabels
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:deactivated true ; 
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:comment "Overlapping Labels (concepts with the same label, independent of concept scheme )" ;
    sh:description "This is a generalization of a recommendation in the SKOS primer, that “no two concepts have the same preferred lexical label in a given language when they belong to the same concept scheme”. This could indicate missing disambiguation information and thus lead to problems in autocompletion application." ;
    sh:message "Overlapping Labels (there is concept '{$this}' with the same pref label in language '{$lang}' for concept '{$value}')" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this (skos:prefLabel AS ?path) (?other as ?value) (lang(?pl) as ?lang)
    WHERE {
      ?this  skos:prefLabel ?pl .
      ?other skos:prefLabel ?opl .
      ?other a skos:Concept .
      FILTER ($this != ?other && ?pl = ?opl)
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

# added | skos:topConceptOf in SPARQL query
# changed sh:message to provide more meaning
:OverlappingLabelsInSameConceptScheme
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:comment "Overlapping Labels in the same Concept Scheme (concepts with the same label in the same concept scheme)" ;
    sh:message "Overlapping Labels in the same Concept Scheme (there is concept '{$this}' with the same pref label in language '{$lang}' for concept '{$value}'). Label: '{$pl}" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this (skos:prefLabel AS ?path) (?other as ?value) (lang(?pl) as ?lang) $pl
    WHERE {
      ?this  skos:prefLabel ?pl .
      ?other skos:prefLabel ?opl .
      ?other a skos:Concept .
      ?this skos:inScheme | skos:topConceptOf ?cs .
      ?other skos:inScheme | skos:topConceptOf ?cs .
      FILTER ($this != ?other && ?pl = ?opl)
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

:TopConceptsHavingBroader
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:comment "Top Concept Having Broader Concept" ;
    sh:message "The top concept has a broader concept" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT DISTINCT $this
    WHERE {
      $this skos:broader | skos:broaderTransitive ?other .
      ?this skos:topConceptOf ?cs .
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

:UndocumentedConcepts
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:deactivated true ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:severity sh:Warning ;
  sh:sparql [
    a sh:SPARQLConstraint ;
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    rdfs:label "Undocumented Concept (no concept meaning description)" ;
    sh:description """The SKOS \"standard\" defines a number of properties useful for documenting the meaning of the concepts in a thesaurus (section 7) also in a human-readable form. Intense use of these properties leads to a well-documented thesaurus which should also improve its quality. 
      Iteration over all concepts in the vocabulary and find those not using one of skos:note, skos:changeNote, skos:definition, skos:editorialNote, skos:example, skos:historyNote, or skos:scopeNote""" ;
    sh:message "undocumented concept - none of the skos:notes is used to describe the meaning " ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT DISTINCT $this
    WHERE {
        $this a skos:Concept .
        FILTER NOT EXISTS {?this skos:definition|skos:note|skos:example|skos:historyNote|skos:scopeNote ?note}
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.

:DisjointConceptAndConceptScheme
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass skos:Concept ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:prefixes skos: ;
    sh:message "A Concept cannot be also a ConceptScheme " ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this
    WHERE {
      $this a skos:ConceptScheme 
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.


:DisjointMappingRelations
  a sh:NodeShape ;
  rdfs:comment "Disjoint mapping relations" ;
  rdfs:label "Disjoint mapping relations" ;
  owl:versionInfo "EuVoc 1.1" ;
  sh:property [
      sh:path skos:closeMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:broadMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:exactMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:narrowMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:relatedMatch ;
      sh:name "close match" ;
    ] ;
  sh:property [
      sh:path skos:exactMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:broadMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:closeMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:narrowMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:relatedMatch ;
      sh:name "exact match" ;
    ] ;
  sh:property [
      sh:path skos:narrowMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:broadMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:closeMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:exactMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:relatedMatch ;
      sh:name "narrow match" ;
    ] ;
  sh:property [
      sh:path skos:relatedMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:broadMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:closeMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:exactMatch ;
      sh:disjoint skos:narrowMatch ;
      sh:name "related match" ;
    ] ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:broadMatch ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:closeMatch ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:exactMatch ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:narrowMatch ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:relatedMatch ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:broadMatch ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:closeMatch ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:exactMatch ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:narrowMatch ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:relatedMatch ;
.

:SemanticRelations
  rdf:type rdfs:Class ;
  rdf:type sh:Shape ;
  rdfs:comment "Semantic relations" ;
  rdfs:label "Semantic relations" ;
  rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource ;
  owl:versionInfo "EuVoc 1.1" ;
  sh:sparql [
    rdfs:comment "9.6.4. SKOS Concepts, Concept Collections and Semantic Relations" ;
    sh:message "domain and range of SKOS semantic propoerties MUST be a skos:Concept . " ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this
    WHERE {
      FILTER NOT EXISTS{ $this a skos:Concept .}
    }""" ;
  ] ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:broader ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:narrower ;
  sh:targetObjectsOf skos:related ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:broader ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:narrower ;
  sh:targetSubjectsOf skos:related ;
.

# SKOS Collections

skos:Collection
  rdf:type sh:Shape ;
  rdfs:comment "S19 and S20" ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:message "The domain of semantic properties cannot be skos:Collection" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this
    WHERE {
      ?this skos:broader | skos:narrower | skos:related ?c .
    }""" ;
  ] ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:message "The range of semantic properties cannot be skos:Collection" ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this
    WHERE {
        ?c skos:broader | skos:narrower | skos:related ?this .
    }""" ;
  ] ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:message "skos:Collection is disjoint with each of skos:Concept and skos:ConceptScheme." ;
    sh:select """
    SELECT $this
    WHERE {
      $this a ?type .
      FILTER (?type NOT IN (skos:Concept, skos:ConceptScheme) )
    }""" ;
  ] ;
.