/
Region.pm
541 lines (471 loc) · 23.7 KB
/
Region.pm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
package Slic3r::Layer::Region;
use Moo;
use List::Util qw(sum first);
use Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop ':roles';
use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles';
use Slic3r::Flow ':roles';
use Slic3r::Geometry qw(PI A B scale unscale chained_path points_coincide);
use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(union_ex diff_ex intersection_ex
offset offset_ex offset2 offset2_ex union_pt diff intersection
union diff intersection_ppl diff_ppl);
use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
has 'layer' => (
is => 'ro',
weak_ref => 1,
required => 1,
handles => [qw(id slice_z print_z height object print)],
);
has 'region' => (is => 'ro', required => 1, handles => [qw(config)]);
has 'infill_area_threshold' => (is => 'lazy');
# collection of surfaces generated by slicing the original geometry
# divided by type top/bottom/internal
has 'slices' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new });
# collection of extrusion paths/loops filling gaps
has 'thin_fills' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
# collection of surfaces for infill generation
has 'fill_surfaces' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new });
# collection of expolygons representing the bridged areas (thus not needing support material)
has 'bridged' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExPolygon::Collection->new });
# collection of polylines representing the unsupported bridge edges
has 'unsupported_bridge_edges' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Polyline::Collection->new });
# ordered collection of extrusion paths/loops to build all perimeters
has 'perimeters' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces
has 'fills' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
sub _build_infill_area_threshold {
my $self = shift;
return $self->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL)->scaled_spacing ** 2;
}
sub flow {
my ($self, $role, $bridge, $width) = @_;
return $self->region->flow(
$role,
$self->layer->height,
$bridge // 0,
$self->layer->id == 0,
$width,
$self->object,
);
}
sub make_perimeters {
my $self = shift;
my $perimeter_flow = $self->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER);
my $mm3_per_mm = $perimeter_flow->mm3_per_mm($self->height);
my $overhang_flow = $self->region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER, -1, 1, 0, undef, $self->layer->object);
my $mm3_per_mm_overhang = $overhang_flow->mm3_per_mm(-1);
my $pwidth = $perimeter_flow->scaled_width;
my $pspacing = $perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing;
my $solid_infill_flow = $self->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL);
my $ispacing = $solid_infill_flow->scaled_spacing;
my $gap_area_threshold = $pwidth ** 2;
# Calculate the minimum required spacing between two adjacent traces.
# This should be equal to the nominal flow spacing but we experiment
# with some tolerance in order to avoid triggering medial axis when
# some squishing might work. Loops are still spaced by the entire
# flow spacing; this only applies to collapsing parts.
my $min_spacing = $pspacing * (1 - &Slic3r::INSET_OVERLAP_TOLERANCE);
$self->perimeters->clear;
$self->fill_surfaces->clear;
$self->thin_fills->clear;
my @contours = (); # array of Polygons with ccw orientation
my @holes = (); # array of Polygons with cw orientation
my @thin_walls = (); # array of ExPolygons
# we need to process each island separately because we might have different
# extra perimeters for each one
foreach my $surface (@{$self->slices}) {
# detect how many perimeters must be generated for this island
my $loop_number = $self->config->perimeters + ($surface->extra_perimeters || 0);
my @last = @{$surface->expolygon};
my @gaps = (); # array of ExPolygons
if ($loop_number > 0) {
# we loop one time more than needed in order to find gaps after the last perimeter was applied
for my $i (1 .. ($loop_number+1)) { # outer loop is 1
my @offsets = ();
if ($i == 1) {
# the minimum thickness of a single loop is:
# width/2 + spacing/2 + spacing/2 + width/2
@offsets = @{offset2(
\@last,
-(0.5*$pwidth + 0.5*$min_spacing - 1),
+(0.5*$min_spacing - 1),
)};
# look for thin walls
if ($self->config->thin_walls) {
my $diff = diff_ex(
\@last,
offset(\@offsets, +0.5*$pwidth),
1, # medial axis requires non-overlapping geometry
);
push @thin_walls, @$diff;
}
} else {
@offsets = @{offset2(
\@last,
-(1.0*$pspacing + 0.5*$min_spacing - 1),
+(0.5*$min_spacing - 1),
)};
# look for gaps
if ($self->region->config->gap_fill_speed > 0 && $self->config->fill_density > 0) {
# not using safety offset here would "detect" very narrow gaps
# (but still long enough to escape the area threshold) that gap fill
# won't be able to fill but we'd still remove from infill area
my $diff = diff_ex(
offset(\@last, -0.5*$pspacing),
offset(\@offsets, +0.5*$pspacing + 10), # safety offset
);
push @gaps, grep abs($_->area) >= $gap_area_threshold, @$diff;
}
}
last if !@offsets;
last if $i > $loop_number; # we were only looking for gaps this time
# clone polygons because these ExPolygons will go out of scope very soon
@last = @offsets;
foreach my $polygon (@offsets) {
if ($polygon->is_counter_clockwise) {
push @contours, $polygon;
} else {
push @holes, $polygon;
}
}
}
}
# fill gaps
if (@gaps) {
if (0) {
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
Slic3r::SVG::output(
"gaps.svg",
expolygons => \@gaps,
);
}
# where $pwidth < thickness < 2*$pspacing, infill with width = 1.5*$pwidth
# where 0.5*$pwidth < thickness < $pwidth, infill with width = 0.5*$pwidth
my @gap_sizes = (
[ $pwidth, 2*$pspacing, unscale 1.5*$pwidth ],
[ 0.5*$pwidth, $pwidth, unscale 0.5*$pwidth ],
);
foreach my $gap_size (@gap_sizes) {
my @gap_fill = $self->_fill_gaps(@$gap_size, \@gaps);
$self->thin_fills->append(@gap_fill);
# Make sure we don't infill narrow parts that are already gap-filled
# (we only consider this surface's gaps to reduce the diff() complexity).
# Growing actual extrusions ensures that gaps not filled by medial axis
# are not subtracted from fill surfaces (they might be too short gaps
# that medial axis skips but infill might join with other infill regions
# and use zigzag).
my $w = $gap_size->[2];
my @filled = map {
@{($_->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop') ? $_->split_at_first_point : $_)
->polyline
->grow(scale $w/2)};
} @gap_fill;
@last = @{diff(\@last, \@filled)};
}
}
# create one more offset to be used as boundary for fill
# we offset by half the perimeter spacing (to get to the actual infill boundary)
# and then we offset back and forth by half the infill spacing to only consider the
# non-collapsing regions
my $min_perimeter_infill_spacing = $ispacing * (1 - &Slic3r::INSET_OVERLAP_TOLERANCE);
$self->fill_surfaces->append(
map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL), # use a bogus surface type
@{offset2_ex(
[ map @{$_->simplify_p(&Slic3r::SCALED_RESOLUTION)}, @{union_ex(\@last)} ],
-($pspacing/2 + $min_perimeter_infill_spacing/2),
+$min_perimeter_infill_spacing/2,
)}
);
}
# process thin walls by collapsing slices to single passes
my @thin_wall_polylines = ();
if (@thin_walls) {
# the following offset2 ensures almost nothing in @thin_walls is narrower than $min_width
# (actually, something larger than that still may exist due to mitering or other causes)
my $min_width = $pwidth / 4;
@thin_walls = @{offset2_ex([ map @$_, @thin_walls ], -$min_width/2, +$min_width/2)};
# the maximum thickness of our thin wall area is equal to the minimum thickness of a single loop
@thin_wall_polylines = map @{$_->medial_axis($pwidth + $pspacing, $min_width)}, @thin_walls;
Slic3r::debugf " %d thin walls detected\n", scalar(@thin_wall_polylines) if $Slic3r::debug;
if (0) {
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
Slic3r::SVG::output(
"medial_axis.svg",
no_arrows => 1,
expolygons => \@thin_walls,
green_polylines => [ map $_->polygon->split_at_first_point, @{$self->perimeters} ],
red_polylines => \@thin_wall_polylines,
);
}
}
# find nesting hierarchies separately for contours and holes
my $contours_pt = union_pt(\@contours);
my $holes_pt = union_pt(\@holes);
# prepare grown lower layer slices for overhang detection
my $lower_slices = Slic3r::ExPolygon::Collection->new;
if ($self->layer->lower_layer && $self->region->config->overhangs) {
# We consider overhang any part where the entire nozzle diameter is not supported by the
# lower layer, so we take lower slices and offset them by half the nozzle diameter used
# in the current layer
my $nozzle_diameter = $self->layer->print->config->get_at('nozzle_diameter', $self->region->config->perimeter_extruder-1);
$lower_slices->append(
@{offset_ex([ map @$_, @{$self->layer->lower_layer->slices} ], scale +$nozzle_diameter/2)},
);
}
my $lower_slices_p = $lower_slices->polygons;
# prepare a coderef for traversing the PolyTree object
# external contours are root items of $contours_pt
# internal contours are the ones next to external
my $traverse;
$traverse = sub {
my ($polynodes, $depth, $is_contour) = @_;
# convert all polynodes to ExtrusionLoop objects
my $collection = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new;
my @children = ();
foreach my $polynode (@$polynodes) {
my $polygon = ($polynode->{outer} // $polynode->{hole})->clone;
my $role = EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER;
my $loop_role = EXTRL_ROLE_DEFAULT;
my $root_level = $depth == 0;
my $no_children = !@{ $polynode->{children} };
my $is_external = $is_contour ? $root_level : $no_children;
my $is_internal = $is_contour ? $no_children : $root_level;
if ($is_external) {
# external perimeters are root level in case of contours
# and items with no children in case of holes
$role = EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER;
$loop_role = EXTRL_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER;
} elsif ($is_contour && $is_internal) {
# internal perimeters are root level in case of holes
# and items with no children in case of contours
$loop_role = EXTRL_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER;
}
# detect overhanging/bridging perimeters
my @paths = ();
if ($self->region->config->overhangs && $lower_slices->count > 0) {
# get non-overhang paths by intersecting this loop with the grown lower slices
foreach my $polyline (@{ intersection_ppl([ $polygon ], $lower_slices_p) }) {
push @paths, Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => $polyline,
role => $role,
mm3_per_mm => $mm3_per_mm,
width => $perimeter_flow->width,
height => $self->height,
);
}
# get overhang paths by checking what parts of this loop fall
# outside the grown lower slices (thus where the distance between
# the loop centerline and original lower slices is >= half nozzle diameter
foreach my $polyline (@{ diff_ppl([ $polygon ], $lower_slices_p) }) {
push @paths, Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => $polyline,
role => EXTR_ROLE_OVERHANG_PERIMETER,
mm3_per_mm => $mm3_per_mm_overhang,
width => $overhang_flow->width,
height => $self->height,
);
}
# reapply the nearest point search for starting point
# (clone because the collection gets DESTROY'ed)
# We allow polyline reversal because Clipper may have randomly
# reversed polylines during clipping.
my $collection = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(@paths);
@paths = map $_->clone, @{$collection->chained_path(0)};
} else {
push @paths, Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => $polygon->split_at_first_point,
role => $role,
mm3_per_mm => $mm3_per_mm,
width => $perimeter_flow->width,
height => $self->height,
);
}
my $loop = Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new_from_paths(@paths);
$loop->role($loop_role);
# return ccw contours and cw holes
# GCode.pm will convert all of them to ccw, but it needs to know
# what the holes are in order to compute the correct inwards move
# We do this on the final Loop object instead of the polygon because
# overhang clipping might have reversed its order since Clipper does
# not preserve polyline orientation.
if ($is_contour) {
$loop->make_counter_clockwise;
} else {
$loop->make_clockwise;
}
$collection->append($loop);
# save the children
push @children, $polynode->{children};
}
# if we're handling the top-level contours, add thin walls as candidates too
# in order to include them in the nearest-neighbor search
if ($is_contour && $depth == 0) {
foreach my $polyline (@thin_wall_polylines) {
$collection->append(Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => $polyline,
role => EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER,
mm3_per_mm => $mm3_per_mm,
width => $perimeter_flow->width,
height => $self->height,
));
}
}
# use a nearest neighbor search to order these children
# TODO: supply second argument to chained_path() too?
# Optimization: since islands are going to be sorted by slice anyway in the
# G-code export process, we skip chained_path here
my ($sorted_collection, @orig_indices);
if ($is_contour && $depth == 0) {
$sorted_collection = $collection;
@orig_indices = (0..$#$sorted_collection);
} else {
$sorted_collection = $collection->chained_path_indices(0);
@orig_indices = @{$sorted_collection->orig_indices};
}
my @loops = ();
foreach my $loop (@$sorted_collection) {
my $orig_index = shift @orig_indices;
if ($loop->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionPath')) {
push @loops, $loop->clone;
} else {
# if this is an external contour find all holes belonging to this contour(s)
# and prepend them
if ($is_contour && $depth == 0) {
# $loop is the outermost loop of an island
my @holes = ();
for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#$holes_pt; $i++) {
if ($loop->polygon->contains_point($holes_pt->[$i]{outer}->first_point)) {
push @holes, splice @$holes_pt, $i, 1; # remove from candidates to reduce complexity
$i--;
}
}
# order holes efficiently
@holes = @holes[@{chained_path([ map {($_->{outer} // $_->{hole})->first_point} @holes ])}];
push @loops, reverse map $traverse->([$_], 0, 0), @holes;
}
# traverse children and prepend them to this loop
push @loops, $traverse->($children[$orig_index], $depth+1, $is_contour);
push @loops, $loop->clone;
}
}
return @loops;
};
# order loops from inner to outer (in terms of object slices)
my @loops = $traverse->($contours_pt, 0, 1);
# if brim will be printed, reverse the order of perimeters so that
# we continue inwards after having finished the brim
# TODO: add test for perimeter order
@loops = reverse @loops
if $self->print->config->external_perimeters_first
|| ($self->layer->id == 0 && $self->print->config->brim_width > 0);
# append perimeters
$self->perimeters->append(@loops);
}
sub _fill_gaps {
my ($self, $min, $max, $w, $gaps) = @_;
my $this = diff_ex(
offset2([ map @$_, @$gaps ], -$min/2, +$min/2),
offset2([ map @$_, @$gaps ], -$max/2, +$max/2),
1,
);
my $flow = $self->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL, 0, $w);
my %path_args = (
role => EXTR_ROLE_GAPFILL,
mm3_per_mm => $flow->mm3_per_mm($self->height),
width => $flow->width,
height => $self->height,
);
my @polylines = map @{$_->medial_axis($max, $min/2)}, @$this;
Slic3r::debugf " %d gaps filled with extrusion width = %s\n", scalar @$this, $w
if @$this;
for my $i (0..$#polylines) {
if ($polylines[$i]->isa('Slic3r::Polygon')) {
my $loop = Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new;
$loop->append(Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(polyline => $polylines[$i]->split_at_first_point, %path_args));
$polylines[$i] = $loop;
} else {
$polylines[$i] = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(polyline => $polylines[$i], %path_args);
}
}
return @polylines;
}
sub prepare_fill_surfaces {
my $self = shift;
# if no solid layers are requested, turn top/bottom surfaces to internal
if ($self->config->top_solid_layers == 0) {
$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL) for @{$self->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_TOP)};
}
if ($self->config->bottom_solid_layers == 0) {
$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)
for @{$self->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_BOTTOM)}, @{$self->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_BOTTOMBRIDGE)};
}
# turn too small internal regions into solid regions according to the user setting
if ($self->config->fill_density > 0) {
my $min_area = scale scale $self->config->solid_infill_below_area; # scaling an area requires two calls!
$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID)
for grep { $_->area <= $min_area } @{$self->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)};
}
}
sub process_external_surfaces {
my ($self, $lower_layer) = @_;
my @surfaces = @{$self->fill_surfaces};
my $margin = scale &Slic3r::EXTERNAL_INFILL_MARGIN;
my @bottom = ();
foreach my $surface (grep $_->is_bottom, @surfaces) {
my $grown = $surface->expolygon->offset_ex(+$margin);
# detect bridge direction before merging grown surfaces otherwise adjacent bridges
# would get merged into a single one while they need different directions
# also, supply the original expolygon instead of the grown one, because in case
# of very thin (but still working) anchors, the grown expolygon would go beyond them
my $angle;
if ($lower_layer) {
my $bridge_detector = Slic3r::Layer::BridgeDetector->new(
expolygon => $surface->expolygon,
lower_slices => $lower_layer->slices,
extrusion_width => $self->flow(FLOW_ROLE_INFILL, $self->height, 1)->scaled_width,
);
Slic3r::debugf "Processing bridge at layer %d:\n", $self->id;
$angle = $bridge_detector->detect_angle;
if (defined $angle && $self->object->config->support_material) {
$self->bridged->append(@{ $bridge_detector->coverage($angle) });
$self->unsupported_bridge_edges->append(@{ $bridge_detector->unsupported_edges });
}
}
push @bottom, map $surface->clone(expolygon => $_, bridge_angle => $angle), @$grown;
}
my @top = ();
foreach my $surface (grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP, @surfaces) {
# give priority to bottom surfaces
my $grown = diff_ex(
$surface->expolygon->offset(+$margin),
[ map $_->p, @bottom ],
);
push @top, map $surface->clone(expolygon => $_), @$grown;
}
# if we're slicing with no infill, we can't extend external surfaces
# over non-existent infill
my @fill_boundaries = $self->config->fill_density > 0
? @surfaces
: grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @surfaces;
# intersect the grown surfaces with the actual fill boundaries
my @new_surfaces = ();
foreach my $group (@{Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new(@top, @bottom)->group}) {
push @new_surfaces,
map $group->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_),
@{intersection_ex(
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
[ map $_->p, @fill_boundaries ],
1, # to ensure adjacent expolygons are unified
)};
}
# subtract the new top surfaces from the other non-top surfaces and re-add them
my @other = grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_TOP && !$_->is_bottom, @surfaces;
foreach my $group (@{Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new(@other)->group}) {
push @new_surfaces, map $group->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_), @{diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
[ map $_->p, @new_surfaces ],
)};
}
$self->fill_surfaces->clear;
$self->fill_surfaces->append(@new_surfaces);
}
1;