Go:
Benchmark 1: ./related
Processing time (w/o IO): 37.185195ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 36.410139ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 37.336706ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 35.762092ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.134537ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.402229ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.797357ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 38.28466ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 36.327634ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 38.508975ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 37.03838ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.497338ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.133415ms
Time (mean ± σ): 77.7 ms ± 3.2 ms [User: 70.5 ms, System: 16.2 ms]
Range (min … max): 71.1 ms … 82.1 ms 10 runs
Go Concurrent:
Benchmark 1: ./related_concurrent
Processing time (w/o IO): 18.900869ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.569217ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.554616ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.624921ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.274296ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 20.004648ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 18.947372ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.708027ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 20.398577ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 34.455494ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.18459ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 19.973847ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 18.711955ms
Time (mean ± σ): 62.0 ms ± 7.5 ms [User: 68.5 ms, System: 14.0 ms]
Range (min … max): 56.5 ms … 80.6 ms 10 runs
Rust:
Benchmark 1: ./target/release/rust
Processing time (w/o IO): 41.049378ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 41.393202ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.67435ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.897967ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.487037ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.565271ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.042495ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.867451ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.089568ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.535299ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.678338ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 39.802447ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 40.083167ms
Time (mean ± σ): 62.3 ms ± 0.6 ms [User: 53.5 ms, System: 8.7 ms]
Range (min … max): 61.1 ms … 62.9 ms 10 runs
Rust Rayon:
Benchmark 1: ./target/release/rust_rayon
Processing time (w/o IO): 20.86168ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 22.902125ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 20.917384ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 22.70791ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 21.99656ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 20.258637ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 22.065465ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 21.822648ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 21.968859ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 21.955658ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 20.934585ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 21.678038ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 22.665308ms
Time (mean ± σ): 42.7 ms ± 2.4 ms [User: 50.7 ms, System: 11.3 ms]
Range (min … max): 38.9 ms … 47.7 ms 10 runs
Python:
Benchmark 1: python3 ./related.py
Processing time (w/o IO): 3.321s
Processing time (w/o IO): 3.424s
Processing time (w/o IO): 3.425s
Processing time (w/o IO): 3.398s
Processing time (w/o IO): 3.372s
Time (mean ± σ): 3.749 s ± 0.044 s [User: 3.720 s, System: 0.027 s]
Range (min … max): 3.681 s … 3.790 s 5 runs
Numpy:
Benchmark 1: python3 ./related_np.py
Processing time (w/o IO): 1.215s
Processing time (w/o IO): 1.226s
Processing time (w/o IO): 1.166s
Processing time (w/o IO): 1.160s
Processing time (w/o IO): 1.137s
Time (mean ± σ): 1.662 s ± 0.047 s [User: 1.574 s, System: 0.213 s]
Range (min … max): 1.602 s … 1.724 s 5 runs
Crystal:
Benchmark 1: ./crystal
Processing time (w/o IO): 63.622988ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 68.840064ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 64.637962ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67.297253ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 65.280308ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 62.218687ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 61.647945ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 71.356546ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 65.974858ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 65.387515ms
Time (mean ± σ): 128.4 ms ± 4.0 ms [User: 116.9 ms, System: 10.8 ms]
Range (min … max): 122.4 ms … 137.3 ms 10 runs
Zig:
Benchmark 1: ./main
Processing time (w/o IO): 226ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 219ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 229ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 225ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 214ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 214ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 212ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 220ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 227ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 225ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 239ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 240ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 232ms
Time (mean ± σ): 277.4 ms ± 12.5 ms [User: 270.8 ms, System: 6.6 ms]
Range (min … max): 261.0 ms … 297.4 ms 10 runs
Julia v2:
Benchmark 1: julia related_v2.jl
Processing time (w/o IO): 764 milliseconds
Processing time (w/o IO): 800 milliseconds
Processing time (w/o IO): 798 milliseconds
Processing time (w/o IO): 813 milliseconds
Processing time (w/o IO): 793 milliseconds
Processing time (w/o IO): 806 milliseconds
Time (mean ± σ): 6.071 s ± 0.115 s [User: 5.802 s, System: 0.263 s]
Range (min … max): 5.929 s … 6.229 s 5 runs
Odin:
Benchmark 1: ./related
Processing time (w/o IO): 73.343599ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 72.356324ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 72.703851ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 72.627151ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 73.095685ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 74.036254ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 72.778362ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 76.56054ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 77.830634ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 75.781283ms
Time (mean ± σ): 366.6 ms ± 8.4 ms [User: 352.5 ms, System: 13.8 ms]
Range (min … max): 358.1 ms … 381.7 ms 10 runs
Vlang:
Benchmark 1: ./related
Processing time (w/o IO): 69.749ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 68.673ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 69.850ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 68.883ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 69.318ms
Time (mean ± σ): 443.1 ms ± 2.7 ms [User: 401.4 ms, System: 41.2 ms]
Range (min … max): 440.1 ms … 447.3 ms 5 runs
Dart VM:
Benchmark 1: dart related.dart
Processing time (w/o IO): 291ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 268ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 275ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 265ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 292ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 260ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 237ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 270ms
Time (mean ± σ): 847.0 ms ± 21.0 ms [User: 958.3 ms, System: 162.4 ms]
Range (min … max): 822.9 ms … 877.8 ms 5 runs
Dart AOT:
Benchmark 1: ./related
Processing time (w/o IO): 461ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 458ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 473ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 470ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 474ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 471ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 494ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 461ms
Time (mean ± σ): 651.4 ms ± 16.9 ms [User: 612.9 ms, System: 40.4 ms]
Range (min … max): 631.6 ms … 676.0 ms 5 runs
Swift:
Benchmark 1: ./.build/release/related
Processing time (w/o IO): 69.41807270050049ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 69.20206546783447ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 70.41299343109131ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 69.90504264831543ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 66.54095649719238ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 68.89808177947998ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 70.3129768371582ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 71.18690013885498ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 70.10793685913086ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 71.22492790222168ms
Time (mean ± σ): 568.9 ms ± 13.6 ms [User: 516.8 ms, System: 44.6 ms]
Range (min … max): 538.4 ms … 580.5 ms 10 runs
JS (Node):
Benchmark 1: node node.js
Processing time (w/o IO): 350ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 336ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 334ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 335ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 349ms
Time (mean ± σ): 479.3 ms ± 101.2 ms [User: 410.3 ms, System: 75.5 ms]
Range (min … max): 431.6 ms … 660.4 ms 5 runs
JS (Bun):
Benchmark 1: bun bun.js
Processing time (w/o IO): 900ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 1052ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 857ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 1076ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 1044ms
Time (mean ± σ): 1.083 s ± 0.094 s [User: 1.101 s, System: 0.043 s]
Range (min … max): 0.918 s … 1.146 s 5 runs
JS (Deno):
Benchmark 1: deno run --allow-read --allow-write deno.js
Processing time (w/o IO): 398ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 376ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 371ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 397ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 401ms
Time (mean ± σ): 516.7 ms ± 94.9 ms [User: 460.9 ms, System: 40.8 ms]
Range (min … max): 460.1 ms … 684.9 ms 5 runs
Java (JIT):
Benchmark 1: java -jar ./target/main.jar
Processing time (w/o IO): 301 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 315 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 320 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 338 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 278 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 292 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 315 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 309 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 298 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 305 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 256 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 311 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 328 ms
Time (mean ± σ): 624.6 ms ± 28.9 ms [User: 1059.3 ms, System: 79.5 ms]
Range (min … max): 577.2 ms … 654.9 ms 10 runs
Java (GraalVM):
Benchmark 1: ./target/related
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 65 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 64 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 65 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 66 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 65 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 66 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Processing time (w/o IO): 67 ms
Time (mean ± σ): 105.8 ms ± 1.0 ms [User: 90.2 ms, System: 15.6 ms]
Range (min … max): 103.9 ms … 106.9 ms 10 runs