tests: mock and test provider calls from lifecycle.py

[mr-cal]

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Overview

Mock and test calls made to craft-providers from lifecycle.py. This code was not being tested.

I also simplified the verbosity call to match charmcraft and rockcraft.

Details

3 weeks ago, I added some unit tests for run_in_provider(). Today, I am extending those tests further.

The test fixtures are copies of the implementations in charmcraft and rockcraft.

I'll be using these tests next week when I pull code out of the providers directory.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #3928 (9aa97dc) into main (4e23e8f) will increase coverage by 0.10%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3928      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.77%   89.88%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files          61       61              
  Lines        4177     4170       -7     
==========================================
- Hits         3750     3748       -2     
+ Misses        427      422       -5     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
snapcraft/parts/lifecycle.py	88.30% <100.00%> (+5.16%)	⬆️
snapcraft/providers/_logs.py	35.00% <0.00%> (-45.00%)	⬇️

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