Built-in Functions

red(color)

Return the red component of the given color.

 red(#c00)
 // => 204

green(color)

Return the green component of the given color.

 green(#0c0)
 // => 204

blue(color)

Return the blue component of the given color.

 red(#00c)
 // => 204

alpha(color)

Return the alpha component of the given color.

  alpha(#fff)
  // => 1
  
  alpha(rgba(0,0,0,0.3))
  // => 0.3

dark(color)

Check if color is dark:

  dark(black)
  // => true

  dark(#005716)
  // => true

  dark(white)
  // => false

light(color)

Check if color is light:

light(black)
// => false

light(white)
// => true

light(#00FF40)
// => true

hue(color)

Return the hue of the given color.

hue(hsla(50deg, 100%, 80%))
// => 50deg

saturation(color)

Return the saturation of the given color.

saturation(hsla(50deg, 100%, 80%))
// => 100%

lightness(color)

Return the lightness of the given color.

lightness(hsla(50deg, 100%, 80%))
// => 80%

push(expr, args...)

Push the given args to expr.

 nums = 1 2
 push(nums, 3, 4, 5)

 nums
 // => 1 2 3 4 5

Aliased as append()

unshift(expr, args...)

Unshift the given args to expr.

 nums = 4 5
 unshift(nums, 3, 2, 1)

 nums
 // => 1 2 3 4 5

Aliased as prepend()

keys(pairs)

Return keys in the given pairs:

 pairs = (one 1) (two 2) (three 3)
 keys(pairs)
 // => one two three

values(pairs)

Return values in the given pairs:

 pairs = (one 1) (two 2) (three 3)
 values(pairs)
 // => 1 2 3

typeof(node)

Return type of node as a string.

  type(12)
  // => 'unit'

  typeof(12)
  // => 'unit'
  
  typeof(#fff)
  // => 'rgba'

  type-of(#fff)
  // => 'rgba'

Aliased as type-of and type.

unit(unit[, type])

Return a string for the type of unit or an empty string, or assign the given type without unit conversion.

unit(10)
// => ''

unit(15in)
// => 'in'

unit(15%, 'px')
// => 15px

unit(15%, px)
// => 15px

match(pattern, string)

Test if string matches the given pattern.

match('^foo(bar)?', foo)
match('^foo(bar)?', foobar)
// => true

match('^foo(bar)?', 'foo')
match('^foo(bar)?', 'foobar')
// => true

match('^foo(bar)?', 'bar')
// => false

abs(unit)

  abs(-5px)
  // => 5px

  abs(5px)
  // => 5px

ceil(unit)

  ceil(5.5in)
  // => 6in

floor(unit)

  floor(5.6px)
  // => 5px

round(unit)

  round(5.5px)
  // => 6px

  round(5.4px)
  // => 5px

min(a, b)

  min(1, 5)
  // => 1

max(a, b)

  max(1, 5)
  // => 5

even(unit)

  even(6px)
  // => true

odd(unit)

  odd(5mm)
  // => true

sum(nums)

  sum(1 2 3)
  // => 6

avg(nums)

 avg(1 2 3)
 // => 2

join(delim, vals...)

Join the given vals with delim.

  join(' ', 1 2 3)
  // => "1 2 3"
  
  join(',', 1 2 3)
  // => "1,2,3"
  
  join(', ', foo bar baz)
  // => "foo, bar, baz"

  join(', ', foo, bar, baz)
  // => "foo, bar, baz"

  join(', ', 1 2, 3 4, 5 6)
  // => "1 2, 3 4, 5 6"

hsla(color | h,s,l,a)

Convert the given color to an HSLA node, or h,s,l,a component values.

 hslaa(10deg, 50%, 30%, 0.5)
 // => HSLA

 hslaa(#ffcc00)
 // => HSLA

hsla(color | h,s,l)

Convert the given color to an HSLA node, or h,s,l component values.

 hsla(10, 50, 30)
 // => HSLA

 hsla(#ffcc00)
 // => HSLA

rgba(color | r,g,b,a)

Return RGBA from the r,g,b,a channels or provide a color to tweak the alpha.

  rgba(255,0,0,0.5)
  // => rgba(255,0,0,0.5)

  rgba(255,0,0,1)
  // => #ff0000

  rgba(#ffcc00, 0.5)
  // rgba(255,204,0,0.5)

Alternatively stylus supports the #rgba and #rrggbbaa notations as well:

#fc08
// => rgba(255,204,0,0.5)

#ffcc00ee
// => rgba(255,204,0,0.9)

rgb(color | r,g,b)

Return a RGBA from the r,g,b channels or cast to an RGBA node.

rgb(255,204,0)
// => #ffcc00

rgb(#fff)
// => #fff

lighten(color, amount)

Lighten the given color by amount. This function is unit-sensitive, for example supporting percentages as shown below.

lighten(#2c2c2c, 30)
// => #787878

lighten(#2c2c2c, 30%)
// => #393939

darken(color, amount)

Darken the given color by amount.This function is unit-sensitive, for example supporting percentages as shown below.

darken(#D62828, 30)
// => #551010

darken(#D62828, 30%)
// => #961c1c

desaturate(color, amount)

Desaturate the given color by amount.

desaturate(#f00, 40%)
// => #c33

saturate(color, amount)

Saturate the given color by amount.

saturate(#c33, 40%)
// => #f00

invert(color)

Inverts the color. The red, green, and blue values are inverted, while the opacity is left alone.

invert(#d62828)
// => #29d7d7

unquote(str | ident)

Unquote the given str and returned as a Literal node.

   unquote("sans-serif")
   // => sans-serif

   unquote(sans-serif)
   // => sans-serif

   unquote('1px / 2px')
   // => 1px / 2px

s(fmt, ...)

The s() function is similar to unquote(), in that it returns a Literal node, however it accepts a format string much like C's sprintf(). Currently the only specifier is %s.

    s('bar()');
    // => bar()

    s('bar(%s)', 'baz');
    // => bar("baz")

    s('bar(%s)', baz);
    // => bar(baz)
    
    s('bar(%s)', 15px);
    // => bar(15px)
    
    s('rgba(%s, %s, %s, 0.5)', 255, 100, 50);
    // => rgba(255, 100, 50, 0.5)
    
    s('bar(%Z)', 15px);
    // => bar(%Z)
    
    s('bar(%s, %s)', 15px);
    // => bar(15px, null)

Check out the % string operator for equivalent behaviour.

operate(op, left, right)

Perform the given op on the left and right operands:

  op = '+'
  operate(op, 15, 5)
  // => 20

length([expr])

Parenthesized expressions may act as tuples, the length() function returns the length of such expressions.

length((1 2 3 4))
// => 4

length((1 2))
// => 2

length((1))
// => 1

length(())
// => 0

length(1 2 3)
// => 3

length(1)
// => 1

length()
// => 0

warn(msg)

Warn with the given error msg, does not exit.

  warn("oh noes!")

error(msg)

Exits with the given error msg.

add(a, b)
  unless a is a 'unit' and b is a 'unit'
    error('add() expects units')
  a + b

last(expr)

Return the last value in the given expr:

  nums = 1 2 3
  last(nums)
  last(1 2 3)
  // => 3
  
  list = (one 1) (two 2) (three 3)
  last(list)
  // => (three 3)

p(expr)

Inspect the given expr:

 fonts = Arial, sans-serif
 p('test')
 p(123)
 p((1 2 3))
 p(fonts)
 p(#fff)
 p(rgba(0,0,0,0.2))
 
 add(a, b)
   a + b

 p(add)

stdout:

 inspect: "test"
 inspect: 123
 inspect: 1 2 3
 inspect: Arial, sans-serif
 inspect: #fff
 inspect: rgba(0,0,0,0.2)
 inspect: add(a, b)

opposite-position(positions)

Return the opposites of the given positions.

 opposite-position(right)
 // => left

 opposite-position(top left)
 // => bottom right

 opposite-position('top' 'left')
 // => bottom right

image-size(path)

Returns the width and height of the image found at path. Lookups are performed in the same manner as @import, altered by the paths setting.

  width(img)
    return image-size(img)[0]

  height(img)
    return image-size(img)[1]

  image-size('tux.png')
  // => 405px 250px

  image-size('tux.png')[0] == width('tux.png')
  // => true

add-property(name, expr)

Adds property name, with the given expr to the closest block.

For example:

  something()
    add-property('bar', 1 2 3)
    s('bar')

  body
    foo: something()

yields:

  body {
    bar: 1 2 3;
    foo: bar;
  }

Next the "magic" current-property local variable comes into play. This variable is automatically available to function bodies, and contains an expression with the current property's name, and value.

For example if we were to inspect this local variable using p(), we get the following:

    p(current-property)
    // => "foo" (foo __CALL__ bar baz)

    p(current-property[0])
    // => "foo"

    p(current-property[1])
    // => foo __CALL__ bar baz

Using current-property we can take our example a bit further, and duplicate the property with new values, and a conditional to ensure the function is only used within a property value.

    something(n)
      if current-property
        add-property(current-property[0], s('-webkit-something(%s)', n))
        add-property(current-property[0], s('-moz-something(%s)', n))
        s('something(%s)', n)
      else
        error('something() must be used within a property')

    body {
      foo: something(15px) bar;
    }

yields:

    body {
      foo: -webkit-something(15px);
      foo: -moz-something(15px);
      foo: something(15px) bar;
    }

If you noticed in the example above, bar is only present for the initial call, since we returned something(15px), it remained in-place within the expression, however the others do not take the rest of the expression into account.

Our more robust solution below, defines a function named replace() which clones the expression to prevent mutation, replaces the string value of an expression with another, and returns the cloned expression. We then move on to replace __CALL__ within the expressions, which represents the cyclic call to something().

    replace(expr, str, val)
      expr = clone(expr)
      for e, i in expr
        if str == e
          expr[i] = val
      expr

    something(n)
      if current-property
        val = current-property[1]
        webkit = replace(val, '__CALL__', s('-webkit-something(%s)', n))
        moz = replace(val, '__CALL__', s('-moz-something(%s)', n))
        add-property(current-property[0], webkit)
        add-property(current-property[0], moz)
        s('something(%s)', n)
      else
        error('something() must be used within a property')

yields:

      body {
        foo: foo -webkit-something(5px) bar baz;
        foo: foo -moz-something(5px) bar baz;
        foo: foo something(5px) bar baz;
      }

Our implementation is now fully transparent both in regards to the property it is called within, and the position of the call. This powerful concept aids in transparent vendor support for function calls, such as gradients.

Undefined Functions

Undefined functions will output as literals, so for example we may call rgba-stop(50%, #fff) within our css, and it will output as you would expect. We can use this within helpers as well.

In the example below we simply define the function stop() which returns the literal rgba-stop() call.

stop(pos, rgba)
  rgba-stop(pos, rgba)

stop(50%, orange)
// => rgba-stop(50%, #ffa500)

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Built-in Functions

red(color)

green(color)

blue(color)

alpha(color)

dark(color)

light(color)

hue(color)

saturation(color)

lightness(color)

push(expr, args...)

unshift(expr, args...)

keys(pairs)

values(pairs)

typeof(node)

unit(unit[, type])

match(pattern, string)

abs(unit)

ceil(unit)

floor(unit)

round(unit)

min(a, b)

max(a, b)

even(unit)

odd(unit)

sum(nums)

avg(nums)

join(delim, vals...)

hsla(color | h,s,l,a)

hsla(color | h,s,l)

rgba(color | r,g,b,a)

rgb(color | r,g,b)

lighten(color, amount)

darken(color, amount)

desaturate(color, amount)

saturate(color, amount)

invert(color)

unquote(str | ident)

s(fmt, ...)

operate(op, left, right)

length([expr])

warn(msg)

error(msg)

last(expr)

p(expr)

opposite-position(positions)

image-size(path)

add-property(name, expr)

Undefined Functions