| Abstract version | ↔ | Physical version |
|---|---|---|
| addition, subtraction | ↔ | putting things together, removing things |
| transformation | ↔ | bending / stretching / shifting objects |
| modus ponens | ↔ | cause and effect |
| traits / polymorphism | ↔ | genetics |
| recursion | ↔ | plants, shells, other life forms |
| software architecture | ↔ | physical architecture |
| neural networks | ↔ | human brain |