wallet.py

# Electrum - lightweight Bitcoin client
# Copyright (C) 2015 Thomas Voegtlin
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

# Wallet classes:
#   - Imported_Wallet: imported address, no keystore
#   - Standard_Wallet: one keystore, P2PKH
#   - Multisig_Wallet: several keystores, P2SH


import os
import threading
import random
import time
import json
import copy
import errno
import traceback
from functools import partial
from collections import defaultdict
from numbers import Number

import sys

from .i18n import _
from .util import (NotEnoughFunds, PrintError, UserCancelled, profiler,
                   format_satoshis, NoDynamicFeeEstimates)

from .bitcoin import *
from .version import *
from .keystore import load_keystore, Hardware_KeyStore
from .storage import multisig_type

from . import transaction
from .transaction import Transaction
from .plugins import run_hook
from . import bitcoin
from . import coinchooser
from .synchronizer import Synchronizer
from .verifier import SPV

from . import paymentrequest
from .paymentrequest import PR_PAID, PR_UNPAID, PR_UNKNOWN, PR_EXPIRED
from .paymentrequest import InvoiceStore
from .contacts import Contacts

TX_STATUS = [
    _('Replaceable'),
    _('Unconfirmed parent'),
    _('Low fee'),
    _('Unconfirmed'),
    _('Not Verified'),
    _('Local only'),
]

TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL = -2
TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT = -1
TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED = 0


def relayfee(network):
    RELAY_FEE = 1000
    MAX_RELAY_FEE = 50000
    f = network.relay_fee if network and network.relay_fee else RELAY_FEE
    return min(f, MAX_RELAY_FEE)

def dust_threshold(network):
    # Change <= dust threshold is added to the tx fee
    return 182 * 3 * relayfee(network) / 1000


def append_utxos_to_inputs(inputs, network, pubkey, txin_type, imax):
    if txin_type != 'p2pk':
        address = bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(txin_type, pubkey)
        sh = bitcoin.address_to_scripthash(address)
    else:
        script = bitcoin.public_key_to_p2pk_script(pubkey)
        sh = bitcoin.script_to_scripthash(script)
        address = '(pubkey)'
    u = network.synchronous_get(('blockchain.scripthash.listunspent', [sh]))
    for item in u:
        if len(inputs) >= imax:
            break
        item['address'] = address
        item['type'] = txin_type
        item['prevout_hash'] = item['tx_hash']
        item['prevout_n'] = item['tx_pos']
        item['pubkeys'] = [pubkey]
        item['x_pubkeys'] = [pubkey]
        item['signatures'] = [None]
        item['num_sig'] = 1
        inputs.append(item)

def sweep_preparations(privkeys, network, imax=100):

    def find_utxos_for_privkey(txin_type, privkey, compressed):
        pubkey = bitcoin.public_key_from_private_key(privkey, compressed)
        append_utxos_to_inputs(inputs, network, pubkey, txin_type, imax)
        keypairs[pubkey] = privkey, compressed
    inputs = []
    keypairs = {}
    for sec in privkeys:
        txin_type, privkey, compressed = bitcoin.deserialize_privkey(sec)
        find_utxos_for_privkey(txin_type, privkey, compressed)
        # do other lookups to increase support coverage
        if is_minikey(sec):
            # minikeys don't have a compressed byte
            # we lookup both compressed and uncompressed pubkeys
            find_utxos_for_privkey(txin_type, privkey, not compressed)
        elif txin_type == 'p2pkh':
            # WIF serialization does not distinguish p2pkh and p2pk
            # we also search for pay-to-pubkey outputs
            find_utxos_for_privkey('p2pk', privkey, compressed)
    if not inputs:
        raise BaseException(_('No inputs found. (Note that inputs need to be confirmed)'))
    return inputs, keypairs


def sweep(privkeys, network, config, recipient, fee=None, imax=100):
    inputs, keypairs = sweep_preparations(privkeys, network, imax)
    total = sum(i.get('value') for i in inputs)
    if fee is None:
        outputs = [(TYPE_ADDRESS, recipient, total)]
        tx = Transaction.from_io(inputs, outputs)
        fee = config.estimate_fee(tx.estimated_size())
    if total - fee < 0:
        raise BaseException(_('Not enough funds on address.') + '\nTotal: %d satoshis\nFee: %d'%(total, fee))
    if total - fee < dust_threshold(network):
        raise BaseException(_('Not enough funds on address.') + '\nTotal: %d satoshis\nFee: %d\nDust Threshold: %d'%(total, fee, dust_threshold(network)))

    outputs = [(TYPE_ADDRESS, recipient, total - fee)]
    locktime = network.get_local_height()

    tx = Transaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime)
    tx.BIP_LI01_sort()
    tx.set_rbf(True)
    tx.sign(keypairs)
    return tx


class UnrelatedTransactionException(Exception):
    def __init__(self):
        self.args = ("Transaction is unrelated to this wallet ", )


class Abstract_Wallet(PrintError):
    """
    Wallet classes are created to handle various address generation methods.
    Completion states (watching-only, single account, no seed, etc) are handled inside classes.
    """

    max_change_outputs = 3

    def __init__(self, storage):
        self.electrum_version = ELECTRUM_VERSION
        self.storage = storage
        self.network = None
        # verifier (SPV) and synchronizer are started in start_threads
        self.synchronizer = None
        self.verifier = None

        self.gap_limit_for_change = 6 # constant
        # saved fields
        self.use_change            = storage.get('use_change', True)
        self.multiple_change       = storage.get('multiple_change', False)
        self.labels                = storage.get('labels', {})
        self.frozen_addresses      = set(storage.get('frozen_addresses',[]))
        self.history               = storage.get('addr_history',{})        # address -> list(txid, height)

        self.load_keystore()
        self.load_addresses()
        self.load_transactions()
        self.build_reverse_history()

        # load requests
        self.receive_requests = self.storage.get('payment_requests', {})

        # Transactions pending verification.  A map from tx hash to transaction
        # height.  Access is not contended so no lock is needed.
        self.unverified_tx = defaultdict(int)

        # Verified transactions.  Each value is a (height, timestamp, block_pos) tuple.  Access with self.lock.
        self.verified_tx = storage.get('verified_tx3', {})

        # there is a difference between wallet.up_to_date and interface.is_up_to_date()
        # interface.is_up_to_date() returns true when all requests have been answered and processed
        # wallet.up_to_date is true when the wallet is synchronized (stronger requirement)
        self.up_to_date = False
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.transaction_lock = threading.Lock()

        self.check_history()

        # save wallet type the first time
        if self.storage.get('wallet_type') is None:
            self.storage.put('wallet_type', self.wallet_type)

        # invoices and contacts
        self.invoices = InvoiceStore(self.storage)
        self.contacts = Contacts(self.storage)


    def diagnostic_name(self):
        return self.basename()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.basename()

    def get_master_public_key(self):
        return None

    @profiler
    def load_transactions(self):
        self.txi = self.storage.get('txi', {})
        self.txo = self.storage.get('txo', {})
        self.tx_fees = self.storage.get('tx_fees', {})
        self.pruned_txo = self.storage.get('pruned_txo', {})
        tx_list = self.storage.get('transactions', {})
        self.transactions = {}
        for tx_hash, raw in tx_list.items():
            tx = Transaction(raw)
            self.transactions[tx_hash] = tx
            if self.txi.get(tx_hash) is None and self.txo.get(tx_hash) is None and (tx_hash not in self.pruned_txo.values()):
                self.print_error("removing unreferenced tx", tx_hash)
                self.transactions.pop(tx_hash)

    @profiler
    def save_transactions(self, write=False):
        with self.transaction_lock:
            tx = {}
            for k,v in self.transactions.items():
                tx[k] = str(v)
            self.storage.put('transactions', tx)
            self.storage.put('txi', self.txi)
            self.storage.put('txo', self.txo)
            self.storage.put('tx_fees', self.tx_fees)
            self.storage.put('pruned_txo', self.pruned_txo)
            self.storage.put('addr_history', self.history)
            if write:
                self.storage.write()

    def clear_history(self):
        with self.transaction_lock:
            self.txi = {}
            self.txo = {}
            self.tx_fees = {}
            self.pruned_txo = {}
        self.save_transactions()
        with self.lock:
            self.history = {}
            self.tx_addr_hist = {}

    @profiler
    def build_reverse_history(self):
        self.tx_addr_hist = {}
        for addr, hist in self.history.items():
            for tx_hash, h in hist:
                s = self.tx_addr_hist.get(tx_hash, set())
                s.add(addr)
                self.tx_addr_hist[tx_hash] = s

    @profiler
    def check_history(self):
        save = False
        mine_addrs = list(filter(lambda k: self.is_mine(self.history[k]), self.history.keys()))
        if len(mine_addrs) != len(self.history.keys()):
            save = True
        for addr in mine_addrs:
            hist = self.history[addr]

            for tx_hash, tx_height in hist:
                if tx_hash in self.pruned_txo.values() or self.txi.get(tx_hash) or self.txo.get(tx_hash):
                    continue
                tx = self.transactions.get(tx_hash)
                if tx is not None:
                    self.add_transaction(tx_hash, tx)
                    save = True
        if save:
            self.save_transactions()

    def basename(self):
        return os.path.basename(self.storage.path)

    def save_addresses(self):
        self.storage.put('addresses', {'receiving':self.receiving_addresses, 'change':self.change_addresses})

    def load_addresses(self):
        d = self.storage.get('addresses', {})
        if type(d) != dict: d={}
        self.receiving_addresses = d.get('receiving', [])
        self.change_addresses = d.get('change', [])

    def synchronize(self):
        pass

    def set_up_to_date(self, up_to_date):
        with self.lock:
            self.up_to_date = up_to_date
        if up_to_date:
            self.save_transactions(write=True)

    def is_up_to_date(self):
        with self.lock: return self.up_to_date

    def set_label(self, name, text = None):
        changed = False
        old_text = self.labels.get(name)
        if text:
            text = text.replace("\n", " ")
            if old_text != text:
                self.labels[name] = text
                changed = True
        else:
            if old_text:
                self.labels.pop(name)
                changed = True

        if changed:
            run_hook('set_label', self, name, text)
            self.storage.put('labels', self.labels)

        return changed

    def is_mine(self, address):
        return address in self.get_addresses()

    def is_change(self, address):
        if not self.is_mine(address):
            return False
        return address in self.change_addresses

    def get_address_index(self, address):
        if address in self.receiving_addresses:
            return False, self.receiving_addresses.index(address)
        if address in self.change_addresses:
            return True, self.change_addresses.index(address)
        raise Exception("Address not found", address)

    def export_private_key(self, address, password):
        """ extended WIF format """
        if self.is_watching_only():
            return []
        index = self.get_address_index(address)
        pk, compressed = self.keystore.get_private_key(index, password)
        if self.txin_type in ['p2sh', 'p2wsh', 'p2wsh-p2sh']:
            pubkeys = self.get_public_keys(address)
            redeem_script = self.pubkeys_to_redeem_script(pubkeys)
        else:
            redeem_script = None
        return bitcoin.serialize_privkey(pk, compressed, self.txin_type), redeem_script


    def get_public_keys(self, address):
        sequence = self.get_address_index(address)
        return self.get_pubkeys(*sequence)

    def add_unverified_tx(self, tx_hash, tx_height):
        if tx_height in (TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED, TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT) \
                and tx_hash in self.verified_tx:
            self.verified_tx.pop(tx_hash)
            self.verifier.merkle_roots.pop(tx_hash, None)

        # tx will be verified only if height > 0
        if tx_hash not in self.verified_tx:
            self.unverified_tx[tx_hash] = tx_height

    def add_verified_tx(self, tx_hash, info):
        # Remove from the unverified map and add to the verified map and
        self.unverified_tx.pop(tx_hash, None)
        with self.lock:
            self.verified_tx[tx_hash] = info  # (tx_height, timestamp, pos)
        height, conf, timestamp = self.get_tx_height(tx_hash)
        self.network.trigger_callback('verified', tx_hash, height, conf, timestamp)

    def get_unverified_txs(self):
        '''Returns a map from tx hash to transaction height'''
        return self.unverified_tx

    def undo_verifications(self, blockchain, height):
        '''Used by the verifier when a reorg has happened'''
        txs = set()
        with self.lock:
            for tx_hash, item in list(self.verified_tx.items()):
                tx_height, timestamp, pos = item
                if tx_height >= height:
                    header = blockchain.read_header(tx_height)
                    # fixme: use block hash, not timestamp
                    if not header or header.get('timestamp') != timestamp:
                        self.verified_tx.pop(tx_hash, None)
                        txs.add(tx_hash)
        return txs

    def get_local_height(self):
        """ return last known height if we are offline """
        return self.network.get_local_height() if self.network else self.storage.get('stored_height', 0)

    def get_tx_height(self, tx_hash):
        """ return the height and timestamp of a transaction. """
        with self.lock:
            if tx_hash in self.verified_tx:
                height, timestamp, pos = self.verified_tx[tx_hash]
                conf = max(self.get_local_height() - height + 1, 0)
                return height, conf, timestamp
            elif tx_hash in self.unverified_tx:
                height = self.unverified_tx[tx_hash]
                return height, 0, False
            else:
                # local transaction
                return TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL, 0, False

    def get_txpos(self, tx_hash):
        "return position, even if the tx is unverified"
        with self.lock:
            if tx_hash in self.verified_tx:
                height, timestamp, pos = self.verified_tx[tx_hash]
                return height, pos
            elif tx_hash in self.unverified_tx:
                height = self.unverified_tx[tx_hash]
                return (height, 0) if height > 0 else ((1e9 - height), 0)
            else:
                return (1e9+1, 0)

    def is_found(self):
        return self.history.values() != [[]] * len(self.history)

    def get_num_tx(self, address):
        """ return number of transactions where address is involved """
        return len(self.history.get(address, []))

    def get_tx_delta(self, tx_hash, address):
        "effect of tx on address"
        # pruned
        if tx_hash in self.pruned_txo.values():
            return None
        delta = 0
        # substract the value of coins sent from address
        d = self.txi.get(tx_hash, {}).get(address, [])
        for n, v in d:
            delta -= v
        # add the value of the coins received at address
        d = self.txo.get(tx_hash, {}).get(address, [])
        for n, v, cb in d:
            delta += v
        return delta

    def get_wallet_delta(self, tx):
        """ effect of tx on wallet """
        addresses = self.get_addresses()
        is_relevant = False
        is_mine = False
        is_pruned = False
        is_partial = False
        v_in = v_out = v_out_mine = 0
        for item in tx.inputs():
            addr = item.get('address')
            if addr in addresses:
                is_mine = True
                is_relevant = True
                d = self.txo.get(item['prevout_hash'], {}).get(addr, [])
                for n, v, cb in d:
                    if n == item['prevout_n']:
                        value = v
                        break
                else:
                    value = None
                if value is None:
                    is_pruned = True
                else:
                    v_in += value
            else:
                is_partial = True
        if not is_mine:
            is_partial = False
        for addr, value in tx.get_outputs():
            v_out += value
            if addr in addresses:
                v_out_mine += value
                is_relevant = True
        if is_pruned:
            # some inputs are mine:
            fee = None
            if is_mine:
                v = v_out_mine - v_out
            else:
                # no input is mine
                v = v_out_mine
        else:
            v = v_out_mine - v_in
            if is_partial:
                # some inputs are mine, but not all
                fee = None
            else:
                # all inputs are mine
                fee = v_in - v_out
        if not is_mine:
            fee = None
        return is_relevant, is_mine, v, fee

    def get_tx_info(self, tx):
        is_relevant, is_mine, v, fee = self.get_wallet_delta(tx)
        exp_n = None
        can_broadcast = False
        can_bump = False
        label = ''
        height = conf = timestamp = None
        tx_hash = tx.txid()
        if tx.is_complete():
            if tx_hash in self.transactions.keys():
                label = self.get_label(tx_hash)
                height, conf, timestamp = self.get_tx_height(tx_hash)
                if height > 0:
                    if conf:
                        status = _("%d confirmations") % conf
                    else:
                        status = _('Not verified')
                elif height in (TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT, TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED):
                    status = _('Unconfirmed')
                    if fee is None:
                        fee = self.tx_fees.get(tx_hash)
                    if fee and self.network.config.has_fee_estimates():
                        size = tx.estimated_size()
                        fee_per_kb = fee * 1000 / size
                        exp_n = self.network.config.reverse_dynfee(fee_per_kb)
                    can_bump = is_mine and not tx.is_final()
                else:
                    status = _('Local')
                    can_broadcast = self.network is not None
            else:
                status = _("Signed")
                can_broadcast = self.network is not None
        else:
            s, r = tx.signature_count()
            status = _("Unsigned") if s == 0 else _('Partially signed') + ' (%d/%d)'%(s,r)

        if is_relevant:
            if is_mine:
                if fee is not None:
                    amount = v + fee
                else:
                    amount = v
            else:
                amount = v
        else:
            amount = None

        return tx_hash, status, label, can_broadcast, can_bump, amount, fee, height, conf, timestamp, exp_n

    def get_addr_io(self, address):
        h = self.get_address_history(address)
        received = {}
        sent = {}
        for tx_hash, height in h:
            l = self.txo.get(tx_hash, {}).get(address, [])
            for n, v, is_cb in l:
                received[tx_hash + ':%d'%n] = (height, v, is_cb)
        for tx_hash, height in h:
            l = self.txi.get(tx_hash, {}).get(address, [])
            for txi, v in l:
                sent[txi] = height
        return received, sent

    def get_addr_utxo(self, address):
        coins, spent = self.get_addr_io(address)
        for txi in spent:
            coins.pop(txi)
        out = {}
        for txo, v in coins.items():
            tx_height, value, is_cb = v
            prevout_hash, prevout_n = txo.split(':')
            x = {
                'address':address,
                'value':value,
                'prevout_n':int(prevout_n),
                'prevout_hash':prevout_hash,
                'height':tx_height,
                'coinbase':is_cb
            }
            out[txo] = x
        return out

    # return the total amount ever received by an address
    def get_addr_received(self, address):
        received, sent = self.get_addr_io(address)
        return sum([v for height, v, is_cb in received.values()])

    # return the balance of a bitcoin address: confirmed and matured, unconfirmed, unmatured
    def get_addr_balance(self, address):
        received, sent = self.get_addr_io(address)
        c = u = x = 0
        for txo, (tx_height, v, is_cb) in received.items():
            if is_cb and tx_height + COINBASE_MATURITY > self.get_local_height():
                x += v
            elif tx_height > 0:
                c += v
            elif tx_height != TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL:
                u += v
            if txo in sent:
                if sent[txo] > 0:
                    c -= v
                else:
                    u -= v
        return c, u, x

    def get_spendable_coins(self, domain, config):
        confirmed_only = config.get('confirmed_only', False)
        return self.get_utxos(domain, exclude_frozen=True, mature=True, confirmed_only=confirmed_only)

    def get_utxos(self, domain = None, exclude_frozen = False, mature = False, confirmed_only = False):
        coins = []
        if domain is None:
            domain = self.get_addresses()
        if exclude_frozen:
            domain = set(domain) - self.frozen_addresses
        for addr in domain:
            utxos = self.get_addr_utxo(addr)
            for x in utxos.values():
                if confirmed_only and x['height'] <= 0:
                    continue
                if mature and x['coinbase'] and x['height'] + COINBASE_MATURITY > self.get_local_height():
                    continue
                coins.append(x)
                continue
        return coins

    def dummy_address(self):
        return self.get_receiving_addresses()[0]

    def get_addresses(self):
        out = []
        out += self.get_receiving_addresses()
        out += self.get_change_addresses()
        return out

    def get_frozen_balance(self):
        return self.get_balance(self.frozen_addresses)

    def get_balance(self, domain=None):
        if domain is None:
            domain = self.get_addresses()
        cc = uu = xx = 0
        for addr in domain:
            c, u, x = self.get_addr_balance(addr)
            cc += c
            uu += u
            xx += x
        return cc, uu, xx

    def get_address_history(self, addr):
        h = []
        with self.transaction_lock:
            for tx_hash in self.transactions:
                if addr in self.txi.get(tx_hash, []) or addr in self.txo.get(tx_hash, []):
                    tx_height = self.get_tx_height(tx_hash)[0]
                    h.append((tx_hash, tx_height))
        return h

    def find_pay_to_pubkey_address(self, prevout_hash, prevout_n):
        dd = self.txo.get(prevout_hash, {})
        for addr, l in dd.items():
            for n, v, is_cb in l:
                if n == prevout_n:
                    self.print_error("found pay-to-pubkey address:", addr)
                    return addr

    def add_transaction(self, tx_hash, tx):
        is_coinbase = tx.inputs()[0]['type'] == 'coinbase'
        related = False
        with self.transaction_lock:
            # add inputs
            self.txi[tx_hash] = d = {}
            for txi in tx.inputs():
                addr = txi.get('address')
                if txi['type'] != 'coinbase':
                    prevout_hash = txi['prevout_hash']
                    prevout_n = txi['prevout_n']
                    ser = prevout_hash + ':%d'%prevout_n
                if addr == "(pubkey)":
                    addr = self.find_pay_to_pubkey_address(prevout_hash, prevout_n)
                # find value from prev output
                if addr and self.is_mine(addr):
                    related = True
                    dd = self.txo.get(prevout_hash, {})
                    for n, v, is_cb in dd.get(addr, []):
                        if n == prevout_n:
                            if d.get(addr) is None:
                                d[addr] = []
                            d[addr].append((ser, v))
                            break
                    else:
                        self.pruned_txo[ser] = tx_hash

            # add outputs
            self.txo[tx_hash] = d = {}
            for n, txo in enumerate(tx.outputs()):
                ser = tx_hash + ':%d'%n
                _type, x, v = txo
                if _type == TYPE_ADDRESS:
                    addr = x
                elif _type == TYPE_PUBKEY:
                    addr = bitcoin.public_key_to_p2pkh(bfh(x))
                else:
                    addr = None
                if addr and self.is_mine(addr):
                    related = True
                    if d.get(addr) is None:
                        d[addr] = []
                    d[addr].append((n, v, is_coinbase))
                # give v to txi that spends me
                next_tx = self.pruned_txo.get(ser)
                if next_tx is not None:
                    self.pruned_txo.pop(ser)
                    dd = self.txi.get(next_tx, {})
                    if dd.get(addr) is None:
                        dd[addr] = []
                    dd[addr].append((ser, v))

            if not related:
                raise UnrelatedTransactionException()

            # save
            self.transactions[tx_hash] = tx

    def remove_transaction(self, tx_hash):
        with self.transaction_lock:
            self.print_error("removing tx from history", tx_hash)
            #tx = self.transactions.pop(tx_hash)
            for ser, hh in list(self.pruned_txo.items()):
                if hh == tx_hash:
                    self.pruned_txo.pop(ser)
            # add tx to pruned_txo, and undo the txi addition
            for next_tx, dd in self.txi.items():
                for addr, l in list(dd.items()):
                    ll = l[:]
                    for item in ll:
                        ser, v = item
                        prev_hash, prev_n = ser.split(':')
                        if prev_hash == tx_hash:
                            l.remove(item)
                            self.pruned_txo[ser] = next_tx
                    if l == []:
                        dd.pop(addr)
                    else:
                        dd[addr] = l
            try:
                self.txi.pop(tx_hash)
                self.txo.pop(tx_hash)
            except KeyError:
                self.print_error("tx was not in history", tx_hash)

    def receive_tx_callback(self, tx_hash, tx, tx_height):
        self.add_transaction(tx_hash, tx)
        self.add_unverified_tx(tx_hash, tx_height)

    def receive_history_callback(self, addr, hist, tx_fees):
        with self.lock:
            old_hist = self.history.get(addr, [])
            for tx_hash, height in old_hist:
                if (tx_hash, height) not in hist:
                    # make tx local
                    self.unverified_tx.pop(tx_hash, None)
                    self.verified_tx.pop(tx_hash, None)
            self.history[addr] = hist

        for tx_hash, tx_height in hist:
            # add it in case it was previously unconfirmed
            self.add_unverified_tx(tx_hash, tx_height)
            # add reference in tx_addr_hist
            s = self.tx_addr_hist.get(tx_hash, set())
            s.add(addr)
            self.tx_addr_hist[tx_hash] = s
            # if addr is new, we have to recompute txi and txo
            tx = self.transactions.get(tx_hash)
            if tx is not None and self.txi.get(tx_hash, {}).get(addr) is None and self.txo.get(tx_hash, {}).get(addr) is None:
                self.add_transaction(tx_hash, tx)

        # Store fees
        self.tx_fees.update(tx_fees)

    def get_history(self, domain=None):
        # get domain
        if domain is None:
            domain = self.get_addresses()
        # 1. Get the history of each address in the domain, maintain the
        #    delta of a tx as the sum of its deltas on domain addresses
        tx_deltas = defaultdict(int)
        for addr in domain:
            h = self.get_address_history(addr)
            for tx_hash, height in h:
                delta = self.get_tx_delta(tx_hash, addr)
                if delta is None or tx_deltas[tx_hash] is None:
                    tx_deltas[tx_hash] = None
                else:
                    tx_deltas[tx_hash] += delta

        # 2. create sorted history
        history = []
        for tx_hash in tx_deltas:
            delta = tx_deltas[tx_hash]
            height, conf, timestamp = self.get_tx_height(tx_hash)
            history.append((tx_hash, height, conf, timestamp, delta))
        history.sort(key = lambda x: self.get_txpos(x[0]))
        history.reverse()

        # 3. add balance
        c, u, x = self.get_balance(domain)
        balance = c + u + x
        h2 = []
        for tx_hash, height, conf, timestamp, delta in history:
            h2.append((tx_hash, height, conf, timestamp, delta, balance))
            if balance is None or delta is None:
                balance = None
            elif height != TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL:
                balance -= delta
        h2.reverse()

        # fixme: this may happen if history is incomplete
        if balance not in [None, 0]:
            self.print_error("Error: history not synchronized")
            return []

        return h2

    def get_label(self, tx_hash):
        label = self.labels.get(tx_hash, '')
        if label is '':
            label = self.get_default_label(tx_hash)
        return label

    def get_default_label(self, tx_hash):
        if self.txi.get(tx_hash) == {}:
            d = self.txo.get(tx_hash, {})
            labels = []
            for addr in d.keys():
                label = self.labels.get(addr)
                if label:
                    labels.append(label)
            return ', '.join(labels)
        return ''

    def get_tx_status(self, tx_hash, height, conf, timestamp):
        from .util import format_time
        if conf == 0:
            tx = self.transactions.get(tx_hash)
            if not tx:
                return 3, 'unknown'
            is_final = tx and tx.is_final()
            fee = self.tx_fees.get(tx_hash)
            if fee and self.network and self.network.config.has_fee_estimates():
                size = len(tx.raw)/2
                low_fee = int(self.network.config.dynfee(0)*size/1000)
                is_lowfee = fee < low_fee * 0.5
            else:
                is_lowfee = False
            if height == TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL:
                status = 5
            elif height == TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT:
                status = 1
            elif height == TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED and not is_final:
                status = 0
            elif height == TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED and is_lowfee:
                status = 2
            elif height == TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED:
                status = 3
            else:
                status = 4
        else:
            status = 5 + min(conf, 6)
        time_str = format_time(timestamp) if timestamp else _("unknown")
        status_str = TX_STATUS[status] if status < 6 else time_str
        return status, status_str

    def relayfee(self):
        return relayfee(self.network)

    def dust_threshold(self):
        return dust_threshold(self.network)

    def make_unsigned_transaction(self, inputs, outputs, config, fixed_fee=None,
                                  change_addr=None, is_sweep=False):
        # check outputs
        i_max = None
        for i, o in enumerate(outputs):
            _type, data, value = o
            if _type == TYPE_ADDRESS:
                if not is_address(data):
                    raise BaseException("Invalid bitcoin address:" + data)
            if value == '!':
                if i_max is not None:
                    raise BaseException("More than one output set to spend max")
                i_max = i

        # Avoid index-out-of-range with inputs[0] below
        if not inputs:
            raise NotEnoughFunds()

        if fixed_fee is None and config.fee_per_kb() is None:
            raise NoDynamicFeeEstimates()

        for item in inputs:
            self.add_input_info(item)

        # change address
        if change_addr:
            change_addrs = [change_addr]
        else:
            addrs = self.get_change_addresses()[-self.gap_limit_for_change:]
            if self.use_change and addrs:
                # New change addresses are created only after a few
                # confirmations.  Select the unused addresses within the
                # gap limit; if none take one at random
                change_addrs = [addr for addr in addrs if
                                self.get_num_tx(addr) == 0]
                if not change_addrs:
                    change_addrs = [random.choice(addrs)]
            else:
                change_addrs = [inputs[0]['address']]

        # Fee estimator
        if fixed_fee is None:
            fee_estimator = config.estimate_fee
        elif isinstance(fixed_fee, Number):
            fee_estimator = lambda size: fixed_fee
        elif callable(fixed_fee):
            fee_estimator = fixed_fee
        else:
            raise BaseException('Invalid argument fixed_fee: %s' % fixed_fee)

        if i_max is None:
            # Let the coin chooser select the coins to spend
            max_change = self.max_change_outputs if self.multiple_change else 1
            coin_chooser = coinchooser.get_coin_chooser(config)
            tx = coin_chooser.make_tx(inputs, outputs, change_addrs[:max_change],
                                      fee_estimator, self.dust_threshold())
        else:
            # FIXME?? this might spend inputs with negative effective value...
            sendable = sum(map(lambda x:x['value'], inputs))
            _type, data, value = outputs[i_max]
            outputs[i_max] = (_type, data, 0)
            tx = Transaction.from_io(inputs, outputs[:])
            fee = fee_estimator(tx.estimated_size())
            amount = max(0, sendable - tx.output_value() - fee)
            outputs[i_max] = (_type, data, amount)
            tx = Transaction.from_io(inputs, outputs[:])

        # Sort the inputs and outputs deterministically
        tx.BIP_LI01_sort()
        # Timelock tx to current height.
        tx.locktime = self.get_local_height()
        run_hook('make_unsigned_transaction', self, tx)
        return tx

    def mktx(self, outputs, password, config, fee=None, change_addr=None, domain=None):
        coins = self.get_spendable_coins(domain, config)
        tx = self.make_unsigned_transaction(coins, outputs, config, fee, change_addr)
        self.sign_transaction(tx, password)
        return tx

    def is_frozen(self, addr):
        return addr in self.frozen_addresses

    def set_frozen_state(self, addrs, freeze):
        '''Set frozen state of the addresses to FREEZE, True or False'''
        if all(self.is_mine(addr) for addr in addrs):
            if freeze:
                self.frozen_addresses |= set(addrs)
            else:
                self.frozen_addresses -= set(addrs)
            self.storage.put('frozen_addresses', list(self.frozen_addresses))
            return True
        return False

    def prepare_for_verifier(self):
        # review transactions that are in the history
        for addr, hist in self.history.items():
            for tx_hash, tx_height in hist:
                # add it in case it was previously unconfirmed
                self.add_unverified_tx(tx_hash, tx_height)

    def start_threads(self, network):
        self.network = network
        if self.network is not None:
            self.prepare_for_verifier()
            self.verifier = SPV(self.network, self)
            self.synchronizer = Synchronizer(self, network)
            network.add_jobs([self.verifier, self.synchronizer])
        else:
            self.verifier = None
            self.synchronizer = None

    def stop_threads(self):
        if self.network:
            self.network.remove_jobs([self.synchronizer, self.verifier])
            self.synchronizer.release()
            self.synchronizer = None
            self.verifier = None
            # Now no references to the syncronizer or verifier
            # remain so they will be GC-ed
            self.storage.put('stored_height', self.get_local_height())
        self.save_transactions()
        self.storage.put('verified_tx3', self.verified_tx)
        self.storage.write()

    def wait_until_synchronized(self, callback=None):
        def wait_for_wallet():
            self.set_up_to_date(False)
            while not self.is_up_to_date():
                if callback:
                    msg = "%s\n%s %d"%(
                        _("Please wait..."),
                        _("Addresses generated:"),
                        len(self.addresses(True)))
                    callback(msg)
                time.sleep(0.1)
        def wait_for_network():
            while not self.network.is_connected():
                if callback:
                    msg = "%s \n" % (_("Connecting..."))
                    callback(msg)
                time.sleep(0.1)
        # wait until we are connected, because the user
        # might have selected another server
        if self.network:
            wait_for_network()
            wait_for_wallet()
        else:
            self.synchronize()

    def can_export(self):
        return not self.is_watching_only() and hasattr(self.keystore, 'get_private_key')

    def is_used(self, address):
        h = self.history.get(address,[])
        c, u, x = self.get_addr_balance(address)
        return len(h) > 0 and c + u + x == 0

    def is_empty(self, address):
        c, u, x = self.get_addr_balance(address)
        return c+u+x == 0

    def address_is_old(self, address, age_limit=2):
        age = -1
        h = self.history.get(address, [])
        for tx_hash, tx_height in h:
            if tx_height <= 0:
                tx_age = 0
            else:
                tx_age = self.get_local_height() - tx_height + 1
            if tx_age > age:
                age = tx_age
        return age > age_limit

    def bump_fee(self, tx, delta):
        if tx.is_final():
            raise BaseException(_("Cannot bump fee: transaction is final"))
        inputs = copy.deepcopy(tx.inputs())
        outputs = copy.deepcopy(tx.outputs())
        for txin in inputs:
            txin['signatures'] = [None] * len(txin['signatures'])
            self.add_input_info(txin)
        # use own outputs
        s = list(filter(lambda x: self.is_mine(x[1]), outputs))
        # ... unless there is none
        if not s:
            s = outputs
            x_fee = run_hook('get_tx_extra_fee', self, tx)
            if x_fee:
                x_fee_address, x_fee_amount = x_fee
                s = filter(lambda x: x[1]!=x_fee_address, s)

        # prioritize low value outputs, to get rid of dust
        s = sorted(s, key=lambda x: x[2])
        for o in s:
            i = outputs.index(o)
            otype, address, value = o
            if value - delta >= self.dust_threshold():
                outputs[i] = otype, address, value - delta
                delta = 0
                break
            else:
                del outputs[i]
                delta -= value
                if delta > 0:
                    continue
        if delta > 0:
            raise BaseException(_('Cannot bump fee: could not find suitable outputs'))
        locktime = self.get_local_height()
        tx_new = Transaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime)
        tx_new.BIP_LI01_sort()
        return tx_new

    def cpfp(self, tx, fee):
        txid = tx.txid()
        for i, o in enumerate(tx.outputs()):
            otype, address, value = o
            if otype == TYPE_ADDRESS and self.is_mine(address):
                break
        else:
            return
        coins = self.get_addr_utxo(address)
        item = coins.get(txid+':%d'%i)
        if not item:
            return
        self.add_input_info(item)
        inputs = [item]
        outputs = [(TYPE_ADDRESS, address, value - fee)]
        locktime = self.get_local_height()
        # note: no need to call tx.BIP_LI01_sort() here - single input/output
        return Transaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime)

    def add_input_info(self, txin):
        address = txin['address']
        if self.is_mine(address):
            txin['type'] = self.get_txin_type(address)
            # segwit needs value to sign
            if txin.get('value') is None and Transaction.is_segwit_input(txin):
                received, spent = self.get_addr_io(address)
                item = received.get(txin['prevout_hash']+':%d'%txin['prevout_n'])
                tx_height, value, is_cb = item
                txin['value'] = value
            self.add_input_sig_info(txin, address)

    def can_sign(self, tx):
        if tx.is_complete():
            return False
        for k in self.get_keystores():
            if k.can_sign(tx):
                return True
        return False

    def get_input_tx(self, tx_hash):
        # First look up an input transaction in the wallet where it
        # will likely be.  If co-signing a transaction it may not have
        # all the input txs, in which case we ask the network.
        tx = self.transactions.get(tx_hash)
        if not tx and self.network:
            request = ('blockchain.transaction.get', [tx_hash])
            tx = Transaction(self.network.synchronous_get(request))
        return tx

    def add_hw_info(self, tx):
        # add previous tx for hw wallets
        for txin in tx.inputs():
            tx_hash = txin['prevout_hash']
            txin['prev_tx'] = self.get_input_tx(tx_hash)
        # add output info for hw wallets
        info = {}
        xpubs = self.get_master_public_keys()
        for txout in tx.outputs():
            _type, addr, amount = txout
            if self.is_change(addr):
                index = self.get_address_index(addr)
                pubkeys = self.get_public_keys(addr)
                # sort xpubs using the order of pubkeys
                sorted_pubkeys, sorted_xpubs = zip(*sorted(zip(pubkeys, xpubs)))
                info[addr] = index, sorted_xpubs, self.m if isinstance(self, Multisig_Wallet) else None
        tx.output_info = info

    def sign_transaction(self, tx, password):
        if self.is_watching_only():
            return
        # hardware wallets require extra info
        if any([(isinstance(k, Hardware_KeyStore) and k.can_sign(tx)) for k in self.get_keystores()]):
            self.add_hw_info(tx)
        # sign
        for k in self.get_keystores():
            try:
                if k.can_sign(tx):
                    k.sign_transaction(tx, password)
            except UserCancelled:
                continue

    def get_unused_addresses(self):
        # fixme: use slots from expired requests
        domain = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        return [addr for addr in domain if not self.history.get(addr)
                and addr not in self.receive_requests.keys()]

    def get_unused_address(self):
        addrs = self.get_unused_addresses()
        if addrs:
            return addrs[0]

    def get_receiving_address(self):
        # always return an address
        domain = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        if not domain:
            return
        choice = domain[0]
        for addr in domain:
            if not self.history.get(addr):
                if addr not in self.receive_requests.keys():
                    return addr
                else:
                    choice = addr
        return choice

    def get_payment_status(self, address, amount):
        local_height = self.get_local_height()
        received, sent = self.get_addr_io(address)
        l = []
        for txo, x in received.items():
            h, v, is_cb = x
            txid, n = txo.split(':')
            info = self.verified_tx.get(txid)
            if info:
                tx_height, timestamp, pos = info
                conf = local_height - tx_height
            else:
                conf = 0
            l.append((conf, v))
        vsum = 0
        for conf, v in reversed(sorted(l)):
            vsum += v
            if vsum >= amount:
                return True, conf
        return False, None

    def get_payment_request(self, addr, config):
        r = self.receive_requests.get(addr)
        if not r:
            return
        out = copy.copy(r)
        out['URI'] = 'bitcoin:' + addr + '?amount=' + format_satoshis(out.get('amount'))
        status, conf = self.get_request_status(addr)
        out['status'] = status
        if conf is not None:
            out['confirmations'] = conf
        # check if bip70 file exists
        rdir = config.get('requests_dir')
        if rdir:
            key = out.get('id', addr)
            path = os.path.join(rdir, 'req', key[0], key[1], key)
            if os.path.exists(path):
                baseurl = 'file://' + rdir
                rewrite = config.get('url_rewrite')
                if rewrite:
                    baseurl = baseurl.replace(*rewrite)
                out['request_url'] = os.path.join(baseurl, 'req', key[0], key[1], key, key)
                out['URI'] += '&r=' + out['request_url']
                out['index_url'] = os.path.join(baseurl, 'index.html') + '?id=' + key
                websocket_server_announce = config.get('websocket_server_announce')
                if websocket_server_announce:
                    out['websocket_server'] = websocket_server_announce
                else:
                    out['websocket_server'] = config.get('websocket_server', 'localhost')
                websocket_port_announce = config.get('websocket_port_announce')
                if websocket_port_announce:
                    out['websocket_port'] = websocket_port_announce
                else:
                    out['websocket_port'] = config.get('websocket_port', 9999)
        return out

    def get_request_status(self, key):
        r = self.receive_requests.get(key)
        if r is None:
            return PR_UNKNOWN
        address = r['address']
        amount = r.get('amount')
        timestamp = r.get('time', 0)
        if timestamp and type(timestamp) != int:
            timestamp = 0
        expiration = r.get('exp')
        if expiration and type(expiration) != int:
            expiration = 0
        conf = None
        if amount:
            if self.up_to_date:
                paid, conf = self.get_payment_status(address, amount)
                status = PR_PAID if paid else PR_UNPAID
                if status == PR_UNPAID and expiration is not None and time.time() > timestamp + expiration:
                    status = PR_EXPIRED
            else:
                status = PR_UNKNOWN
        else:
            status = PR_UNKNOWN
        return status, conf

    def make_payment_request(self, addr, amount, message, expiration):
        timestamp = int(time.time())
        _id = bh2u(Hash(addr + "%d"%timestamp))[0:10]
        r = {'time':timestamp, 'amount':amount, 'exp':expiration, 'address':addr, 'memo':message, 'id':_id}
        return r

    def sign_payment_request(self, key, alias, alias_addr, password):
        req = self.receive_requests.get(key)
        alias_privkey = self.export_private_key(alias_addr, password)[0]
        pr = paymentrequest.make_unsigned_request(req)
        paymentrequest.sign_request_with_alias(pr, alias, alias_privkey)
        req['name'] = pr.pki_data
        req['sig'] = bh2u(pr.signature)
        self.receive_requests[key] = req
        self.storage.put('payment_requests', self.receive_requests)

    def add_payment_request(self, req, config):
        addr = req['address']
        amount = req.get('amount')
        message = req.get('memo')
        self.receive_requests[addr] = req
        self.storage.put('payment_requests', self.receive_requests)
        self.set_label(addr, message) # should be a default label

        rdir = config.get('requests_dir')
        if rdir and amount is not None:
            key = req.get('id', addr)
            pr = paymentrequest.make_request(config, req)
            path = os.path.join(rdir, 'req', key[0], key[1], key)
            if not os.path.exists(path):
                try:
                    os.makedirs(path)
                except OSError as exc:
                    if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                        raise
            with open(os.path.join(path, key), 'wb') as f:
                f.write(pr.SerializeToString())
            # reload
            req = self.get_payment_request(addr, config)
            with open(os.path.join(path, key + '.json'), 'w') as f:
                f.write(json.dumps(req))
        return req

    def remove_payment_request(self, addr, config):
        if addr not in self.receive_requests:
            return False
        r = self.receive_requests.pop(addr)
        rdir = config.get('requests_dir')
        if rdir:
            key = r.get('id', addr)
            for s in ['.json', '']:
                n = os.path.join(rdir, 'req', key[0], key[1], key, key + s)
                if os.path.exists(n):
                    os.unlink(n)
        self.storage.put('payment_requests', self.receive_requests)
        return True

    def get_sorted_requests(self, config):
        def f(x):
            try:
                addr = x.get('address')
                return self.get_address_index(addr) or addr
            except:
                return addr
        return sorted(map(lambda x: self.get_payment_request(x, config), self.receive_requests.keys()), key=f)

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def can_import_privkey(self):
        return False

    def can_import_address(self):
        return False

    def can_delete_address(self):
        return False

    def add_address(self, address):
        if address not in self.history:
            self.history[address] = []
        if self.synchronizer:
            self.synchronizer.add(address)

    def has_password(self):
        return self.storage.get('use_encryption', False)

    def check_password(self, password):
        self.keystore.check_password(password)

    def sign_message(self, address, message, password):
        index = self.get_address_index(address)
        return self.keystore.sign_message(index, message, password)

    def decrypt_message(self, pubkey, message, password):
        addr = self.pubkeys_to_address(pubkey)
        index = self.get_address_index(addr)
        return self.keystore.decrypt_message(index, message, password)

    def get_depending_transactions(self, tx_hash):
        """Returns all (grand-)children of tx_hash in this wallet."""
        children = set()
        for other_hash, tx in self.transactions.items():
            for input in (tx.inputs()):
                if input["prevout_hash"] == tx_hash:
                    children.add(other_hash)
                    children |= self.get_depending_transactions(other_hash)
        return children


class Simple_Wallet(Abstract_Wallet):
    # wallet with a single keystore

    def get_keystore(self):
        return self.keystore

    def get_keystores(self):
        return [self.keystore]

    def is_watching_only(self):
        return self.keystore.is_watching_only()

    def can_change_password(self):
        return self.keystore.can_change_password()

    def update_password(self, old_pw, new_pw, encrypt=False):
        if old_pw is None and self.has_password():
            raise InvalidPassword()
        self.keystore.update_password(old_pw, new_pw)
        self.save_keystore()
        self.storage.set_password(new_pw, encrypt)
        self.storage.write()

    def save_keystore(self):
        self.storage.put('keystore', self.keystore.dump())


class Imported_Wallet(Simple_Wallet):
    # wallet made of imported addresses

    wallet_type = 'imported'
    txin_type = 'address'

    def __init__(self, storage):
        Abstract_Wallet.__init__(self, storage)

    def is_watching_only(self):
        return self.keystore is None

    def get_keystores(self):
        return [self.keystore] if self.keystore else []

    def can_import_privkey(self):
        return bool(self.keystore)

    def load_keystore(self):
        self.keystore = load_keystore(self.storage, 'keystore') if self.storage.get('keystore') else None

    def save_keystore(self):
        self.storage.put('keystore', self.keystore.dump())

    def load_addresses(self):
        self.addresses = self.storage.get('addresses', {})
        # fixme: a reference to addresses is needed
        if self.keystore:
            self.keystore.addresses = self.addresses

    def save_addresses(self):
        self.storage.put('addresses', self.addresses)

    def can_change_password(self):
        return not self.is_watching_only()

    def can_import_address(self):
        return self.is_watching_only()

    def can_delete_address(self):
        return True

    def has_seed(self):
        return False

    def is_deterministic(self):
        return False

    def is_change(self, address):
        return False

    def get_master_public_keys(self):
        return []

    def is_beyond_limit(self, address, is_change):
        return False

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        return ''

    def get_addresses(self, include_change=False):
        return sorted(self.addresses.keys())

    def get_receiving_addresses(self):
        return self.get_addresses()

    def get_change_addresses(self):
        return []

    def import_address(self, address):
        if not bitcoin.is_address(address):
            return ''
        if address in self.addresses:
            return ''
        self.addresses[address] = {}
        self.storage.put('addresses', self.addresses)
        self.storage.write()
        self.add_address(address)
        return address

    def delete_address(self, address):
        if address not in self.addresses:
            return

        transactions_to_remove = set()  # only referred to by this address
        transactions_new = set()  # txs that are not only referred to by address
        with self.lock:
            for addr, details in self.history.items():
                if addr == address:
                    for tx_hash, height in details:
                        transactions_to_remove.add(tx_hash)
                else:
                    for tx_hash, height in details:
                        transactions_new.add(tx_hash)
            transactions_to_remove -= transactions_new
            self.history.pop(address, None)

            for tx_hash in transactions_to_remove:
                self.remove_transaction(tx_hash)
                self.tx_fees.pop(tx_hash, None)
                self.verified_tx.pop(tx_hash, None)
                self.unverified_tx.pop(tx_hash, None)
                self.transactions.pop(tx_hash, None)
                # FIXME: what about pruned_txo?

        self.storage.put('verified_tx3', self.verified_tx)
        self.save_transactions()

        self.set_label(address, None)
        self.remove_payment_request(address, {})
        self.set_frozen_state([address], False)

        pubkey = self.get_public_key(address)
        self.addresses.pop(address)
        if pubkey:
            self.keystore.delete_imported_key(pubkey)
            self.save_keystore()
        self.storage.put('addresses', self.addresses)

        self.storage.write()

    def get_address_index(self, address):
        return self.get_public_key(address)

    def get_public_key(self, address):
        return self.addresses[address].get('pubkey')

    def import_private_key(self, sec, pw, redeem_script=None):
        try:
            txin_type, pubkey = self.keystore.import_privkey(sec, pw)
        except Exception:
            raise BaseException('Invalid private key', sec)
        if txin_type in ['p2pkh', 'p2wpkh', 'p2wpkh-p2sh']:
            if redeem_script is not None:
                raise BaseException('Cannot use redeem script with', txin_type, sec)
            addr = bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(txin_type, pubkey)
        elif txin_type in ['p2sh', 'p2wsh', 'p2wsh-p2sh']:
            if redeem_script is None:
                raise BaseException('Redeem script required for', txin_type, sec)
            addr = bitcoin.redeem_script_to_address(txin_type, redeem_script)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(txin_type)
        self.addresses[addr] = {'type':txin_type, 'pubkey':pubkey, 'redeem_script':redeem_script}
        self.save_keystore()
        self.save_addresses()
        self.storage.write()
        self.add_address(addr)
        return addr

    def export_private_key(self, address, password):
        d = self.addresses[address]
        pubkey = d['pubkey']
        redeem_script = d['redeem_script']
        sec = pw_decode(self.keystore.keypairs[pubkey], password)
        return sec, redeem_script

    def get_txin_type(self, address):
        return self.addresses[address].get('type', 'address')

    def add_input_sig_info(self, txin, address):
        if self.is_watching_only():
            x_pubkey = 'fd' + address_to_script(address)
            txin['x_pubkeys'] = [x_pubkey]
            txin['signatures'] = [None]
            return
        if txin['type'] in ['p2pkh', 'p2wpkh', 'p2wpkh-p2sh']:
            pubkey = self.addresses[address]['pubkey']
            txin['num_sig'] = 1
            txin['x_pubkeys'] = [pubkey]
            txin['signatures'] = [None]
        else:
            redeem_script = self.addresses[address]['redeem_script']
            num_sig = 2
            num_keys = 3
            txin['num_sig'] = num_sig
            txin['redeem_script'] = redeem_script
            txin['signatures'] = [None] * num_keys

    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkey):
        for addr, v in self.addresses.items():
            if v.get('pubkey') == pubkey:
                return addr

class Deterministic_Wallet(Abstract_Wallet):

    def __init__(self, storage):
        Abstract_Wallet.__init__(self, storage)
        self.gap_limit = storage.get('gap_limit', 20)

    def has_seed(self):
        return self.keystore.has_seed()

    def is_deterministic(self):
        return self.keystore.is_deterministic()

    def get_receiving_addresses(self):
        return self.receiving_addresses

    def get_change_addresses(self):
        return self.change_addresses

    def get_seed(self, password):
        return self.keystore.get_seed(password)

    def add_seed(self, seed, pw):
        self.keystore.add_seed(seed, pw)

    def change_gap_limit(self, value):
        '''This method is not called in the code, it is kept for console use'''
        if value >= self.gap_limit:
            self.gap_limit = value
            self.storage.put('gap_limit', self.gap_limit)
            return True
        elif value >= self.min_acceptable_gap():
            addresses = self.get_receiving_addresses()
            k = self.num_unused_trailing_addresses(addresses)
            n = len(addresses) - k + value
            self.receiving_addresses = self.receiving_addresses[0:n]
            self.gap_limit = value
            self.storage.put('gap_limit', self.gap_limit)
            self.save_addresses()
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def num_unused_trailing_addresses(self, addresses):
        k = 0
        for a in addresses[::-1]:
            if self.history.get(a):break
            k = k + 1
        return k

    def min_acceptable_gap(self):
        # fixme: this assumes wallet is synchronized
        n = 0
        nmax = 0
        addresses = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        k = self.num_unused_trailing_addresses(addresses)
        for a in addresses[0:-k]:
            if self.history.get(a):
                n = 0
            else:
                n += 1
                if n > nmax: nmax = n
        return nmax + 1

    def create_new_address(self, for_change=False):
        assert type(for_change) is bool
        addr_list = self.change_addresses if for_change else self.receiving_addresses
        n = len(addr_list)
        x = self.derive_pubkeys(for_change, n)
        address = self.pubkeys_to_address(x)
        addr_list.append(address)
        self.save_addresses()
        self.add_address(address)
        return address

    def synchronize_sequence(self, for_change):
        limit = self.gap_limit_for_change if for_change else self.gap_limit
        while True:
            addresses = self.get_change_addresses() if for_change else self.get_receiving_addresses()
            if len(addresses) < limit:
                self.create_new_address(for_change)
                continue
            if list(map(lambda a: self.address_is_old(a), addresses[-limit:] )) == limit*[False]:
                break
            else:
                self.create_new_address(for_change)

    def synchronize(self):
        with self.lock:
            if self.is_deterministic():
                self.synchronize_sequence(False)
                self.synchronize_sequence(True)
            else:
                if len(self.receiving_addresses) != len(self.keystore.keypairs):
                    pubkeys = self.keystore.keypairs.keys()
                    self.receiving_addresses = [self.pubkeys_to_address(i) for i in pubkeys]
                    self.save_addresses()
                    for addr in self.receiving_addresses:
                        self.add_address(addr)

    def is_beyond_limit(self, address, is_change):
        addr_list = self.get_change_addresses() if is_change else self.get_receiving_addresses()
        i = addr_list.index(address)
        prev_addresses = addr_list[:max(0, i)]
        limit = self.gap_limit_for_change if is_change else self.gap_limit
        if len(prev_addresses) < limit:
            return False
        prev_addresses = prev_addresses[max(0, i - limit):]
        for addr in prev_addresses:
            if self.history.get(addr):
                return False
        return True

    def get_master_public_keys(self):
        return [self.get_master_public_key()]

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        return self.get_master_public_key()

    def get_txin_type(self, address):
        return self.txin_type


class Simple_Deterministic_Wallet(Simple_Wallet, Deterministic_Wallet):

    """ Deterministic Wallet with a single pubkey per address """

    def __init__(self, storage):
        Deterministic_Wallet.__init__(self, storage)

    def get_public_key(self, address):
        sequence = self.get_address_index(address)
        pubkey = self.get_pubkey(*sequence)
        return pubkey

    def load_keystore(self):
        self.keystore = load_keystore(self.storage, 'keystore')
        try:
            xtype = bitcoin.xpub_type(self.keystore.xpub)
        except:
            xtype = 'standard'
        self.txin_type = 'p2pkh' if xtype == 'standard' else xtype

    def get_pubkey(self, c, i):
        return self.derive_pubkeys(c, i)

    def get_public_keys(self, address):
        return [self.get_public_key(address)]

    def add_input_sig_info(self, txin, address):
        derivation = self.get_address_index(address)
        x_pubkey = self.keystore.get_xpubkey(*derivation)
        txin['x_pubkeys'] = [x_pubkey]
        txin['signatures'] = [None]
        txin['num_sig'] = 1

    def get_master_public_key(self):
        return self.keystore.get_master_public_key()

    def derive_pubkeys(self, c, i):
        return self.keystore.derive_pubkey(c, i)






class Standard_Wallet(Simple_Deterministic_Wallet):
    wallet_type = 'standard'

    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkey):
        return bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(self.txin_type, pubkey)


class Multisig_Wallet(Deterministic_Wallet):
    # generic m of n
    gap_limit = 20

    def __init__(self, storage):
        self.wallet_type = storage.get('wallet_type')
        self.m, self.n = multisig_type(self.wallet_type)
        Deterministic_Wallet.__init__(self, storage)

    def get_pubkeys(self, c, i):
        return self.derive_pubkeys(c, i)

    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkeys):
        redeem_script = self.pubkeys_to_redeem_script(pubkeys)
        return bitcoin.redeem_script_to_address(self.txin_type, redeem_script)

    def pubkeys_to_redeem_script(self, pubkeys):
        return transaction.multisig_script(sorted(pubkeys), self.m)

    def derive_pubkeys(self, c, i):
        return [k.derive_pubkey(c, i) for k in self.get_keystores()]

    def load_keystore(self):
        self.keystores = {}
        for i in range(self.n):
            name = 'x%d/'%(i+1)
            self.keystores[name] = load_keystore(self.storage, name)
        self.keystore = self.keystores['x1/']
        xtype = bitcoin.xpub_type(self.keystore.xpub)
        self.txin_type = 'p2sh' if xtype == 'standard' else xtype

    def save_keystore(self):
        for name, k in self.keystores.items():
            self.storage.put(name, k.dump())

    def get_keystore(self):
        return self.keystores.get('x1/')

    def get_keystores(self):
        return [self.keystores[i] for i in sorted(self.keystores.keys())]

    def update_password(self, old_pw, new_pw, encrypt=False):
        if old_pw is None and self.has_password():
            raise InvalidPassword()
        for name, keystore in self.keystores.items():
            if keystore.can_change_password():
                keystore.update_password(old_pw, new_pw)
                self.storage.put(name, keystore.dump())
        self.storage.set_password(new_pw, encrypt)
        self.storage.write()

    def has_seed(self):
        return self.keystore.has_seed()

    def can_change_password(self):
        return self.keystore.can_change_password()

    def is_watching_only(self):
        return not any([not k.is_watching_only() for k in self.get_keystores()])

    def get_master_public_key(self):
        return self.keystore.get_master_public_key()

    def get_master_public_keys(self):
        return [k.get_master_public_key() for k in self.get_keystores()]

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        return ''.join(sorted(self.get_master_public_keys()))

    def add_input_sig_info(self, txin, address):
        # x_pubkeys are not sorted here because it would be too slow
        # they are sorted in transaction.get_sorted_pubkeys
        # pubkeys is set to None to signal that x_pubkeys are unsorted
        derivation = self.get_address_index(address)
        txin['x_pubkeys'] = [k.get_xpubkey(*derivation) for k in self.get_keystores()]
        txin['pubkeys'] = None
        # we need n place holders
        txin['signatures'] = [None] * self.n
        txin['num_sig'] = self.m


wallet_types = ['standard', 'multisig', 'imported']

def register_wallet_type(category):
    wallet_types.append(category)

wallet_constructors = {
    'standard': Standard_Wallet,
    'old': Standard_Wallet,
    'xpub': Standard_Wallet,
    'imported': Imported_Wallet
}

def register_constructor(wallet_type, constructor):
    wallet_constructors[wallet_type] = constructor

# former WalletFactory
class Wallet(object):
    """The main wallet "entry point".
    This class is actually a factory that will return a wallet of the correct
    type when passed a WalletStorage instance."""

    def __new__(self, storage):
        wallet_type = storage.get('wallet_type')
        WalletClass = Wallet.wallet_class(wallet_type)
        wallet = WalletClass(storage)
        # Convert hardware wallets restored with older versions of
        # Electrum to BIP44 wallets.  A hardware wallet does not have
        # a seed and plugins do not need to handle having one.
        rwc = getattr(wallet, 'restore_wallet_class', None)
        if rwc and storage.get('seed', ''):
            storage.print_error("converting wallet type to " + rwc.wallet_type)
            storage.put('wallet_type', rwc.wallet_type)
            wallet = rwc(storage)
        return wallet

    @staticmethod
    def wallet_class(wallet_type):
        if multisig_type(wallet_type):
            return Multisig_Wallet
        if wallet_type in wallet_constructors:
            return wallet_constructors[wallet_type]
        raise RuntimeError("Unknown wallet type: " + wallet_type)