wallet.py

# Electrum - lightweight Bitcoin client
# Copyright (C) 2015 Thomas Voegtlin
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

# Wallet classes:
#   - Imported_Wallet: imported addresses or single keys, 0 or 1 keystore
#   - Standard_Wallet: one HD keystore, P2PKH-like scripts
#   - Multisig_Wallet: several HD keystores, M-of-N OP_CHECKMULTISIG scripts

import os
import sys
import random
import time
import json
import copy
import errno
import traceback
import operator
import math
from functools import partial
from collections import defaultdict
from numbers import Number
from decimal import Decimal
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, NamedTuple, Sequence, Dict, Any, Set, Iterable
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
import itertools
import threading
import enum
import asyncio

from aiorpcx import timeout_after, TaskTimeout, ignore_after, run_in_thread

from .i18n import _
from .bip32 import BIP32Node, convert_bip32_intpath_to_strpath, convert_bip32_strpath_to_intpath
from .crypto import sha256
from . import util
from .util import (NotEnoughFunds, UserCancelled, profiler, OldTaskGroup, ignore_exceptions,
                   format_satoshis, format_fee_satoshis, NoDynamicFeeEstimates,
                   WalletFileException, BitcoinException,
                   InvalidPassword, format_time, timestamp_to_datetime, Satoshis,
                   Fiat, bfh, TxMinedInfo, quantize_feerate, OrderedDictWithIndex)
from .simple_config import SimpleConfig, FEE_RATIO_HIGH_WARNING, FEERATE_WARNING_HIGH_FEE
from .bitcoin import COIN, TYPE_ADDRESS
from .bitcoin import is_address, address_to_script, is_minikey, relayfee, dust_threshold
from .bitcoin import DummyAddress, DummyAddressUsedInTxException
from .crypto import sha256d
from . import keystore
from .keystore import (load_keystore, Hardware_KeyStore, KeyStore, KeyStoreWithMPK,
                       AddressIndexGeneric, CannotDerivePubkey)
from .util import multisig_type, parse_max_spend
from .storage import StorageEncryptionVersion, WalletStorage
from .wallet_db import WalletDB
from . import transaction, bitcoin, coinchooser, paymentrequest, ecc, bip32
from .transaction import (Transaction, TxInput, UnknownTxinType, TxOutput,
                          PartialTransaction, PartialTxInput, PartialTxOutput, TxOutpoint, Sighash)
from .plugin import run_hook
from .address_synchronizer import (AddressSynchronizer, TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL,
                                   TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT, TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED, TX_HEIGHT_FUTURE, TX_TIMESTAMP_INF)
from .invoices import BaseInvoice, Invoice, Request
from .invoices import PR_PAID, PR_UNPAID, PR_UNKNOWN, PR_EXPIRED, PR_UNCONFIRMED, PR_INFLIGHT
from .contacts import Contacts
from .interface import NetworkException
from .mnemonic import Mnemonic
from .logging import get_logger, Logger
from .lnworker import LNWallet
from .paymentrequest import PaymentRequest
from .util import read_json_file, write_json_file, UserFacingException, FileImportFailed
from .util import EventListener, event_listener
from . import descriptor
from .descriptor import Descriptor

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from .network import Network
    from .exchange_rate import FxThread


_logger = get_logger(__name__)

TX_STATUS = [
    _('Unconfirmed'),
    _('Unconfirmed parent'),
    _('Not Verified'),
    _('Local'),
]


async def _append_utxos_to_inputs(
    *,
    inputs: List[PartialTxInput],
    network: 'Network',
    script_descriptor: 'descriptor.Descriptor',
    imax: int,
) -> None:
    script = script_descriptor.expand().output_script.hex()
    scripthash = bitcoin.script_to_scripthash(script)

    async def append_single_utxo(item):
        prev_tx_raw = await network.get_transaction(item['tx_hash'])
        prev_tx = Transaction(prev_tx_raw)
        prev_txout = prev_tx.outputs()[item['tx_pos']]
        if scripthash != bitcoin.script_to_scripthash(prev_txout.scriptpubkey.hex()):
            raise Exception('scripthash mismatch when sweeping')
        prevout_str = item['tx_hash'] + ':%d' % item['tx_pos']
        prevout = TxOutpoint.from_str(prevout_str)
        txin = PartialTxInput(prevout=prevout)
        txin.utxo = prev_tx
        txin.block_height = int(item['height'])
        txin.script_descriptor = script_descriptor
        inputs.append(txin)

    u = await network.listunspent_for_scripthash(scripthash)
    async with OldTaskGroup() as group:
        for item in u:
            if len(inputs) >= imax:
                break
            await group.spawn(append_single_utxo(item))


async def sweep_preparations(privkeys, network: 'Network', imax=100):

    async def find_utxos_for_privkey(txin_type, privkey, compressed):
        pubkey = ecc.ECPrivkey(privkey).get_public_key_hex(compressed=compressed)
        desc = descriptor.get_singlesig_descriptor_from_legacy_leaf(pubkey=pubkey, script_type=txin_type)
        await _append_utxos_to_inputs(
            inputs=inputs,
            network=network,
            script_descriptor=desc,
            imax=imax)
        keypairs[pubkey] = privkey, compressed

    inputs = []  # type: List[PartialTxInput]
    keypairs = {}
    async with OldTaskGroup() as group:
        for sec in privkeys:
            txin_type, privkey, compressed = bitcoin.deserialize_privkey(sec)
            await group.spawn(find_utxos_for_privkey(txin_type, privkey, compressed))
            # do other lookups to increase support coverage
            if is_minikey(sec):
                # minikeys don't have a compressed byte
                # we lookup both compressed and uncompressed pubkeys
                await group.spawn(find_utxos_for_privkey(txin_type, privkey, not compressed))
            elif txin_type == 'p2pkh':
                # WIF serialization does not distinguish p2pkh and p2pk
                # we also search for pay-to-pubkey outputs
                await group.spawn(find_utxos_for_privkey('p2pk', privkey, compressed))
    if not inputs:
        raise UserFacingException(_('No inputs found.'))
    return inputs, keypairs


async def sweep(
        privkeys,
        *,
        network: 'Network',
        config: 'SimpleConfig',
        to_address: str,
        fee: int = None,
        imax=100,
        locktime=None,
        tx_version=None) -> PartialTransaction:

    inputs, keypairs = await sweep_preparations(privkeys, network, imax)
    total = sum(txin.value_sats() for txin in inputs)
    if fee is None:
        outputs = [PartialTxOutput(scriptpubkey=bfh(bitcoin.address_to_script(to_address)),
                                   value=total)]
        tx = PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs)
        fee = config.estimate_fee(tx.estimated_size())
    if total - fee < 0:
        raise Exception(_('Not enough funds on address.') + '\nTotal: %d satoshis\nFee: %d'%(total, fee))
    if total - fee < dust_threshold(network):
        raise Exception(_('Not enough funds on address.') + '\nTotal: %d satoshis\nFee: %d\nDust Threshold: %d'%(total, fee, dust_threshold(network)))

    outputs = [PartialTxOutput(scriptpubkey=bfh(bitcoin.address_to_script(to_address)),
                               value=total - fee)]
    if locktime is None:
        locktime = get_locktime_for_new_transaction(network)

    tx = PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime, version=tx_version)
    tx.set_rbf(True)
    tx.sign(keypairs)
    return tx


def get_locktime_for_new_transaction(network: 'Network') -> int:
    # if no network or not up to date, just set locktime to zero
    if not network:
        return 0
    chain = network.blockchain()
    if chain.is_tip_stale():
        return 0
    # figure out current block height
    chain_height = chain.height()  # learnt from all connected servers, SPV-checked
    server_height = network.get_server_height()  # height claimed by main server, unverified
    # note: main server might be lagging (either is slow, is malicious, or there is an SPV-invisible-hard-fork)
    #       - if it's lagging too much, it is the network's job to switch away
    if server_height < chain_height - 10:
        # the diff is suspiciously large... give up and use something non-fingerprintable
        return 0
    # discourage "fee sniping"
    locktime = min(chain_height, server_height)
    # sometimes pick locktime a bit further back, to help privacy
    # of setups that need more time (offline/multisig/coinjoin/...)
    if random.randint(0, 9) == 0:
        locktime = max(0, locktime - random.randint(0, 99))
    locktime = max(0, locktime)
    return locktime


class CannotRBFTx(Exception): pass


class CannotBumpFee(CannotRBFTx):
    def __str__(self):
        return _('Cannot bump fee') + ':\n\n' + Exception.__str__(self)


class CannotDoubleSpendTx(CannotRBFTx):
    def __str__(self):
        return _('Cannot cancel transaction') + ':\n\n' + Exception.__str__(self)


class CannotCPFP(Exception):
    def __str__(self):
        return _('Cannot create child transaction') + ':\n\n' + Exception.__str__(self)


class InternalAddressCorruption(Exception):
    def __str__(self):
        return _("Wallet file corruption detected. "
                 "Please restore your wallet from seed, and compare the addresses in both files")


class TransactionPotentiallyDangerousException(Exception): pass


class TransactionDangerousException(TransactionPotentiallyDangerousException): pass


class TxSighashRiskLevel(enum.IntEnum):
    # higher value -> more risk
    SAFE = 0
    FEE_WARNING_SKIPCONFIRM = 1  # show warning icon (ignored for CLI)
    FEE_WARNING_NEEDCONFIRM = 2  # prompt user for confirmation
    WEIRD_SIGHASH = 3            # prompt user for confirmation
    INSANE_SIGHASH = 4           # reject


class TxSighashDanger:

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        risk_level: TxSighashRiskLevel = TxSighashRiskLevel.SAFE,
        short_message: str = None,
        messages: List[str] = None,
    ):
        self.risk_level = risk_level
        self.short_message = short_message
        self._messages = messages or []

    def needs_confirm(self) -> bool:
        """If True, the user should be prompted for explicit confirmation before signing."""
        return self.risk_level >= TxSighashRiskLevel.FEE_WARNING_NEEDCONFIRM

    def needs_reject(self) -> bool:
        """If True, the transaction should be rejected, i.e. abort signing."""
        return self.risk_level >= TxSighashRiskLevel.INSANE_SIGHASH

    def get_long_message(self) -> str:
        """Returns a description of the potential dangers of signing the tx that can be shown to the user.
        Empty string if there are none.
        """
        if self.short_message:
            header = [self.short_message]
        else:
            header = []
        return "\n".join(header + self._messages)

    def combine(*args: 'TxSighashDanger') -> 'TxSighashDanger':
        max_danger = max(args, key=lambda sighash_danger: sighash_danger.risk_level)  # type: TxSighashDanger
        messages = [msg for sighash_danger in args for msg in sighash_danger._messages]
        return TxSighashDanger(
            risk_level=max_danger.risk_level,
            short_message=max_danger.short_message,
            messages=messages,
        )

    def __repr__(self):
        return (f"<{self.__class__.__name__} risk_level={self.risk_level} "
                f"short_message={self.short_message!r} _messages={self._messages!r}>")


class BumpFeeStrategy(enum.Enum):
    PRESERVE_PAYMENT = enum.auto()
    DECREASE_PAYMENT = enum.auto()

    @classmethod
    def all(cls) -> Sequence['BumpFeeStrategy']:
        return list(BumpFeeStrategy.__members__.values())

    def text(self) -> str:
        if self == self.PRESERVE_PAYMENT:
            return _('Preserve payment')
        elif self == self.DECREASE_PAYMENT:
            return _('Decrease payment')
        else:
            raise Exception(f"unknown strategy: {self=}")


class ReceiveRequestHelp(NamedTuple):
    # help texts (warnings/errors):
    address_help: str
    URI_help: str
    ln_help: str
    # whether the texts correspond to an error (or just a warning):
    address_is_error: bool
    URI_is_error: bool
    ln_is_error: bool

    ln_swap_suggestion: Optional[Any] = None
    ln_rebalance_suggestion: Optional[Any] = None

    def can_swap(self) -> bool:
        return bool(self.ln_swap_suggestion)

    def can_rebalance(self) -> bool:
        return bool(self.ln_rebalance_suggestion)


class TxWalletDelta(NamedTuple):
    is_relevant: bool  # "related to wallet?"
    is_any_input_ismine: bool
    is_all_input_ismine: bool
    delta: int
    fee: Optional[int]

class TxWalletDetails(NamedTuple):
    txid: Optional[str]
    status: str
    label: str
    can_broadcast: bool
    can_bump: bool
    can_cpfp: bool
    can_dscancel: bool  # whether user can double-spend to self
    can_save_as_local: bool
    amount: Optional[int]
    fee: Optional[int]
    tx_mined_status: TxMinedInfo
    mempool_depth_bytes: Optional[int]
    can_remove: bool  # whether user should be allowed to delete tx
    is_lightning_funding_tx: bool
    is_related_to_wallet: bool


class Abstract_Wallet(ABC, Logger, EventListener):
    """
    Wallet classes are created to handle various address generation methods.
    Completion states (watching-only, single account, no seed, etc) are handled inside classes.
    """

    LOGGING_SHORTCUT = 'w'
    max_change_outputs = 3
    gap_limit_for_change = 10

    txin_type: str
    wallet_type: str
    lnworker: Optional['LNWallet']
    network: Optional['Network']

    def __init__(self, db: WalletDB, *, config: SimpleConfig):
        self.config = config
        assert self.config is not None, "config must not be None"
        self.db = db
        self.storage = db.storage  # type: Optional[WalletStorage]
        # load addresses needs to be called before constructor for sanity checks
        db.load_addresses(self.wallet_type)
        self.keystore = None  # type: Optional[KeyStore]  # will be set by load_keystore
        self._password_in_memory = None  # see self.unlock
        Logger.__init__(self)

        self.network = None
        self.adb = AddressSynchronizer(db, config, name=self.diagnostic_name())
        for addr in self.get_addresses():
            self.adb.add_address(addr)
        self.lock = self.adb.lock
        self.transaction_lock = self.adb.transaction_lock
        self._last_full_history = None
        self._tx_parents_cache = {}

        self.taskgroup = OldTaskGroup()

        # saved fields
        self.use_change            = db.get('use_change', True)
        self.multiple_change       = db.get('multiple_change', False)
        self._labels                = db.get_dict('labels')
        self._frozen_addresses      = set(db.get('frozen_addresses', []))
        self._frozen_coins          = db.get_dict('frozen_coins')  # type: Dict[str, bool]
        self.fiat_value            = db.get_dict('fiat_value')
        self._receive_requests      = db.get_dict('payment_requests')  # type: Dict[str, Request]
        self._invoices              = db.get_dict('invoices')  # type: Dict[str, Invoice]
        self._reserved_addresses   = set(db.get('reserved_addresses', []))
        self._num_parents          = db.get_dict('num_parents')

        self._freeze_lock = threading.RLock()  # for mutating/iterating frozen_{addresses,coins}

        self.load_keystore()
        self._init_lnworker()
        self._init_requests_rhash_index()
        self._prepare_onchain_invoice_paid_detection()
        self.calc_unused_change_addresses()
        # save wallet type the first time
        if self.db.get('wallet_type') is None:
            self.db.put('wallet_type', self.wallet_type)
        self.contacts = Contacts(self.db)
        self._coin_price_cache = {}

        # true when synchronized. this is stricter than adb.is_up_to_date():
        # to-be-generated (HD) addresses are also considered here (gap-limit-roll-forward)
        self._up_to_date = False

        self.test_addresses_sanity()
        if self.storage and self.has_storage_encryption():
            if (se := self.storage.get_encryption_version()) != (ae := self.get_available_storage_encryption_version()):
                raise WalletFileException(f"unexpected storage encryption type. found: {se!r}. allowed: {ae!r}")

        self.register_callbacks()

    def _init_lnworker(self):
        self.lnworker = None

    async def main_loop(self):
        self.logger.info("starting taskgroup.")
        try:
            async with self.taskgroup as group:
                await group.spawn(asyncio.Event().wait)  # run forever (until cancel)
                await group.spawn(self.do_synchronize_loop())
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.exception("taskgroup died.")
        finally:
            util.trigger_callback('wallet_updated', self)
            self.logger.info("taskgroup stopped.")

    async def do_synchronize_loop(self):
        """Generates new deterministic addresses if needed (gap limit roll-forward),
        and sets up_to_date.
        """
        while True:
            # polling.
            # TODO if adb had "up_to_date_changed" asyncio.Event(), we could *also* trigger on that.
            #      The polling would still be useful as often need to gen new addrs while adb.is_up_to_date() is False
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            # note: we only generate new HD addresses if the existing ones
            #       have history that are mined and SPV-verified.
            await run_in_thread(self.synchronize)

    def save_db(self):
        if self.db.storage:
            self.db.write()

    def save_backup(self, backup_dir):
        new_path = os.path.join(backup_dir, self.basename() + '.backup')
        new_storage = WalletStorage(new_path)
        new_storage._encryption_version = self.storage._encryption_version
        new_storage.pubkey = self.storage.pubkey

        new_db = WalletDB(self.db.dump(), storage=new_storage, upgrade=True)
        if self.lnworker:
            channel_backups = new_db.get_dict('imported_channel_backups')
            for chan_id, chan in self.lnworker.channels.items():
                channel_backups[chan_id.hex()] = self.lnworker.create_channel_backup(chan_id)
            new_db.put('channels', None)
            new_db.put('lightning_privkey2', None)
        new_db.set_modified(True)
        new_db.write()
        return new_path

    def has_lightning(self) -> bool:
        return bool(self.lnworker)

    def can_have_lightning(self) -> bool:
        # we want static_remotekey to be a wallet address
        return self.txin_type == 'p2wpkh'

    def can_have_deterministic_lightning(self) -> bool:
        if not self.can_have_lightning():
            return False
        if not self.keystore:
            return False
        return self.keystore.can_have_deterministic_lightning_xprv()

    def init_lightning(self, *, password) -> None:
        assert self.can_have_lightning()
        assert self.db.get('lightning_xprv') is None
        assert self.db.get('lightning_privkey2') is None
        if self.can_have_deterministic_lightning():
            assert isinstance(self.keystore, keystore.BIP32_KeyStore)
            ln_xprv = self.keystore.get_lightning_xprv(password)
            self.db.put('lightning_xprv', ln_xprv)
        else:
            seed = os.urandom(32)
            node = BIP32Node.from_rootseed(seed, xtype='standard')
            ln_xprv = node.to_xprv()
            self.db.put('lightning_privkey2', ln_xprv)
        self.lnworker = LNWallet(self, ln_xprv)
        self.save_db()
        if self.network:
            self._start_network_lightning()

    async def stop(self):
        """Stop all networking and save DB to disk."""
        self.unregister_callbacks()
        try:
            async with ignore_after(5):
                if self.network:
                    if self.lnworker:
                        await self.lnworker.stop()
                        self.lnworker = None
                await self.adb.stop()
                await self.taskgroup.cancel_remaining()
        finally:  # even if we get cancelled
            if any([ks.is_requesting_to_be_rewritten_to_wallet_file for ks in self.get_keystores()]):
                self.save_keystore()
            self.save_db()

    def is_up_to_date(self) -> bool:
        if self.taskgroup.joined:  # either stop() was called, or the taskgroup died
            return False
        return self._up_to_date

    def tx_is_related(self, tx):
        is_mine = any([self.is_mine(out.address) for out in tx.outputs()])
        is_mine |= any([self.is_mine(self.adb.get_txin_address(txin)) for txin in tx.inputs()])
        return is_mine

    def clear_tx_parents_cache(self):
        with self.lock, self.transaction_lock:
            self._tx_parents_cache.clear()
            self._num_parents.clear()
            self._last_full_history = None

    @event_listener
    async def on_event_adb_set_up_to_date(self, adb):
        if self.adb != adb:
            return
        num_new_addrs = await run_in_thread(self.synchronize)
        up_to_date = self.adb.is_up_to_date() and num_new_addrs == 0
        with self.lock:
            status_changed = self._up_to_date != up_to_date
            self._up_to_date = up_to_date
        if up_to_date:
            self.adb.reset_netrequest_counters()  # sync progress indicator
            self.save_db()
        # fire triggers
        if status_changed or up_to_date:  # suppress False->False transition, as it is spammy
            util.trigger_callback('wallet_updated', self)
            util.trigger_callback('status')
        if status_changed:
            self.logger.info(f'set_up_to_date: {up_to_date}')

    @event_listener
    def on_event_adb_added_tx(self, adb, tx_hash: str, tx: Transaction):
        if self.adb != adb:
            return
        if not self.tx_is_related(tx):
            return
        self.clear_tx_parents_cache()
        if self.lnworker:
            self.lnworker.maybe_add_backup_from_tx(tx)
        self._update_invoices_and_reqs_touched_by_tx(tx_hash)
        util.trigger_callback('new_transaction', self, tx)

    @event_listener
    def on_event_adb_removed_tx(self, adb, txid: str, tx: Transaction):
        if self.adb != adb:
            return
        if not self.tx_is_related(tx):
            return
        self.clear_tx_parents_cache()
        util.trigger_callback('removed_transaction', self, tx)

    @event_listener
    def on_event_adb_added_verified_tx(self, adb, tx_hash):
        if adb != self.adb:
            return
        self._update_invoices_and_reqs_touched_by_tx(tx_hash)
        tx_mined_status = self.adb.get_tx_height(tx_hash)
        util.trigger_callback('verified', self, tx_hash, tx_mined_status)

    @event_listener
    def on_event_adb_removed_verified_tx(self, adb, tx_hash):
        if adb != self.adb:
            return
        self._update_invoices_and_reqs_touched_by_tx(tx_hash)

    def clear_history(self):
        self.adb.clear_history()
        self.save_db()

    def start_network(self, network: 'Network'):
        assert self.network is None, "already started"
        self.network = network
        if network:
            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.main_loop(), self.network.asyncio_loop)
            self.adb.start_network(network)
            if self.lnworker:
                self._start_network_lightning()

    def _start_network_lightning(self):
        assert self.lnworker
        assert self.lnworker.network is None, 'lnworker network already initialized'
        self.lnworker.start_network(self.network)
        # only start gossiping when we already have channels
        if self.db.get('channels'):
            self.network.start_gossip()

    @abstractmethod
    def load_keystore(self) -> None:
        pass

    def diagnostic_name(self):
        return self.basename()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.basename()

    def get_master_public_key(self):
        return None

    def get_master_public_keys(self):
        return []

    def basename(self) -> str:
        return self.storage.basename() if self.storage else 'no_name'

    def test_addresses_sanity(self) -> None:
        addrs = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        if len(addrs) > 0:
            addr = str(addrs[0])
            if not bitcoin.is_address(addr):
                neutered_addr = addr[:5] + '..' + addr[-2:]
                raise WalletFileException(f'The addresses in this wallet are not bitcoin addresses.\n'
                                          f'e.g. {neutered_addr} (length: {len(addr)})')

    def check_returned_address_for_corruption(func):
        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
            addr = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
            self.check_address_for_corruption(addr)
            return addr
        return wrapper

    def calc_unused_change_addresses(self) -> Sequence[str]:
        """Returns a list of change addresses to choose from, for usage in e.g. new transactions.
        The caller should give priority to earlier ones in the list.
        """
        with self.lock:
            # We want a list of unused change addresses.
            # As a performance optimisation, to avoid checking all addresses every time,
            # we maintain a list of "not old" addresses ("old" addresses have deeply confirmed history),
            # and only check those.
            if not hasattr(self, '_not_old_change_addresses'):
                self._not_old_change_addresses = self.get_change_addresses()
            self._not_old_change_addresses = [addr for addr in self._not_old_change_addresses
                                              if not self.adb.address_is_old(addr)]
            unused_addrs = [addr for addr in self._not_old_change_addresses
                            if not self.adb.is_used(addr) and not self.is_address_reserved(addr)]
            return unused_addrs

    def is_deterministic(self) -> bool:
        return self.keystore.is_deterministic()

    def _set_label(self, key: str, value: Optional[str]) -> None:
        with self.lock:
            if value is None:
                self._labels.pop(key, None)
            else:
                self._labels[key] = value

    def set_label(self, name: str, text: str = None) -> bool:
        if not name:
            return False
        changed = False
        with self.lock:
            old_text = self._labels.get(name)
            if text:
                text = text.replace("\n", " ")
                if old_text != text:
                    self._labels[name] = text
                    changed = True
            else:
                if old_text is not None:
                    self._labels.pop(name)
                    changed = True
        if changed:
            run_hook('set_label', self, name, text)
        return changed

    def import_labels(self, path):
        data = read_json_file(path)
        for key, value in data.items():
            self.set_label(key, value)

    def export_labels(self, path):
        write_json_file(path, self.get_all_labels())

    def set_fiat_value(self, txid, ccy, text, fx, value_sat):
        if not self.db.get_transaction(txid):
            return
        # since fx is inserting the thousands separator,
        # and not util, also have fx remove it
        text = fx.remove_thousands_separator(text)
        def_fiat = self.default_fiat_value(txid, fx, value_sat)
        formatted = fx.ccy_amount_str(def_fiat, add_thousands_sep=False)
        def_fiat_rounded = Decimal(formatted)
        reset = not text
        if not reset:
            try:
                text_dec = Decimal(text)
                text_dec_rounded = Decimal(fx.ccy_amount_str(text_dec, add_thousands_sep=False))
                reset = text_dec_rounded == def_fiat_rounded
            except Exception:
                # garbage. not resetting, but not saving either
                return False
        if reset:
            d = self.fiat_value.get(ccy, {})
            if d and txid in d:
                d.pop(txid)
            else:
                # avoid saving empty dict
                return True
        else:
            if ccy not in self.fiat_value:
                self.fiat_value[ccy] = {}
            self.fiat_value[ccy][txid] = text
        return reset

    def get_fiat_value(self, txid, ccy):
        fiat_value = self.fiat_value.get(ccy, {}).get(txid)
        try:
            return Decimal(fiat_value)
        except Exception:
            return

    def is_mine(self, address) -> bool:
        if not address: return False
        return bool(self.get_address_index(address))

    def is_change(self, address) -> bool:
        if not self.is_mine(address):
            return False
        return self.get_address_index(address)[0] == 1

    @abstractmethod
    def get_addresses(self) -> Sequence[str]:
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_address_index(self, address: str) -> Optional[AddressIndexGeneric]:
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_address_path_str(self, address: str) -> Optional[str]:
        """Returns derivation path str such as "m/0/5" to address,
        or None if not applicable.
        """
        pass

    def get_redeem_script(self, address: str) -> Optional[str]:
        desc = self.get_script_descriptor_for_address(address)
        if desc is None: return None
        redeem_script = desc.expand().redeem_script
        if redeem_script:
            return redeem_script.hex()

    def get_witness_script(self, address: str) -> Optional[str]:
        desc = self.get_script_descriptor_for_address(address)
        if desc is None: return None
        witness_script = desc.expand().witness_script
        if witness_script:
            return witness_script.hex()

    @abstractmethod
    def get_txin_type(self, address: str) -> str:
        """Return script type of wallet address."""
        pass

    def export_private_key(self, address: str, password: Optional[str]) -> str:
        if self.is_watching_only():
            raise UserFacingException(_("This is a watching-only wallet"))
        if not is_address(address):
            raise UserFacingException(_('Invalid bitcoin address: {}').format(address))
        if not self.is_mine(address):
            raise UserFacingException(_('Address not in wallet: {}').format(address))
        index = self.get_address_index(address)
        pk, compressed = self.keystore.get_private_key(index, password)
        txin_type = self.get_txin_type(address)
        serialized_privkey = bitcoin.serialize_privkey(pk, compressed, txin_type)
        return serialized_privkey

    def export_private_key_for_path(self, path: Union[Sequence[int], str], password: Optional[str]) -> str:
        raise UserFacingException("this wallet is not deterministic")

    @abstractmethod
    def get_public_keys(self, address: str) -> Sequence[str]:
        pass

    def get_public_keys_with_deriv_info(self, address: str) -> Dict[bytes, Tuple[KeyStoreWithMPK, Sequence[int]]]:
        """Returns a map: pubkey -> (keystore, derivation_suffix)"""
        return {}

    def is_lightning_funding_tx(self, txid: Optional[str]) -> bool:
        if not self.lnworker or txid is None:
            return False
        if any([chan.funding_outpoint.txid == txid
                for chan in self.lnworker.channels.values()]):
            return True
        if any([chan.funding_outpoint.txid == txid
                for chan in self.lnworker.channel_backups.values()]):
            return True
        return False

    def get_swap_by_claim_tx(self, tx: Transaction) -> bool:
        return self.lnworker.swap_manager.get_swap_by_claim_tx(tx) if self.lnworker else None

    def get_swap_by_funding_tx(self, tx: Transaction) -> bool:
        return bool(self.lnworker.swap_manager.get_swap_by_funding_tx(tx)) if self.lnworker else None

    def get_wallet_delta(self, tx: Transaction) -> TxWalletDelta:
        """Return the effect a transaction has on the wallet.
        This method must use self.is_mine, not self.adb.is_mine()
        """
        is_relevant = False  # "related to wallet?"
        num_input_ismine = 0
        v_in = v_in_mine = v_out = v_out_mine = 0
        with self.lock, self.transaction_lock:
            for txin in tx.inputs():
                addr = self.adb.get_txin_address(txin)
                value = self.adb.get_txin_value(txin, address=addr)
                if self.is_mine(addr):
                    num_input_ismine += 1
                    is_relevant = True
                    assert value is not None
                    v_in_mine += value
                if value is None:
                    v_in = None
                elif v_in is not None:
                    v_in += value
            for txout in tx.outputs():
                v_out += txout.value
                if self.is_mine(txout.address):
                    v_out_mine += txout.value
                    is_relevant = True
        delta = v_out_mine - v_in_mine
        if v_in is not None:
            fee = v_in - v_out
        else:
            fee = None
        if fee is None and isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction):
            fee = tx.get_fee()
        return TxWalletDelta(
            is_relevant=is_relevant,
            is_any_input_ismine=num_input_ismine > 0,
            is_all_input_ismine=num_input_ismine == len(tx.inputs()),
            delta=delta,
            fee=fee,
        )

    def get_tx_info(self, tx: Transaction) -> TxWalletDetails:
        tx_wallet_delta = self.get_wallet_delta(tx)
        is_relevant = tx_wallet_delta.is_relevant
        is_any_input_ismine = tx_wallet_delta.is_any_input_ismine
        is_swap = bool(self.get_swap_by_claim_tx(tx))
        fee = tx_wallet_delta.fee
        exp_n = None
        can_broadcast = False
        can_bump = False
        can_cpfp = False
        tx_hash = tx.txid()  # note: txid can be None! e.g. when called from GUI tx dialog
        is_lightning_funding_tx = self.is_lightning_funding_tx(tx_hash)
        tx_we_already_have_in_db = self.adb.db.get_transaction(tx_hash)
        can_save_as_local = (is_relevant and tx.txid() is not None
                             and (tx_we_already_have_in_db is None or not tx_we_already_have_in_db.is_complete()))
        label = ''
        tx_mined_status = self.adb.get_tx_height(tx_hash)
        can_remove = ((tx_mined_status.height in [TX_HEIGHT_FUTURE, TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL])
                      # otherwise 'height' is unreliable (typically LOCAL):
                      and is_relevant
                      # don't offer during common signing flow, e.g. when watch-only wallet starts creating a tx:
                      and bool(tx_we_already_have_in_db))
        can_dscancel = False
        if tx.is_complete():
            if tx_we_already_have_in_db:
                label = self.get_label_for_txid(tx_hash)
                if tx_mined_status.height > 0:
                    if tx_mined_status.conf:
                        status = _("{} confirmations").format(tx_mined_status.conf)
                    else:
                        status = _('Not verified')
                elif tx_mined_status.height in (TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT, TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED):
                    status = _('Unconfirmed')
                    if fee is None:
                        fee = self.adb.get_tx_fee(tx_hash)
                    if fee and self.network and self.config.has_fee_mempool():
                        size = tx.estimated_size()
                        fee_per_byte = fee / size
                        exp_n = self.config.fee_to_depth(fee_per_byte)
                    can_bump = (is_any_input_ismine or is_swap) and tx.is_rbf_enabled()
                    can_dscancel = (is_any_input_ismine and tx.is_rbf_enabled()
                                    and not all([self.is_mine(txout.address) for txout in tx.outputs()]))
                    try:
                        self.cpfp(tx, 0)
                        can_cpfp = True
                    except Exception:
                        can_cpfp = False
                else:
                    status = _('Local')
                    if tx_mined_status.height == TX_HEIGHT_FUTURE:
                        num_blocks_remainining = tx_mined_status.wanted_height - self.adb.get_local_height()
                        num_blocks_remainining = max(0, num_blocks_remainining)
                        status = _('Local (future: {})').format(_('in {} blocks').format(num_blocks_remainining))
                    can_broadcast = self.network is not None
                    can_bump = (is_any_input_ismine or is_swap) and tx.is_rbf_enabled()
            else:
                status = _("Signed")
                can_broadcast = self.network is not None
        else:
            assert isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction)
            s, r = tx.signature_count()
            status = _("Unsigned") if s == 0 else _('Partially signed') + ' (%d/%d)'%(s,r)

        if is_relevant:
            if tx_wallet_delta.is_all_input_ismine:
                assert fee is not None
                amount = tx_wallet_delta.delta + fee
            else:
                amount = tx_wallet_delta.delta
        else:
            amount = None

        if is_lightning_funding_tx:
            can_bump = False  # would change txid

        return TxWalletDetails(
            txid=tx_hash,
            status=status,
            label=label,
            can_broadcast=can_broadcast,
            can_bump=can_bump,
            can_cpfp=can_cpfp,
            can_dscancel=can_dscancel,
            can_save_as_local=can_save_as_local,
            amount=amount,
            fee=fee,
            tx_mined_status=tx_mined_status,
            mempool_depth_bytes=exp_n,
            can_remove=can_remove,
            is_lightning_funding_tx=is_lightning_funding_tx,
            is_related_to_wallet=is_relevant,
        )

    def get_num_parents(self, txid: str) -> Optional[int]:
        if not self.is_up_to_date():
            return
        if txid not in self._num_parents:
            self._num_parents[txid] = len(self.get_tx_parents(txid))
        return self._num_parents[txid]

    def get_tx_parents(self, txid: str) -> Dict[str, Tuple[List[str], List[str]]]:
        """
        returns a flat dict:
        txid -> list of parent txids
        """
        with self.lock, self.transaction_lock:
            if self._last_full_history is None:
                self._last_full_history = self.get_full_history(None, include_lightning=False)
                # populate cache in chronological order (confirmed tx only)
                # todo: get_full_history should return unconfirmed tx topologically sorted
                for _txid, tx_item in self._last_full_history.items():
                    if tx_item['height'] > 0:
                        self.get_tx_parents(_txid)

            result = self._tx_parents_cache.get(txid, None)
            if result is not None:
                return result
            result = {}   # type: Dict[str, Tuple[List[str], List[str]]]
            parents = []  # type: List[str]
            uncles = []   # type: List[str]
            tx = self.adb.get_transaction(txid)
            assert tx, f"cannot find {txid} in db"
            for i, txin in enumerate(tx.inputs()):
                _txid = txin.prevout.txid.hex()
                parents.append(_txid)
                # detect address reuse
                addr = self.adb.get_txin_address(txin)
                if addr is None:
                    continue
                received, sent = self.adb.get_addr_io(addr)
                if len(sent) > 1:
                    my_txid, my_height, my_pos = sent[txin.prevout.to_str()]
                    assert my_txid == txid
                    for k, v in sent.items():
                        if k != txin.prevout.to_str():
                            reuse_txid, reuse_height, reuse_pos = v
                            if reuse_height <= 0:  # exclude not-yet-mined (we need topological ordering)
                                continue
                            if (reuse_height, reuse_pos) < (my_height, my_pos):
                                uncle_txid, uncle_index = k.split(':')
                                uncles.append(uncle_txid)

            for _txid in parents + uncles:
                if _txid in self._last_full_history.keys():
                    result.update(self.get_tx_parents(_txid))
            result[txid] = parents, uncles
            self._tx_parents_cache[txid] = result
            return result

    def get_balance(self, **kwargs):
        domain = self.get_addresses()
        return self.adb.get_balance(domain, **kwargs)

    def get_addr_balance(self, address):
        return self.adb.get_balance([address])

    def get_utxos(
            self,
            domain: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
            **kwargs,
    ):
        if domain is None:
            domain = self.get_addresses()
        return self.adb.get_utxos(domain=domain, **kwargs)

    def get_spendable_coins(
            self,
            domain: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
            *,
            nonlocal_only: bool = False,
            confirmed_only: bool = None,
    ) -> Sequence[PartialTxInput]:
        with self._freeze_lock:
            frozen_addresses = self._frozen_addresses.copy()
        if confirmed_only is None:
            confirmed_only = self.config.WALLET_SPEND_CONFIRMED_ONLY
        utxos = self.get_utxos(
            domain=domain,
            excluded_addresses=frozen_addresses,
            mature_only=True,
            confirmed_funding_only=confirmed_only,
            nonlocal_only=nonlocal_only,
        )
        utxos = [utxo for utxo in utxos if not self.is_frozen_coin(utxo)]
        return utxos

    @abstractmethod
    def get_receiving_addresses(self, *, slice_start=None, slice_stop=None) -> Sequence[str]:
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_change_addresses(self, *, slice_start=None, slice_stop=None) -> Sequence[str]:
        pass

    def dummy_address(self):
        # first receiving address
        return self.get_receiving_addresses(slice_start=0, slice_stop=1)[0]

    def get_frozen_balance(self):
        with self._freeze_lock:
            frozen_addresses = self._frozen_addresses.copy()
        # note: for coins, use is_frozen_coin instead of _frozen_coins,
        #       as latter only contains *manually* frozen ones
        frozen_coins = {utxo.prevout.to_str() for utxo in self.get_utxos()
                        if self.is_frozen_coin(utxo)}
        if not frozen_coins:  # shortcut
            return self.adb.get_balance(frozen_addresses)
        c1, u1, x1 = self.get_balance()
        c2, u2, x2 = self.get_balance(
            excluded_addresses=frozen_addresses,
            excluded_coins=frozen_coins,
        )
        return c1-c2, u1-u2, x1-x2

    def get_balances_for_piechart(self):
        # return only positive values
        # todo: add lightning frozen
        c, u, x = self.get_balance()
        fc, fu, fx = self.get_frozen_balance()
        lightning = self.lnworker.get_balance() if self.has_lightning() else 0
        f_lightning = self.lnworker.get_balance(frozen=True) if self.has_lightning() else 0
        # subtract frozen funds
        cc = c - fc
        uu = u - fu
        xx = x - fx
        frozen = fc + fu + fx
        return cc, uu, xx, frozen, lightning - f_lightning, f_lightning

    def balance_at_timestamp(self, domain, target_timestamp):
        # we assume that get_history returns items ordered by block height
        # we also assume that block timestamps are monotonic (which is false...!)
        h = self.adb.get_history(domain=domain)
        balance = 0
        for hist_item in h:
            balance = hist_item.balance
            if hist_item.tx_mined_status.timestamp is None or hist_item.tx_mined_status.timestamp > target_timestamp:
                return balance - hist_item.delta
        # return last balance
        return balance

    def get_onchain_history(self, *, domain=None):
        if domain is None:
            domain = self.get_addresses()
        monotonic_timestamp = 0
        for hist_item in self.adb.get_history(domain=domain):
            monotonic_timestamp = max(monotonic_timestamp, (hist_item.tx_mined_status.timestamp or TX_TIMESTAMP_INF))
            d = {
                'txid': hist_item.txid,
                'fee_sat': hist_item.fee,
                'height': hist_item.tx_mined_status.height,
                'confirmations': hist_item.tx_mined_status.conf,
                'timestamp': hist_item.tx_mined_status.timestamp,
                'monotonic_timestamp': monotonic_timestamp,
                'incoming': True if hist_item.delta>0 else False,
                'bc_value': Satoshis(hist_item.delta),
                'bc_balance': Satoshis(hist_item.balance),
                'date': timestamp_to_datetime(hist_item.tx_mined_status.timestamp),
                'label': self.get_label_for_txid(hist_item.txid),
                'txpos_in_block': hist_item.tx_mined_status.txpos,
            }
            if wanted_height := hist_item.tx_mined_status.wanted_height:
                d['wanted_height'] = wanted_height
            yield d

    def create_invoice(self, *, outputs: List[PartialTxOutput], message, pr, URI) -> Invoice:
        height = self.adb.get_local_height()
        if pr:
            return Invoice.from_bip70_payreq(pr, height=height)
        amount_msat = 0
        for x in outputs:
            if parse_max_spend(x.value):
                amount_msat = '!'
                break
            else:
                assert isinstance(x.value, int), f"{x.value!r}"
                amount_msat += x.value * 1000
        timestamp = None
        exp = None
        if URI:
            timestamp = URI.get('time')
            exp = URI.get('exp')
        timestamp = timestamp or int(Invoice._get_cur_time())
        exp = exp or 0
        invoice = Invoice(
            amount_msat=amount_msat,
            message=message,
            time=timestamp,
            exp=exp,
            outputs=outputs,
            bip70=None,
            height=height,
            lightning_invoice=None,
        )
        return invoice

    def save_invoice(self, invoice: Invoice, *, write_to_disk: bool = True) -> None:
        key = invoice.get_id()
        if not invoice.is_lightning():
            if self.is_onchain_invoice_paid(invoice)[0]:
                _logger.info("saving invoice... but it is already paid!")
            with self.transaction_lock:
                for txout in invoice.get_outputs():
                    self._invoices_from_scriptpubkey_map[txout.scriptpubkey].add(key)
        self._invoices[key] = invoice
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()

    def clear_invoices(self):
        self._invoices.clear()
        self.save_db()

    def clear_requests(self):
        self._receive_requests.clear()
        self._requests_addr_to_key.clear()
        self.save_db()

    def get_invoices(self) -> List[Invoice]:
        out = list(self._invoices.values())
        out.sort(key=lambda x:x.time)
        return out

    def get_unpaid_invoices(self) -> List[Invoice]:
        invoices = self.get_invoices()
        return [x for x in invoices if self.get_invoice_status(x) != PR_PAID]

    def get_invoice(self, invoice_id):
        return self._invoices.get(invoice_id)

    def import_requests(self, path):
        data = read_json_file(path)
        for x in data:
            try:
                req = Request(**x)
            except Exception:
                raise FileImportFailed(_("Invalid invoice format"))
            self.add_payment_request(req, write_to_disk=False)
        self.save_db()

    def export_requests(self, path):
        # note: this does not export preimages for LN bolt11 invoices
        write_json_file(path, list(self._receive_requests.values()))

    def import_invoices(self, path):
        data = read_json_file(path)
        for x in data:
            try:
                invoice = Invoice(**x)
            except Exception:
                raise FileImportFailed(_("Invalid invoice format"))
            self.save_invoice(invoice, write_to_disk=False)
        self.save_db()

    def export_invoices(self, path):
        write_json_file(path, list(self._invoices.values()))

    def get_relevant_invoices_for_tx(self, tx_hash: Optional[str]) -> Sequence[Invoice]:
        if not tx_hash:
            return []
        invoice_keys = self._invoices_from_txid_map.get(tx_hash, set())
        invoices = [self.get_invoice(key) for key in invoice_keys]
        invoices = [inv for inv in invoices if inv]  # filter out None
        for inv in invoices:
            assert isinstance(inv, Invoice), f"unexpected type {type(inv)}"
        return invoices

    def _init_requests_rhash_index(self):
        # self._requests_addr_to_key may contain addresses that can be reused
        # this is checked in get_request_by_address
        self._requests_addr_to_key = defaultdict(set)  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
        for req in self._receive_requests.values():
            if addr := req.get_address():
                self._requests_addr_to_key[addr].add(req.get_id())

    def _prepare_onchain_invoice_paid_detection(self):
        self._invoices_from_txid_map = defaultdict(set)  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
        self._invoices_from_scriptpubkey_map = defaultdict(set)  # type: Dict[bytes, Set[str]]
        self._update_onchain_invoice_paid_detection(self._invoices.keys())

    def _update_onchain_invoice_paid_detection(self, invoice_keys: Iterable[str]) -> None:
        for invoice_key in invoice_keys:
            invoice = self._invoices.get(invoice_key)
            if not invoice:
                continue
            if invoice.is_lightning() and not invoice.get_address():
                continue
            if invoice.is_lightning() and self.lnworker and self.lnworker.get_invoice_status(invoice) == PR_PAID:
                continue
            is_paid, conf_needed, relevant_txs = self._is_onchain_invoice_paid(invoice)
            if is_paid:
                for txid in relevant_txs:
                    self._invoices_from_txid_map[txid].add(invoice_key)
            for txout in invoice.get_outputs():
                self._invoices_from_scriptpubkey_map[txout.scriptpubkey].add(invoice_key)
            # update invoice status
            status = self.get_invoice_status(invoice)
            util.trigger_callback('invoice_status', self, invoice_key, status)

    def _is_onchain_invoice_paid(self, invoice: BaseInvoice) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[int], Sequence[str]]:
        """Returns whether on-chain invoice/request is satisfied, num confs required txs have,
        and list of relevant TXIDs.
        """
        outputs = invoice.get_outputs()
        if not outputs:  # e.g. lightning-only
            return False, None, []
        invoice_amounts = defaultdict(int)  # type: Dict[bytes, int]  # scriptpubkey -> value_sats
        for txo in outputs:  # type: PartialTxOutput
            invoice_amounts[txo.scriptpubkey] += 1 if parse_max_spend(txo.value) else txo.value
        relevant_txs = set()
        is_paid = True
        conf_needed = None  # type: Optional[int]
        with self.lock, self.transaction_lock:
            for invoice_scriptpubkey, invoice_amt in invoice_amounts.items():
                scripthash = bitcoin.script_to_scripthash(invoice_scriptpubkey.hex())
                prevouts_and_values = self.db.get_prevouts_by_scripthash(scripthash)
                confs_and_values = []
                for prevout, v in prevouts_and_values:
                    relevant_txs.add(prevout.txid.hex())
                    tx_height = self.adb.get_tx_height(prevout.txid.hex())
                    if 0 < tx_height.height <= invoice.height:  # exclude txs older than invoice
                        continue
                    confs_and_values.append((tx_height.conf or 0, v))
                # check that there is at least one TXO, and that they pay enough.
                # note: "at least one TXO" check is needed for zero amount invoice (e.g. OP_RETURN)
                vsum = 0
                for conf, v in reversed(sorted(confs_and_values)):
                    vsum += v
                    if vsum >= invoice_amt:
                        conf_needed = min(conf_needed, conf) if conf_needed is not None else conf
                        break
                else:
                    is_paid = False
        return is_paid, conf_needed, list(relevant_txs)

    def is_onchain_invoice_paid(self, invoice: BaseInvoice) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[int]]:
        is_paid, conf_needed, relevant_txs = self._is_onchain_invoice_paid(invoice)
        return is_paid, conf_needed

    @profiler
    def get_full_history(self, fx=None, *, onchain_domain=None, include_lightning=True, include_fiat=False):
        transactions_tmp = OrderedDictWithIndex()
        # add on-chain txns
        onchain_history = self.get_onchain_history(domain=onchain_domain)
        for tx_item in onchain_history:
            txid = tx_item['txid']
            transactions_tmp[txid] = tx_item
        # add lnworker onchain transactions to transactions_tmp
        # add group_id to tx that are in a group
        lnworker_history = self.lnworker.get_onchain_history() if self.lnworker and include_lightning else {}
        for txid, item in lnworker_history.items():
            if txid in transactions_tmp:
                tx_item = transactions_tmp[txid]
                tx_item['group_id'] = item.get('group_id')  # for swaps
                tx_item['label'] = item['label']
                tx_item['type'] = item['type']
                ln_value = Decimal(item['amount_msat']) / 1000   # for channel open/close tx
                tx_item['ln_value'] = Satoshis(ln_value)
                if channel_id := item.get('channel_id'):
                    tx_item['channel_id'] = channel_id
            else:
                if item['type'] == 'swap':
                    # swap items do not have all the fields. We can skip skip them
                    # because they will eventually be in onchain_history
                    # TODO: use attr.s objects instead of dicts
                    continue
                transactions_tmp[txid] = item
                ln_value = Decimal(item['amount_msat']) / 1000   # for channel open/close tx
                item['ln_value'] = Satoshis(ln_value)
        # add lightning_transactions
        lightning_history = self.lnworker.get_lightning_history() if self.lnworker and include_lightning else {}
        for tx_item in lightning_history.values():
            txid = tx_item.get('txid')
            ln_value = Decimal(tx_item['amount_msat']) / 1000
            tx_item['lightning'] = True
            tx_item['ln_value'] = Satoshis(ln_value)
            key = tx_item.get('txid') or tx_item['payment_hash']
            transactions_tmp[key] = tx_item
        # sort on-chain and LN stuff into new dict, by timestamp
        # (we rely on this being a *stable* sort)
        def sort_key(x):
            txid, tx_item = x
            ts = tx_item.get('monotonic_timestamp') or tx_item.get('timestamp') or float('inf')
            height = self.adb.tx_height_to_sort_height(tx_item.get('height'))
            return ts, height
        # create groups
        transactions = OrderedDictWithIndex()
        for k, tx_item in sorted(list(transactions_tmp.items()), key=sort_key):
            group_id = tx_item.get('group_id')
            if not group_id:
                transactions[k] = tx_item
            else:
                key = 'group:' + group_id
                parent = transactions.get(key)
                label = self.get_label_for_txid(group_id)
                if parent is None:
                    parent = {
                        'label': label,
                        'fiat_value': Fiat(Decimal(0), fx.ccy) if fx else None,
                        'bc_value': Satoshis(0),
                        'ln_value': Satoshis(0),
                        'value': Satoshis(0),
                        'children': [],
                        'timestamp': 0,
                        'fee_sat': 0,
                    }
                    transactions[key] = parent
                if 'bc_value' in tx_item:
                    parent['bc_value'] += tx_item['bc_value']
                if 'ln_value' in tx_item:
                    parent['ln_value'] += tx_item['ln_value']
                parent['value'] = parent['bc_value'] + parent['ln_value']
                if 'fiat_value' in tx_item:
                    parent['fiat_value'] += tx_item['fiat_value']
                if tx_item.get('txid') == group_id:
                    parent['lightning'] = False
                    parent['txid'] = tx_item['txid']
                    parent['timestamp'] = tx_item['timestamp']
                    parent['height'] = tx_item['height']
                    parent['confirmations'] = tx_item['confirmations']
                parent['children'].append(tx_item)

        now = time.time()
        for key, item in transactions.items():
            children = item.get('children', [])
            if len(children) == 1:
                transactions[key] = children[0]
            # add on-chain and lightning values
            # note: 'value' has msat precision (as LN has msat precision)
            item['value'] = item.get('bc_value', Satoshis(0)) + item.get('ln_value', Satoshis(0))
            for child in item.get('children', []):
                child['value'] = child.get('bc_value', Satoshis(0)) + child.get('ln_value', Satoshis(0))
            if include_fiat:
                value = item['value'].value
                txid = item.get('txid')
                if not item.get('lightning') and txid:
                    fiat_fields = self.get_tx_item_fiat(tx_hash=txid, amount_sat=value, fx=fx, tx_fee=item['fee_sat'])
                    item.update(fiat_fields)
                else:
                    timestamp = item['timestamp'] or now
                    fiat_value = value / Decimal(bitcoin.COIN) * fx.timestamp_rate(timestamp)
                    item['fiat_value'] = Fiat(fiat_value, fx.ccy)
                    item['fiat_default'] = True
        return transactions

    @profiler
    def get_detailed_history(
            self,
            from_timestamp=None,
            to_timestamp=None,
            fx=None,
            show_addresses=False,
            from_height=None,
            to_height=None):
        # History with capital gains, using utxo pricing
        # FIXME: Lightning capital gains would requires FIFO
        if (from_timestamp is not None or to_timestamp is not None) \
                and (from_height is not None or to_height is not None):
            raise UserFacingException('timestamp and block height based filtering cannot be used together')

        show_fiat = fx and fx.is_enabled() and fx.has_history()
        out = []
        income = 0
        expenditures = 0
        capital_gains = Decimal(0)
        fiat_income = Decimal(0)
        fiat_expenditures = Decimal(0)
        now = time.time()
        for item in self.get_onchain_history():
            timestamp = item['timestamp']
            if from_timestamp and (timestamp or now) < from_timestamp:
                continue
            if to_timestamp and (timestamp or now) >= to_timestamp:
                continue
            height = item['height']
            if from_height is not None and from_height > height > 0:
                continue
            if to_height is not None and (height >= to_height or height <= 0):
                continue
            tx_hash = item['txid']
            tx = self.db.get_transaction(tx_hash)
            tx_fee = item['fee_sat']
            item['fee'] = Satoshis(tx_fee) if tx_fee is not None else None
            if show_addresses:
                item['inputs'] = list(map(lambda x: x.to_json(), tx.inputs()))
                item['outputs'] = list(map(lambda x: {'address': x.get_ui_address_str(), 'value': Satoshis(x.value)},
                                           tx.outputs()))
            # fixme: use in and out values
            value = item['bc_value'].value
            if value < 0:
                expenditures += -value
            else:
                income += value
            # fiat computations
            if show_fiat:
                fiat_fields = self.get_tx_item_fiat(tx_hash=tx_hash, amount_sat=value, fx=fx, tx_fee=tx_fee)
                fiat_value = fiat_fields['fiat_value'].value
                item.update(fiat_fields)
                if value < 0:
                    capital_gains += fiat_fields['capital_gain'].value
                    fiat_expenditures += -fiat_value
                else:
                    fiat_income += fiat_value
            out.append(item)
        # add summary
        if out:
            first_item = out[0]
            last_item = out[-1]
            if from_height or to_height:
                start_height = from_height
                end_height = to_height
            else:
                start_height = first_item['height'] - 1
                end_height = last_item['height']

            b = first_item['bc_balance'].value
            v = first_item['bc_value'].value
            start_balance = None if b is None or v is None else b - v
            end_balance = last_item['bc_balance'].value

            if from_timestamp is not None and to_timestamp is not None:
                start_timestamp = from_timestamp
                end_timestamp = to_timestamp
            else:
                start_timestamp = first_item['timestamp']
                end_timestamp = last_item['timestamp']

            start_coins = self.get_utxos(
                block_height=start_height,
                confirmed_funding_only=True,
                confirmed_spending_only=True,
                nonlocal_only=True)
            end_coins = self.get_utxos(
                block_height=end_height,
                confirmed_funding_only=True,
                confirmed_spending_only=True,
                nonlocal_only=True)

            def summary_point(timestamp, height, balance, coins):
                date = timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp)
                out = {
                    'date': date,
                    'block_height': height,
                    'BTC_balance': Satoshis(balance),
                }
                if show_fiat:
                    ap = self.acquisition_price(coins, fx.timestamp_rate, fx.ccy)
                    lp = self.liquidation_price(coins, fx.timestamp_rate, timestamp)
                    out['acquisition_price'] = Fiat(ap, fx.ccy)
                    out['liquidation_price'] = Fiat(lp, fx.ccy)
                    out['unrealized_gains'] = Fiat(lp - ap, fx.ccy)
                    out['fiat_balance'] = Fiat(fx.historical_value(balance, date), fx.ccy)
                    out['BTC_fiat_price'] = Fiat(fx.historical_value(COIN, date), fx.ccy)
                return out

            summary_start = summary_point(start_timestamp, start_height, start_balance, start_coins)
            summary_end = summary_point(end_timestamp, end_height, end_balance, end_coins)
            flow = {
                'BTC_incoming': Satoshis(income),
                'BTC_outgoing': Satoshis(expenditures)
            }
            if show_fiat:
                flow['fiat_currency'] = fx.ccy
                flow['fiat_incoming'] = Fiat(fiat_income, fx.ccy)
                flow['fiat_outgoing'] = Fiat(fiat_expenditures, fx.ccy)
                flow['realized_capital_gains'] = Fiat(capital_gains, fx.ccy)
            summary = {
                'begin': summary_start,
                'end': summary_end,
                'flow': flow,
            }

        else:
            summary = {}
        return {
            'transactions': out,
            'summary': summary
        }

    def acquisition_price(self, coins, price_func, ccy):
        return Decimal(sum(self.coin_price(coin.prevout.txid.hex(), price_func, ccy, self.adb.get_txin_value(coin)) for coin in coins))

    def liquidation_price(self, coins, price_func, timestamp):
        p = price_func(timestamp)
        return sum([coin.value_sats() for coin in coins]) * p / Decimal(COIN)

    def default_fiat_value(self, tx_hash, fx, value_sat):
        return value_sat / Decimal(COIN) * self.price_at_timestamp(tx_hash, fx.timestamp_rate)

    def get_tx_item_fiat(
            self,
            *,
            tx_hash: str,
            amount_sat: int,
            fx: 'FxThread',
            tx_fee: Optional[int],
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        item = {}
        fiat_value = self.get_fiat_value(tx_hash, fx.ccy)
        fiat_default = fiat_value is None
        fiat_rate = self.price_at_timestamp(tx_hash, fx.timestamp_rate)
        fiat_value = fiat_value if fiat_value is not None else self.default_fiat_value(tx_hash, fx, amount_sat)
        fiat_fee = tx_fee / Decimal(COIN) * fiat_rate if tx_fee is not None else None
        item['fiat_currency'] = fx.ccy
        item['fiat_rate'] = Fiat(fiat_rate, fx.ccy)
        item['fiat_value'] = Fiat(fiat_value, fx.ccy)
        item['fiat_fee'] = Fiat(fiat_fee, fx.ccy) if fiat_fee is not None else None
        item['fiat_default'] = fiat_default
        if amount_sat < 0:
            acquisition_price = - amount_sat / Decimal(COIN) * self.average_price(tx_hash, fx.timestamp_rate, fx.ccy)
            liquidation_price = - fiat_value
            item['acquisition_price'] = Fiat(acquisition_price, fx.ccy)
            cg = liquidation_price - acquisition_price
            item['capital_gain'] = Fiat(cg, fx.ccy)
        return item

    def _get_label(self, key: str) -> str:
        # key is typically: address / txid / LN-payment-hash-hex
        return self._labels.get(key) or ''

    def get_label_for_address(self, addr: str) -> str:
        label = self._labels.get(addr) or ''
        if not label and (request := self.get_request_by_addr(addr)):
            label = request.get_message()
        return label

    def get_label_for_txid(self, tx_hash: str) -> str:
        return self._labels.get(tx_hash) or self._get_default_label_for_txid(tx_hash)

    def _get_default_label_for_txid(self, tx_hash: str) -> str:
        labels = []
        # note: we don't deserialize tx as the history calls us for every tx, and that would be slow
        if not self.db.get_txi_addresses(tx_hash):
            # no inputs are ismine -> likely incoming payment -> concat labels of output addresses
            for addr in self.db.get_txo_addresses(tx_hash):
                label = self.get_label_for_address(addr)
                if label:
                    labels.append(label)
        else:
            # some inputs are ismine -> likely outgoing payment
            for invoice in self.get_relevant_invoices_for_tx(tx_hash):
                if invoice.message:
                    labels.append(invoice.message)
        if not labels and self.lnworker and (label:= self.lnworker.get_label_for_txid(tx_hash)):
            labels.append(label)
        return ', '.join(labels)

    def _get_default_label_for_rhash(self, rhash: str) -> str:
        req = self.get_request(rhash)
        return req.get_message() if req else ''

    def get_label_for_rhash(self, rhash: str) -> str:
        return self._labels.get(rhash) or self._get_default_label_for_rhash(rhash)

    def get_all_labels(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
        with self.lock:
            return copy.copy(self._labels)

    def get_tx_status(self, tx_hash, tx_mined_info: TxMinedInfo):
        extra = []
        height = tx_mined_info.height
        conf = tx_mined_info.conf
        timestamp = tx_mined_info.timestamp
        if height == TX_HEIGHT_FUTURE:
            num_blocks_remainining = tx_mined_info.wanted_height - self.adb.get_local_height()
            num_blocks_remainining = max(0, num_blocks_remainining)
            return 2, _('in {} blocks').format(num_blocks_remainining)
        if conf == 0:
            tx = self.db.get_transaction(tx_hash)
            if not tx:
                return 2, _("unknown")
            fee = self.adb.get_tx_fee(tx_hash)
            if fee is not None:
                size = tx.estimated_size()
                fee_per_byte = fee / size
                extra.append(format_fee_satoshis(fee_per_byte) + f" {util.UI_UNIT_NAME_FEERATE_SAT_PER_VB}")
            if fee is not None and height in (TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT, TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED) \
               and self.config.has_fee_mempool():
                exp_n = self.config.fee_to_depth(fee_per_byte)
                if exp_n is not None:
                    extra.append(self.config.get_depth_mb_str(exp_n))
            if height == TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL:
                status = 3
            elif height == TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT:
                status = 1
            elif height == TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED:
                status = 0
            else:
                status = 2  # not SPV verified
        else:
            status = 3 + min(conf, 6)
        time_str = format_time(timestamp) if timestamp else _("unknown")
        status_str = TX_STATUS[status] if status < 4 else time_str
        if extra:
            status_str += ' [%s]'%(', '.join(extra))
        return status, status_str

    def relayfee(self):
        return relayfee(self.network)

    def dust_threshold(self):
        return dust_threshold(self.network)

    def get_unconfirmed_base_tx_for_batching(self, outputs, coins) -> Optional[Transaction]:
        candidate = None
        domain = self.get_addresses()
        for hist_item in self.adb.get_history(domain):
            # tx should not be mined yet
            if hist_item.tx_mined_status.conf > 0: continue
            # conservative future proofing of code: only allow known unconfirmed types
            if hist_item.tx_mined_status.height not in (TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED,
                                                        TX_HEIGHT_UNCONF_PARENT,
                                                        TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL):
                continue
            # tx should be "outgoing" from wallet
            if hist_item.delta >= 0:
                continue
            tx = self.db.get_transaction(hist_item.txid)
            if not tx:
                continue
            # is_mine outputs should not be spent yet
            # to avoid cancelling our own dependent transactions
            txid = tx.txid()
            if any([self.is_mine(o.address) and self.db.get_spent_outpoint(txid, output_idx)
                    for output_idx, o in enumerate(tx.outputs())]):
                continue
            # all inputs should be is_mine
            if not all([self.is_mine(self.adb.get_txin_address(txin)) for txin in tx.inputs()]):
                continue
            # do not mutate LN funding txs, as that would change their txid
            if self.is_lightning_funding_tx(txid):
                continue
            # tx must have opted-in for RBF (even if local, for consistency)
            if not tx.is_rbf_enabled():
                continue
            # reject merge if we need to spend outputs from the base tx
            remaining_amount = sum(c.value_sats() for c in coins if c.prevout.txid.hex() != tx.txid())
            change_amount = sum(o.value for o in tx.outputs() if self.is_change(o.address))
            output_amount = sum(o.value for o in outputs)
            if output_amount > remaining_amount + change_amount:
                continue
            # prefer txns already in mempool (vs local)
            if hist_item.tx_mined_status.height == TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL:
                candidate = tx
                continue
            return tx
        return candidate

    def get_change_addresses_for_new_transaction(
            self, preferred_change_addr=None, *, allow_reusing_used_change_addrs: bool = True,
    ) -> List[str]:
        change_addrs = []
        if preferred_change_addr:
            if isinstance(preferred_change_addr, (list, tuple)):
                change_addrs = list(preferred_change_addr)
            else:
                change_addrs = [preferred_change_addr]
        elif self.use_change:
            # Recalc and get unused change addresses
            addrs = self.calc_unused_change_addresses()
            # New change addresses are created only after a few
            # confirmations.
            if addrs:
                # if there are any unused, select all
                change_addrs = addrs
            else:
                # if there are none, take one randomly from the last few
                if not allow_reusing_used_change_addrs:
                    return []
                addrs = self.get_change_addresses(slice_start=-self.gap_limit_for_change)
                change_addrs = [random.choice(addrs)] if addrs else []
        for addr in change_addrs:
            assert is_address(addr), f"not valid bitcoin address: {addr}"
            # note that change addresses are not necessarily ismine
            # in which case this is a no-op
            self.check_address_for_corruption(addr)
        max_change = self.max_change_outputs if self.multiple_change else 1
        return change_addrs[:max_change]

    def get_single_change_address_for_new_transaction(
            self, preferred_change_addr=None, *, allow_reusing_used_change_addrs: bool = True,
    ) -> Optional[str]:
        addrs = self.get_change_addresses_for_new_transaction(
            preferred_change_addr=preferred_change_addr,
            allow_reusing_used_change_addrs=allow_reusing_used_change_addrs,
        )
        if addrs:
            return addrs[0]
        return None

    @check_returned_address_for_corruption
    def get_new_sweep_address_for_channel(self) -> str:
        # Recalc and get unused change addresses
        addrs = self.calc_unused_change_addresses()
        if addrs:
            selected_addr = addrs[0]
        else:
            # if there are none, take one randomly from the last few
            addrs = self.get_change_addresses(slice_start=-self.gap_limit_for_change)
            if addrs:
                selected_addr = random.choice(addrs)
            else:  # fallback for e.g. imported wallets
                selected_addr = self.get_receiving_address()
        assert is_address(selected_addr), f"not valid bitcoin address: {selected_addr}"
        return selected_addr

    def can_pay_onchain(self, outputs, coins=None):
        fee = partial(self.config.estimate_fee, allow_fallback_to_static_rates=True)  # to avoid NoDynamicFeeEstimates
        try:
            self.make_unsigned_transaction(
                coins=coins,
                outputs=outputs,
                fee=fee)
        except NotEnoughFunds:
            return False
        return True

    @profiler(min_threshold=0.1)
    def make_unsigned_transaction(
            self, *,
            coins: Sequence[PartialTxInput],
            outputs: List[PartialTxOutput],
            fee=None,
            change_addr: str = None,
            is_sweep=False,
            rbf=True,
            batch_rbf: Optional[bool] = None,
            send_change_to_lightning: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """Can raise NotEnoughFunds or NoDynamicFeeEstimates."""

        if not coins:  # any bitcoin tx must have at least 1 input by consensus
            raise NotEnoughFunds()
        if any([c.already_has_some_signatures() for c in coins]):
            raise Exception("Some inputs already contain signatures!")
        if batch_rbf is None:
            batch_rbf = self.config.WALLET_BATCH_RBF
        if send_change_to_lightning is None:
            send_change_to_lightning = self.config.WALLET_SEND_CHANGE_TO_LIGHTNING

        # prevent side-effect with '!'
        outputs = copy.deepcopy(outputs)

        # check outputs for "max" amount
        i_max = []
        i_max_sum = 0
        for i, o in enumerate(outputs):
            weight = parse_max_spend(o.value)
            if weight:
                i_max_sum += weight
                i_max.append((weight, i))

        if fee is None and self.config.fee_per_kb() is None:
            raise NoDynamicFeeEstimates()

        for item in coins:
            self.add_input_info(item)

        # Fee estimator
        if fee is None:
            fee_estimator = self.config.estimate_fee
        elif isinstance(fee, Number):
            fee_estimator = lambda size: fee
        elif callable(fee):
            fee_estimator = fee
        else:
            raise Exception(f'Invalid argument fee: {fee}')

        # set if we merge with another transaction
        rbf_merge_txid = None

        if len(i_max) == 0:
            # Let the coin chooser select the coins to spend
            coin_chooser = coinchooser.get_coin_chooser(self.config)
            # If there is an unconfirmed RBF tx, merge with it
            base_tx = self.get_unconfirmed_base_tx_for_batching(outputs, coins) if batch_rbf else None
            if base_tx:
                # make sure we don't try to spend change from the tx-to-be-replaced:
                coins = [c for c in coins if c.prevout.txid.hex() != base_tx.txid()]
                is_local = self.adb.get_tx_height(base_tx.txid()).height == TX_HEIGHT_LOCAL
                base_tx = PartialTransaction.from_tx(base_tx)
                base_tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
                base_tx_fee = base_tx.get_fee()
                base_feerate = Decimal(base_tx_fee)/base_tx.estimated_size()
                relayfeerate = Decimal(self.relayfee()) / 1000
                original_fee_estimator = fee_estimator
                def fee_estimator(size: Union[int, float, Decimal]) -> int:
                    size = Decimal(size)
                    lower_bound_relayfee = int(base_tx_fee + round(size * relayfeerate)) if not is_local else 0
                    lower_bound_feerate = int(base_feerate * size) + 1
                    lower_bound = max(lower_bound_feerate, lower_bound_relayfee)
                    return max(lower_bound, original_fee_estimator(size))
                txi = base_tx.inputs()
                txo = list(filter(lambda o: not self.is_change(o.address), base_tx.outputs())) + list(outputs)
                old_change_addrs = [o.address for o in base_tx.outputs() if self.is_change(o.address)]
                rbf_merge_txid = base_tx.txid()
            else:
                txi = []
                txo = list(outputs)
                old_change_addrs = []
            # change address. if empty, coin_chooser will set it
            change_addrs = self.get_change_addresses_for_new_transaction(change_addr or old_change_addrs)
            if self.config.WALLET_MERGE_DUPLICATE_OUTPUTS:
                txo = transaction.merge_duplicate_tx_outputs(txo)
            tx = coin_chooser.make_tx(
                coins=coins,
                inputs=txi,
                outputs=txo,
                change_addrs=change_addrs,
                fee_estimator_vb=fee_estimator,
                dust_threshold=self.dust_threshold())
            if self.lnworker and send_change_to_lightning:
                change = tx.get_change_outputs()
                # do not use multiple change addresses
                if len(change) == 1:
                    amount = change[0].value
                    ln_amount = self.lnworker.swap_manager.get_recv_amount(amount, is_reverse=False)
                    if ln_amount and ln_amount <= self.lnworker.num_sats_can_receive():
                        tx.replace_output_address(change[0].address, DummyAddress.SWAP)
        else:
            # "spend max" branch
            # note: This *will* spend inputs with negative effective value (if there are any).
            #       Given as the user is spending "max", and so might be abandoning the wallet,
            #       try to include all UTXOs, otherwise leftover might remain in the UTXO set
            #       forever. see #5433
            # note: Actually, it might be the case that not all UTXOs from the wallet are
            #       being spent if the user manually selected UTXOs.
            sendable = sum(map(lambda c: c.value_sats(), coins))
            for (_,i) in i_max:
                outputs[i].value = 0
            tx = PartialTransaction.from_io(list(coins), list(outputs))
            fee = fee_estimator(tx.estimated_size())
            amount = sendable - tx.output_value() - fee
            if amount < 0:
                raise NotEnoughFunds()
            distr_amount = 0
            for (weight, i) in i_max:
                val = int((amount/i_max_sum) * weight)
                outputs[i].value = val
                distr_amount += val

            (x,i) = i_max[-1]
            outputs[i].value += (amount - distr_amount)
            tx = PartialTransaction.from_io(list(coins), list(outputs))

        # Timelock tx to current height.
        tx.locktime = get_locktime_for_new_transaction(self.network)
        tx.rbf_merge_txid = rbf_merge_txid
        tx.set_rbf(rbf)
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        run_hook('make_unsigned_transaction', self, tx)
        return tx

    def is_frozen_address(self, addr: str) -> bool:
        return addr in self._frozen_addresses

    def is_frozen_coin(self, utxo: PartialTxInput) -> bool:
        prevout_str = utxo.prevout.to_str()
        frozen = self._frozen_coins.get(prevout_str, None)
        # note: there are three possible states for 'frozen':
        #       True/False if the user explicitly set it,
        #       None otherwise
        if frozen is None:
            return self._is_coin_small_and_unconfirmed(utxo)
        return bool(frozen)

    def _is_coin_small_and_unconfirmed(self, utxo: PartialTxInput) -> bool:
        """If true, the coin should not be spent.
        The idea here is that an attacker might send us a UTXO in a
        large low-fee unconfirmed tx that will ~never confirm. If we
        spend it as part of a tx ourselves, that too will not confirm
        (unless we use a high fee, but that might not be worth it for
        a small value UTXO).
        In particular, this test triggers for large "dusting transactions"
        that are used for advertising purposes by some entities.
        see #6960
        """
        # confirmed UTXOs are fine; check this first for performance:
        block_height = utxo.block_height
        assert block_height is not None
        if block_height > 0:
            return False
        # exempt large value UTXOs
        value_sats = utxo.value_sats()
        assert value_sats is not None
        threshold = self.config.WALLET_UNCONF_UTXO_FREEZE_THRESHOLD_SAT
        if value_sats >= threshold:
            return False
        # if funding tx has any is_mine input, then UTXO is fine
        funding_tx = self.db.get_transaction(utxo.prevout.txid.hex())
        if funding_tx is None:
            # we should typically have the funding tx available;
            # might not have it e.g. while not up_to_date
            return True
        if any(self.is_mine(self.adb.get_txin_address(txin))
               for txin in funding_tx.inputs()):
            return False
        return True

    def set_frozen_state_of_addresses(
        self,
        addrs: Iterable[str],
        freeze: bool,
        *,
        write_to_disk: bool = True,
    ) -> bool:
        """Set frozen state of the addresses to FREEZE, True or False"""
        if all(self.is_mine(addr) for addr in addrs):
            with self._freeze_lock:
                if freeze:
                    self._frozen_addresses |= set(addrs)
                else:
                    self._frozen_addresses -= set(addrs)
                self.db.put('frozen_addresses', list(self._frozen_addresses))
            util.trigger_callback('status')
            if write_to_disk:
                self.save_db()
            return True
        return False

    def set_frozen_state_of_coins(
        self,
        utxos: Iterable[str],
        freeze: bool,
        *,
        write_to_disk: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """Set frozen state of the utxos to FREEZE, True or False"""
        # basic sanity check that input is not garbage: (see if raises)
        [TxOutpoint.from_str(utxo) for utxo in utxos]
        with self._freeze_lock:
            for utxo in utxos:
                self._frozen_coins[utxo] = bool(freeze)
        util.trigger_callback('status')
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()

    def is_address_reserved(self, addr: str) -> bool:
        # note: atm 'reserved' status is only taken into consideration for 'change addresses'
        return addr in self._reserved_addresses

    def set_reserved_state_of_address(self, addr: str, *, reserved: bool) -> None:
        if not self.is_mine(addr):
            return
        with self.lock:
            if reserved:
                self._reserved_addresses.add(addr)
            else:
                self._reserved_addresses.discard(addr)
            self.db.put('reserved_addresses', list(self._reserved_addresses))

    def can_export(self):
        return not self.is_watching_only() and hasattr(self.keystore, 'get_private_key')

    def get_bumpfee_strategies_for_tx(
        self,
        *,
        tx: Transaction,
    ) -> Tuple[Sequence[BumpFeeStrategy], int]:
        """Returns tuple(list of available strategies, idx of recommended option among those)."""
        all_strats = BumpFeeStrategy.all()
        # are we paying max?
        invoices = self.get_relevant_invoices_for_tx(tx.txid())
        if len(invoices) == 1 and len(invoices[0].outputs) == 1:
            if invoices[0].outputs[0].value == '!':
                return all_strats, all_strats.index(BumpFeeStrategy.DECREASE_PAYMENT)
        # do not decrease payment if it is a swap
        if self.get_swap_by_funding_tx(tx):
            return [BumpFeeStrategy.PRESERVE_PAYMENT], 0
        # default
        return all_strats, all_strats.index(BumpFeeStrategy.PRESERVE_PAYMENT)

    def bump_fee(
            self,
            *,
            tx: Transaction,
            new_fee_rate: Union[int, float, Decimal],
            coins: Sequence[PartialTxInput] = None,
            strategy: BumpFeeStrategy = BumpFeeStrategy.PRESERVE_PAYMENT,
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """Increase the miner fee of 'tx'.
        'new_fee_rate' is the target min rate in sat/vbyte
        'coins' is a list of UTXOs we can choose from as potential new inputs to be added

        note: it is the caller's responsibility to have already called tx.add_info_from_network().
              Without that, all txins must be ismine.
        """
        assert tx
        if not isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction):
            tx = PartialTransaction.from_tx(tx)
        assert isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction)
        tx.remove_signatures()
        if not tx.is_rbf_enabled():
            raise CannotBumpFee(_('Transaction is final'))
        new_fee_rate = quantize_feerate(new_fee_rate)  # strip excess precision
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        if tx.is_missing_info_from_network():
            raise Exception("tx missing info from network")
        old_tx_size = tx.estimated_size()
        old_fee = tx.get_fee()
        assert old_fee is not None
        old_fee_rate = old_fee / old_tx_size  # sat/vbyte
        if new_fee_rate <= old_fee_rate:
            raise CannotBumpFee(_("The new fee rate needs to be higher than the old fee rate."))

        if strategy == BumpFeeStrategy.PRESERVE_PAYMENT:
            # FIXME: we should try decreasing change first,
            # but it requires updating a bunch of unit tests
            try:
                tx_new = self._bump_fee_through_coinchooser(
                    tx=tx,
                    new_fee_rate=new_fee_rate,
                    coins=coins,
                )
            except CannotBumpFee as e:
                tx_new = self._bump_fee_through_decreasing_change(
                    tx=tx, new_fee_rate=new_fee_rate)
        elif strategy == BumpFeeStrategy.DECREASE_PAYMENT:
            tx_new = self._bump_fee_through_decreasing_payment(
                tx=tx, new_fee_rate=new_fee_rate)
        else:
            raise Exception(f"unknown strategy: {strategy=}")

        target_min_fee = new_fee_rate * tx_new.estimated_size()
        actual_fee = tx_new.get_fee()
        if actual_fee + 1 < target_min_fee:
            raise CannotBumpFee(
                f"bump_fee fee target was not met. "
                f"got {actual_fee}, expected >={target_min_fee}. "
                f"target rate was {new_fee_rate}")
        tx_new.locktime = get_locktime_for_new_transaction(self.network)
        tx_new.set_rbf(True)
        tx_new.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        return tx_new

    def _bump_fee_through_coinchooser(
            self,
            *,
            tx: PartialTransaction,
            new_fee_rate: Union[int, Decimal],
            coins: Sequence[PartialTxInput] = None,
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """Increase the miner fee of 'tx'.

        - keeps all inputs
        - keeps all not is_mine outputs,
        - allows adding new inputs
        """
        tx = copy.deepcopy(tx)
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        assert tx.get_fee() is not None
        old_inputs = list(tx.inputs())
        old_outputs = list(tx.outputs())
        # change address
        old_change_addrs = [o.address for o in old_outputs if self.is_change(o.address)]
        change_addrs = self.get_change_addresses_for_new_transaction(old_change_addrs)
        # which outputs to keep?
        if old_change_addrs:
            fixed_outputs = list(filter(lambda o: not self.is_change(o.address), old_outputs))
        else:
            if all(self.is_mine(o.address) for o in old_outputs):
                # all outputs are is_mine and none of them are change.
                # we bail out as it's unclear what the user would want!
                # the coinchooser bump fee method is probably not a good idea in this case
                raise CannotBumpFee(_('All outputs are non-change is_mine'))
            old_not_is_mine = list(filter(lambda o: not self.is_mine(o.address), old_outputs))
            if old_not_is_mine:
                fixed_outputs = old_not_is_mine
            else:
                fixed_outputs = old_outputs
        if not fixed_outputs:
            raise CannotBumpFee(_('Could not figure out which outputs to keep'))

        if coins is None:
            coins = self.get_spendable_coins(None)
        # make sure we don't try to spend output from the tx-to-be-replaced:
        coins = [c for c in coins
                 if c.prevout.txid.hex() not in self.adb.get_conflicting_transactions(tx, include_self=True)]
        for item in coins:
            self.add_input_info(item)
        def fee_estimator(size):
            return self.config.estimate_fee_for_feerate(fee_per_kb=new_fee_rate*1000, size=size)
        coin_chooser = coinchooser.get_coin_chooser(self.config)
        try:
            return coin_chooser.make_tx(
                coins=coins,
                inputs=old_inputs,
                outputs=fixed_outputs,
                change_addrs=change_addrs,
                fee_estimator_vb=fee_estimator,
                dust_threshold=self.dust_threshold())
        except NotEnoughFunds as e:
            raise CannotBumpFee(e)

    def _bump_fee_through_decreasing_change(
            self,
            *,
            tx: PartialTransaction,
            new_fee_rate: Union[int, Decimal],
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """Increase the miner fee of 'tx'.

        - keeps all inputs
        - no new inputs are added
        - change outputs are decreased or removed
        """
        tx = copy.deepcopy(tx)
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        assert tx.get_fee() is not None
        inputs = tx.inputs()
        outputs = tx._outputs  # note: we will mutate this directly

        # use own outputs
        s = list(filter(lambda o: self.is_mine(o.address), outputs))
        if not s:
            raise CannotBumpFee('No suitable output')

        # prioritize low value outputs, to get rid of dust
        s = sorted(s, key=lambda o: o.value)
        for o in s:
            target_fee = int(math.ceil(tx.estimated_size() * new_fee_rate))
            delta = target_fee - tx.get_fee()
            if delta <= 0:
                break
            i = outputs.index(o)
            if o.value - delta >= self.dust_threshold():
                new_output_value = o.value - delta
                assert isinstance(new_output_value, int)
                outputs[i].value = new_output_value
                delta = 0
                break
            else:
                del outputs[i]
                # note: we mutated the outputs of tx, which will affect
                #       tx.estimated_size() in the next iteration
        else:
            # recompute delta if there was no next iteration
            target_fee = int(math.ceil(tx.estimated_size() * new_fee_rate))
            delta = target_fee - tx.get_fee()

        if delta > 0:
            raise CannotBumpFee(_('Could not find suitable outputs'))

        return PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs)

    def _bump_fee_through_decreasing_payment(
            self,
            *,
            tx: PartialTransaction,
            new_fee_rate: Union[int, Decimal],
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """
        Increase the miner fee of 'tx' by decreasing amount paid.
        This should be used for transactions that pay "Max".

        - keeps all inputs
        - no new inputs are added
        - Each non-ismine output is decreased proportionally to their byte-size.
        """
        tx = copy.deepcopy(tx)
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        assert tx.get_fee() is not None
        inputs = tx.inputs()
        outputs = tx.outputs()

        # select non-ismine outputs
        s = [(idx, out) for (idx, out) in enumerate(outputs)
             if not self.is_mine(out.address)]
        s = [(idx, out) for (idx, out) in s if self._is_rbf_allowed_to_touch_tx_output(out)]
        if not s:
            raise CannotBumpFee("Cannot find payment output")

        del_out_idxs = set()
        tx_size = tx.estimated_size()
        cur_fee = tx.get_fee()
        # Main loop. Each iteration decreases value of all selected outputs.
        # The number of iterations is bounded by len(s) as only the final iteration
        # can *not remove* any output.
        for __ in range(len(s) + 1):
            target_fee = int(math.ceil(tx_size * new_fee_rate))
            delta_total = target_fee - cur_fee
            if delta_total <= 0:
                break
            out_size_total = sum(Transaction.estimated_output_size_for_script(out.scriptpubkey.hex())
                                 for (idx, out) in s if idx not in del_out_idxs)
            if out_size_total == 0:  # no outputs left to decrease
                raise CannotBumpFee(_('Could not find suitable outputs'))
            for idx, out in s:
                out_size = Transaction.estimated_output_size_for_script(out.scriptpubkey.hex())
                delta = int(math.ceil(delta_total * out_size / out_size_total))
                if out.value - delta >= self.dust_threshold():
                    new_output_value = out.value - delta
                    assert isinstance(new_output_value, int)
                    outputs[idx].value = new_output_value
                    cur_fee += delta
                else:  # remove output
                    tx_size -= out_size
                    cur_fee += out.value
                    del_out_idxs.add(idx)
        if delta_total > 0:
            raise CannotBumpFee(_('Could not find suitable outputs'))

        outputs = [out for (idx, out) in enumerate(outputs) if idx not in del_out_idxs]
        return PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs)

    def _is_rbf_allowed_to_touch_tx_output(self, txout: TxOutput) -> bool:
        # 2fa fee outputs if present, should not be removed or have their value decreased
        if self.is_billing_address(txout.address):
            return False
        # submarine swap funding outputs must not be decreased
        if self.lnworker and self.lnworker.swap_manager.is_lockup_address_for_a_swap(txout.address):
            return False
        return True

    def cpfp(self, tx: Transaction, fee: int) -> Optional[PartialTransaction]:
        assert tx
        txid = tx.txid()
        for i, o in enumerate(tx.outputs()):
            address, value = o.address, o.value
            if self.is_mine(address):
                break
        else:
            raise CannotCPFP(_("Could not find suitable output"))
        coins = self.adb.get_addr_utxo(address)
        item = coins.get(TxOutpoint.from_str(txid+':%d'%i))
        if not item:
            raise CannotCPFP(_("Could not find coins for output"))
        inputs = [item]
        out_address = (self.get_single_change_address_for_new_transaction(allow_reusing_used_change_addrs=False)
                       or self.get_unused_address()
                       or address)
        output_value = value - fee
        if output_value < self.dust_threshold():
            raise CannotCPFP(_("The output value remaining after fee is too low."))
        outputs = [PartialTxOutput.from_address_and_value(out_address, output_value)]
        locktime = get_locktime_for_new_transaction(self.network)
        tx_new = PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime)
        tx_new.set_rbf(True)
        tx_new.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        return tx_new

    def dscancel(
            self, *, tx: Transaction, new_fee_rate: Union[int, float, Decimal]
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """Double-Spend-Cancel: cancel an unconfirmed tx by double-spending
        its inputs, paying ourselves.
        'new_fee_rate' is the target min rate in sat/vbyte

        note: it is the caller's responsibility to have already called tx.add_info_from_network().
              Without that, all txins must be ismine.
        """
        assert tx
        if not isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction):
            tx = PartialTransaction.from_tx(tx)
        assert isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction)
        tx.remove_signatures()

        if not tx.is_rbf_enabled():
            raise CannotDoubleSpendTx(_('Transaction is final'))
        new_fee_rate = quantize_feerate(new_fee_rate)  # strip excess precision
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        if tx.is_missing_info_from_network():
            raise Exception("tx missing info from network")
        old_tx_size = tx.estimated_size()
        old_fee = tx.get_fee()
        assert old_fee is not None
        old_fee_rate = old_fee / old_tx_size  # sat/vbyte
        if new_fee_rate <= old_fee_rate:
            raise CannotDoubleSpendTx(_("The new fee rate needs to be higher than the old fee rate."))
        # grab all ismine inputs
        inputs = [txin for txin in tx.inputs()
                  if self.is_mine(self.adb.get_txin_address(txin))]
        value = sum([txin.value_sats() for txin in inputs])
        # figure out output address
        old_change_addrs = [o.address for o in tx.outputs() if self.is_mine(o.address)]
        out_address = (self.get_single_change_address_for_new_transaction(old_change_addrs)
                       or self.get_receiving_address())
        locktime = get_locktime_for_new_transaction(self.network)
        outputs = [PartialTxOutput.from_address_and_value(out_address, value)]
        tx_new = PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime)
        new_tx_size = tx_new.estimated_size()
        new_fee = max(
            new_fee_rate * new_tx_size,
            old_fee + self.relayfee() * new_tx_size / Decimal(1000),  # BIP-125 rules 3 and 4
        )
        new_fee = int(math.ceil(new_fee))
        output_value = value - new_fee
        if output_value < self.dust_threshold():
            raise CannotDoubleSpendTx(_("The output value remaining after fee is too low."))
        outputs = [PartialTxOutput.from_address_and_value(out_address, value - new_fee)]
        tx_new = PartialTransaction.from_io(inputs, outputs, locktime=locktime)
        tx_new.set_rbf(True)
        tx_new.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        return tx_new

    def _add_txinout_derivation_info(self, txinout: Union[PartialTxInput, PartialTxOutput],
                                     address: str, *, only_der_suffix: bool) -> None:
        pass  # implemented by subclasses

    def _add_input_utxo_info(
            self,
            txin: PartialTxInput,
            *,
            address: str = None,
    ) -> None:
        # - We prefer to include UTXO (full tx), even for segwit inputs (see #6198).
        # - For witness v0 inputs, we include *both* UTXO and WITNESS_UTXO. UTXO is a strict superset,
        #   so this is redundant, but it is (implied to be) "expected" from bip-0174 (see #8039).
        #   Regardless, this might improve compatibility with some other software.
        # - For witness v1, witness_utxo will be enough though (bip-0341 sighash fixes known prior issues).
        # - We cannot include UTXO if the prev tx is not signed yet (chain of unsigned txs).
        address = address or txin.address
        # add witness_utxo
        if txin.witness_utxo is None and txin.is_segwit() and address:
            received, spent = self.adb.get_addr_io(address)
            item = received.get(txin.prevout.to_str())
            if item:
                txin_value = item[2]
                txin.witness_utxo = TxOutput.from_address_and_value(address, txin_value)
        # add utxo
        if txin.utxo is None:
            txin.utxo = self.db.get_transaction(txin.prevout.txid.hex())
        # Maybe remove witness_utxo. witness_utxo should not be present for non-segwit inputs.
        # If it is present, it might be because another electrum instance added it when sharing the psbt via QR code.
        # If we have the full utxo available, we can remove it without loss of information.
        if txin.witness_utxo and not txin.is_segwit() and txin.utxo:
            txin.witness_utxo = None

    def _learn_derivation_path_for_address_from_txinout(self, txinout: Union[PartialTxInput, PartialTxOutput],
                                                        address: str) -> bool:
        """Tries to learn the derivation path for an address (potentially beyond gap limit)
        using data available in given txin/txout.
        Returns whether the address was found to be is_mine.
        """
        return False  # implemented by subclasses

    def add_input_info(
            self,
            txin: TxInput,
            *,
            only_der_suffix: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        """Populates the txin, using info the wallet already has.
        That is, network requests are *not* done to fetch missing prev txs!
        For that, use txin.add_info_from_network.
        """
        # note: we add input utxos regardless of is_mine
        if txin.utxo is None:
            txin.utxo = self.db.get_transaction(txin.prevout.txid.hex())
        if not isinstance(txin, PartialTxInput):
            return
        address = self.adb.get_txin_address(txin)
        self._add_input_utxo_info(txin, address=address)
        is_mine = self.is_mine(address)
        if not is_mine:
            is_mine = self._learn_derivation_path_for_address_from_txinout(txin, address)
        if not is_mine:
            if self.lnworker:
                self.lnworker.swap_manager.add_txin_info(txin)
            return
        txin.script_descriptor = self.get_script_descriptor_for_address(address)
        txin.is_mine = True
        self._add_txinout_derivation_info(txin, address, only_der_suffix=only_der_suffix)
        txin.block_height = self.adb.get_tx_height(txin.prevout.txid.hex()).height

    def has_support_for_slip_19_ownership_proofs(self) -> bool:
        return False

    def add_slip_19_ownership_proofs_to_tx(self, tx: PartialTransaction) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def get_script_descriptor_for_address(self, address: str) -> Optional[Descriptor]:
        if not self.is_mine(address):
            return None
        script_type = self.get_txin_type(address)
        if script_type in ('address', 'unknown'):
            return None
        addr_index = self.get_address_index(address)
        if addr_index is None:
            return None
        pubkeys = [ks.get_pubkey_provider(addr_index) for ks in self.get_keystores()]
        if not pubkeys:
            return None
        if script_type == 'p2pk':
            return descriptor.PKDescriptor(pubkey=pubkeys[0])
        elif script_type == 'p2pkh':
            return descriptor.PKHDescriptor(pubkey=pubkeys[0])
        elif script_type == 'p2wpkh':
            return descriptor.WPKHDescriptor(pubkey=pubkeys[0])
        elif script_type == 'p2wpkh-p2sh':
            wpkh = descriptor.WPKHDescriptor(pubkey=pubkeys[0])
            return descriptor.SHDescriptor(subdescriptor=wpkh)
        elif script_type == 'p2sh':
            multi = descriptor.MultisigDescriptor(pubkeys=pubkeys, thresh=self.m, is_sorted=True)
            return descriptor.SHDescriptor(subdescriptor=multi)
        elif script_type == 'p2wsh':
            multi = descriptor.MultisigDescriptor(pubkeys=pubkeys, thresh=self.m, is_sorted=True)
            return descriptor.WSHDescriptor(subdescriptor=multi)
        elif script_type == 'p2wsh-p2sh':
            multi = descriptor.MultisigDescriptor(pubkeys=pubkeys, thresh=self.m, is_sorted=True)
            wsh = descriptor.WSHDescriptor(subdescriptor=multi)
            return descriptor.SHDescriptor(subdescriptor=wsh)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"unexpected {script_type=}")

    def can_sign(self, tx: Transaction) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction):
            return False
        if tx.is_complete():
            return False
        # add info to inputs if we can; otherwise we might return a false negative:
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        for txin in tx.inputs():
            # note: is_mine check needed to avoid false positives.
            #       just because keystore could sign, txin does not necessarily belong to wallet.
            #       Example: we have p2pkh-like addresses and txin is a multisig that involves our pubkey.
            if not self.is_mine(txin.address):
                continue
            for k in self.get_keystores():
                if k.can_sign_txin(txin):
                    return True
        if self.get_swap_by_claim_tx(tx):
            return True
        return False

    def add_output_info(self, txout: PartialTxOutput, *, only_der_suffix: bool = False) -> None:
        address = txout.address
        if not self.is_mine(address):
            is_mine = self._learn_derivation_path_for_address_from_txinout(txout, address)
            if not is_mine:
                return
        txout.script_descriptor = self.get_script_descriptor_for_address(address)
        txout.is_mine = True
        txout.is_change = self.is_change(address)
        self._add_txinout_derivation_info(txout, address, only_der_suffix=only_der_suffix)

    def sign_transaction(self, tx: Transaction, password, *, ignore_warnings: bool = False) -> Optional[PartialTransaction]:
        """ returns tx if successful else None """
        if self.is_watching_only():
            return
        if not isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction):
            return
        if any(DummyAddress.is_dummy_address(txout.address) for txout in tx.outputs()):
            raise DummyAddressUsedInTxException("tried to sign tx with dummy address!")
        # note: swap signing does not require the password
        swap = self.get_swap_by_claim_tx(tx)
        if swap:
            self.lnworker.swap_manager.sign_tx(tx, swap)
            return tx

        # check if signing is dangerous
        sh_danger = self.check_sighash(tx)
        if sh_danger.needs_reject():
            raise TransactionDangerousException('Not signing transaction:\n' + sh_danger.get_long_message())
        if sh_danger.needs_confirm() and not ignore_warnings:
            raise TransactionPotentiallyDangerousException('Not signing transaction:\n' + sh_danger.get_long_message())

        # add info to a temporary tx copy; including xpubs
        # and full derivation paths as hw keystores might want them
        tmp_tx = copy.deepcopy(tx)
        tmp_tx.add_info_from_wallet(self, include_xpubs=True)
        # sign. start with ready keystores.
        # note: ks.ready_to_sign() side-effect: we trigger pairings with potential hw devices.
        #       We only do this once, before the loop, however we could rescan after each iteration,
        #       to see if the user connected/disconnected devices in the meantime.
        for k in sorted(self.get_keystores(), key=lambda ks: ks.ready_to_sign(), reverse=True):
            try:
                if k.can_sign(tmp_tx):
                    k.sign_transaction(tmp_tx, password)
            except UserCancelled:
                continue
        # remove sensitive info; then copy back details from temporary tx
        tmp_tx.remove_xpubs_and_bip32_paths()
        tx.combine_with_other_psbt(tmp_tx)
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self, include_xpubs=False)
        return tx

    def try_detecting_internal_addresses_corruption(self) -> None:
        pass

    def check_address_for_corruption(self, addr: str) -> None:
        pass

    def get_unused_addresses(self) -> Sequence[str]:
        domain = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        return [addr for addr in domain if not self.adb.is_used(addr) and not self.get_request_by_addr(addr)]

    @check_returned_address_for_corruption
    def get_unused_address(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """Get an unused receiving address, if there is one.
        Note: there might NOT be one available!
        """
        addrs = self.get_unused_addresses()
        if addrs:
            return addrs[0]

    @check_returned_address_for_corruption
    def get_receiving_address(self) -> str:
        """Get a receiving address. Guaranteed to always return an address."""
        unused_addr = self.get_unused_address()
        if unused_addr:
            return unused_addr
        domain = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        if not domain:
            raise Exception("no receiving addresses in wallet?!")
        choice = domain[0]
        for addr in domain:
            if not self.adb.is_used(addr):
                if self.get_request_by_addr(addr) is None:
                    return addr
                else:
                    choice = addr
        return choice

    def create_new_address(self, for_change: bool = False):
        raise UserFacingException("this wallet cannot generate new addresses")

    def import_address(self, address: str) -> str:
        raise UserFacingException("this wallet cannot import addresses")

    def import_addresses(self, addresses: List[str], *,
                         write_to_disk=True) -> Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]:
        raise UserFacingException("this wallet cannot import addresses")

    def delete_address(self, address: str) -> None:
        raise UserFacingException("this wallet cannot delete addresses")

    def get_request_URI(self, req: Request) -> Optional[str]:
        lightning_invoice = None
        if self.config.WALLET_BIP21_LIGHTNING:
            lightning_invoice = self.get_bolt11_invoice(req)
        return req.get_bip21_URI(lightning_invoice=lightning_invoice)

    def check_expired_status(self, r: BaseInvoice, status):
        #if r.is_lightning() and r.exp == 0:
        #    status = PR_EXPIRED  # for BOLT-11 invoices, exp==0 means 0 seconds
        if status == PR_UNPAID and r.has_expired():
            status = PR_EXPIRED
        return status

    def get_invoice_status(self, invoice: BaseInvoice):
        """Returns status of (incoming) request or (outgoing) invoice."""
        # lightning invoices can be paid onchain
        if invoice.is_lightning() and self.lnworker:
            status = self.lnworker.get_invoice_status(invoice)
            if status != PR_UNPAID:
                return self.check_expired_status(invoice, status)
        paid, conf = self.is_onchain_invoice_paid(invoice)
        if not paid:
            if isinstance(invoice, Invoice):
                if status:=invoice.get_broadcasting_status():
                    return status
            status = PR_UNPAID
        elif conf == 0:
            status = PR_UNCONFIRMED
        else:
            assert conf >= 1, conf
            status = PR_PAID
        return self.check_expired_status(invoice, status)

    def get_request_by_addr(self, addr: str) -> Optional[Request]:
        """Returns a relevant request for address, from an on-chain PoV.
        (One that has been paid on-chain or is pending)

        Called in get_label_for_address and update_invoices_and_reqs_touched_by_tx
        Returns None if the address can be reused (i.e. was paid by lightning or has expired)
        """
        keys = self._requests_addr_to_key.get(addr) or []
        reqs = [self._receive_requests.get(key) for key in keys]
        reqs = [req for req in reqs if req]  # filter None
        if not reqs:
            return
        # filter out expired
        reqs = [req for req in reqs if self.get_invoice_status(req) != PR_EXPIRED]
        # filter out paid-with-lightning
        if self.lnworker:
            reqs = [req for req in reqs
                    if not req.is_lightning() or self.lnworker.get_invoice_status(req) == PR_UNPAID]
        if not reqs:
            return None
        # note: There typically should not be more than one relevant request for an address.
        #       If there's multiple, return the one created last (see #8113). Consider:
        #       - there is an old expired req1, and a newer unpaid req2, reusing the same addr (and same amount),
        #       - now req2 gets paid. however, get_invoice_status will say both req1 and req2 are PAID. (see #8061)
        #       - as a workaround, we return the request with the larger creation time.
        reqs.sort(key=lambda req: req.get_time())
        return reqs[-1]

    def get_request(self, request_id: str) -> Optional[Request]:
        return self._receive_requests.get(request_id)

    def get_formatted_request(self, request_id):
        x = self.get_request(request_id)
        if x:
            return self.export_request(x)

    def export_request(self, x: Request) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        key = x.get_id()
        status = self.get_invoice_status(x)
        d = x.as_dict(status)
        d['request_id'] = d.pop('id')
        if x.is_lightning():
            d['rhash'] = x.rhash
            d['lightning_invoice'] = self.get_bolt11_invoice(x)
            if self.lnworker and status == PR_UNPAID:
                d['can_receive'] = self.lnworker.can_receive_invoice(x)
        if address := x.get_address():
            d['address'] = address
            d['URI'] = self.get_request_URI(x)
            # if request was paid onchain, add relevant fields
            # note: addr is reused when getting paid on LN! so we check for that.
            _, conf, tx_hashes = self._is_onchain_invoice_paid(x)
            if not x.is_lightning() or not self.lnworker or self.lnworker.get_invoice_status(x) != PR_PAID:
                if conf is not None:
                    d['confirmations'] = conf
                d['tx_hashes'] = tx_hashes
        run_hook('wallet_export_request', d, key)
        return d

    def export_invoice(self, x: Invoice) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        key = x.get_id()
        status = self.get_invoice_status(x)
        d = x.as_dict(status)
        d['invoice_id'] = d.pop('id')
        if x.is_lightning():
            d['lightning_invoice'] = x.lightning_invoice
            if self.lnworker and status == PR_UNPAID:
                d['can_pay'] = self.lnworker.can_pay_invoice(x)
        else:
            amount_sat = x.get_amount_sat()
            assert isinstance(amount_sat, (int, str, type(None)))
            d['outputs'] = [y.to_legacy_tuple() for y in x.get_outputs()]
            if x.bip70:
                d['bip70'] = x.bip70
        return d

    def get_invoices_and_requests_touched_by_tx(self, tx):
        request_keys = set()
        invoice_keys = set()
        with self.lock, self.transaction_lock:
            for txo in tx.outputs():
                addr = txo.address
                if request:=self.get_request_by_addr(addr):
                    request_keys.add(request.get_id())
                for invoice_key in self._invoices_from_scriptpubkey_map.get(txo.scriptpubkey, set()):
                    invoice_keys.add(invoice_key)
        return request_keys, invoice_keys

    def _update_invoices_and_reqs_touched_by_tx(self, tx_hash: str) -> None:
        # FIXME in some cases if tx2 replaces unconfirmed tx1 in the mempool, we are not called.
        #       For a given receive request, if tx1 touches it but tx2 does not, then
        #       we were called when tx1 was added, but we will not get called when tx2 replaces tx1.
        tx = self.db.get_transaction(tx_hash)
        if tx is None:
            return
        request_keys, invoice_keys = self.get_invoices_and_requests_touched_by_tx(tx)
        for key in request_keys:
            request = self.get_request(key)
            if not request:
                continue
            status = self.get_invoice_status(request)
            util.trigger_callback('request_status', self, request.get_id(), status)
        self._update_onchain_invoice_paid_detection(invoice_keys)

    def set_broadcasting(self, tx: Transaction, *, broadcasting_status: Optional[int]):
        request_keys, invoice_keys = self.get_invoices_and_requests_touched_by_tx(tx)
        for key in invoice_keys:
            invoice = self._invoices.get(key)
            if not invoice:
                continue
            invoice._broadcasting_status = broadcasting_status
            status = self.get_invoice_status(invoice)
            util.trigger_callback('invoice_status', self, key, status)

    def get_bolt11_invoice(self, req: Request) -> str:
        if not self.lnworker:
            return ''
        if (payment_hash := req.payment_hash) is None:  # e.g. req might have been generated before enabling LN
            return ''
        amount_msat = req.get_amount_msat() or None
        assert (amount_msat is None or amount_msat > 0), amount_msat
        lnaddr, invoice = self.lnworker.get_bolt11_invoice(
            payment_hash=payment_hash,
            amount_msat=amount_msat,
            message=req.message,
            expiry=req.exp,
            fallback_address=req.get_address() if self.config.WALLET_BOLT11_FALLBACK else None)
        return invoice

    def create_request(self, amount_sat: Optional[int], message: Optional[str], exp_delay: Optional[int], address: Optional[str]):
        # for receiving
        amount_sat = amount_sat or 0
        assert isinstance(amount_sat, int), f"{amount_sat!r}"
        amount_msat = None if not amount_sat else amount_sat * 1000  # amount_sat in [None, 0] implies undefined.
        message = message or ''
        address = address or None  # converts "" to None
        exp_delay = exp_delay or 0
        timestamp = int(Request._get_cur_time())
        payment_hash = None  # type: Optional[bytes]
        if self.has_lightning():
            payment_hash = self.lnworker.create_payment_info(amount_msat=amount_msat, write_to_disk=False)
        outputs = [PartialTxOutput.from_address_and_value(address, amount_sat)] if address else []
        height = self.adb.get_local_height()
        req = Request(
            outputs=outputs,
            message=message,
            time=timestamp,
            amount_msat=amount_msat,
            exp=exp_delay,
            height=height,
            bip70=None,
            payment_hash=payment_hash,
        )
        key = self.add_payment_request(req)
        return key

    def add_payment_request(self, req: Request, *, write_to_disk: bool = True):
        request_id = req.get_id()
        self._receive_requests[request_id] = req
        if addr:=req.get_address():
            self._requests_addr_to_key[addr].add(request_id)
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()
        return request_id

    def delete_request(self, request_id, *, write_to_disk: bool = True):
        """ lightning or on-chain """
        req = self.get_request(request_id)
        if req is None:
            return
        self._receive_requests.pop(request_id, None)
        if addr:=req.get_address():
            self._requests_addr_to_key[addr].discard(request_id)
        if req.is_lightning() and self.lnworker:
            self.lnworker.delete_payment_info(req.rhash)
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()

    def delete_invoice(self, invoice_id, *, write_to_disk: bool = True):
        """ lightning or on-chain """
        inv = self._invoices.pop(invoice_id, None)
        if inv is None:
            return
        if inv.is_lightning() and self.lnworker:
            self.lnworker.delete_payment_info(inv.rhash)
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()

    def get_sorted_requests(self) -> List[Request]:
        """ sorted by timestamp """
        out = [self.get_request(x) for x in self._receive_requests.keys()]
        out = [x for x in out if x is not None]
        out.sort(key=lambda x: x.time)
        return out

    def get_unpaid_requests(self) -> List[Request]:
        out = [x for x in self._receive_requests.values() if self.get_invoice_status(x) != PR_PAID]
        out.sort(key=lambda x: x.time)
        return out

    def delete_expired_requests(self):
        keys = [k for k, v in self._receive_requests.items() if self.get_invoice_status(v) == PR_EXPIRED]
        self.delete_requests(keys)
        return keys

    def delete_requests(self, keys):
        for key in keys:
            self.delete_request(key, write_to_disk=False)
        if keys:
            self.save_db()

    @abstractmethod
    def get_fingerprint(self) -> str:
        """Returns a string that can be used to identify this wallet.
        Used e.g. by Labels plugin, and LN channel backups.
        Returns empty string "" for wallets that don't have an ID.
        """
        pass

    def can_import_privkey(self):
        return False

    def can_import_address(self):
        return False

    def can_delete_address(self):
        return False

    def has_password(self) -> bool:
        return self.has_keystore_encryption() or self.has_storage_encryption()

    def can_have_keystore_encryption(self):
        return self.keystore and self.keystore.may_have_password()

    def get_available_storage_encryption_version(self) -> StorageEncryptionVersion:
        """Returns the type of storage encryption offered to the user.

        A wallet file (storage) is either encrypted with this version
        or is stored in plaintext.
        """
        if isinstance(self.keystore, Hardware_KeyStore):
            return StorageEncryptionVersion.XPUB_PASSWORD
        else:
            return StorageEncryptionVersion.USER_PASSWORD

    def has_keystore_encryption(self) -> bool:
        """Returns whether encryption is enabled for the keystore.

        If True, e.g. signing a transaction will require a password.
        """
        if self.can_have_keystore_encryption():
            return bool(self.db.get('use_encryption', False))
        return False

    def has_storage_encryption(self) -> bool:
        """Returns whether encryption is enabled for the wallet file on disk."""
        return bool(self.storage) and self.storage.is_encrypted()

    @classmethod
    def may_have_password(cls):
        return True

    def check_password(self, password: Optional[str]) -> None:
        """Raises an InvalidPassword exception on invalid password"""
        if not self.has_password():
            if password is not None:
                raise InvalidPassword("password given but wallet has no password")
            return
        if self.has_keystore_encryption():
            self.keystore.check_password(password)
        if self.has_storage_encryption():
            self.storage.check_password(password)

    def update_password(self, old_pw, new_pw, *, encrypt_storage: bool = True):
        if old_pw is None and self.has_password():
            raise InvalidPassword()
        self.check_password(old_pw)
        if self.storage:
            if encrypt_storage:
                enc_version = self.get_available_storage_encryption_version()
            else:
                enc_version = StorageEncryptionVersion.PLAINTEXT
            self.storage.set_password(new_pw, enc_version)
        # make sure next storage.write() saves changes
        self.db.set_modified(True)

        # note: Encrypting storage with a hw device is currently only
        #       allowed for non-multisig wallets. Further,
        #       Hardware_KeyStore.may_have_password() == False.
        #       If these were not the case,
        #       extra care would need to be taken when encrypting keystores.
        self._update_password_for_keystore(old_pw, new_pw)
        encrypt_keystore = self.can_have_keystore_encryption()
        self.db.set_keystore_encryption(bool(new_pw) and encrypt_keystore)
        # save changes. force full rewrite to rm remnants of old password
        if self.storage and self.storage.file_exists():
            self.db.write_and_force_consolidation()
        # if wallet was previously unlocked, update password in memory
        if self._password_in_memory is not None:
            self._password_in_memory = new_pw

    @abstractmethod
    def _update_password_for_keystore(self, old_pw: Optional[str], new_pw: Optional[str]) -> None:
        pass

    def sign_message(self, address: str, message: str, password) -> bytes:
        index = self.get_address_index(address)
        script_type = self.get_txin_type(address)
        assert script_type != "address"
        return self.keystore.sign_message(index, message, password, script_type=script_type)

    def decrypt_message(self, pubkey: str, message, password) -> bytes:
        addr = self.pubkeys_to_address([pubkey])
        index = self.get_address_index(addr)
        return self.keystore.decrypt_message(index, message, password)

    @abstractmethod
    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkeys: Sequence[str]) -> Optional[str]:
        pass

    def price_at_timestamp(self, txid, price_func):
        """Returns fiat price of bitcoin at the time tx got confirmed."""
        timestamp = self.adb.get_tx_height(txid).timestamp
        return price_func(timestamp if timestamp else time.time())

    def average_price(self, txid, price_func, ccy) -> Decimal:
        """ Average acquisition price of the inputs of a transaction """
        input_value = 0
        total_price = 0
        txi_addresses = self.db.get_txi_addresses(txid)
        if not txi_addresses:
            return Decimal('NaN')
        for addr in txi_addresses:
            d = self.db.get_txi_addr(txid, addr)
            for ser, v in d:
                input_value += v
                total_price += self.coin_price(ser.split(':')[0], price_func, ccy, v)
        return total_price / (input_value/Decimal(COIN))

    def clear_coin_price_cache(self):
        self._coin_price_cache = {}

    def coin_price(self, txid, price_func, ccy, txin_value) -> Decimal:
        """
        Acquisition price of a coin.
        This assumes that either all inputs are mine, or no input is mine.
        """
        if txin_value is None:
            return Decimal('NaN')
        cache_key = "{}:{}:{}".format(str(txid), str(ccy), str(txin_value))
        result = self._coin_price_cache.get(cache_key, None)
        if result is not None:
            return result
        if self.db.get_txi_addresses(txid):
            result = self.average_price(txid, price_func, ccy) * txin_value/Decimal(COIN)
            self._coin_price_cache[cache_key] = result
            return result
        else:
            fiat_value = self.get_fiat_value(txid, ccy)
            if fiat_value is not None:
                return fiat_value
            else:
                p = self.price_at_timestamp(txid, price_func)
                return p * txin_value/Decimal(COIN)

    def is_billing_address(self, addr):
        # overridden for TrustedCoin wallets
        return False

    @abstractmethod
    def is_watching_only(self) -> bool:
        pass

    def get_keystore(self) -> Optional[KeyStore]:
        return self.keystore

    def get_keystores(self) -> Sequence[KeyStore]:
        return [self.keystore] if self.keystore else []

    @abstractmethod
    def save_keystore(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def has_seed(self) -> bool:
        pass

    def get_seed_type(self) -> Optional[str]:
        return None

    @abstractmethod
    def get_all_known_addresses_beyond_gap_limit(self) -> Set[str]:
        pass

    def create_transaction(
        self,
        outputs,
        *,
        fee=None,
        feerate=None,
        change_addr=None,
        domain_addr=None,
        domain_coins=None,
        sign=True,
        rbf=True,
        password=None,
        locktime=None,
        tx_version: Optional[int] = None,
        batch_rbf: Optional[bool] = None,
        send_change_to_lightning: Optional[bool] = None,
        nonlocal_only: bool = False,
    ) -> PartialTransaction:
        """Helper function for make_unsigned_transaction."""
        if fee is not None and feerate is not None:
            raise UserFacingException("Cannot specify both 'fee' and 'feerate' at the same time!")
        coins = self.get_spendable_coins(domain_addr, nonlocal_only=nonlocal_only)
        if domain_coins is not None:
            coins = [coin for coin in coins if (coin.prevout.to_str() in domain_coins)]
        if feerate is not None:
            fee_per_kb = 1000 * Decimal(feerate)
            fee_estimator = partial(SimpleConfig.estimate_fee_for_feerate, fee_per_kb)
        else:
            fee_estimator = fee
        tx = self.make_unsigned_transaction(
            coins=coins,
            outputs=outputs,
            fee=fee_estimator,
            change_addr=change_addr,
            batch_rbf=batch_rbf,
            send_change_to_lightning=send_change_to_lightning,
            rbf=rbf,
        )
        if locktime is not None:
            tx.locktime = locktime
        if tx_version is not None:
            tx.version = tx_version
        if sign:
            self.sign_transaction(tx, password)
        return tx

    def _check_risk_of_burning_coins_as_fees(self, tx: 'PartialTransaction') -> TxSighashDanger:
        """Helper method to check if there is risk of burning coins as fees if we sign.
        Note that if not all inputs are ismine, e.g. coinjoin, the risk is not just about fees.

        Note:
            - legacy sighash does not commit to any input amounts
            - BIP-0143 sighash only commits to the *corresponding* input amount
            - BIP-taproot sighash commits to *all* input amounts
        """
        assert isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction)
        rl = TxSighashRiskLevel
        short_message = _("Warning") + ": " + _("The fee could not be verified!")
        # check that all inputs use SIGHASH_ALL
        if not all(txin.sighash in (None, Sighash.ALL) for txin in tx.inputs()):
            messages = [(_("Warning") + ": "
                         + _("Some inputs use non-default sighash flags, which might affect the fee."))]
            return TxSighashDanger(risk_level=rl.FEE_WARNING_NEEDCONFIRM, short_message=short_message, messages=messages)
        # if we have all full previous txs, we *know* all the input amounts -> fine
        if all([txin.utxo for txin in tx.inputs()]):
            return TxSighashDanger(risk_level=rl.SAFE)
        # a single segwit input -> fine
        if len(tx.inputs()) == 1 and tx.inputs()[0].is_segwit() and tx.inputs()[0].witness_utxo:
            return TxSighashDanger(risk_level=rl.SAFE)
        # coinjoin or similar
        if any([not self.is_mine(txin.address) for txin in tx.inputs()]):
            messages = [(_("Warning") + ": "
                         + _("The input amounts could not be verified as the previous transactions are missing.\n"
                             "The amount of money being spent CANNOT be verified."))]
            return TxSighashDanger(risk_level=rl.FEE_WARNING_NEEDCONFIRM, short_message=short_message, messages=messages)
        # some inputs are legacy
        if any([not txin.is_segwit() for txin in tx.inputs()]):
            messages = [(_("Warning") + ": "
                         + _("The fee could not be verified. Signing non-segwit inputs is risky:\n"
                             "if this transaction was maliciously modified before you sign,\n"
                             "you might end up paying a higher mining fee than displayed."))]
            return TxSighashDanger(risk_level=rl.FEE_WARNING_NEEDCONFIRM, short_message=short_message, messages=messages)
        # all inputs are segwit
        # https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2017-August/014843.html
        messages = [(_("Warning") + ": "
                     + _("If you received this transaction from an untrusted device, "
                         "do not accept to sign it more than once,\n"
                         "otherwise you could end up paying a different fee."))]
        return TxSighashDanger(risk_level=rl.FEE_WARNING_SKIPCONFIRM, short_message=short_message, messages=messages)

    def check_sighash(self, tx: 'PartialTransaction') -> TxSighashDanger:
        """Checks the Sighash for my inputs and considers if the tx is safe to sign."""
        assert isinstance(tx, PartialTransaction)
        rl = TxSighashRiskLevel
        hintmap = {
            0:                    (rl.SAFE,           None),
            Sighash.NONE:         (rl.INSANE_SIGHASH, _('Input {} is marked SIGHASH_NONE.')),
            Sighash.SINGLE:       (rl.WEIRD_SIGHASH,  _('Input {} is marked SIGHASH_SINGLE.')),
            Sighash.ALL:          (rl.SAFE,           None),
            Sighash.ANYONECANPAY: (rl.WEIRD_SIGHASH,  _('Input {} is marked SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY.')),
        }
        sighash_danger = TxSighashDanger()
        for txin_idx, txin in enumerate(tx.inputs()):
            if txin.sighash in (None, Sighash.ALL):
                continue  # None will get converted to Sighash.ALL, so these values are safe
            # found interesting sighash flag
            addr = self.adb.get_txin_address(txin)
            if self.is_mine(addr):
                sh_base = txin.sighash & (Sighash.ANYONECANPAY ^ 0xff)
                sh_acp = txin.sighash & Sighash.ANYONECANPAY
                for sh in [sh_base, sh_acp]:
                    if msg := hintmap[sh][1]:
                        risk_level = hintmap[sh][0]
                        header = _('Fatal') if TxSighashDanger(risk_level=risk_level).needs_reject() else _('Warning')
                        shd = TxSighashDanger(
                            risk_level=risk_level,
                            short_message=_('Danger! This transaction uses non-default sighash flags!'),
                            messages=[f"{header}: {msg.format(txin_idx)}"],
                        )
                        sighash_danger = sighash_danger.combine(shd)
        if sighash_danger.needs_reject():  # no point for further tests
            return sighash_danger
        # if we show any fee to the user, check now how reliable that is:
        if self.get_wallet_delta(tx).fee is not None:
            shd = self._check_risk_of_burning_coins_as_fees(tx)
            sighash_danger = sighash_danger.combine(shd)
        return sighash_danger

    def get_tx_fee_warning(
            self, *,
            invoice_amt: int,
            tx_size: int,
            fee: int) -> Optional[Tuple[bool, str, str]]:

        feerate = Decimal(fee) / tx_size  # sat/byte
        fee_ratio = Decimal(fee) / invoice_amt if invoice_amt else 0
        long_warning = None
        short_warning = None
        allow_send = True
        if feerate < self.relayfee() / 1000:
            long_warning = ' '.join([
                _("This transaction requires a higher fee, or it will not be propagated by your current server."),
                _("Try to raise your transaction fee, or use a server with a lower relay fee.")
            ])
            short_warning = _("below relay fee") + "!"
            allow_send = False
        elif fee_ratio >= FEE_RATIO_HIGH_WARNING:
            long_warning = ' '.join([
                _("The fee for this transaction seems unusually high."),
                _("({}% of amount)").format(f'{fee_ratio*100:.2f}')
            ])
            short_warning = _("high fee ratio") + "!"
        elif feerate > FEERATE_WARNING_HIGH_FEE / 1000:
            long_warning = ' '.join([
                _("The fee for this transaction seems unusually high."),
                _("(feerate: {})").format(self.config.format_fee_rate(1000 * feerate))
            ])
            short_warning = _("high fee rate") + "!"
        if long_warning is None:
            return None
        else:
            return allow_send, long_warning, short_warning

    def get_help_texts_for_receive_request(self, req: Request) -> ReceiveRequestHelp:
        key = req.get_id()
        addr = req.get_address() or ''
        amount_sat = req.get_amount_sat() or 0
        address_help = ''
        URI_help = ''
        ln_help = ''
        address_is_error = False
        URI_is_error = False
        ln_is_error = False
        ln_swap_suggestion = None
        ln_rebalance_suggestion = None
        URI = self.get_request_URI(req) or ''
        lightning_online = self.lnworker and self.lnworker.num_peers() > 0
        can_receive_lightning = self.lnworker and amount_sat <= self.lnworker.num_sats_can_receive()
        status = self.get_invoice_status(req)

        if status == PR_EXPIRED:
            address_help = URI_help = ln_help = _('This request has expired')

        is_amt_too_small_for_onchain = amount_sat and amount_sat < self.dust_threshold()
        if not addr:
            address_is_error = True
            address_help = _('This request cannot be paid on-chain')
            if is_amt_too_small_for_onchain:
                address_help = _('Amount too small to be received onchain')
        if not URI:
            URI_is_error = True
            URI_help = _('This request cannot be paid on-chain')
            if is_amt_too_small_for_onchain:
                URI_help = _('Amount too small to be received onchain')
        if not req.is_lightning():
            ln_is_error = True
            ln_help = _('This request does not have a Lightning invoice.')

        if status == PR_UNPAID:
            if self.adb.is_used(addr):
                address_help = URI_help = (_("This address has already been used. "
                                             "For better privacy, do not reuse it for new payments."))
            if req.is_lightning():
                if not lightning_online:
                    ln_is_error = True
                    ln_help = _('You must be online to receive Lightning payments.')
                elif not can_receive_lightning:
                    ln_is_error = True
                    ln_rebalance_suggestion = self.lnworker.suggest_rebalance_to_receive(amount_sat)
                    ln_swap_suggestion = self.lnworker.suggest_swap_to_receive(amount_sat)
                    ln_help = _('You do not have the capacity to receive this amount with Lightning.')
                    if bool(ln_rebalance_suggestion):
                        ln_help += '\n\n' + _('You may have that capacity if you rebalance your channels.')
                    elif bool(ln_swap_suggestion):
                        ln_help += '\n\n' + _('You may have that capacity if you swap some of your funds.')
        return ReceiveRequestHelp(
            address_help=address_help,
            URI_help=URI_help,
            ln_help=ln_help,
            address_is_error=address_is_error,
            URI_is_error=URI_is_error,
            ln_is_error=ln_is_error,
            ln_rebalance_suggestion=ln_rebalance_suggestion,
            ln_swap_suggestion=ln_swap_suggestion,
        )


    def synchronize(self) -> int:
        """Returns the number of new addresses we generated."""
        return 0

    def unlock(self, password):
        self.logger.info(f'unlocking wallet')
        if self.has_password():
            self.check_password(password)
        self._password_in_memory = password

    def get_unlocked_password(self):
        return self._password_in_memory


class Simple_Wallet(Abstract_Wallet):
    # wallet with a single keystore

    def is_watching_only(self):
        return self.keystore.is_watching_only()

    def _update_password_for_keystore(self, old_pw, new_pw):
        if self.keystore and self.keystore.may_have_password():
            self.keystore.update_password(old_pw, new_pw)
            self.save_keystore()

    def save_keystore(self):
        self.db.put('keystore', self.keystore.dump())

    @abstractmethod
    def get_public_key(self, address: str) -> Optional[str]:
        pass

    def get_public_keys(self, address: str) -> Sequence[str]:
        pk = self.get_public_key(address)
        return [pk] if pk else []


class Imported_Wallet(Simple_Wallet):
    # wallet made of imported addresses

    wallet_type = 'imported'
    txin_type = 'address'

    def __init__(self, db, *, config):
        Abstract_Wallet.__init__(self, db, config=config)
        self.use_change = db.get('use_change', False)

    def is_watching_only(self):
        return self.keystore is None

    def can_import_privkey(self):
        return bool(self.keystore)

    def load_keystore(self):
        self.keystore = load_keystore(self.db, 'keystore') if self.db.get('keystore') else None

    def save_keystore(self):
        self.db.put('keystore', self.keystore.dump())

    def can_import_address(self):
        return self.is_watching_only()

    def can_delete_address(self):
        return True

    def has_seed(self):
        return False

    def is_deterministic(self):
        return False

    def is_change(self, address):
        return False

    def get_all_known_addresses_beyond_gap_limit(self) -> Set[str]:
        return set()

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        return ''

    def get_addresses(self):
        # note: overridden so that the history can be cleared
        return self.db.get_imported_addresses()

    def get_receiving_addresses(self, **kwargs):
        return self.get_addresses()

    def get_change_addresses(self, **kwargs):
        return self.get_addresses()

    def import_addresses(self, addresses: List[str], *,
                         write_to_disk=True) -> Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]:
        good_addr = []  # type: List[str]
        bad_addr = []  # type: List[Tuple[str, str]]
        for address in addresses:
            if not bitcoin.is_address(address):
                bad_addr.append((address, _('invalid address')))
                continue
            if self.db.has_imported_address(address):
                bad_addr.append((address, _('address already in wallet')))
                continue
            good_addr.append(address)
            self.db.add_imported_address(address, {})
            self.adb.add_address(address)
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()
        return good_addr, bad_addr

    def import_address(self, address: str) -> str:
        good_addr, bad_addr = self.import_addresses([address])
        if good_addr and good_addr[0] == address:
            return address
        else:
            raise BitcoinException(str(bad_addr[0][1]))

    def delete_address(self, address: str) -> None:
        if not self.db.has_imported_address(address):
            return
        if len(self.get_addresses()) <= 1:
            raise UserFacingException(_('Cannot delete last remaining address from wallet'))
        transactions_to_remove = set()  # only referred to by this address
        transactions_new = set()  # txs that are not only referred to by address
        with self.lock:
            for addr in self.db.get_history():
                details = self.adb.get_address_history(addr).items()
                if addr == address:
                    for tx_hash, height in details:
                        transactions_to_remove.add(tx_hash)
                else:
                    for tx_hash, height in details:
                        transactions_new.add(tx_hash)
            transactions_to_remove -= transactions_new
            self.db.remove_addr_history(address)
            for tx_hash in transactions_to_remove:
                self.adb._remove_transaction(tx_hash)
        self.set_label(address, None)
        if req:= self.get_request_by_addr(address):
            self.delete_request(req.get_id())
        self.set_frozen_state_of_addresses([address], False, write_to_disk=False)
        pubkey = self.get_public_key(address)
        self.db.remove_imported_address(address)
        if pubkey:
            # delete key iff no other address uses it (e.g. p2pkh and p2wpkh for same key)
            for txin_type in bitcoin.WIF_SCRIPT_TYPES.keys():
                try:
                    addr2 = bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(txin_type, pubkey)
                except NotImplementedError:
                    pass
                else:
                    if self.db.has_imported_address(addr2):
                        break
            else:
                self.keystore.delete_imported_key(pubkey)
                self.save_keystore()
        self.save_db()

    def get_change_addresses_for_new_transaction(self, *args, **kwargs) -> List[str]:
        # for an imported wallet, if all "change addresses" are already used,
        # it is probably better to send change back to the "from address", than to
        # send it to another random used address and link them together, hence
        # we force "allow_reusing_used_change_addrs=False"
        return super().get_change_addresses_for_new_transaction(
            *args,
            **{**kwargs, "allow_reusing_used_change_addrs": False},
        )

    def calc_unused_change_addresses(self) -> Sequence[str]:
        with self.lock:
            unused_addrs = [addr for addr in self.get_change_addresses()
                            if not self.adb.is_used(addr) and not self.is_address_reserved(addr)]
            return unused_addrs

    def is_mine(self, address) -> bool:
        if not address: return False
        return self.db.has_imported_address(address)

    def get_address_index(self, address) -> Optional[str]:
        # returns None if address is not mine
        return self.get_public_key(address)

    def get_address_path_str(self, address):
        return None

    def get_public_key(self, address) -> Optional[str]:
        x = self.db.get_imported_address(address)
        return x.get('pubkey') if x else None

    def import_private_keys(self, keys: List[str], password: Optional[str], *,
                            write_to_disk=True) -> Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]:
        good_addr = []  # type: List[str]
        bad_keys = []  # type: List[Tuple[str, str]]
        for key in keys:
            try:
                txin_type, pubkey = self.keystore.import_privkey(key, password)
            except Exception as e:
                bad_keys.append((key, _('invalid private key') + f': {e}'))
                continue
            if txin_type not in ('p2pkh', 'p2wpkh', 'p2wpkh-p2sh'):
                bad_keys.append((key, _('not implemented type') + f': {txin_type}'))
                continue
            addr = bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(txin_type, pubkey)
            good_addr.append(addr)
            self.db.add_imported_address(addr, {'type':txin_type, 'pubkey':pubkey})
            self.adb.add_address(addr)
        self.save_keystore()
        if write_to_disk:
            self.save_db()
        return good_addr, bad_keys

    def import_private_key(self, key: str, password: Optional[str]) -> str:
        good_addr, bad_keys = self.import_private_keys([key], password=password)
        if good_addr:
            return good_addr[0]
        else:
            raise BitcoinException(str(bad_keys[0][1]))

    def get_txin_type(self, address):
        return self.db.get_imported_address(address).get('type', 'address')

    @profiler
    def try_detecting_internal_addresses_corruption(self):
        # we check only a random sample, for performance
        addresses_all = self.get_addresses()
        # some random *used* addresses (note: we likely have not synced yet)
        addresses_used = [addr for addr in addresses_all if self.adb.is_used(addr)]
        sample1 = random.sample(addresses_used, min(len(addresses_used), 10))
        # some random *unused* addresses
        addresses_unused = [addr for addr in addresses_all if not self.adb.is_used(addr)]
        sample2 = random.sample(addresses_unused, min(len(addresses_unused), 10))
        for addr_found in itertools.chain(sample1, sample2):
            self.check_address_for_corruption(addr_found)

    def check_address_for_corruption(self, addr):
        if addr and self.is_mine(addr):
            pubkey = self.get_public_key(addr)
            if not pubkey:
                return
            txin_type = self.get_txin_type(addr)
            if txin_type == 'address':
                return
            if addr != bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(txin_type, pubkey):
                raise InternalAddressCorruption()

    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkeys):
        pubkey = pubkeys[0]
        # FIXME This is slow.
        #       Ideally we would re-derive the address from the pubkey and the txin_type,
        #       but we don't know the txin_type, and we only have an addr->txin_type map.
        #       so instead a linear search of reverse-lookups is done...
        for addr in self.db.get_imported_addresses():
            if self.db.get_imported_address(addr)['pubkey'] == pubkey:
                return addr
        return None

    def decrypt_message(self, pubkey: str, message, password) -> bytes:
        # this is significantly faster than the implementation in the superclass
        return self.keystore.decrypt_message(pubkey, message, password)


class Deterministic_Wallet(Abstract_Wallet):

    def __init__(self, db, *, config):
        self._ephemeral_addr_to_addr_index = {}  # type: Dict[str, Sequence[int]]
        Abstract_Wallet.__init__(self, db, config=config)
        self.gap_limit = db.get('gap_limit', 20)
        # generate addresses now. note that without libsecp this might block
        # for a few seconds!
        self.synchronize()

    def _init_lnworker(self):
        # lightning_privkey2 is not deterministic (legacy wallets, bip39)
        ln_xprv = self.db.get('lightning_xprv') or self.db.get('lightning_privkey2')
        # lnworker can only be initialized once receiving addresses are available
        # therefore we instantiate lnworker in DeterministicWallet
        self.lnworker = LNWallet(self, ln_xprv) if ln_xprv else None

    def has_seed(self):
        return self.keystore.has_seed()

    def get_addresses(self):
        # note: overridden so that the history can be cleared.
        # addresses are ordered based on derivation
        out = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        out += self.get_change_addresses()
        return out

    def get_receiving_addresses(self, *, slice_start=None, slice_stop=None):
        return self.db.get_receiving_addresses(slice_start=slice_start, slice_stop=slice_stop)

    def get_change_addresses(self, *, slice_start=None, slice_stop=None):
        return self.db.get_change_addresses(slice_start=slice_start, slice_stop=slice_stop)

    @profiler
    def try_detecting_internal_addresses_corruption(self):
        addresses_all = self.get_addresses()
        # first few addresses
        nfirst_few = 10
        sample1 = addresses_all[:nfirst_few]
        # some random *used* addresses (note: we likely have not synced yet)
        addresses_used = [addr for addr in addresses_all[nfirst_few:] if self.adb.is_used(addr)]
        sample2 = random.sample(addresses_used, min(len(addresses_used), 10))
        # some random *unused* addresses
        addresses_unused = [addr for addr in addresses_all[nfirst_few:] if not self.adb.is_used(addr)]
        sample3 = random.sample(addresses_unused, min(len(addresses_unused), 10))
        for addr_found in itertools.chain(sample1, sample2, sample3):
            self.check_address_for_corruption(addr_found)

    def check_address_for_corruption(self, addr):
        if addr and self.is_mine(addr):
            if addr != self.derive_address(*self.get_address_index(addr)):
                raise InternalAddressCorruption()

    def get_seed(self, password):
        return self.keystore.get_seed(password)

    def get_seed_type(self) -> Optional[str]:
        if not self.has_seed():
            return None
        assert isinstance(self.keystore, keystore.Deterministic_KeyStore), type(self.keystore)
        return self.keystore.get_seed_type()

    def change_gap_limit(self, value):
        '''This method is not called in the code, it is kept for console use'''
        value = int(value)
        if value >= self.min_acceptable_gap():
            self.gap_limit = value
            self.db.put('gap_limit', self.gap_limit)
            self.save_db()
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def num_unused_trailing_addresses(self, addresses):
        k = 0
        for addr in addresses[::-1]:
            if self.db.get_addr_history(addr):
                break
            k += 1
        return k

    def min_acceptable_gap(self) -> int:
        # fixme: this assumes wallet is synchronized
        n = 0
        nmax = 0
        addresses = self.get_receiving_addresses()
        k = self.num_unused_trailing_addresses(addresses)
        for addr in addresses[0:-k]:
            if self.adb.address_is_old(addr):
                n = 0
            else:
                n += 1
                nmax = max(nmax, n)
        return nmax + 1

    @abstractmethod
    def derive_pubkeys(self, c: int, i: int) -> Sequence[str]:
        pass

    def derive_address(self, for_change: int, n: int) -> str:
        for_change = int(for_change)
        pubkeys = self.derive_pubkeys(for_change, n)
        return self.pubkeys_to_address(pubkeys)

    def export_private_key_for_path(self, path: Union[Sequence[int], str], password: Optional[str]) -> str:
        if isinstance(path, str):
            path = convert_bip32_strpath_to_intpath(path)
        pk, compressed = self.keystore.get_private_key(path, password)
        txin_type = self.get_txin_type()  # assumes no mixed-scripts in wallet
        return bitcoin.serialize_privkey(pk, compressed, txin_type)

    def get_public_keys_with_deriv_info(self, address: str):
        der_suffix = self.get_address_index(address)
        der_suffix = [int(x) for x in der_suffix]
        return {k.derive_pubkey(*der_suffix): (k, der_suffix)
                for k in self.get_keystores()}

    def _add_txinout_derivation_info(self, txinout, address, *, only_der_suffix):
        if not self.is_mine(address):
            return
        pubkey_deriv_info = self.get_public_keys_with_deriv_info(address)
        for pubkey in pubkey_deriv_info:
            ks, der_suffix = pubkey_deriv_info[pubkey]
            fp_bytes, der_full = ks.get_fp_and_derivation_to_be_used_in_partial_tx(der_suffix,
                                                                                   only_der_suffix=only_der_suffix)
            txinout.bip32_paths[pubkey] = (fp_bytes, der_full)

    def create_new_address(self, for_change: bool = False):
        assert type(for_change) is bool
        with self.lock:
            n = self.db.num_change_addresses() if for_change else self.db.num_receiving_addresses()
            address = self.derive_address(int(for_change), n)
            self.db.add_change_address(address) if for_change else self.db.add_receiving_address(address)
            self.adb.add_address(address)
            if for_change:
                # note: if it's actually "old", it will get filtered later
                self._not_old_change_addresses.append(address)
            return address

    def synchronize_sequence(self, for_change: bool) -> int:
        count = 0  # num new addresses we generated
        limit = self.gap_limit_for_change if for_change else self.gap_limit
        while True:
            num_addr = self.db.num_change_addresses() if for_change else self.db.num_receiving_addresses()
            if num_addr < limit:
                count += 1
                self.create_new_address(for_change)
                continue
            if for_change:
                last_few_addresses = self.get_change_addresses(slice_start=-limit)
            else:
                last_few_addresses = self.get_receiving_addresses(slice_start=-limit)
            if any(map(self.adb.address_is_old, last_few_addresses)):
                count += 1
                self.create_new_address(for_change)
            else:
                break
        return count

    def synchronize(self):
        count = 0
        with self.lock:
            count += self.synchronize_sequence(False)
            count += self.synchronize_sequence(True)
        return count

    def get_all_known_addresses_beyond_gap_limit(self):
        # note that we don't stop at first large gap
        found = set()

        def process_addresses(addrs, gap_limit):
            rolling_num_unused = 0
            for addr in addrs:
                if self.db.get_addr_history(addr):
                    rolling_num_unused = 0
                else:
                    if rolling_num_unused >= gap_limit:
                        found.add(addr)
                    rolling_num_unused += 1

        process_addresses(self.get_receiving_addresses(), self.gap_limit)
        process_addresses(self.get_change_addresses(), self.gap_limit_for_change)
        return found

    def get_address_index(self, address) -> Optional[Sequence[int]]:
        return self.db.get_address_index(address) or self._ephemeral_addr_to_addr_index.get(address)

    def get_address_path_str(self, address):
        intpath = self.get_address_index(address)
        if intpath is None:
            return None
        return convert_bip32_intpath_to_strpath(intpath)

    def _learn_derivation_path_for_address_from_txinout(self, txinout, address):
        for ks in self.get_keystores():
            pubkey, der_suffix = ks.find_my_pubkey_in_txinout(txinout, only_der_suffix=True)
            if der_suffix is not None:
                # note: we already know the pubkey belongs to the keystore,
                #       but the script template might be different
                if len(der_suffix) != 2: continue
                try:
                    my_address = self.derive_address(*der_suffix)
                except CannotDerivePubkey:
                    my_address = None
                if my_address == address:
                    self._ephemeral_addr_to_addr_index[address] = list(der_suffix)
                    return True
        return False

    def get_master_public_keys(self):
        return [self.get_master_public_key()]

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        return self.get_master_public_key()

    def get_txin_type(self, address=None):
        return self.txin_type


class Standard_Wallet(Simple_Wallet, Deterministic_Wallet):
    """ Deterministic Wallet with a single pubkey per address """
    wallet_type = 'standard'

    def __init__(self, db, *, config):
        Deterministic_Wallet.__init__(self, db, config=config)

    def get_public_key(self, address):
        sequence = self.get_address_index(address)
        pubkeys = self.derive_pubkeys(*sequence)
        return pubkeys[0]

    def load_keystore(self):
        self.keystore = load_keystore(self.db, 'keystore')  # type: KeyStoreWithMPK
        try:
            xtype = bip32.xpub_type(self.keystore.xpub)
        except Exception:
            xtype = 'standard'
        self.txin_type = 'p2pkh' if xtype == 'standard' else xtype

    def get_master_public_key(self):
        return self.keystore.get_master_public_key()

    def derive_pubkeys(self, c, i):
        return [self.keystore.derive_pubkey(c, i).hex()]

    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkeys):
        pubkey = pubkeys[0]
        return bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(self.txin_type, pubkey)

    def has_support_for_slip_19_ownership_proofs(self) -> bool:
        return self.keystore.has_support_for_slip_19_ownership_proofs()

    def add_slip_19_ownership_proofs_to_tx(self, tx: PartialTransaction) -> None:
        tx.add_info_from_wallet(self)
        self.keystore.add_slip_19_ownership_proofs_to_tx(tx=tx, password=None)


class Multisig_Wallet(Deterministic_Wallet):
    # generic m of n

    def __init__(self, db, *, config):
        self.wallet_type = db.get('wallet_type')
        self.m, self.n = multisig_type(self.wallet_type)
        Deterministic_Wallet.__init__(self, db, config=config)
        # sanity checks
        for ks in self.get_keystores():
            if not isinstance(ks, keystore.Xpub):
                raise Exception(f"unexpected keystore type={type(ks)} in multisig")
            if bip32.xpub_type(self.keystore.xpub) != bip32.xpub_type(ks.xpub):
                raise Exception(f"multisig wallet needs to have homogeneous xpub types")
        bip32_nodes = set({ks.get_bip32_node_for_xpub() for ks in self.get_keystores()})
        if len(bip32_nodes) != len(self.get_keystores()):
            raise Exception(f"duplicate xpubs in multisig")

    def get_public_keys(self, address):
        return [pk.hex() for pk in self.get_public_keys_with_deriv_info(address)]

    def pubkeys_to_address(self, pubkeys):
        redeem_script = self.pubkeys_to_scriptcode(pubkeys)
        return bitcoin.redeem_script_to_address(self.txin_type, redeem_script)

    def pubkeys_to_scriptcode(self, pubkeys: Sequence[str]) -> str:
        return transaction.multisig_script(sorted(pubkeys), self.m)

    def derive_pubkeys(self, c, i):
        return [k.derive_pubkey(c, i).hex() for k in self.get_keystores()]

    def load_keystore(self):
        self.keystores = {}
        for i in range(self.n):
            name = 'x%d'%(i+1)
            self.keystores[name] = load_keystore(self.db, name)
        self.keystore = self.keystores['x1']
        xtype = bip32.xpub_type(self.keystore.xpub)
        self.txin_type = 'p2sh' if xtype == 'standard' else xtype

    def save_keystore(self):
        for name, k in self.keystores.items():
            self.db.put(name, k.dump())

    def get_keystore(self):
        return self.keystores.get('x1')

    def get_keystores(self):
        return [self.keystores[i] for i in sorted(self.keystores.keys())]

    def can_have_keystore_encryption(self):
        return any([k.may_have_password() for k in self.get_keystores()])

    def _update_password_for_keystore(self, old_pw, new_pw):
        for name, keystore in self.keystores.items():
            if keystore.may_have_password():
                keystore.update_password(old_pw, new_pw)
                self.db.put(name, keystore.dump())

    def check_password(self, password):
        for name, keystore in self.keystores.items():
            if keystore.may_have_password():
                keystore.check_password(password)
        if self.has_storage_encryption():
            self.storage.check_password(password)

    def get_available_storage_encryption_version(self):
        # multisig wallets are not offered hw device encryption
        return StorageEncryptionVersion.USER_PASSWORD

    def has_seed(self):
        return self.keystore.has_seed()

    def is_watching_only(self):
        return all([k.is_watching_only() for k in self.get_keystores()])

    def get_master_public_key(self):
        return self.keystore.get_master_public_key()

    def get_master_public_keys(self):
        return [k.get_master_public_key() for k in self.get_keystores()]

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        return ''.join(sorted(self.get_master_public_keys()))


wallet_types = ['standard', 'multisig', 'imported']

def register_wallet_type(category):
    wallet_types.append(category)

wallet_constructors = {
    'standard': Standard_Wallet,
    'old': Standard_Wallet,
    'xpub': Standard_Wallet,
    'imported': Imported_Wallet
}

def register_constructor(wallet_type, constructor):
    wallet_constructors[wallet_type] = constructor

# former WalletFactory
class Wallet(object):
    """The main wallet "entry point".
    This class is actually a factory that will return a wallet of the correct
    type when passed a WalletStorage instance."""

    def __new__(self, db: 'WalletDB', *, config: SimpleConfig):
        wallet_type = db.get('wallet_type')
        WalletClass = Wallet.wallet_class(wallet_type)
        wallet = WalletClass(db, config=config)
        return wallet

    @staticmethod
    def wallet_class(wallet_type):
        if multisig_type(wallet_type):
            return Multisig_Wallet
        if wallet_type in wallet_constructors:
            return wallet_constructors[wallet_type]
        raise WalletFileException("Unknown wallet type: " + str(wallet_type))


def create_new_wallet(*, path, config: SimpleConfig, passphrase=None, password=None,
                      encrypt_file=True, seed_type=None, gap_limit=None) -> dict:
    """Create a new wallet"""
    storage = WalletStorage(path)
    if storage.file_exists():
        raise UserFacingException("Remove the existing wallet first!")
    db = WalletDB('', storage=storage, upgrade=True)

    seed = Mnemonic('en').make_seed(seed_type=seed_type)
    k = keystore.from_seed(seed, passphrase=passphrase)
    db.put('keystore', k.dump())
    db.put('wallet_type', 'standard')
    if k.can_have_deterministic_lightning_xprv():
        db.put('lightning_xprv', k.get_lightning_xprv(None))
    if gap_limit is not None:
        db.put('gap_limit', gap_limit)
    wallet = Wallet(db, config=config)
    wallet.update_password(old_pw=None, new_pw=password, encrypt_storage=encrypt_file)
    wallet.synchronize()
    msg = "Please keep your seed in a safe place; if you lose it, you will not be able to restore your wallet."
    wallet.save_db()
    return {'seed': seed, 'wallet': wallet, 'msg': msg}


def restore_wallet_from_text(
    text: str,
    *,
    path: Optional[str],
    config: SimpleConfig,
    passphrase: Optional[str] = None,
    password: Optional[str] = None,
    encrypt_file: Optional[bool] = None,
    gap_limit: Optional[int] = None,
) -> dict:
    """Restore a wallet from text. Text can be a seed phrase, a master
    public key, a master private key, a list of bitcoin addresses
    or bitcoin private keys."""
    if path is None:  # create wallet in-memory
        storage = None
    else:
        storage = WalletStorage(path)
        if storage.file_exists():
            raise UserFacingException("Remove the existing wallet first!")
    if encrypt_file is None:
        encrypt_file = True
    db = WalletDB('', storage=storage, upgrade=True)
    text = text.strip()
    if keystore.is_address_list(text):
        wallet = Imported_Wallet(db, config=config)
        addresses = text.split()
        good_inputs, bad_inputs = wallet.import_addresses(addresses, write_to_disk=False)
        # FIXME tell user about bad_inputs
        if not good_inputs:
            raise UserFacingException("None of the given addresses can be imported")
    elif keystore.is_private_key_list(text, allow_spaces_inside_key=False):
        k = keystore.Imported_KeyStore({})
        db.put('keystore', k.dump())
        wallet = Imported_Wallet(db, config=config)
        keys = keystore.get_private_keys(text, allow_spaces_inside_key=False)
        good_inputs, bad_inputs = wallet.import_private_keys(keys, None, write_to_disk=False)
        # FIXME tell user about bad_inputs
        if not good_inputs:
            raise UserFacingException("None of the given privkeys can be imported")
    else:
        if keystore.is_master_key(text):
            k = keystore.from_master_key(text)
        elif keystore.is_seed(text):
            k = keystore.from_seed(text, passphrase=passphrase)
            if k.can_have_deterministic_lightning_xprv():
                db.put('lightning_xprv', k.get_lightning_xprv(None))
        else:
            raise UserFacingException("Seed or key not recognized")
        db.put('keystore', k.dump())
        db.put('wallet_type', 'standard')
        if gap_limit is not None:
            db.put('gap_limit', gap_limit)
        wallet = Wallet(db, config=config)
    if db.storage:
        assert not db.storage.file_exists(), "file was created too soon! plaintext keys might have been written to disk"
    wallet.update_password(old_pw=None, new_pw=password, encrypt_storage=encrypt_file)
    wallet.synchronize()
    msg = ("This wallet was restored offline. It may contain more addresses than displayed. "
           "Start a daemon and use load_wallet to sync its history.")
    wallet.save_db()
    return {'wallet': wallet, 'msg': msg}