cisla.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Číselné datové typy\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "1. [Celé číslo](#Celé-číslo----int)\n",
    "1. [Desetinní číslo](#Desetinné-číslo----float)\n",
    "1. [Komplexní číslo](#Komplexní-číslo----complex)\n",
    "1. [Pravda a Nepravda](#Pravda-a-Nepravda----bool)\n",
    "\n",
    "## Celé číslo -- int"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "176"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i=176\n",
    "i\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.3333333333333335"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "20 / 6  # dělení\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "20 // 6 #celočíselné dělení"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "20 % 6 #zbytek po dělení"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 ** 5  # mocnina"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "podporované operace:\n",
    "\n",
    "operátor | operace\n",
    ":---:|-----\n",
    " +, -, * | to je klasika\n",
    " / | dělení\n",
    " //| celočíselné dělení \n",
    " % | zbytek po celočíselném dělení dělení (modulo)\n",
    "** | mocnina\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Celá čísla lze zadávat i pomocí prefixu v různých číselných soustavách\n",
    "\n",
    "prefix &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;| základ soustavy\n",
    ":------|:---------------\n",
    "`0b`, `0B` | 2\n",
    "`0o` | 8\n",
    "`0x`, `0X` | 16\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "0o12"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "0b1001"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "255"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "0xff"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "převod z desítkové do jiné soustavy lze uskutečnit pomocí funkcí\n",
    "`bin()`, `oct()` a `hex()`.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Bitové operace s celými čísly\n",
    "\n",
    "operátor | operace\n",
    ":---|:---\n",
    "<code>&#124;</code> | disjunkce -- OR\n",
    "`&` | konjunkce -- AND\n",
    "`^` | nonekvivalence -- XOR\n",
    "`~` | negace -- NOT\n",
    "`>>`&nbsp;&nbsp; | bitový posun doleva\n",
    "`<<` | bitový posun doprava\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "011010     26\n",
      "000110      6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0:06b} {0:6d}\\n{1:06b} {1:6d}'.format(26,6))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "011110     30\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0:06b} {0:6d}'.format( 26 | 6 ))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "000010      2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0:06b} {0:6d}'.format( 26 & 6 ))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "011100     28\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0:06b} {0:6d}'.format( 26 ^ 6 ))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "011000     24\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print ('{0:06b} {0:6d}'.format( 6 << 2 ))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "000110      6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print ('{0:06b} {0:6d}'.format( 26 >> 2 ))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Desetinné číslo -- float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.3333333333333335"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f=3.0\n",
    "a=.7\n",
    "f=2.2367\n",
    "20. / 6\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Komplexní číslo -- complex"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1+0j)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x=complex(1)\n",
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'j' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-17-4c0ff1ba1f97>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m4j\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mz\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m8\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'j' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y=3+4j\n",
    "z=8+j"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(8+1j)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z=8+1j\n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z.real"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z.imag"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(8-1j)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z.conjugate()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "## Pravda a Nepravda -- bool\n",
    "\n",
    "Proměnná `True`, `False` jsou jen synonymem pro `1` a `0`.\n",
    "Dále platí, že `False` je jen prázdný řetězec, prázdný seznam,\n",
    "`None` nebo číslo `0`. Vše ostatníje `True`.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool('-1234')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool('0')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(7654)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool(776.4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True+True+True+True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True+2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "87534 * False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "Pravdivostní výrazy mohou používat\n",
    "\n",
    "výraz| \n",
    ":----: |-----\n",
    "`==` | nerovno \n",
    "`!=` | nerovno\n",
    "`>`  | větší\n",
    "`>=` | větší nebo rovno\n",
    "`<`  | menší\n",
    "`<=` | menší nebo rovno\n",
    "`in` | test příslušnosti do seznamu."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "22 == 22\n",
    "True\n",
    ">>> 22 != 22\n",
    "False\n",
    ">>> 22 != 15.23\n",
    "True\n",
    ">>> 'a' in 'ahoj'\n",
    "True\n",
    ">>> 'a' in 'Hele'\n",
    "False\n",
    ">>> 'ab' in 'ahoj'\n",
    "False\n",
    ">>> 8 in (1,2,8,16,32)\n",
    "True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "V pravdivostních výrazech lze používat logické operace **and**, **or** a **not**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "14 == 14 and 'B' in 'ahoj'"
   ]
  }
 ],
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