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:mod:`py_compile` --- Compile Python source files

.. module:: py_compile
   :synopsis: Generate byte-code files from Python source files.


.. sectionauthor:: Fred L. Drake, Jr. <fdrake@acm.org>

Source code: :source:`Lib/py_compile.py`

.. index:: pair: file; byte-code

The :mod:`py_compile` module provides a function to generate a byte-code file from a source file, and another function used when the module source file is invoked as a script.

Though not often needed, this function can be useful when installing modules for shared use, especially if some of the users may not have permission to write the byte-code cache files in the directory containing the source code.

.. exception:: PyCompileError

   Exception raised when an error occurs while attempting to compile the file.



.. function:: compile(file, cfile=None, dfile=None, doraise=False, optimize=-1)

   Compile a source file to byte-code and write out the byte-code cache file.
   The source code is loaded from the file named *file*.  The byte-code is
   written to *cfile*, which defaults to the :pep:`3147`/:pep:`488` path, ending
   in ``.pyc``.
   For example, if *file* is ``/foo/bar/baz.py`` *cfile* will default to
   ``/foo/bar/__pycache__/baz.cpython-32.pyc`` for Python 3.2.  If *dfile* is
   specified, it is used as the name of the source file in error messages when
   instead of *file*.  If *doraise* is true, a :exc:`PyCompileError` is raised
   when an error is encountered while compiling *file*. If *doraise* is false
   (the default), an error string is written to ``sys.stderr``, but no exception
   is raised.  This function returns the path to byte-compiled file, i.e.
   whatever *cfile* value was used.

   If the path that *cfile* becomes (either explicitly specified or computed)
   is a symlink or non-regular file, :exc:`FileExistsError` will be raised.
   This is to act as a warning that import will turn those paths into regular
   files if it is allowed to write byte-compiled files to those paths. This is
   a side-effect of import using file renaming to place the final byte-compiled
   file into place to prevent concurrent file writing issues.

   *optimize* controls the optimization level and is passed to the built-in
   :func:`compile` function.  The default of ``-1`` selects the optimization
   level of the current interpreter.

   .. versionchanged:: 3.2
      Changed default value of *cfile* to be :PEP:`3147`-compliant.  Previous
      default was *file* + ``'c'`` (``'o'`` if optimization was enabled).
      Also added the *optimize* parameter.

   .. versionchanged:: 3.4
      Changed code to use :mod:`importlib` for the byte-code cache file writing.
      This means file creation/writing semantics now match what :mod:`importlib`
      does, e.g. permissions, write-and-move semantics, etc. Also added the
      caveat that :exc:`FileExistsError` is raised if *cfile* is a symlink or
      non-regular file.



.. function:: main(args=None)

   Compile several source files.  The files named in *args* (or on the command
   line, if *args* is ``None``) are compiled and the resulting byte-code is
   cached in the normal manner.  This function does not search a directory
   structure to locate source files; it only compiles files named explicitly.
   If ``'-'`` is the only parameter in args, the list of files is taken from
   standard input.

   .. versionchanged:: 3.2
      Added support for ``'-'``.

When this module is run as a script, the :func:`main` is used to compile all the files named on the command line. The exit status is nonzero if one of the files could not be compiled.

.. seealso::

   Module :mod:`compileall`
      Utilities to compile all Python source files in a directory tree.