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200.txt
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200.txt
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[15] [DFN@en[[[IDNA]]]] ([DFN@en[Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications]])
は、 [[IDN]] ([[国際化ドメイン名]]) を[[インターネット]]の様々な[[アプリケーション]]で扱うための技術です。
[17] [[IDNA]] では、既存の[[プロトコル]]や実働しているシステムへの変更無しで [[IDN]]
を扱うために、 [[IDN]] を [[ASCII文字]]に転写し、 [[IDN]] と [[ASCII]]
の[[ドメイン名]]との変換を末端の[[アプリケーション]]内で行います。この [[ASCII文字]]への転写法としては
[[Punycode]] が採用されています。
* 版
[16] [[IETF]] 的には、 [[IDNA]] には2つの (非互換な) 版があります。
[FIG(short list)[
- [13] [[IDNA2003]]
- [14] [[IDNA2008]]
]FIG]
[6] しかし実際に使われているのは [[UTS #46]] です。
* 技術
[7]
[FIG(short list)[
- [[ドメインをASCIIに]]
-- [[ToASCII]]
- [[ドメインをUnicodeに]]
-- [[ToUnicode]]
- [[Unicode IDNA互換性処理]]
-- [[Punycode]]
--- [[Bootstring]]
-- [[IDNA写像表]]
[HISTORY[
- [[Nameprep]]
-- [[Stringprep]]
]HISTORY]
]FIG]
* テストケース
[30] [CITE[Nameprep and IDNA Test Vectors]]
( ([TIME[2011-03-07 08:02:42 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/draft-josefsson-idn-test-vectors.html>
[31]
[CITE@en-US[Savannah Git Hosting - libidn.git/tree - tests/]]
<http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=libidn.git;a=tree;f=tests>
* 実装
[29] [CITE[Net::IDN::Encode - search.cpan.org]]
<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm>
* メモ
[12] [CITE@en[RFC 5992 - Internationalized Domain Names Registration and Administration Guidelines for European Languages Using Cyrillic]]
([TIME[2010-10-05 09:48:08 +09:00]] 版)
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5992>
[32] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20121107]]
( ([TIME[2012-11-25 12:45:34 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20121107#l-633>
[33] [CITE[Updating RFC 5890-5893 (IDNA 2008) to Full Standard]]
( ([TIME[2012-11-09 00:27:02 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.alvestrand.no/pipermail/idna-update/2012-November/007450.html>
[34] [CITE[URL: IDNA2008 — Anne’s Blog]]
( ([TIME[2012-11-29 09:02:36 +09:00]] 版))
<http://annevankesteren.nl/2012/09/idna2008>
[35] [CITE@en[RFC 6912 - Principles for Unicode Code Point Inclusion in Labels in the DNS]]
( ([TIME[2013-07-31 04:26:59 +09:00]] 版))
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6912>
[36] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130813]]
( ([TIME[2013-08-14 23:34:42 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130813#l-558>
[37] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130816]]
( ([TIME[2013-08-17 16:16:01 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130816#l-62>
[38] [CITE[''''''[''''''whatwg'''''']'''''' URL standard: Query string parsing; host parsing]]
( ([TIME[2013-08-19 10:56:48 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2013-August/040504.html>
[39] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130819]]
( ([TIME[2013-08-20 19:40:50 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130819>
[40] [CITE[URL: IDNA2003 — Anne’s Blog]]
( ([TIME[2013-08-20 19:56:56 +09:00]] 版))
<http://annevankesteren.nl/2013/08/idna2003>
[41] [CITE@en[Re: Standardizing on IDNA 2003 in the URL Standard]]
( ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2013-08-20 21:32:23 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2013Aug/0085.html>
[42] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130912]]
( ([TIME[2013-09-15 16:17:53 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130912#l-744>
[43] [CITE[Issue 23642003: Support IDNA 2008 - Code Review]]
( ([TIME[2013-10-01 20:50:21 +09:00]] 版))
<https://codereview.chromium.org/23642003>
[44] [CITE@en[479520 – (IDNA2008) Implement new IDNA2008 standards]]
( ([TIME[2013-10-01 20:50:45 +09:00]] 版))
<https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=479520>
[45] [CITE@en[How does IE handle the IDN2008 RFCs? - I'm not a Klingon (<span style="font-family:pIqaD,code2000;"> </span>) - Site Home - MSDN Blogs]]
( ([TIME[2013-10-01 20:56:41 +09:00]] 版))
<http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnste/archive/2013/09/09/how-does-ie-handle-the-idn2008-rfcs.aspx>
[46] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r8381 Defer to URL spec for IDNA stuff.]]
( ([TIME[2014-01-08 06:12:00 +09:00]] 版))
<http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=8380&to=8381>
[47] [CITE@en[Bug 23009 – Unicode normalization can produce / code points in domain names]]
( ([TIME[2014-01-16 00:31:55 +09:00]] 版))
<https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23009>
[48] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20140414]]
( ([TIME[2014-04-15 17:34:13 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20140414>
[49] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20140415]]
( ([TIME[2014-04-16 14:05:04 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20140415>
[50] [CITE@en[RFC 6797 - HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)]]
( ([TIME[2014-06-02 05:16:10 +09:00]] 版))
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-10>
[51] [CITE@en[RFC 6797 - HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)]]
( ([TIME[2014-06-02 05:16:10 +09:00]] 版))
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-13>
[52] [CITE[URL: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing (Unicode Technical Standard #46) — Anne’s Blog]]
( ([TIME[2014-07-02 07:05:29 +09:00]] 版))
<http://annevankesteren.nl/2014/06/url-unicode>
[53] [CITE@en[RFC 6265 - HTTP State Management Mechanism]]
( ([TIME[2014-10-12 15:11:47 +09:00]] 版))
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-6.3>
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[1] [CITE@en[RFC 7469 - Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP]]
([TIME[2015-05-05 21:00:37 +09:00]] 版)
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7469#section-2.3>
]FIGCAPTION]
> Note that
> internationalized domain names SHALL be canonicalized according to
> the scheme in Section 10 of '''['''RFC6797''']'''.
]FIG]
[2] [CITE@en[Add a section on rendering URLs with some advice around bidirectional… · whatwg/url@d1152b9]]
([TIME[2015-08-27 11:53:23 +09:00]] 版)
<https://github.com/whatwg/url/commit/d1152b94a16ae91e1f72d128fd5ef589635f0e7c>
[3] [CITE@en[479520 – (IDNA2008) Implement IDNA2008 and Unicode UTS #46]]
([TIME[2015-09-21 21:43:51 +09:00]] 版)
<https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=479520>
[4] [CITE@en[How does IE handle the IDN2008 RFCs? - I'm not a Klingon (<span style="font-family:pIqaD,code2000;"> </span>) - Site Home - MSDN Blogs]]
([TIME[2015-09-21 21:46:33 +09:00]] 版)
<http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnste/archive/2013/09/09/how-does-ie-handle-the-idn2008-rfcs.aspx>
[5] [CITE[Issue 23642003: Support IDNA 2008 - Code Review]]
([TIME[2015-09-21 21:46:46 +09:00]] 版)
<https://codereview.chromium.org/23642003>
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[8] [CITE@en[RE: Standardizing on IDNA 2003 in the URL Standard]]
([[Shawn Steele]]著, [TIME[2014-01-20 03:53:50 +09:00]])
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2014Jan/0126.html>
]FIGCAPTION]
> And, just to be clear, our APIs are currently IDNA2008 plus UTS46 (compatibility) minus contextual/bidi validation (and have been for a while and are unlikely to change in the foreseeable future).
]FIG]
[9] [CITE@en[Unicode IDNA feedback]]
([[Anne van Kesteren]]著, [TIME[2016-11-21 17:39:08 +09:00]])
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2016Nov/0001.html>
[10] [CITE[チェンジセット 208902 – WebKit]]
([TIME[2016-11-27 15:29:47 +09:00]])
<https://trac.webkit.org/changeset/208902>
[11] [CITE@en[Re: IDNA tests]]
([[Alex Christensen]]著, [TIME[2017-01-07 03:40:37 +09:00]])
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2017Jan/0008.html>
[18] [CITE@en[Re: Unicode IDNA feedback]]
([[Anne van Kesteren]]著, [TIME[2017-01-07 01:20:21 +09:00]])
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2017Jan/0007.html>
[19] [CITE@en[IDNA2008 · Issue #223 · whatwg/url]]
([TIME[2017-02-05 12:09:13 +09:00]])
<https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/223>
[20] [CITE[curl - IDNA 2003 makes curl use wrong]]
([TIME[2016-11-07 20:02:21 +09:00]])
<https://curl.haxx.se/docs/adv_20161102K.html>
[21] [CITE@en[Issues · whatwg/url]]
([TIME[2017-02-15 00:31:45 +09:00]])
<https://github.com/whatwg/url/labels/idna>